EP0461495A2 - Apparatus for guiding the beginning of a paper sheet from below to a roller - Google Patents

Apparatus for guiding the beginning of a paper sheet from below to a roller Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0461495A2
EP0461495A2 EP91108948A EP91108948A EP0461495A2 EP 0461495 A2 EP0461495 A2 EP 0461495A2 EP 91108948 A EP91108948 A EP 91108948A EP 91108948 A EP91108948 A EP 91108948A EP 0461495 A2 EP0461495 A2 EP 0461495A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
blowing
nozzles
beginning
roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91108948A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0461495A3 (en
EP0461495B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Joachim Fissmann
Hans Weiss
Hans-Albrecht Ruff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JM Voith GmbH
Original Assignee
JM Voith GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JM Voith GmbH filed Critical JM Voith GmbH
Publication of EP0461495A2 publication Critical patent/EP0461495A2/en
Publication of EP0461495A3 publication Critical patent/EP0461495A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0461495B1 publication Critical patent/EP0461495B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H20/00—Advancing webs
    • B65H20/14—Advancing webs by direct action on web of moving fluid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a device has become known from DE 38 20 846.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device that ensures a positive transport of the web upwards, with little equipment and with little adjustment effort of the individual parameters responsible for the aerodynamics of the blown air.
  • This roller is generally vacuumable.
  • the entire guidance of the blown air is extremely simple.
  • the blow nozzles are usually round bores or slots, in any case not flat jet nozzles, which achieve a laminar air flow.
  • the blowing effect of the nozzles is extremely effective and requires little air resistance. Due to the design according to the invention, the paper web floats on an air cushion, which is located between the paper web and guide plates. Sticking of the paper web to the guide plate is definitely avoided.
  • the drawing shows a device for guiding the beginning of a paper web 1 to the roller 2 of a rolling machine.
  • the guide plates 10 and 11 are inclined to the vertical.
  • the plate 11 is arranged steeper than the plate 10.
  • the plate 12 is finally arranged vertically, also the plate 13.
  • the plate 14 is curved and thus leads to a deflection of the web 1.
  • the plate 15 is finally inclined and runs in essentially tangential to the lateral surface of the roller 2.
  • plates 10 'and 11' can be arranged in order to convey the web upwards in another way.
  • the first two plates do not have to be inclined, but can run vertically.
  • blowing nozzle 21 is a turbulence-generating nozzle.
  • this nozzle is located at the transition between the last inclined plate and the first vertical plate. If all the guide plates are only arranged vertically, then this blowing element with the turbulence-generating blowing nozzles should be arranged approximately in the central region of the conveyor line, at least not too far from the beginning of the entire conveyor line.
  • the web is also guided by a number of guide rollers 30, 31, 33.
  • Two circular knives are provided, (not shown), one of which serves as a counter knife. These two circular knives can be used to make a longitudinal cut through the paper web.
  • An additional blowing member 25 serves to fix the paper web to the lateral surface of the roller 2.
  • the blow nozzles are best made from ordinary holes. These are best at a mutual distance of 1 to 20 cm, preferably 10 cm.
  • the holes have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm, ideally 1.5 mm.
  • a cable pull device 40 with guide rollers 41, 42 serves to raise and lower the insertion device.

Landscapes

  • Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
  • Advancing Webs (AREA)
  • Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Led Devices (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
  • Photographic Developing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Winding, Rewinding, Material Storage Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for guiding the beginning of a web of paper from below to a rolling machine roller, having a series of guide plates which guide the beginning of the web upwards and are arranged in an increasingly steep manner and finally vertically, seen in the running direction of the web, furthermore having blower members which each have a hollow body, arranged transversely to the running direction of the web, and a number of nozzles, arranged in the running direction of the web, and which - seen in the running direction of the web - are each arranged between two guide plates. The invention is characterised in that at least that blower member which is upstream of the first vertical plate in the running direction of the web, has nozzles which generate turbulence.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1. Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist aus DE 38 20 846 bekannt geworden.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a device has become known from DE 38 20 846.

