EP0464182B1 - Moisture absorbing and removing material and item of clothing provided with said material - Google Patents

Moisture absorbing and removing material and item of clothing provided with said material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0464182B1
EP0464182B1 EP91903137A EP91903137A EP0464182B1 EP 0464182 B1 EP0464182 B1 EP 0464182B1 EP 91903137 A EP91903137 A EP 91903137A EP 91903137 A EP91903137 A EP 91903137A EP 0464182 B1 EP0464182 B1 EP 0464182B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
moisture
material according
lining
longitudinal transfer
skin
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91903137A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0464182A1 (en
Inventor
Jo[L Bourdeau
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Salomon SAS
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Salomon SAS
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00—Gloves
    • A41D19/0006—Gloves made of several layers of material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00—Gloves
    • A41D19/0055—Plastic or rubber gloves
    • A41D19/0079—Plastic or rubber gloves with channels for conveying fluids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
    • A41D31/125—Moisture handling or wicking function through layered materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1362—Textile, fabric, cloth, or pile containing [e.g., web, net, woven, knitted, mesh, nonwoven, matted, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1362—Textile, fabric, cloth, or pile containing [e.g., web, net, woven, knitted, mesh, nonwoven, matted, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1366—Textile, fabric, cloth, or pile is sandwiched between two distinct layers of material unlike the textile, fabric, cloth, or pile layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/159—Including a nonwoven fabric which is not a scrim

