EP0458592B1 - Passives Antennensystem für zellulares Telefon - Google Patents

Passives Antennensystem für zellulares Telefon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0458592B1
EP0458592B1 EP91304582A EP91304582A EP0458592B1 EP 0458592 B1 EP0458592 B1 EP 0458592B1 EP 91304582 A EP91304582 A EP 91304582A EP 91304582 A EP91304582 A EP 91304582A EP 0458592 B1 EP0458592 B1 EP 0458592B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
dipole
repeater
repeater assembly
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91304582A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0458592A2 (de
EP0458592A3 (en
Inventor
Gershon N. Cooper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alliance Res Corp
Original Assignee
Alliance Res Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alliance Res Corp filed Critical Alliance Res Corp
Publication of EP0458592A2 publication Critical patent/EP0458592A2/de
Publication of EP0458592A3 publication Critical patent/EP0458592A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0458592B1 publication Critical patent/EP0458592B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H01Q1/1285—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens with capacitive feeding through the windscreen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3283—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle side-mounted antennas, e.g. bumper-mounted, door-mounted

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communications systems, and more particularly, to an improved combination for sending a radio transmission between a fixed antenna on the outside of a structure and a transceiver within the structure.
  • Radio transmission and reception is difficult when a transceiver unit is located wholly within a structure that can act as a shield against radiation.
  • a transceiver unit may be isolated from radio signals that originate outside of the vehicle. Further, the transmission of radio signals from a transmitter which is located inside the vehicle may be blocked, as well.
  • Transceivers which are located inside vehicles are commonly connected to an antenna which is mounted on the exterior of the vehicle by means of a coaxial cable or other wire link.
  • the radiating and receiving element of the antenna which is located on the exterior of the vehicle, is capacitively coupled to the coaxial cable termination through a glass window of the vehicle, thereby eliminating the necessity of drilling holes in the body of the vehicle.
  • the increasingly common use of cellular telephones operating in the 800 to 1000 MHz frequency range in motor vehicles has promoted the use of such through the glass antenna units since the cellular telephone preferably utilizes an antenna whose mast extends above the roof line of the vehicle for optimum reception and transmission.
  • the glass antennas are easily mounted near the top of the rear window and the antenna mast can extend vertically above the roof line.
  • a permanently installed car telephone has a direct power connection to the vehicle electrical supply and has a coaxial link to the installed antenna.
  • a so called "transportable" cellular telephone is a similar telephone unit which includes a self contained power supply and a movable antenna so that it can be carried in a brief case.
  • the permanent and transportable telephones are permitted to have a maximum transmitted power of 3.0 watts, which generally mandates the use of a coaxial transmission line to an antenna.
  • a directional passive repeater having the features described in the characterising portion of Claim 1.
  • the radiated power reaching the repeater and external antenna unit is significantly improved.
  • the rear window is utilized to affix the antenna to the vehicle, since it does not create any significant visual obstruction to the driver's field of view. It is, of course, possible to mount the antenna to the front windshield or to any of the fixed glass side windows.
  • the dipole is made of a sheet material to increase the surface area that faces the interior of the vehicle. This increases the gain in a direction orthogonal to the surface by about 2 dB over conventional round wires. It is then possible for a portable unit on the interior of the vehicle to "see" the externally mounted dipole and communicate with it both in the sending and receiving modes.
  • one or more parasitic elements may be added.
  • a "reflector" radial that is approximately .58 wavelength, is spaced at least 1/10 wavelength (or multiples thereof) away from the dipole in a direction that is substantially orthogonal to the axis of the mast and the axis of the dipole and which creates gain for signals being exchanged between the dipole and the antenna of the portable unit.
  • This reflector dipole can also be mounted on the exterior of the vehicle and is in communication with the portable unit by radiation through the glass.
  • a second parasitic radial, or "director" that is at least .45 wavelength is mounted on the interior of the vehicle, on the opposing surface of the glass and at least 1/10 wavelength from the dipole.
  • additional parasitic elements acting as directors and/or reflectors can be added to increase the directionality of the array and to increase the gain, as well, with respect to signals between the repeater and the antenna of the portable unit. In adding additional elements, it is important that each element be spaced at least 1/10 wavelength from the next adjacent element.
  • the glass has no shielding effect and a capacitative coupling through the glass is unnecessary.
  • the resulting combination according to the present invention is a passive array which can be highly directional and can effectively impart "gain" to signals which are passed between the portable phone antenna and the external mast.
  • additional parasitic elements can be provided inside or outside of the vehicle to improve the gain and directionality of the array. Because there is no capacitative coupling through the glass, there are no "coupling" losses.
  • the repeater 10 includes a mast radiator 12 and a base 14 which is adhesively affixed to the exterior of a glass window element 16 of a vehicle.
  • the glass window element 16 is preferably the rear window of the vehicle, but can be any of the non conductive panels of the vehicle. While the rear window or back light is the mounting place of choice, the side windows or the front windshield of the vehicle can serve, as well.
  • a pair of quarter wave radials 18 that are connected to serve as a 1/2 wave dipole.
  • the radials 18 are coupled to the mast radiator 12 and aid in the passive repeater function with respect to signals received by the mast radiator 12 and with respect to signals that are received from a portable transmitter (not shown) in the near vicinity.
  • a modified antenna 20 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • flat elongated plates 22 in the base 14' extend approximately one quarter wave from the mast radiator 12 and serve as the dipole.
  • Using the plates 22 permits slightly higher gain in the horizontal plane and thus better communication between the portable telephone 24 antenna on the interior of the vehicle and the dipole plates 22 which are mounted on the exterior of the vehicle.
  • an additional parasitic element can be added to the base to create another alternative repeater 30 as is shown in FIG. 4.
  • a base 14" is modified to include two pairs of elements.