Bei Rollmaschinen mit Bahnzufuhr von unten ist der Einzug einer neuen Papierbahn zeitaufwendig. Zum Erzielen optimaler Verhältnisse sind alle möglichen Betriebsparameter einstellbar, beispielsweise die Neigung der Führungsplatten, die Lage und Richtung der Blasorgane, und anderes mehr. Es ist bisher nicht gelungen, die Anordnung derart zu gestalten, daß sich eine einwandfreie Bahnführung ergibt. Führt man mit den bekannten Vorrichtungen Luft mit zu hoher Geschwindigkeit und in zu großen Mengen zu, so kommt es zum Flattern der Bahn und damit zu einem unkontrollierten Bahnlauf. Sind Geschwindigkeit oder Menge oder beides zu gering, so erfolgt kein positives Fördern der Bahn nach oben.In the case of roll machines with web feed from below, pulling in a new paper web is time-consuming. In order to achieve optimal conditions, all possible operating parameters can be set, for example the inclination of the guide plates, the position and direction of the blowing organs, and more. So far it has not been possible to design the arrangement in such a way that the web is guided properly. If air is supplied with the known devices at too high a speed and in too large quantities, the web will flutter and thus lead to an uncontrolled web run. If the speed or quantity or both are too low, there is no positive upward movement of the web.

Bei Vorrichtungen gemäß der eingangs genannten Entgegenhaltung DE 38 20 846 versuchte man, das Flattern durch laminare Schonung entlang der Oberfläche der einzelnen Führungsplatte zu unterbinden. Hierbei kommt es jedoch häufig zu einem Ankleben der Bahn an der Führungsplatte.In devices according to the document DE 38 20 846 mentioned at the outset, attempts were made to prevent fluttering by laminar protection along the surface of the individual guide plate. However, this is what happens often to stick the web to the guide plate.

Auch die Vorrichtungen gemäß DE 31 02 894 und gemäß DE 31 17 094 haben nicht befriedigt.The devices according to DE 31 02 894 and DE 31 17 094 have not been satisfactory either.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die einen positiven Transport der Bahn nach oben sicherstellt, und zwar bei geringem apparativen Aufwand und bei geringem Einstellaufwand der einzelnen, für die Aerodynamik der Blasluft verantwortlichem Parameter.The invention has for its object to provide a device that ensures a positive transport of the web upwards, with little equipment and with little adjustment effort of the individual parameters responsible for the aerodynamics of the blown air.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Hierdurch wird ein sicheres Anlegen des Bahnanfangs an die betreffende Walze der Rollmaschine erreicht. Diese Walze ist im allgemeinen besaugbar.This ensures that the start of the web is securely placed on the roller of the roll machine in question. This roller is generally vacuumable.

Die gesamte Führung der Blasluft ist höchst einfach gestaltet. Bei den Blasdüsen handelt es sich meist um Rundbohrungen oder um Schlitze, jedenfalls nicht um Flachstrahldüsen, die eine laminare Luftströmung erzielen. Die Blaswirkung der Düsen ist außerordentlich wirkungsvoll und erfordert geringen Luftwiderstand. Aufgrund der Gestaltung gemäß der Erfindung schwimmt die Papierbahn auf einem Luftpolster, das sich zwischen Papierbahn und Führungsplatten befindet. Ein Kleben der Papierbahn an der Führungsplatte wird mit Sicherheit vermieden.The entire guidance of the blown air is extremely simple. The blow nozzles are usually round bores or slots, in any case not flat jet nozzles, which achieve a laminar air flow. The blowing effect of the nozzles is extremely effective and requires little air resistance. Due to the design according to the invention, the paper web floats on an air cushion, which is located between the paper web and guide plates. Sticking of the paper web to the guide plate is definitely avoided.