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a material allowing the absorption and evacuation of moisture, in particular sweat.
  • the sweat resulting from this perspiration is vaporized in the ambient air, which contributes to cool the surface of the skin and to the thermal regulation of the body.
  • the vaporization of the sweat occurs in a limited volume, as well as the corresponding heat exchange: the skin becomes moist, the moisture is more or less absorbed by the covering material the skin and it becomes all the more humid, which causes well-known unpleasant sensations.
  • This discomfort is all the more important as the material covering the skin is waterproof - and in particular waterproof - since the moisture thus produced cannot escape to the outside and remains in contact with the skin, thus giving a feeling of discomfort.
  • the moisture thus produced and not evacuated is cold conductive and a cooling factor for the skin.
  • both insulating and waterproof because subjected to significant temperature variations between the outer surface and the skin, and variable over time depending on the efforts of the individual, the waterproofness such clothing can significantly increase the feeling of discomfort.
  • sweat mainly made up of water
  • sweat is a good conductor of heat.
  • sweat cools very quickly and condenses, which worsens the feeling of discomfort.
  • a "wet" insulator loses most of its thermal insulation qualities.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a material intended for making clothing impermeable to external humidity, possibly thermally insulating, which absorbs and eliminates moisture from perspiration, so as to improve the feeling of comfort of the person on the skin to which it is applied, and to keep the insulation its insulating properties in the case of a thermally insulating garment.
  • clothing must be understood all that serves to cover the human body to protect it, and in particular any garment, piece of clothing such as sock, shoe, intended to be in contact with the skin.
  • the subject of the invention is a material of the multilayer type allowing the transfer of moisture and comprising successively from the surface subjected to moisture, a lining and a sealed outer envelope, characterized in that it comprises between the lining and the outer casing of the longitudinal humidity transfer means, and in that the lining comprises a plurality of humidity sensors connected to said transfer means, and passing through this lining until it is close to the surface subjected to humidity.
  • the humidity is taken up by the sensors at the level of the surface subjected to humidity and is transferred by these sensors to the longitudinal transfer means.
  • the moisture is removed from the skin and is therefore no longer in contact with the latter, hence a suppression of the feeling of discomfort linked to such contact.
  • the storage volume is moved away from the humidity production zone so as to avoid leakage of stored humidity due to too high pressure in the humidity production zone.
  • the material according to the invention can also comprise a layer of insulating material between the lining and the waterproof outer envelope, in this case the layer of insulating material is provided with an inner waterproof envelope so as to prevent the captured moisture from penetrating. in the insulating material, which would greatly reduce its thermal insulation capacities.
  • the lining is preferably made of a material which comprises a multitude of wires (or bristles) constituting the sensors which take the water and conduct it by capillarity to the drains.
  • the material according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of waterproof clothing, such as rubber gloves for working in aggressive environments or to be preserved, as well as for the production of sports clothing, and in particular clothing subjected to severe weather conditions which must have both sealing and thermal insulation characteristics.
  • waterproof clothing such as rubber gloves for working in aggressive environments or to be preserved
  • sports clothing and in particular clothing subjected to severe weather conditions which must have both sealing and thermal insulation characteristics.
  • gloves in particular downhill ski gloves, protective clothing, sports and leisure clothing and for example ski, hiking, mountaineering clothing, etc.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of material 1 according to the invention in contact with the skin 2 of an individual.
  • the side facing the skin is called the inside side 3, the other side is facing out and called the outside side 4.
  • the material has a succession of layers that are substantially parallel to each other: from the inside to the outside: a lining 5, a thermal insulator 6, and an outer casing 7.
  • the insulator on the inner side, is covered with a sealed inner casing 8 in order to prevent any transfer of moisture through the insulating material.
  • the material comprises means 9 for transferring moisture, the function of which is to transfer the moisture present on the interior side 3 and taken up by sensors 10, in order to evacuate it.
  • the transfer of moisture takes place parallel to the layers of materials. That is to say in a substantially longitudinal direction relative to the skin 2 of the individual, while the removal of moisture from the skin by means of the sensors 10 is done in a substantially radial direction, this is i.e. perpendicular to the skin.
  • the longitudinal transfer means are preferably constituted by drains 9 collecting the moisture.
  • the lining 5 comprises a plurality of humidity sensors 10, which are connected to the drains 9, and which pass through the lining to the interior surface 3, so as to be in contact with the skin 2 and therefore with moisture.
  • the drains 9 are in turn connected to a storage volume 11 intended to absorb the water, or the sweat, collected.
  • the drains 9 consist of strips of hydrophilic material, threads or wicks; these drains are in close contact with the external surface 12 of the lining in order to present a maximum surface in contact with the end of the sensors 10.
  • the drains 9 are numerous and of short length in order to better distribute themselves on the wet surface and to quickly saturate.
  • the storage volume 11 is, in the embodiment, made up of a pocket 13 containing an absorbent or hyper absorbent material of known type such as crosslinked polyacrylates.
  • the material is an irreversible absorbent and the bag 13 is removable. When it is saturated with water, it can be removed and replaced by a new dry bag.
  • the bag can have a visual moisture charge indicator.
  • the indicator can be of the type by color change or change in consistency, of known type.
  • the absorbent material is reversible: it is capable of drying and can be used many times.
  • the lining 5 is then mounted in the glove in a separable manner, to accelerate the drying.
  • This lining 5 can also be only partially removable: the location of the water in a very precise clothing zone makes it possible not to completely separate the lining from the outer envelope: a window, a flip-up sleeve, zipper opening means known per se can be provided be used for this purpose.
  • the storage volume 11 is arranged at a location on the garment remote from the humidity production zone. This arrangement is important, especially when the production area is subjected to sudden pressure variations. Such pressures, if transmitted to the hyper absorbent material would bring water out of the storage volume or could bring the skin back into contact with moisture.
  • the lining 5 is made of a material consisting of woven or knitted fibers having on the outside side 4 a mesh network on which the drains 9 are fixed, and on the inside side 3, intended to be in contact with the skin, a multitude of fibers, or sensors 10.
  • the fibers constituting the lining 5 and the sensors 10 are hydrophobic in order not to absorb the water and thus to avoid any desorption under pressure against the skin (during the effort) which would wet the skin again.
  • the fibers 10 are wetted in contact with the skin, and conduct the water by capillary action towards the meshed outer surface 4 of the lining 5 up to the drains 9.
  • These fibers are preferably made of synthetic material, they can be knitted or be in the form of a fur, the condensation forming on the hairs (sensors) towards their coldest base, therefore far from the skin and not producing no unpleasant impression. It will be noted that such water collection by capillarity is extremely advantageous since it does not require wetting of the core of the fiber and therefore allows comfortable contact of the fibers with the skin even during the collection phase.
  • the material works as follows: At first the material is dry, the skin begins to sweat. Sweating begins, the sweat reaches the sensors 10. By capillarity the water moves and crosses the entire thickness of the lining 5, until it reaches the drains 9, the material of the drains 9 being hydrophilic, these absorb the 'water. When the collection zone, that is to say the drain 9 over its entire length, is saturated, the water comes into contact with the absorbent material placed in the storage volume. The drainage is then initiated, at a distance from the skin and therefore without discomfort for the latter, and it continues until a balance (osmotic) is obtained between the drains and the storage volume.
  • the insulator 6 has a sealed internal surface in order to prevent the captured moisture from entering the insulator and to deteriorate the thermal insulation characteristics of this insulator.
  • the outer surface 7 of the insulator that is to say the outer surface of the garment, is also waterproof.
  • the garment is therefore completely impermeable to external humidity, and the insulation remains constantly dry since it is protected from moisture on both sides, and retains its properties. In such a case, the humidity caused by perspiration is higher because there is no longer any exchange with the outside due to the seal, but it is absorbed by the humidity transfer device and the lining finally has a minimum degree of humidity and the contact of the skin on the lining remains comfortable.
  • the invention can be used for all types of waterproof clothing, including sports shoes, in particular ski boots. It can also be applied to waterproof clothing but does not require specific thermal insulation. It can also be applied for other uses, for example on all waterproof fabrics intended to be in contact with the skin for a long time; this is the case of seats for example, and particularly of car seats.
  • drains could have a completely different arrangement, for example that shown in FIG. 4, according to which these are, in the part of the fingers, arranged in a helix.
  • the storage of humidity can be carried out by several elements 110, 111 as shown in FIG. 5 or peripherally 112 for example around the wrist as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the Humidity storage can be done in a pocket made of a microporous membrane containing salts.
  • the sensors have an absorption capacity lower than that of the drains, which themselves have an absorption capacity itself lower than that of the storage element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Gloves (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR91/00021 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 24, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 24, 1991 PCT Filed Jan. 14, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO91/11122 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 8, 1991.A multilayered material for clothing adapted to transfer moisture from the skin of the user, includes a waterproof top layer, a bottom layer constituting a lining and comprising moisture collectors extending radially between the top and bottom layers, and longitudinal drains which carry the moisture away from its source. The material can be used for gloves, sports shoes as well as garments.