  • a first dipole made up of one quarter wave segments 22 is positioned adjacent the glass 16 while a second pair of elements 26 are spaced at least 1/10 wavelength from the dipole pair and function as a reflector with a sensitive gain axis in the direction toward the front of the vehicle where the portable unit is most likely to be found.
  • a similar result is achieved in repeater 40 by utilizing a parasitic element on the interior of the vehicle.
  • the base 14' containing the quarter wave segments 22 is affixed to the exterior of a glass plate 16 and an interior base 42 has a similar pair of parasitic elements 44 which function as a director. The combination is then more sensitive to radiation in the horizontal plane along a line generally parallel to the vehicular axis when the base 14' is affixed to the rear window.
  • the director element 44 should be less than one quarter wave length and should be spaced apart from the dipole segments 22 by at least 1/10 wavelength, which includes the thickness of the glass 16.
  • FIG. 6 A preferred embodiment of the invention has been shown in FIG. 6.
  • the alternative antenna 30 of FIG. 4 is combined with the interior base 42 of FIG. 5 to form a repeater combination 50 that includes dipole segments 22, reflector elements 26 and, on the interior base 42, director elements 44.
  • This arrangement more nearly approximates a passive dipole array that is highly directional and which exhibits considerable gain along the sensitive axis which is orthogonal to the parasitic elements.
  • the spacing between adjacent elements is at least 1/10 wavelength and the effective length of the director is less than 1/2 wavelength while the reflector is more than 1/2 wavelength.
  • the director was set at .45 wave length while the radiator was set at .58 wave length
  • FIG. 7 is an electrical diagram of the dipole 18 of FIG. 1 connected to the radiating mast 12. As shown, the connection to one arm of the dipole 18 is through a capacitive element 46 and through an inductive element 48 to the other arm of the dipole 18.
  • the impedance values are selected for optimum electrical coupling between the radiator mast 12 and the dipole 18 at the frequencies of interest. Since the dipole elements of the other embodiments are electrically equivalent to the dipole of FIG. 1, the electrical interconnection would be similar.
  • the repeater unit in its simplest embodiment includes a passive dipole which is coupled to a mast radiator that has unobstructed communication with a "cell".
  • the portable telephone is operated within the vehicle which would otherwise effectively shield the telephone antenna from the "cell”.
  • the telephone antenna and the dipole are now in direct, line of sight communication for transmission and reception of electrical signals.
  • the signals received by the passive dipole are radiated from the radiator mast and the signals received by the radiator mast are radiated from the dipole to the interior telephone antenna at power levels which are sufficiently low to pose no human health hazard.
  • additional parasitic elements are added, either to the externally mounted device or to an internally mounted device which is placed on the inner surface of the vehicle glass opposite the externally mounted device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Zwischenverstärkeranordnung (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) zur Verwendung bei einem Sender-Empfänger (24), der sich innerhalb einer Abschirmungsumgebung mit Bereichen (16), die elektromagnetischer Strahlung gegenüber durchlässig sind, befindet, die in Kombination aufweist:
    eine Antenne, einschließlich eines Strahlers (12) mit einer Achse, wobei die Antenne außen an der Abschirmungsumgebung in einem Strahlung gegenüber durchlässigen Bereich (16) davon angebracht ist, und eine Abstimmungseinrichtung (46, 48), die elektrisch ein Dipolelement (18, 22) an den Antennenstrahler (12) koppelt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das Dipolelement (18, 22) außenseitig der Abschirmungsumgebung befindet und an der Antenne befestigt ist und sich in einer Richtung erstreckt, um die Übertragung und den Empfang in einer Ebene zu maximieren, die die Antennenachse schneidet,
    wodurch der Sender-Empfänger (24) innerhalb der Abschirmungsumgebung in Strahlungsenergieverbindung mit dem Dipolelement (18, 22) und mittels des Strahlers (12) mit den fernen Sendern und Empfängern in Verbindung steht, die in Strahlungsenergieverbindung mit dem Strahler (12) stehen.
  2. Zwischenverstärkeranordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antenne mit dem ersten Basiselement (14, 14', 14") gekoppelt ist, das zum Anbau außen an die Abschirmungsumgebung in einem Strahlung gegenüber durchlässigen Bereich (16) davon geeignet ist.
  3. Zwischenverstärkeranordnung nach Anspruch 2, die weiterhin ein parasitäres Element (26) in dem ersten Basiselement umfaßt, das im wesentlichen parallel zu dem Dipol (22) ist, um die Übertragung und den Empfang in einer ausgewählten Richtung zu verstärken, wodurch die in der ausgewählten Richtung zwischen der Zwischenverstärkeranordnung (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) und einem Sender-Empfänger (24) innerhalb der abgeschirmten Umgebung übertragenen Signale verstärkt werden.
  4. Zwischenverstärkeranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, die weiterhin ein parasitäres Element (44) umfaßt, das im Inneren der Abschirmungsumgebung in dem durchlässigen Bereich (16) davon in der Nähe der Antenne angebracht ist, wobei das parasitäre Element (44) mindestens 1/10 Wellenlänge von dem Dipol (22) beabstandet und angeordnet ist, um im wesentlichen parallel dazu zu sein, um die Übertragung und den Empfang in einer ausgewählten Richtung zu verstärken, wodurch die in der ausgewählten Richtung zwischen der Zwischenverstärkeranordnung und einem Sender-Empfänger (24) innerhalb der abgeschirmten Umgebung übertragenen Signale verstärkt werden.
  5. Zwischenverstärkeranordnung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das parasitäre Element (44), das an dem Inneren der Abschirmungsumgebung angebracht ist, innerhalb eines zweiten Basiselements (42) enthalten ist.
  6. Zwischenverstärkeranordnung nach Anspruch 5 bei Abhängigkeit von Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Basiselement (42) dem ersten Basiselement (14) benachbart ist.
  7. Zwischenantenneneinheit nach Anspruch 3, die weiterhin ein parasitäres Element (44) besitzt, das in dem Inneren der Abschirmungsumgebung in dem durchlässigen Bereich (16) davon in der Nähe der Antenne angebracht ist, wobei das parasitäre Element (44) mindestens 1/10 Wellenlänge von dem Dipol (22) beabstandet und angeordnet ist, um im wesentlichen parallel dazu zu verlaufen, um die Übertragung und den Empfang in einer ausgewählten Richtung zu verstärken, wodurch die in der ausgewählten Richtung zwischen der Zwischenverstärkeranordnung und einem Sender-Empfänger (24) innerhalb der abgeschirmten Umgebung übertragenen Signale verstärkt werden.
  8. Zwischenverstärkeranordnung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das parasitäre Element (44), das an dem Inneren der Abschirmungsumgebung angebracht ist, innerhalb eines zweiten Basiselements (42) enthalten ist, das geeignet ist, am Inneren der Abschirmungsumgebung in dem durchlässigen Bereich (16) davon benachbart dem ersten Basiselement (14) angebracht zu werden.
EP91304582A 1990-05-22 1991-05-21 Passives Antennensystem für zellulares Telefon Expired - Lifetime EP0458592B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52718190A 1990-05-22 1990-05-22
US527181 1990-05-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0458592A2 EP0458592A2 (de) 1991-11-27
EP0458592A3 EP0458592A3 (en) 1992-01-15
EP0458592B1 true EP0458592B1 (de) 1996-01-31

