EP0459308B1 - Collecting and compacting device for refuse - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for collecting and compacting waste, with a collection and compression space enclosed by side walls, a counter plate and a translationally movably driven pressing plate and with a movably arranged loading door for loading the collecting space with waste. Such a device is shown in GB-A-2 129 328.

Some compactors are already known, with which waste can either be pressed directly into the disposal container, for example a garbage bag, and then removed; or the waste first pressed and then placed in a container for transport in the pressed state. Without crushing the waste materials beforehand, a kind of stamp or pressure plate presses on the material to be pressed, generally in a vertical working direction from top to bottom. In the first alternative, if the waste is pressed directly into a sack, there is the disadvantage, in particular with household waste, that hygiene is not guaranteed properly, because on the one hand moisture remains in the sack, and on the other hand this sack can be damaged and slit open when the waste materials are pressed together be so that moisture can get into the rooms below.

In the other variant, if the waste materials are first pressed and then placed in a container in this state, there is the considerable disadvantage that inhomogeneous waste cannot be eliminated in this way, in particular not with different particle sizes and wet material. Prepressing and then strapping are generally only used for dry, soft and homogeneous waste materials, e.g. Textiles, paper, plastics or the like.

The object of the invention is therefore to improve a device of the type mentioned in that it enables automatic operation with greater hygiene with a compact and practical structure.

This object is achieved in that the side walls of the collection and compression space are formed from a series of parallel to each other and fixed with their rear end to a holding plate, each of which has a larger external dimension (e.g. diameter) than the distance from the adjacent one Have sieve bar and extend together with their free front end to the counter plate and that the press plate is movably arranged in the space between the counter plate and the holding plate and has holes corresponding to the number of sieve rods through which the sieve rods pass.

Inhomogeneous waste materials, such as those found in canteen kitchens, canteens, restorations, etc., can also advantageously be collected and automatically disposed of, even if they are moist and wet. The user only needs to open the loading door, throw the waste into the collecting room and, if necessary, close it again. He can repeat this process until the collecting room is visibly largely filled with the uncompressed waste. In order to then create empty space in the collecting space, the press plate can be put into operation either automatically or by pressing a button, which pushes the waste material into the compression space and compresses it to a certain degree. The drive energy is controlled either automatically or manually, e.g. via an electric motor, switched on in such a way that the press plate always returns to its zero position, releasing the compression and collection space, when the compressed waste materials only partially and at least not completely fill the compression space. Then, even after such operation of the press plate, waste materials can be thrown through the loading door into the collecting space through repeated loading operations until such a quantity of waste is finally deposited in the device that a predetermined minimum space of the compression space is filled with compressed waste materials during the last compression stroke of the press plate is.

Then the compressed waste materials are emptied, which can be done again automatically at the push of a button or, if necessary.

The design of the side walls of both the collecting space and the compression space in the form of sieve bars not only results in a simple and compact structure of the device, but also automatic operation with greater hygiene is possible. In the construction described here, there is a gap-like spacing between side-by-side sieve bars, which is smaller than the outer dimensions of the sieve bars, so that even with waste with a high proportion of moisture hygienic compacting and disposal is possible. During compaction, the moisture components of the waste pass down approximately vertically through the gaps between the sieve bars, while, like with a sieve, the dry components of the waste materials remain in the compression chamber for as long as the side walls formed from the sieve rods in their starting position around the collection and compression chamber remain.

As in the case of already known compactors, compression takes place by moving a pressure plate against a counter plate, the waste materials located between them being subjected to predetermined compression pressures.

The construction of the device according to the invention is particularly expedient because the sieve rods are fastened to a holding plate which is arranged outside the space between the counter plate and the pressing plate and can even be driven in a movable manner in a particular first embodiment of the invention.

Namely, when the compression space is filled with compacted waste, in this first embodiment, while holding the press plate so that the compacted press cake remains jammed, the movable holding plate with the sieve rods attached to it with its rear end is moved back so far from its zero position, namely relative to Press plate and counter plate moved that the side walls around the press cake are removed. The holding plate pulls its sieve bars through holes in the press plate, which advantageously cleans the sieve bars, because waste materials adhering to them are simply stripped off the press plate because the holes are only so large that the sieve bars are pulled smoothly can, but not could adhere to these adhering waste materials through the press plate.