Description

La présente invention concerne un matériau permettant l'absorption et l'évacuation de l'humidité, notamment de la sueur.The present invention relates to a material allowing the absorption and evacuation of moisture, in particular sweat.

On sait que la peau d'un individu respire et transpire en permanence : la transpiration étant d'autant plus importante que l'activité du corps et sa température sont importantes, notamment pendant et à la suite d'un effort.It is known that the skin of an individual breathes and perspires constantly: sweating being all the more important as the activity of the body and its temperature are important, in particular during and following an effort.

Lorsque la peau est nue, la sueur résultant de cette transpiration est vaporisée dans l'air ambiant, ce qui contribue à refroidir la surface de la peau et à la régulation thermique du corps.When the skin is bare, the sweat resulting from this perspiration is vaporized in the ambient air, which contributes to cool the surface of the skin and to the thermal regulation of the body.

Lorsque la peau est recouverte, par exemple d'un vêtement, la vaporisation de la sueur se produit dans un volume limité, ainsi que l'échange thermique correspondant : la peau devient moite, l'humidité est plus ou moins absorbée par le matériau recouvrant la peau et celui-ci s'humidifie d'autant, ce qui provoque des sensations désagréables bien connues.When the skin is covered, for example with a garment, the vaporization of the sweat occurs in a limited volume, as well as the corresponding heat exchange: the skin becomes moist, the moisture is more or less absorbed by the covering material the skin and it becomes all the more humid, which causes well-known unpleasant sensations.

Cet inconfort est d'autant plus important que le matériau recouvrant la peau est étanche - et notamment étanche à l'eau - puisque l'humidité ainsi produite ne peut s'évacuer vers l'extérieur et reste en contact avec la peau, donnant ainsi une sensation d'inconfort.This discomfort is all the more important as the material covering the skin is waterproof - and in particular waterproof - since the moisture thus produced cannot escape to the outside and remains in contact with the skin, thus giving a feeling of discomfort.

Par ailleurs, dans le cas d'un vêtement destiné à protéger du froid, l'humidité ainsi produite et non évacuée est conductrice de froid et facteur de refroidissement pour la peau.Furthermore, in the case of a garment intended to protect from the cold, the moisture thus produced and not evacuated is cold conductive and a cooling factor for the skin.

Dans le cas d'un vêtement de sport, à la fois isolant et étanche, car soumis à des variations de températures importantes entre la surface extérieure et la peau, et variables dans le temps en fonction des efforts de l'individu, l'étanchéité d'un tel vêtement peut augmenter encore de façon non négligeable la sensation d'inconfort.In the case of a sportswear, both insulating and waterproof, because subjected to significant temperature variations between the outer surface and the skin, and variable over time depending on the efforts of the individual, the waterproofness such clothing can significantly increase the feeling of discomfort.

En effet la sueur, composée essentiellement d'eau, est un bon conducteur de la chaleur. En cas d'isolation thermique insuffisante, la sueur se refroidit donc très vite et se condense, ce qui aggrave la sensation d'inconfort. Par ailleurs un isolant "mouillé" perd la majeure partie de ses qualités d'isolation thermique.In fact, sweat, mainly made up of water, is a good conductor of heat. In case of insufficient thermal insulation, sweat cools very quickly and condenses, which worsens the feeling of discomfort. In addition, a "wet" insulator loses most of its thermal insulation qualities.

D'ailleurs, ce problème se retrouve dans la demande de brevet d'invention FR-A-2 525 876, qui enseigne une structure spécifique de vêtement pour la pratique de sports en milieu humide. La structure révélée par ce document est un complexe multicouches qui comprend au moins une épaisseur isothermique constituée de fibres hydrophobes côté peau, et une épaisseur coupe-vent constituée d'une couche superficielle de matière plastique souple et élastique à l'extérieur du vêtement.Moreover, this problem is found in the patent application FR-A-2 525 876, which teaches a specific structure of clothing for the practice of sports in a humid environment. The structure revealed by this document is a multilayer complex which comprises at least one isothermal thickness made up of hydrophobic fibers on the skin side, and a windproof thickness made up of a surface layer of flexible and elastic plastic material outside the garment.

Comme expliqué à la page 3, ligne 31 de ce document, l'évacuation de la sueur et de l'eau du milieu ambiant se produit par la face interne du vêtement uniquement, située côté peau, ce qui donne une sensation d'inconfort comme dit précédemment.As explained on page 3, line 31 of this document, the evacuation of sweat and water from the ambient environment occurs by the internal face of the garment only, located on the skin side, which gives a feeling of discomfort as said previously.