Die Erfindung ist anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung stellt eine Vorrichtung zum Heranführen des Anfangs einer Papierbahn 1 an die Walze 2 einer Rollmaschine dar. Die Vorrichtung umfaßt eine Reihe von Führungsplatten 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 und 15. Diese sind jeweils derart angeordnet, daß zwischen zwei einander benachbarten Platten jeweils eine schlitzartige Öffnung verbleibt, die sich quer zur Laufrichtung der Papierbahn 1 (= Bahnlaufrichtung) erstreckt. Im Bereich dieser Öffnungen sind Blasorgane 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 angeordnet. Diese weisen Blasdüsen auf, deren Austrittsöffnungen mehr oder minder in Bahnlaufrichtung wirken. Die Düsen sind so gestaltet und angeordnet, daß die von ihnen erzeugte Luftströmung eine vorwiegend turbulente ist. Die Führungsplatten 10 und 11 sind gegen die Vertikale geneigt. Dabei ist die Platte 11 steiler angeordnet als die Platte 10. Die Platte 12 ist schließlich senkrecht angeordnet, außerdem die Platte 13. Die Platte 14 ist gekrümmt und führt somit zu einer Umlenkung der Bahn 1. Die Platte 15 ist schließlich geneigt, und verläuft im wesentlichen tangential zur Mantelfläche der Walze 2.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows a device for guiding the beginning of a paper web 1 to the roller 2 of a rolling machine. The device comprises a series of guide plates 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. These are each arranged such that between two adjacent plates each have a slit-like opening which extends transversely to the running direction of the paper web 1 (= web running direction). Blowing members 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 are arranged in the region of these openings. These have blowing nozzles, the outlet openings of which act more or less in the direction of web travel. The nozzles are designed and arranged so that the air flow they generate is predominantly turbulent. The guide plates 10 and 11 are inclined to the vertical. The plate 11 is arranged steeper than the plate 10. The plate 12 is finally arranged vertically, also the plate 13. The plate 14 is curved and thus leads to a deflection of the web 1. The plate 15 is finally inclined and runs in essentially tangential to the lateral surface of the roller 2.

Alternativ zu den Platten 10 und 11 können Platten 10' und 11' angeordnet sein, um die Bahn auf andere Weise nach oben zu fördern. Somit brauchen die beiden ersten Platten nicht geneigt zu sein, sondern können gleich senkrecht verlaufen.As an alternative to plates 10 and 11, plates 10 'and 11' can be arranged in order to convey the web upwards in another way. Thus, the first two plates do not have to be inclined, but can run vertically.

Wenn auch im vorliegenden Falle sämtliche Blasorgane mit turbulenzerzeugenden Blasdüsen ausgestattet sind, so muß dies nicht der Fall sein. Wichtig ist jedoch, daß die Blasdüse 21 eine turbulenzerzeugende Düse ist. Im vorliegenden Falle - Ausführung mit den Platten 10 und 11 - befindet sich diese Düse am Übergang zwischen der letzten geneigten Platte und der ersten senkrechten Platte. Sind alle Führungsplatten nur senkrecht angeordnet, so sollte dieses Blasorgan mit den turbulenzerzeugenden Blasdüsen etwa im mittleren Bereich der Förderstrecke angeordnet sein, jedenfalls nicht allzu weit vom Beginn der gesamten Förderstrecke.If in the present case all blowing organs are equipped with turbulence-generating blowing nozzles, this need not be the case. However, it is important that the blowing nozzle 21 is a turbulence-generating nozzle. In the present case - version with the plates 10 and 11 - this nozzle is located at the transition between the last inclined plate and the first vertical plate. If all the guide plates are only arranged vertically, then this blowing element with the turbulence-generating blowing nozzles should be arranged approximately in the central region of the conveyor line, at least not too far from the beginning of the entire conveyor line.

Wie man sieht, ist die Bahn außerdem noch durch eine Anzahl von Leitwalzen 30, 31, 33 geführt. Es sind zwei Kreismesser vorgesehen, (nicht dargestellt) von denen das eine als Gegenmesser dient. Mit diesen beiden Kreismessern läßt sich ein Längsschnitt durch die Papierbahn legen.As can be seen, the web is also guided by a number of guide rollers 30, 31, 33. Two circular knives are provided, (not shown), one of which serves as a counter knife. These two circular knives can be used to make a longitudinal cut through the paper web.

Ein zusätzliches Blasorgan 25 dient dem Fixieren der Papierbahn an der Mantelfläche der Walze 2.An additional blowing member 25 serves to fix the paper web to the lateral surface of the roller 2.

Die Blasdüsen sind am besten aus gewöhnlichen Bohrungen gebildet. Diese haben am besten einen gegenseitigen Abstand von 1 bis 20 cm, vorzugsweise 10 cm. Die Bohrungen haben einen Durchmesser von 1 bis 5 mm, am besten 1,5 mm.The blow nozzles are best made from ordinary holes. These are best at a mutual distance of 1 to 20 cm, preferably 10 cm. The holes have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm, ideally 1.5 mm.