After the compression chamber has been released by the sieve bars, the press plate only needs to be withdrawn by a small amount to be so that the clamping effect on the press cake is released so that the press cake then falls out of the compression space.

In another second preferred embodiment, the emptying is similarly cheap, only the holding plate is not movable there but is attached to the frame of the device in a stationary manner. In this second embodiment, if the compression space is filled with compacted waste, the vertically displaceable counterplate is moved vertically upward from its compacting position, so that the presscake is pushed into a space behind the counterplate which is now moved upward when the press plate is moved further. Either the press cake immediately falls down from the space behind the compression space, i.e. behind the counterplate, which has been moved upwards, down into a container below; or if the press cake gets stuck in this space behind the compression space, the press cake is finally ejected vertically downwards by lowering the counter plate with an ejector attached to it at the bottom. Here it can be pushed or dropped over slides or directly into appropriately arranged containers.

In an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, the sieve bars run horizontally, forming a sieve pan open at the top under the loading door, and the holding plate, press plate and counterplate lie in planes arranged perpendicular to the sieve bars. As a result, the construction of such a device is more practical and compact. Despite the semi-automatic or, for example, fully automatic emptying of the compact with possibly partially or fully automatic operation, a small size is achieved in this way, although a high disposal performance is guaranteed. For example, the compression volume in the compression chamber can be approximately 20 liters with the overall length of the entire device of approximately 1.75 m, a maximum overall height of 90 cm and a maximum width of 64.5 cm. Such a structure leads to the "table format", which means that the entire device has a low overall height, namely the standardized height of tables in kitchens or restaurants, so that the device according to the invention can be attached to other processing stations, for example dishwashers. The whole pressing process runs in this construction in the horizontal direction, because the press plate also moves in the horizontal direction against the counter plate, which is stationary in the first embodiment, and after compaction has been completed, the press cake for this first embodiment can be withdrawn from the sieve bars Side walls in the direction of gravity fall down into a space provided for this purpose when the clamping force is released by pulling back the press plate. In the second embodiment, the compacted press cake is moved into the space behind the counterplate which has been moved vertically upwards, where the compact is then also removed in the manner already described above.

For this purpose, it is now particularly expedient if, according to the invention, a waste container is removably arranged under the compression chamber with the screen trough. For example, a tub or other suitable container movably mounted on rollers can be locked under the compression space, so that the press cake in the operation described above can fall directly into the waste container and be removed therefrom after compacting and retracting the cold plate, while the inventive one The rest of the device has already been returned to normal use. In the second embodiment, this tub, which is mounted on rollers or a correspondingly differently designed container, can be arranged behind the compression chamber in the space under the ejector and can be locked in the same way as in the first embodiment under the compression chamber.

It is also particularly advantageous if, according to the invention, a drip tray under the compression and collection space is attached to the holding plate with the sieve rods. The at Compression of the waste material with a high wet content can then drop down through the gaps between the sieve bars and drip onto the drip tray and be led from there into a drain. Although the drip tray provided according to the invention also engages under the compression space, in the first embodiment it moves with the return movement of the holding plate with the sieve bars, so that the compression space with the press cake held in it is completely free at the bottom and after releasing the jam by briefly withdrawing it Press plate can actually fall into the open or into a waste container underneath. In the second embodiment, the compression takes place only in the compression space, which is covered by the drip tray. Because the press cake is pushed out of the compression chamber for emptying, in this second embodiment the drip tray does not have to be moved but is attached there in a stationary manner.