Une solution peut consister à retenir l'humidité et la sueur dégagée lors d'un effort, à l'intérieur de l'épaisseur du vêtement, afin d'éviter les sensations désagréables. L'art antérieur, par le brevet FR 1 550 233, révèle l'emploi dans une chaussure d'une semelle intérieure ayant des qualités asséchantes qui garde le pied sec, voir page 2, colonne 1, ligne 21. Ce document propose un article qui comprend des moyens fibreux pour distribuer des liquides par action capillaire vers des moyens absorbants destinés à recevoir ces liquides à partir desdits moyens fibreux, les moyens absorbants étant caractérisés par leur aptitude à conserver l'état solide et à retenir le liquide absorbé quand on applique une pression auxdits moyens absorbants et des moyens à base de pellicules imperméables aux liquides entourant lesdits moyens fibreux et lesdits moyens absorbants, lesdites pellicules possédant une admission du liquide vers les moyens fibreux. Cependant, ce document n'apporte pas de solution pour la réalisation d'un matériau pour vêtements imperméables à l'humidité extérieure, qui absorbe et élimine l'humidité intérieure et qui préserve un confort thermique.One solution may be to retain the moisture and sweat released during an effort, within the thickness of the garment, to avoid unpleasant sensations. The prior art, by patent FR 1 550 233, reveals the use in a shoe of an insole having drying qualities which keeps the foot dry, see page 2, column 1, line 21. This document proposes an article which comprises fibrous means for dispensing liquids by capillary action towards means absorbents intended to receive these liquids from said fibrous means, the absorbent means being characterized by their ability to maintain the solid state and to retain the absorbed liquid when pressure is applied to said absorbent means and film-based means impermeable to liquids surrounding said fibrous means and said absorbent means, said films having an admission of liquid to the fibrous means. However, this document does not provide a solution for the production of a material for clothing impermeable to external humidity, which absorbs and eliminates internal humidity and which preserves thermal comfort.

L'invention a pour objectif de proposer un matériau destiné à réaliser des vêtements imperméables à l'humidité extérieure, éventuellement thermiquement isolants, qui absorbe et élimine l'humidité de la transpiration, de façon à améliorer la sensation de confort de la personne sur la peau de laquelle il est appliqué, et à conserver à l'isolant ses propriétés isolantes dans le cas d'un vêtement thermiquement isolant. Par le terme vêtement doit être entendu tout ce qui sert à couvrir le corps humain pour le protéger, et notamment tout habit, pièce d'habillement telle que chaussette, chaussure, destiné à être en contact avec la peau.The object of the invention is to provide a material intended for making clothing impermeable to external humidity, possibly thermally insulating, which absorbs and eliminates moisture from perspiration, so as to improve the feeling of comfort of the person on the skin to which it is applied, and to keep the insulation its insulating properties in the case of a thermally insulating garment. By the term clothing must be understood all that serves to cover the human body to protect it, and in particular any garment, piece of clothing such as sock, shoe, intended to be in contact with the skin.

L'invention a pour objet un matériau du type multicouche permettant le transfert d'humidité et comportant successivement depuis la surface soumise à l'humidité, une doublure et une enveloppe extérieure étanche, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte entre la doublure et l'enveloppe extérieure des moyens de transfert longitudinal de l'humidité, et en ce que la doublure comporte une pluralité de capteurs d'humidité reliés auxdits moyens de transfert, et traversant cette doublure jusqu'à proximité de la surface soumise à l'humidité.The subject of the invention is a material of the multilayer type allowing the transfer of moisture and comprising successively from the surface subjected to moisture, a lining and a sealed outer envelope, characterized in that it comprises between the lining and the outer casing of the longitudinal humidity transfer means, and in that the lining comprises a plurality of humidity sensors connected to said transfer means, and passing through this lining until it is close to the surface subjected to humidity.

De cette façon, l'humidité est prélevée par les capteurs au niveau de la surface soumise à l'humidité et est transférée par ces capteurs aux moyens de transfert longitudinal. De ce fait l'humidité est éloignée de la peau et n'est donc plus en contact avec celle-ci, d'où une suppression de sensation d'inconfort liée à un tel contact.In this way, the humidity is taken up by the sensors at the level of the surface subjected to humidity and is transferred by these sensors to the longitudinal transfer means. As a result, the moisture is removed from the skin and is therefore no longer in contact with the latter, hence a suppression of the feeling of discomfort linked to such contact.

L'invention est encore remarquable par les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • les moyens de transfert sont des drains capteurs et conducteurs de l'humidité; ces drains sont raccordés à au moins un volume de stockage de l'humidité, ce qui permet de garantir un éloignement total de l'humidité par rapport à la peau. Les drains sont de préférence constitués de fils, mèches ou bandelettes en matière hydrophile de façon à mieux conduire l'humidité et sont de préférence nombreux et petits de façon à être mieux répartis sur la surface humide et de façon à mieux amorcer le drainage ainsi qu'on le verra plus loin.
The invention is also remarkable for the following characteristics:
  • the transfer means are sensor drains and conductors of humidity; these drains are connected to at least one humidity storage volume, which makes it possible to guarantee a total distancing of the humidity with respect to the skin. The drains are preferably made up of wires, wicks or strips of hydrophilic material so as to better conduct moisture and are preferably numerous and small so as to be better distributed over the wet surface and so as to better initiate drainage as well as 'we will see later.

Selon les formes d'exécutions préférées de l'invention :

  • le volume de stockage est constitué d'un matériau absorbant et ce matériau est un absorbant irréversible et le volume est amovible de façon à permettre le changement de matériau, un indicateur visuel de charge en humidité pouvant être alors prévu, ou le matériau est un absorbant réversible susceptible de libérer l'eau absorbée, par séchage ou autre. La doublure est alors séparable de l'enveloppe extérieure de façon à en faciliter le séchage; elle peut également être amovible.
According to the preferred embodiments of the invention:
  • the storage volume is made of an absorbent material and this material is an irreversible absorbent and the volume is removable so as to allow the change of material, a visual indicator of moisture load can then be provided, or the material is an absorbent reversible likely to release absorbed water, by drying or other. The lining is then separable from the outer envelope so as to facilitate drying thereof; it can also be removable.