Eine Seilzugvorrichtung 40 mit Leitwalzen 41, 42 dient dem Heben und Senken der Einführvorrichtung.A cable pull device 40 with guide rollers 41, 42 serves to raise and lower the insertion device.

Claims (9)

Vorrichtung zum Heranführen des Anfangs einer Papierbahn von unten her an eine Rollmaschinenwalze, mit einer Reihe von Führungeplatten, die den Bahnanfang nach oben führen und die in Bahnlaufrichtung gesehen zunehmend steiler und schließlich senkrecht angeordnet sind, ferner mit Blasorganen, die jeweils einen quer zur Bahnlaufrichtung angeordneten Hohlkörper sowie eine Anzahl von in Bahnlaufrichtung angeordneten Düsen aufweisen, und die - in Bahnlaufrichtung gesehen - jeweils zwischen zwei Führungsplatten angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dasjenige Blasorgan, das der in Bahnlaufrichtung ersten senkrechten Platt (12) vorgeschaltet ist, turbulenzerzeugende Düsen (21) aufweist.Device for guiding the beginning of a paper web from below to a rolling machine roller, with a series of guide plates which guide the beginning of the web upwards and which, viewed in the direction of web travel, are increasingly steeper and finally arranged vertically, and also with blowing elements, each arranged transversely to the web travel direction Have hollow bodies and a number of nozzles arranged in the direction of web travel, and which - as seen in the direction of web travel - are each arranged between two guide plates, characterized in that the blowing member which is connected upstream of the first vertical plate (12) in the direction of web travel produces turbulence-generating nozzles (21). having. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Blasdüsen aus Bohrungen bestehen.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the blowing nozzles consist of bores. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen zwei einander benachbarten Blasdüsen eine schlitzartige Öffnung mit einer Weite von zwischen einem und 20 mm, vorzugsweise 5 mm, vorgesehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a slot-like opening with a width of between one and 20 mm, preferably 5 mm, is provided between two adjacent blowing nozzles. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlkörper des einzelnen Blasorganes (20-24) aus einer Blaskammer besteht, und daß die Blasdüsen aus Schlitzen bestehen, die sich senkrecht oder parallel zur Bahnlaufrichtung erstrecken, und eine Länge von 0,2 bis 2 mm, vorzugsweise 0,5 mm, haben.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hollow body of the individual blowing member (20-24) consists of a blowing chamber and that the blowing nozzles consist of slots which extend perpendicular or parallel to the web running direction and a length of 0 , 2 to 2 mm, preferably 0.5 mm. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Endbereich der Förderstrecke ein Blasorgan (25) zum Anlegen des Bahnanfangs an die Walze (2) vorgesehen ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a blowing member (25) is provided in the end region of the conveying section for placing the start of the web on the roller (2). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schlitzartigen Öffnungen zwischen zwei einander benachbarten Blasdüsen unterbrochen sind.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the slot-like openings between two adjacent blowing nozzles are interrupted. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schlitzlänge zwischen 50 und 150 mm beträgt, vorzugsweise 100 mm.Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the slot length is between 50 and 150 mm, preferably 100 mm. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis der Öffnungsfläche der Düsen zur Querschnittsfläche der Blaskammern 1:1 bis 1:3, vorzugsweise 1:2 beträgt.Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ratio of the opening area of the nozzles to the cross-sectional area of the blow chambers is 1: 1 to 1: 3, preferably 1: 2. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Winkel zwischen Luftstrahl und Leitblech 0 - 15°, vorzugsweise 10°, beträgt.Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the angle between the air jet and the baffle is 0 - 15 °, preferably 10 °.
EP91108948A 1990-06-13 1991-05-31 Apparatus for guiding the beginning of a paper sheet from below to a roller Expired - Lifetime EP0461495B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4018883 1990-06-13
DE4018883A DE4018883C1 (en) 1990-06-13 1990-06-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0461495A2 true EP0461495A2 (en) 1991-12-18
EP0461495A3 EP0461495A3 (en) 1992-02-26
EP0461495B1 EP0461495B1 (en) 1994-12-21

Family

ID=6408317

Family Applications (1)