It is also particularly expedient if, according to the invention, the sieve rods are round on the outside and preferably have a circular cross section. This favors drainage through the spaces between the sieve bars. Even the hardest parts and broken glass can slide over the round bars or round tubes. If, on the other hand, drainage was carried out via a sieve, hard and sharp-edged parts would wear out due to canting in the holes. According to the invention, this is not to be feared in the embodiment proposed here.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the drive devices for the pressing and / or holding plate are arranged axially outside the compression and collecting space behind the pressing plate in the direction of displacement, and the drive devices have drive spindles arranged in a drive space and running parallel to one another, on which with the movable ones Plates connected washers are slidable. This further favors the practical and compact structure. Above was of the appropriate height spoken, in which the approximately horizontal and approximately flat upper surfaces of the device at the height of the loading door (in the case of the first embodiment) match the usual and standardized table height. As a result, the device according to the invention can be attached to other machine devices in a kitchen or a restaurant.

It is in principle possible in the device according to the invention to press the press plate from a lateral drive, e.g. to the side outside of the compression area. This could provide the device with an even shorter overall length. However, the depth of the device could become undesirably large, and the depth is usually also standardized, but there is space for drive units in the overall length of the device. Therefore, in the particularly preferred embodiment considered here, an axial drive is provided outside the compression space behind the press plate. A further advantage results from this, namely the complete spatial separation of the drive space from the wet space, which lies approximately in the compression and travel range of the press and holding plate. This allows hygiene to be kept very high.

Also in that, according to the invention, in a preferred embodiment, the drive spindles are covered by coaxial cover tubes and are held on a rear wall, behind which a transmission space is arranged axially, hygiene can be set at a high level and can be considerably improved compared to conventional machines. It could happen, for example, in the case of the first embodiment, that when the rod body is pulled back, ie the holding plate with the sieve rods attached to it, shredded waste residues with the rods reach the drive space through the holes in the press plate. After a long period of operation, it is therefore expedient to fold up and clean the drive area by folding up a cleaning door, which, for example, overlaps the wet area and the drive area - lying horizontally at the top, without the need there spindles in contact with the spray water. In the case of the second embodiment, cleaning takes place somewhat differently, as will be described in more detail below. Because the holding plate is fixed there, only the pressing plate is moved away from the holding plate, and water injected with a hose can then flush out dirt through an opening located under a cover, even if this dirt had accumulated between the stationary holding plate and the movable pressing plate . A trough located under the said opening catches the dirt and allows it to be drained away.

The gaps between the holes in the press plate and the sieve bars, which can be moved relative to the press plate, can have a width of only 0.1 mm, for example, so that no solids adhere to the sieve bars while improving hygiene. Rather, such a narrow gap between the sieve rods and the holes in the pressure plate ensures that, although a good displacement of the sieve rods through the pressure plate is possible, the sieve rods can nevertheless be cleaned with each stroke by wiping off any adhering waste materials.

In the particularly preferred first embodiment of the invention, the total length of the device is approximately 2.5 times the length of the compression and collection space, i.e. Even with an axially arranged drive, the length of the drive space and the gear space located outside it axially behind the cold wall for the spindles is in a reasonable dimensioning relationship to the wet space, i.e. the compression and collection area.

With the device according to the invention, the most varied types of moist and wet waste materials can be collected, compacted and removed, as they occur in restorations of all types, ie the device according to the invention allows the compaction and dewatering of completely inhomogeneous waste, for example Food waste of all kinds, disposable tableware, paste waste, glassware, metal goods, such as aluminum cans, soft tin cans, metal cutlery, etc., as well as paper goods, serviettes, plastics of all types and shapes and also packaging material. Despite everything, there is a high level of operational reliability with low susceptibility to faults. A compression ratio of 1: 4 to 1: 8 can be achieved depending on the kind of the waste, and the whole device can be manufactured at a low cost.

With the rod body, i.e. The sieve rods attached to the holding plate, which form the side walls arranged in a U-shaped cross section, are provided according to the invention to configure the distance between two adjacent sieve rods between 1 mm and 7 mm, preferably with a size of 1 to 5 mm.

The entire structure of the device is designed so that hardly any edges, corners or cavities are provided in the wet area, so that advantageously no perishable residues can adhere to the machine parts but can simply be rinsed off. Both the collecting area and the compression area are easily accessible from the outside for cleaning and maintenance.