Avantageusement, le volume de stockage est éloigné de la zone de production d'humidité de façon à éviter des fuites d'humidité stockée par suite d'une trop forte pression dans la zone de production d'humidité.Advantageously, the storage volume is moved away from the humidity production zone so as to avoid leakage of stored humidity due to too high pressure in the humidity production zone.

Le matériau selon l'invention peut également comporter une couche de matériau isolant entre la doublure et l'enveloppe externe étanche, dans ce cas la couche de matériau isolant est munie d'une enveloppe interne étanche de façon à empêcher l'humidité captée de pénétrer dans le matériau isolant, ce qui diminuerait fortement les capacités d'isolation thermique de celui-ci.The material according to the invention can also comprise a layer of insulating material between the lining and the waterproof outer envelope, in this case the layer of insulating material is provided with an inner waterproof envelope so as to prevent the captured moisture from penetrating. in the insulating material, which would greatly reduce its thermal insulation capacities.

Enfin, la doublure est de préférence en un matériau qui comporte une multitude de fils (ou poils) constituant les capteurs qui prélèvent l'eau et la conduisent par capillarité jusqu'au drains.Finally, the lining is preferably made of a material which comprises a multitude of wires (or bristles) constituting the sensors which take the water and conduct it by capillarity to the drains.

Le matériau selon l'invention est particulièrement adapté à la réalisation de vêtements étanches, tels que gants en caoutchouc pour travailler dans des milieux agressifs ou devant être préservés, ainsi qu'à la réalisation de vêtements de sport, et notamment de vêtements soumis à des conditions atmosphériques rigoureuses et qui doivent présenter à la fois des caractéristiques d'étanchéité et d'isolation thermique. C'est le cas par exemple pour les gants, notamment les gants de ski alpin, les vêtements de protection, les vêtements de sport et de loisirs et par exemple les vêtements de ski, de randonnée, d'alpinisme, etc.The material according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of waterproof clothing, such as rubber gloves for working in aggressive environments or to be preserved, as well as for the production of sports clothing, and in particular clothing subjected to severe weather conditions which must have both sealing and thermal insulation characteristics. This is the case, for example, for gloves, in particular downhill ski gloves, protective clothing, sports and leisure clothing and for example ski, hiking, mountaineering clothing, etc.

D'autres modes particuliers de réalisation selon l'invention sont indiqués dans les revendications 2 à 22.Other particular embodiments according to the invention are indicated in claims 2 to 22.

La description qui suit est fondée sur la réalisation d'un gant de ski alpin à la fois isolant thermiquement et étanche avec un matériau selon l'invention, mais n'est bien entendu pas limitée à un tel exemple d'application.The following description is based on the production of an alpine ski glove that is both thermally insulating and waterproof with a material according to the invention, but is of course not limited to such an example of application.

Afin de mieux comprendre la description on a illustré l'exemple de réalisation sur un dessin annexé sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe transversale du matériau selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est un schéma du principe de fonctionnement;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une doublure équipée du dispositif de transfert d'humidité selon l'invention.
  • les figures 4,5,6 sont des vues identiques à la figure 3 représentant trois variantes.
In order to better understand the description, the exemplary embodiment has been illustrated in an attached drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the material according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of the operating principle;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a liner equipped with the moisture transfer device according to the invention.
  • Figures 4,5,6 are views identical to Figure 3 showing three variants.

La figure 1 illustre un exemple de matériau 1 selon l'invention en contact avec la peau 2 d'un individu. Le côté tourné vers la peau est appelé côté intérieur 3, l'autre est tourné vers l'extérieur et appelé côté extérieur 4. Le matériau comporte une succession de couches sensiblement parallèles entre elles : de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur : une doublure 5, un isolant thermique 6, et une enveloppe extérieure 7.FIG. 1 illustrates an example of material 1 according to the invention in contact with the skin 2 of an individual. The side facing the skin is called the inside side 3, the other side is facing out and called the outside side 4. The material has a succession of layers that are substantially parallel to each other: from the inside to the outside: a lining 5, a thermal insulator 6, and an outer casing 7.

Selon une disposition complémentaire l'isolant, côté intérieur, est recouvert d'une enveloppe intérieure 8 étanche afin d'interdire tout transfert d'humidité à travers la matière isolante.According to a complementary arrangement, the insulator, on the inner side, is covered with a sealed inner casing 8 in order to prevent any transfer of moisture through the insulating material.