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EP91108948A Expired - Lifetime EP0461495B1 (en) 1990-06-13 1991-05-31 Apparatus for guiding the beginning of a paper sheet from below to a roller

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5354007A (en)
EP (1) EP0461495B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3165177B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE115941T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2044483C (en)
DE (2) DE4018883C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2065580T3 (en)
FI (1) FI106449B (en)
NO (1) NO178758C (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4215022C2 (en) * 1992-05-07 1995-10-12 Bullmer Spezialmaschinen Gmbh Fabric laying machine with a laying trolley
DE9414449U1 (en) * 1994-09-06 1996-01-11 Beloit Technologies, Inc., Wilmington, Del. Winding machine
DE19502240C3 (en) * 1995-01-25 2003-10-09 Wifag Maschf Method and device for drawing in a web of printing material in web-fed rotary printing
US5679206A (en) * 1995-02-28 1997-10-21 The James River Corporation Of Virginia Apparatus and method for separating a tail from rolled material
DE19913219A1 (en) * 1999-03-24 2000-09-28 Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent Method and device for threading a material web onto a reel
DE102008000745A1 (en) 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 Voith Patent Gmbh Material web e.g. paper web, guiding device for paper or cardboard web winding machine of rotary slitting machine, has nozzles that are formed and arranged such that partial turbulent fluid flow is generated
US10071871B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2018-09-11 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Air knife configured to improve rolling of paper product

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT253912B (en) * 1961-12-02 1967-04-25 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method and device for stabilizing a web of material carried by a flowing gaseous medium
EP0140816A1 (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-05-08 Crown Zellerbach Corporation Pneumatic conveyor system for flexible webs
EP0253392A1 (en) * 1986-07-17 1988-01-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus of non-contact conveyance of a web
DE3820846C2 (en) * 1988-06-21 1990-03-29 Jagenberg Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De

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US1338094A (en) * 1920-04-27 Paper-making
US3756527A (en) * 1970-10-29 1973-09-04 Du Pont Method of and apparatus for threading a web of plastic film onto a windup roll and winding it thereon
US3764085A (en) * 1971-08-16 1973-10-09 Du Pont Method of and apparatus for handling material
US3873013A (en) * 1973-10-04 1975-03-25 Tec Systems High velocity web floating air bar having center exhaust means
DE3102894C2 (en) * 1981-01-29 1983-01-20 Jagenberg-Werke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Device for the separate winding of lengthways divided webs
DE3117094A1 (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-18 Jagenberg-Werke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf TRAIN INITIAL DEVICE ON WRAPPING MACHINES
FI62695C (en) * 1981-05-15 1983-02-10 Valmet Oy PAPER MACHINERY FOR PAPER MACHINERY AND PAPER MACHINERY
FI78528C (en) * 1988-01-26 1989-08-10 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc FOERFARANDE OCH ANORDNING FOER STYRNING AV PAPPERSBANANS SPETSDRAGNINGSBAND FRAON PRESSENS SLAETYTADE VALS ELLER MOTSVARANDE.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT253912B (en) * 1961-12-02 1967-04-25 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method and device for stabilizing a web of material carried by a flowing gaseous medium
EP0140816A1 (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-05-08 Crown Zellerbach Corporation Pneumatic conveyor system for flexible webs
EP0253392A1 (en) * 1986-07-17 1988-01-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus of non-contact conveyance of a web
DE3820846C2 (en) * 1988-06-21 1990-03-29 Jagenberg Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf, De

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2044483C (en) 1999-01-12
FI912114A (en) 1991-12-14
NO912212D0 (en) 1991-06-10
FI106449B (en) 2001-02-15
DE4018883C1 (en) 1991-10-10
EP0461495A3 (en) 1992-02-26
DE59103962D1 (en) 1995-02-02
FI912114A0 (en) 1991-04-30
CA2044483A1 (en) 1991-12-14
JP3165177B2 (en) 2001-05-14
NO912212L (en) 1991-12-16
EP0461495B1 (en) 1994-12-21
NO178758C (en) 1996-05-29
ATE115941T1 (en) 1995-01-15
JPH04323153A (en) 1992-11-12
ES2065580T3 (en) 1995-02-16
NO178758B (en) 1996-02-19
US5354007A (en) 1994-10-11

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