It is also advantageous according to the invention if, for the first embodiment mentioned, the sieve bars are drivable in a longitudinally displaceable manner via the movable holding plate in such a way that their free front end can be moved up to the stationary counter plate, and that the pressing plate is movable relative to the counter plate and holding plate is. In this first embodiment, with the holding plate held in place, the press plate is first moved back and forth between the holding plate and the counter plate in order to carry out the various compaction work until the press cake occupies the entire compression space. In the second stage of operation, when the pressure plate is in a position, for example in the border area between the collecting space and the compression space, the holding plate together with the sieve bars moves in the other direction away from the compression space namely to virtually remove the holder through the sieve pan from the press cake located in the compression chamber so that the press cake can fall down. After emptying, the holding plate moves back so far that the free front ends of the sieve bars come to rest against the stationary counterplate, and then the pressing plate can compact the loaded waste again in the first pressing process.

For this embodiment, it is also expedient if the loading door is pivoted on the upper wall of the device. The top wall is closed all the time and is opened by swinging open this loading door for the introduction of waste materials.

In the second preferred embodiment, it is provided according to the invention that the holding plate with the sieve bars attached to it is fixedly attached to the frame and the counterplate can be moved vertically. This second embodiment differs from the first in that the holding plate with sieve bars remains stationary over all operating stages. As a result, the drive in particular can be simplified. The emptying space is located behind the vertically movable counter plate, and the waste container mentioned above is located just below this emptying space.

It is also expedient if, according to the invention, for this second embodiment the loading door is provided at the inner end of a hopper and can be moved horizontally. The top wall of the entire device in the second embodiment has a somewhat greater length and approximately a hole in the central region, from which a funnel extends downwards into a lower region of the machine, which is closed by the loading door mentioned. A suitable control lever device ensures the horizontal displacement of this loading door, which can be opened when the machine is at a standstill, so that the user can fill waste material into the collecting container. Although it would also be possible to click on the closed one Lowering the loading door of certain waste materials into the funnel, but for reasons of hygiene and odor, it is generally preferred to open the loading door after filling waste materials into the funnel, so that the waste materials also immediately fall down into the collecting container. The loading door is then brought horizontally back into the closed position so that the emission of undesirable odors is reduced, if not prevented.

Figur 1

perspektivisch die gesamte Außenansicht der Sammel- und Verdichtungsvorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit auf Rollen verfahrbarem Abfallbehälter,

Figur 2

eine vertikale Querschnittsansicht durch die Vorrichtung nach Figur 1,

Figur 3

eine vertikale Querschnittsansicht entlang der Linie III-III in Figur 2,

Figur 4

eine vertikale Querschnittsansicht entlang der Linie IV-IV in den Figuren 2 und 5,

Figur 5

eine Draufsicht auf die gesamte Vorrichtung,

Figur 6

eine vertikale Querschnittsansicht einer Vorrichtung nach der zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung entlang der Linie VI-VI der Figur 8,

Figur 7

eine vertikale Längsschnittansicht dieser zweiten Ausführungsform ähnlich der Figur 2 der ersten Ausführungsform, wobei allerdings die Antriebs- und Getriebeteile weggelassen sind, und

Figur 8

eine Draufsicht auf die teilweise oben abgeschnittene Vorrichtung entlang der Linie VIII-VIII der Figur 7.

Further advantages, features and possible uses of the present invention result from the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. Show it:

Figure 1

in perspective the entire external view of the collecting and compacting device according to a first embodiment of the invention with a waste container that can be moved on rollers,

Figure 2

2 shows a vertical cross-sectional view through the device according to FIG. 1,

Figure 3

3 shows a vertical cross-sectional view along the line III-III in FIG. 2,

Figure 4

3 shows a vertical cross-sectional view along the line IV-IV in FIGS. 2 and 5,

Figure 5

a plan view of the entire device,

Figure 6

4 shows a vertical cross-sectional view of a device according to the second embodiment of the invention along the line VI-VI in FIG. 8,

Figure 7

a vertical longitudinal sectional view of this second embodiment similar to Figure 2 of the first embodiment, but with the drive and transmission parts are omitted, and

Figure 8

a plan view of the partially cut off device along the line VIII-VIII of Figure 7.