Entre l'isolant 6 et la doublure 5 le matériau comporte des moyens 9 de transfert de l'humidité, dont la fonction est de transférer l'humidité présente du côté intérieur 3 et prélevée par des capteurs 10, afin de l'évacuer. Selon une disposition avantageuse le transfert de l'humidité se fait parallèlement aux couches de matériaux. C'est-à-dire dans une direction sensiblement longitudinale par rapport à la peau 2 de l'individu, tandis que le prélèvement de l'humidité de la peau au moyen des capteurs 10 se fait dans une direction sensiblement radiale, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaire à la peau.Between the insulation 6 and the lining 5, the material comprises means 9 for transferring moisture, the function of which is to transfer the moisture present on the interior side 3 and taken up by sensors 10, in order to evacuate it. According to an advantageous arrangement, the transfer of moisture takes place parallel to the layers of materials. That is to say in a substantially longitudinal direction relative to the skin 2 of the individual, while the removal of moisture from the skin by means of the sensors 10 is done in a substantially radial direction, this is i.e. perpendicular to the skin.

Les moyens de transfert longitudinal sont constitués de préférence par des drains 9 collecteurs de l'humidité.The longitudinal transfer means are preferably constituted by drains 9 collecting the moisture.

La doublure 5 comporte une pluralité de capteurs d'humidité 10, qui sont reliés aux drains 9, et qui traversent la doublure jusqu'à la surface intérieure 3, de façon à être en contact avec la peau 2 et donc avec l'humidité.The lining 5 comprises a plurality of humidity sensors 10, which are connected to the drains 9, and which pass through the lining to the interior surface 3, so as to be in contact with the skin 2 and therefore with moisture.

Les drains 9 sont quant à eux raccordés à un volume de stockage 11 destiné à absorber l'eau, ou la sueur, collectée.The drains 9 are in turn connected to a storage volume 11 intended to absorb the water, or the sweat, collected.

Les drains 9 sont constitués de bandelettes en matière hydrophile, de fils ou de mèches; ces drains sont en contact étroit avec la surface extérieure 12 de la doublure afin de présenter une surface maximale en contact avec l'extrémité des capteurs 10.The drains 9 consist of strips of hydrophilic material, threads or wicks; these drains are in close contact with the external surface 12 of the lining in order to present a maximum surface in contact with the end of the sensors 10.

De préférence les drains 9 sont nombreux et de faible longueur afin de mieux se répartir sur la surface humide et de se saturer rapidement.Preferably the drains 9 are numerous and of short length in order to better distribute themselves on the wet surface and to quickly saturate.

Le volume de stockage 11 est, dans l'exemple de réalisation, constitué d'une poche 13 contenant un matériau absorbant ou hyper absorbant de type connu tel que polyacrylates réticulés.The storage volume 11 is, in the embodiment, made up of a pocket 13 containing an absorbent or hyper absorbent material of known type such as crosslinked polyacrylates.

Dans une première variante de réalisation le matériau est un absorbant irréversible et la poche 13 est amovible. Lorsqu'elle est saturée en eau, elle peut être retirée et remplacée par une nouvelle poche sèche. Afin de déterminer facilement le degré de saturation en eau, la poche peut comporter un indicateur visuel de charge en humidité. L'indicateur peut être du type par changement de couleur ou modification de consistance, de type connu.In a first alternative embodiment, the material is an irreversible absorbent and the bag 13 is removable. When it is saturated with water, it can be removed and replaced by a new dry bag. In order to easily determine the degree of water saturation, the bag can have a visual moisture charge indicator. The indicator can be of the type by color change or change in consistency, of known type.

Dans une seconde variante de réalisation le matériau absorbant est réversible : il est susceptible de sécher et peut être utilisé de nombreuses fois. La doublure 5 est alors montée dans le gant de façon séparable, pour accélérer le séchage. Cette doublure 5 peut également n'être que partiellement amovible : la localisation de l'eau dans une zone de vêtement très précise permet de ne pas séparer complétement la doublure de l'enveloppe extérieure : on peut prévoir une fenêtre, une manche retournable, des moyens d'ouverture à glissière connus en soi pouvant être utilisés à cette fin.In a second variant embodiment, the absorbent material is reversible: it is capable of drying and can be used many times. The lining 5 is then mounted in the glove in a separable manner, to accelerate the drying. This lining 5 can also be only partially removable: the location of the water in a very precise clothing zone makes it possible not to completely separate the lining from the outer envelope: a window, a flip-up sleeve, zipper opening means known per se can be provided be used for this purpose.

De préférence le volume de stockage 11 est disposé à un endroit du vêtement éloigné de la zone de production de l'humidité. Cette disposition est importante notamment lorsque la zone de production est soumise à des variations brusques de pression. De telles pressions, si elles étaient transmises à la matière hyper absorbante feraient ressortir l'eau du volume de stockage ou pourraient remettre la peau en contact avec l'humidité.Preferably the storage volume 11 is arranged at a location on the garment remote from the humidity production zone. This arrangement is important, especially when the production area is subjected to sudden pressure variations. Such pressures, if transmitted to the hyper absorbent material would bring water out of the storage volume or could bring the skin back into contact with moisture.

La doublure 5 est réalisée en un matériau constitués de fibres tissées ou tricotées présentant du côté extérieur 4 un réseau maillé sur lequel les drains 9 sont fixés, et du côté intérieur 3, destiné à être en contact avec la peau, une multitude de fibres, ou capteurs 10.The lining 5 is made of a material consisting of woven or knitted fibers having on the outside side 4 a mesh network on which the drains 9 are fixed, and on the inside side 3, intended to be in contact with the skin, a multitude of fibers, or sensors 10.