The device for collecting and compacting waste illustrated here in the drawings is in perspective for the first embodiment can be seen particularly clearly from FIG. 1. The compact design allows the device to be attached to adjacent devices, such as dishwashers or the like, which are indicated by dashed lines on the right and left. The device, which is first described for the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 5, closes at the same, the so-called table height, with the upper wall 1 lying in the horizontal plane, from which the cleaning door 2 and within it in turn the loading door 3 are pivoted up can be. The loading door 3 can also be seen from the top view in FIG. 5 and in the cross-sectional view in FIG. 4. After opening the lock 4, the loading door 3 can be pivoted about hinges 6 with the aid of the arm 5. It can be seen that the dimensions of the loading door and also the cleaning door, as well as the hinges 6 of the loading door and the hinges 7 of the cleaning door 2 are provided with somewhat different dimensions than in the embodiment of FIG. 1, which is only intended to indicate the basic function in perspective. While the loading door 3 is arranged above the collecting space s in both embodiments, in the schematic representation of FIG. 1 the cleaning door 2 extends only over the collecting space s and the compression space v, that is to say over the entire wet space, while in the other embodiment it extends over the entire top surface extends.

Under the horizontal, flat top wall 1 there is the drive and gear compartment in the right third, the collection space s is in the middle third under the loading door 3, and the compression space is in the left third, which in turn is only a small (preferably half) height of the The entire device has, starting from the top wall 1 to the dividing line between the compression space v and the waste container 8 located underneath. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, this is set up on a roller carriage 9 which is opened via U-shaped rails 10 which are open at the top these rails reaching into guide parts 11 can be precisely positioned and locked.

Both the collecting space s and the compression space v, that is to say the entire wet space, are surrounded in the zero and compression position of the holding plate 12 by side walls 13 arranged in a U-shaped cross section, which are formed from a series of sieve bars 14 running parallel to one another and horizontally . At its rear end 14 ', the sieve rods 14 are fastened to the holding plate 12 and project to the left according to FIG. with their front ends 14˝ freely towards the stationary counter plate 15. In the compression position, they can rest against this counter plate 15 or they are at a short distance from this. In operation, of course, the holding plate 12 can be moved back from the starting or zero position shown in FIG. 2, namely in the position for the compression, in the direction of the drive space a, namely to the extent that the front ends 14˝ of the sieve bars 14 at the limit lie between the compression space v and the collecting space s, where approximately one edge of the loading door 3 also lies.

Outside the wet space, which is composed of the compression space v and the collecting space s, namely axially behind the pressure plate 16, the drive space a begins, behind which the transmission space g begins in a further axial extension behind a wall 17 and in turn ends at the right end of the device . The gearbox is characterized by shafts, pulleys and gears. The drive room is characterized by drive spindles.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show two different groups of drives. The flow of force for the pressure plate 16 begins on the motor 18 with the large pulley 19. A large toothed belt pulley 21 is driven via V-belts 20, the drive shaft 22 of which drives the output shafts 23 arranged in a triangle around it according to the cross section of FIG. 4 with the associated gear wheels 24 of the spindles 25 drives. On the drive-side rear side of the press plate 16, three drive spindles 25 are thus arranged, on which the threaded disks 26 are driven in a translationally displaceable manner in the direction of the double arrow 27.

The situation is similar for the force flow of the holding plate 12. From the motor 28 with the small pulley 29, the force is passed via the V-belt 30 to the V-belt pulley 31, of the drive shaft 32 of which, in a manner not shown in detail here, three likewise a triangle in cross section clamping spindles 33 can be driven. Here, too, threaded washers 34 are displaceable in the direction of the double arrow 27 toward the wet area or toward the gear area g.

All six drive spindles 25, 33 are covered by cover tubes 35, which are designed as double tubes, so that one cover tube of the respective pair is attached to the holding plate 12 or the pressure plate 16 on the rear side, while the respective other cover tube of the respective pair is on the opposite side is attached to a rear wall 17. The drive spindles 25, 33 and also the front ends of the gear parts are fastened to this, e.g. Drive shafts 22, 32, etc.