Les fibres constituant la doublure 5 et les capteurs 10 sont hydrophobes afin de ne pas absorber l'eau et d'éviter ainsi toute désorbtion sous la pression contre la peau (pendant l'effort) qui mouillerait la peau à nouveau.The fibers constituting the lining 5 and the sensors 10 are hydrophobic in order not to absorb the water and thus to avoid any desorption under pressure against the skin (during the effort) which would wet the skin again.

Les fibres 10 sont mouillées au contact de la peau, et conduisent par capillarité l'eau vers la surface extérieure 4 maillée de la doublure 5 jusqu'aux drains 9.The fibers 10 are wetted in contact with the skin, and conduct the water by capillary action towards the meshed outer surface 4 of the lining 5 up to the drains 9.

Ces fibres sont réalisées de préférence en matière synthétique, elles peuvent être tricotées ou se présenter sous la forme d'une fourrure, la condensation se formant sur les poils (capteurs) vers leur base la plus froide, donc loin de la peau et ne produisant pas d'impression désagréable. On notera qu'un tel captage d'eau par capillarité est extrêmement intéressant puisqu'il ne nécessite pas un mouillage du coeur de la fibre et permet donc un contact confortable des fibres avec la peau même pendant la phase du captage.These fibers are preferably made of synthetic material, they can be knitted or be in the form of a fur, the condensation forming on the hairs (sensors) towards their coldest base, therefore far from the skin and not producing no unpleasant impression. It will be noted that such water collection by capillarity is extremely advantageous since it does not require wetting of the core of the fiber and therefore allows comfortable contact of the fibers with the skin even during the collection phase.

Le fonctionnement du matériau est le suivant :
   Dans un premier temps le matériau est sec, la peau commence à transpirer. La sudation commence, la sueur atteint les capteurs 10. Par capillarité l'eau se déplace et traverse toute l'épaisseur de la doublure 5, jusqu'à atteindre les drains 9, le matériau des drains 9 étant hydrophile, ceux-ci absorbent l'eau. Lorsque la zone de captage, c'est-à-dire le drain 9 sur toute sa longueur, est saturée, l'eau arrive au contact du matériau absorbant disposé dans le volume de stockage. Le drainage est alors amorçé, à distance de la peau et donc sans inconfort pour celle-ci, et il continue jusqu'à l'obtention d'un équilibre (osmotique) entre les drains et le volume de stockage.The material works as follows:
At first the material is dry, the skin begins to sweat. Sweating begins, the sweat reaches the sensors 10. By capillarity the water moves and crosses the entire thickness of the lining 5, until it reaches the drains 9, the material of the drains 9 being hydrophilic, these absorb the 'water. When the collection zone, that is to say the drain 9 over its entire length, is saturated, the water comes into contact with the absorbent material placed in the storage volume. The drainage is then initiated, at a distance from the skin and therefore without discomfort for the latter, and it continues until a balance (osmotic) is obtained between the drains and the storage volume.

Selon l'invention l'isolant 6 comporte une surface intérieure étanche afin d'empêcher l'humidité captée de pénétrer dans l'isolant et de détériorer les caractéristiques d'isolation thermique de cet isolant. Mais selon l'invention, la surface extérieure 7 de l'isolant, c'est-à-dire la surface extérieure du vêtement, est également étanche. Le vêtement est donc totalement imperméable à l'humidité extérieure, et l'isolant reste constamment sec puisqu'il est protégé de l'humidité des deux côtés, et conserve ses propriétés. Dans un tel cas, l'humidité provoquée par la transpiration est plus importante car il n'y a plus d'échange avec l'extérieur du fait de l'étanchéité, mais elle est absorbée par le dispositif de transfert d'humidité et la doublure présente finalement un degré d'humidité minimal et le contact de la peau sur la doublure reste confortable.According to the invention, the insulator 6 has a sealed internal surface in order to prevent the captured moisture from entering the insulator and to deteriorate the thermal insulation characteristics of this insulator. But according to the invention, the outer surface 7 of the insulator, that is to say the outer surface of the garment, is also waterproof. The garment is therefore completely impermeable to external humidity, and the insulation remains constantly dry since it is protected from moisture on both sides, and retains its properties. In such a case, the humidity caused by perspiration is higher because there is no longer any exchange with the outside due to the seal, but it is absorbed by the humidity transfer device and the lining finally has a minimum degree of humidity and the contact of the skin on the lining remains comfortable.

L'invention peut être utilisée pour tout genre de vêtement étanche, y compris pour les chaussures de sport notamment les chaussures de ski. Elle peut également être appliquée à des vêtements étanches mais ne nécessitant pas d'isolation thermique spécifique. Elle peut également être appliquée à d'autres usages, par exemple sur tous les tissus étanches destinés à être en contact avec la peau pendant de longue durée; c'est le cas des sièges par exemple, et particulièrement des sièges automobiles.The invention can be used for all types of waterproof clothing, including sports shoes, in particular ski boots. It can also be applied to waterproof clothing but does not require specific thermal insulation. It can also be applied for other uses, for example on all waterproof fabrics intended to be in contact with the skin for a long time; this is the case of seats for example, and particularly of car seats.