In Figure 2, the washers 34 of the associated drive spindles 33 for driving the support plate 12 are in the leftmost or forward position, i.e. that is, at the front end of the drive spindles 33, which shows that the holding plate 12 in the illustration in FIG. 2 is arranged in the position which is furthest to the left or forward. This is the zero or starting position in which the sieve bars 14 encompass both the collecting space s and the compression space v in a U-shaped cross section, as shown in FIG. 3. This results in a sieve pan 37 which is open at the top and which therefore forms the side walls 13 of the compression space v, among other things.

FIG. 3 also shows that outside of this sieve pan 37 there is an inclined wall 38 on the outside, which in cross section defines a housing which widens downwards and ensures that through the gap 39 between adjacent sieve rods 14 liquid that passes through is collected and directed downwards.

Under the sieve trough 37 there is a drip trough 39 which engages under both the compression (v) and collecting space (s), which is attached to the holding plate 12 and passes obliquely inclined downwards via a funnel 40 with outlet 41. The left front end of the drip tray 39 can be retracted during the return stroke of the holding plate 12 in the direction to the right according to double arrow 27 as well as the front end 14˝ of the sieve bars 14 to the right up to the boundary between the compression space and the collecting space.

While the drip tray 39 moves relative to the, for example, stationary press plate 16 at a distance below it, in the case of the return movement of the sieve rods 14, these are pulled or pushed through the holes 42 of the press plate 16 indicated by dashed lines.

On the other hand, if the holding plate 12 with the sieve rods 14 and drip tray 39 attached to it is in the starting position and the press plate 16 is moved in the direction of the double arrow 27 by a corresponding drive, then the holes 42 also slide over the sieve rods 14 which then remain stationary.

In operation, the user opens the loading door 3 and fills waste material into the collecting space s until it is approximately 3/4 full. Then a first compression takes place, after which the press plate 16 moves back to its starting position. It is loaded again and compressed again until the press cake occupies approximately the compression space v.

The compression takes place under ancestor of the pressure plate 16 relative to the holding plate 12 and the sieve bars 14 from the right zero position shown in Figure 2 in the left with 16 'designated compression position. When the pressure on the sieve bars through this final compression becomes relatively large, these rods 14 are also supported by the holes 42, so that the leverage is so small that there is no fear of the sieve rods bending. The press cake remains in the position 16 'of the press plate, so that it does not fall out even when the holding plate 12 with the sieve bars 14 is pulled back to the right until the double tubes 35 have completely moved into one another around the drive spindles 36 and the holding plate 12 has reached its rearmost position, in which the front ends 14 'of the sieve bars 14 are located approximately in the region of the press plate 16' moved forward. The drip tray 39 then moved back in the same way, so that the area under the compression space v is free. If the press plate 16 'is now retracted by about 10 to 20 cm to the right in the direction of the double arrow 27, the clamping action on the press cake is released and this can fall down into the collecting container 8. The compression area is now empty.

The holding plate 12 is moved again to the left in the direction of the double arrow 27, while the press plate 16 is withdrawn from the front position 16 'in the rear zero position. The collection and gradual compression process can then be repeated.

For maintenance and cleaning, the cleaning door 2 is unlocked via its locks 45 (FIG. 5) and folded up around the hinges 7. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, collecting space s and compression space v are then free for cleaning from above. In the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 5, the entire space is then open at the top over the length L of the device. You can now also spray the drive compartment a and remove any waste residues. The gear compartment g will expediently remain covered or be closed by a separate housing which is only opened for maintenance purposes.

The second embodiment is explained with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. The drive of the press plate, the length of the overall device and other measures which are configured in the second embodiment in the same way as in the first embodiment are not described again here. Similar reference numbers are additionally marked with the letter "a". Thus, the device according to the second embodiment also shows an upper wall 1a, in which, however, in the area of a filling funnel 50 there is an opening which cannot be closed at the top. If one again looks at the direction of movement of the pressing plate 16a according to the double arrow 27a and thinks this as the longitudinal direction of the device, then in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 6 on the right half one sees the longitudinal wall of the filling funnel 50, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the device, while FIG. 7 shows the two transverse walls of the funnel 50 which extend obliquely to it in the transverse direction. The hopper 50 has a wide, ie larger opening at the top of the top wall 1 and a smaller opening at the bottom in the area of the loading door 3a. The collecting space s adjoins vertically downward under the loading door 3a which can be moved horizontally in the direction of the arrow 27a. In FIG. 7, the compression space v can be seen to the left, which ends at the left end in the area of the counterplate 15a. The counter plate can be moved up and down vertically in the direction of the double arrow 51. In FIG. 7, this vertically movable counter plate 15a is shown with dashed lines in dashed lines at the bottom in the compression position, where one can also see the ejector 52 which is applied as a plate perpendicular to it. A stiffening rib 53 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 firmly connects the counter plate 15a and the ejector 52 and can be moved up and down with them. In addition to the central stiffening rib 52, two outer stiffening ribs 53b (FIG. 8) can also be provided.

The drive for the counter plate 15a can be seen in the left half of FIG. 6. A gear 54 engages in a toothed rack 55, which is fastened to the counter plate 15a, on both sides, although in the illustration of FIG. 6 this drive is only used looks on the left. It is understood, however, that the gear 54 is also in relation to the vertical center line 6 is mirror-inverted on the right. In Figure 7, the uppermost position of the counter plate 15a with the stiffening rib 53 is shown with dash-dotted lines. In this position, the ejector 52 is approximately at the level of the section line VIII-VIII, so that the space above the waste container 8a is free and open.

A guide is designated by 56, so that the counter plate 15a is guided precisely during its vertical movement according to the double arrow 51.

To open the loading door 3a, the user moves a handle 56, by means of which he is able to turn the axis 57. 6 shows in the right half how a tilting movement of the handle 56 with respect to the approximately horizontally arranged axis 57 is possible via a bracket 58, if necessary also a removal and plugging in, and it is also the bushing 59 in FIG Bearing of the axis 57 shown, other parts that are better described with reference to FIG. 7 are essential for the control for opening and closing the loading door 3a.

The loading door 3a can be moved in the horizontal direction, ie in the above-defined longitudinal direction of the device according to double arrow 27a, via rollers 60 (shifted right position 60 '). In the closed position, when the loading door 3a is under the funnel 50, is in the position indicated by solid lines in FIG. There is shown a fastening tab 61 on the left, which recurs twice next to it on the right. But it is the same tab 61, only that it is right next to it in an intermediate position 61 'and on the far right in dashed lines in an end position 61˝. On the mounting bracket 61, a long lever 63 is articulated on the axis of rotation 62, which is also shown in two further positions, namely in the middle position 63 'shown with the dash-dotted line and the end position 63˝ shown with the dashed lines on the right. That long lever has at its extreme right end a further pivot axis 64, which is designated 64 'in the middle position and 64˝ in the right end position. On this pivot axis 64, a short lever 65 is articulated, the middle position shown with dash-dotted lines can be seen at 65 'and in the right dashed position at 65 bei. The outer lower end of this short lever 65 is in turn articulated on the axis 57.

This lever mechanism with the two levers 63 and 65 serves to move the loading door 3a from the left initial position of FIG. 7, which is shown with solid lines, to the right end position, which is shown in FIG. 7 with dashed lines. The initial position is the closed position and the final position is the open position of the horizontally displaceable loading door 3a. By turning the handle 56 and thus the axis 57, the short lever 65 and the long lever 63 are moved according to the curved arrow 66 from left to right such that the pivot axis 64 is rotated about the central position 64 'in the end position 64 End. As a result, the fastening tab 61 is shifted from the position shown on the left in solid lines to the end position 61˝ shown on the right with dashed lines.