Bien entendu les drains pourraient avoir une toute autre disposition et par exemple celle représentée à la figure 4 selon laquelle ceux-ci sont, dans la partie des doigts, disposés en hélice.Of course, the drains could have a completely different arrangement, for example that shown in FIG. 4, according to which these are, in the part of the fingers, arranged in a helix.

D'autre part le stockage de l'humidité peut être réalisé par plusieurs éléments 110, 111 comme cela est représenté à la figure 5 ou de façon périphérique 112 par exemple autour du poignet comme cela est représenté à la figure 6. Notons ainsi que le stockage de l'humidité peut être fait dans une poche constituée d'une membrane microporeuse contenant des sels.On the other hand, the storage of humidity can be carried out by several elements 110, 111 as shown in FIG. 5 or peripherally 112 for example around the wrist as shown in FIG. 6. Let us note that the Humidity storage can be done in a pocket made of a microporous membrane containing salts.

Enfin, selon une caractéristique de l'invention les capteurs ont une capacité d'absorption inférieure à celle des drains, qui eux, ont une capacité d'absorption elle-même inférieure à celle de l'élément de stockage.Finally, according to a characteristic of the invention, the sensors have an absorption capacity lower than that of the drains, which themselves have an absorption capacity itself lower than that of the storage element.

Claims (22)

  1. Moisture-transfer material of the multi-layer type including, successively from the surface subject to the moisture, a lining and a leaktight outer casing, characterized in that it includes, between the lining (5) and the outer casing (7), means for longitudinal transfer of the moisture (9) and in that the lining includes a plurality of moisture pickups connected to the said transport means and passing through this lining as far as into the vicinity of the surface which is subject to the moisture.
  2. Material according to Claim 1, characterized in that the moisture pickups extend essentially in a radial direction with respect to the surface which is subject to the moisture.
  3. Material according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that moisture pickup is effected by capillary effect.
  4. Material according to Claim 3, characterized in that the moisture pickups consist of threads made from hydrophobic material extending at least partially in a radial direction into the lining from its surface intended to be in contact with the skin.
  5. Material according to Claim 1, characterized in that the means of longitudinal transfer of the moisture consist of pickup drains and a moisture conductor.
  6. Material according to Claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the means of longitudinal transfer extend essentially parallel to the lining and the outer casing.
  7. Material according to Claim 5, characterized in that the drains consist of strips, threads or wicks made from hydrophilic material.
  8. Material according to Claim 7, characterized in that each drain is short.
  9. Material according to Claim 1, characterized in that the means of longitudinal transfer of the moisture are connected to at least one volume (11) for storing the moisture.
  10. Material according to Claim 9, characterized in that the storage value (11) includes an absorbent material (13).
  11. Material according to Claim 10, characterized in that the absorbent material (13) is non-reversible and in that the volume (11) is removable.
  12. Material according to Claim 11, characterized in that the absorbent material (13) is mounted on the lining and in that the lining is at least partially removable.
  13. Material according to Claim 10, characterized in that the absorbent material (13) is reversible and capable of releasing the moisture stored by means of drying or another method.
  14. Material according to Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the storage volume (11) is arranged in a zone distant from the zone of production of moisture.
  15. Material according to Claim 1, characterized in that the means of longitudinal transfer of the moisture and the humidity pickups are fastened on the lining, on the outer side and on the inner side of this lining, respectively.
  16. Material according to Claim 1, characterized in that the moisture pickups have an absorption capacity lower than that of the means of longitudinal transfer of moisture.
  17. Material according to Claim 9, characterized in that the means of longitudinal transfer of moisture have an absorption capacity lower than that of the storage volume (11).
  18. Material according to Claim 1, characterized in that it includes, between the lining (5) and the leaktight outer casing (7), an insulating layer (6), and in that the inner surface of the insulating layer is covered over with a leaktight inner casing (8).
  19. Glove characterized in that it consists of the material according to any one of the preceding claims.
  20. Glove according to Claim 19, characterized in that the means of longitudinal transfer of the moisture (9) extend longitudinally along the fingers.
  21. Glove according to Claim 20, in connection with Claim 8, characterized in that the volume of the storage (11) is arranged at the level of the wrist.
  22. Footwear characterized in that it is equipped with the material according to one of Claims 1 to 18.
EP91903137A 1990-01-24 1991-01-14 Moisture absorbing and removing material and item of clothing provided with said material Expired - Lifetime EP0464182B1 (en)

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FR9000784 1990-01-24
FR9000784A FR2657234B1 (en) 1990-01-24 1990-01-24 MOISTURE ABSORPTION AND DISCHARGE DEVICE.
PCT/FR1991/000021 WO1991011123A1 (en) 1990-01-24 1991-01-14 Moisture absorbing and removing material and item of clothing provided with said material

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EP0464182B1 true EP0464182B1 (en) 1995-05-10

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EP (1) EP0464182B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04504598A (en)
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FR2657234A1 (en) 1991-07-26
FR2657234B1 (en) 1992-04-17
EP0464182A1 (en) 1992-01-08
US5378529A (en) 1995-01-03
DE69109546D1 (en) 1995-06-14
WO1991011123A1 (en) 1991-08-08
DE69109546T2 (en) 1995-09-28
ATE122214T1 (en) 1995-05-15
JPH04504598A (en) 1992-08-13

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