Working with the device according to the second embodiment of the invention according to FIGS. 6 to 8 is now carried out in such a way that the loading door 3a is opened in the manner just described, waste is poured into the collecting space within the sieve trough 37a and then the loading door 3a is pushed back in again becomes. The press plate 16a, which moves to the left in the direction of the double arrow 27a, then moves the waste material into the compression space v, where it remains compacted. The movable press plate 16a moves again to the right into the starting position shown in FIG. 7. This filling continues until the waste materials have essentially filled the compression space v in the compressed state. This can be measured using the position of the press plate. Then the device is ready to discharge in automatic mode. The press cake is then emptied. This is done in such a way that the counterplate 15a is raised in the direction of the double arrow 51 upward into the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 7 by rotating the gear wheels 54. Moving the press plate 16a further to the left shifts the press cake into the space behind the counter plate 15a, which has now been moved away. This space is open at the bottom, so that the press cake can generally fall directly into the container 8a. Should it get stuck, it is pressed downward in the direction of the double arrow 51 by lowering the counter plate 15a and thus also the ejector 52 and in this way falls into the waste container 8a. The counterplate 15a is then again in the position shown in solid lines in FIG. The press plate 16a moves back to its initial position and the filling process or use of the device can be repeated in the same way.

Liquids expressed by the pressing process flow into trays 39a, 40a and the drain as in the first embodiment described above.

Claims (13)

1. Device for collection and compaction of rubbish, with a collection (s) and compaction space (v) enclosed by side walls (13; 13a), a counter plate (15; 15a) and a translatorily movably driven (arrow 27) press plate (16; 16a), and with a movably arranged loading door (3; 3a) for loading the collection space (s) with rubbish, characterised in that the side walls (13; 13a) of the collection (s) and compaction space (v) are formed from a row of filter rods (14; 14a) which are parallel to each other, fixed at their rear ends (14′; 14′a) to a retaining plate (12; 12a), which each have a larger external size (diameter d) than distance (A) from each respectively adjacent filter rod (14; 14a) and together with their free leading edges (14˝; 14˝a) extend as far as the counter plate (15; 15a) and that the press plate (16; 16a) is movably arranged in the space between the counter plate (15; 15a) and the retaining plate (12; 12a), and is provided with holes (42) corresponding to the number of filter rods (14; 14a), through which the filter rods (14; 14a) extend.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the filter rods (14; 14a) run horizontally, forming a filter tray (37; 37a) upwardly open under the loading door (3; 3a), and the retaining plate (12; 12a), press plate (16; 16a) and counter plate (15; 15a) lie on planes perpendicular with respect to the filter rods (14; 14a).
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that under the compaction space (v) with the filter tray (37; 37a) a rubbish container (8; 8a) is removably arranged.
4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that on the retaining plate (12; 12a) with the filter rods (14; 14a), a drip tray (39; 39a) engaging under the compaction (v) and collection space (s) is fastened.
5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the filter rods (14; 14a) are externally round, and preferably have a circular cross-section (Figures 3 and 6).
6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that drive devices (18, 25; 19, 33) for the press plate (16; 16a) and/or retaining plate (12) are arranged in the direction of displacement (double arrow 27; 27a) axially outside the compaction (v) and collection space (s), behind the press plate (16; 16a) and are provided with drive spindles (25, 33) which run parallel to one another, arranged in a drive space (a), on which the threaded discs (26, 34) connected to the moveable plates (12, 16; 16a) are displaceable.
7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the drive spindles (25, 33) are covered by coaxial cover pipes (35) and mounted on a rear wall (17) behind which a transmission space (g) is axially arranged.
8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the total length (L) of the device is approximately 2.5 times the length of the compaction (v) and collection space (s).
9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the filter rods (14) are longitudinally driveable (double arrow (27) over the moveable retaining plate (12) in such a way that their leading edges (14˝) are moveable as far as the stationarily mounted counter plate (15) and the press plate (16) is moveable relative to the counter plate (15) and retaining plate (12) (Figures 1 to 5).
10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the loading door (3) is pivotably coupled (at 6) to the top wall (1) of the device (Figures 1 to 5).
11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the retaining plate (12a) together with the filter rods (14a) fixed thereto is stationarily mounted in the frame (1a) and the counter plate (15a) is vertically displaceable (Figures 6 to 8).
12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8 and 11, characterised in that the loading door (3a) is provided at its inside end with a filling funnel (50) and is horizontally displaceable (Figures 6 to 8).
13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, 11 and 12, characterised in that an ejector (52) fastened at a right angle behind the counter plate (15a) can be lowered vertically as far as the upper area of the rubbish container (8a) (Figure 7).

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