Family

ID=24100439

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91304582A Expired - Lifetime EP0458592B1 (de) 1990-05-22 1991-05-21 Passives Antennensystem für zellulares Telefon

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0458592B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0426233A (de)
KR (1) KR910020966A (de)
AT (1) ATE133814T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69116733T2 (de)
IE (1) IE72170B1 (de)
NO (1) NO911961L (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2266997A (en) * 1992-05-07 1993-11-17 Wallen Manufacturing Limited Radio antenna.
US5564082A (en) * 1994-05-06 1996-10-08 At&T Corp. Diversity antenna for a wrist telephone
US5600333A (en) * 1995-01-26 1997-02-04 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Active repeater antenna assembly
US6172651B1 (en) 1995-10-25 2001-01-09 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Dual-band window mounted antenna system for mobile communications
US5898408A (en) * 1995-10-25 1999-04-27 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Window mounted mobile antenna system using annular ring aperture coupling
DE10243695B4 (de) * 2002-09-20 2005-12-22 Ikoda Gmbh Passives Repeatersystem zur Funkkommunikation für Gebäude und andere Baulichkeiten, die eine hohe Dämpfung oder Abschirmung von elektromagnetischen Wellen zur Funkkommunikation aufweisen

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2081211A7 (de) * 1970-03-18 1971-12-03 Saint Gobain
US4794319A (en) * 1986-07-03 1988-12-27 Alliance Research Corporation Glass mounted antenna
FI84000C (fi) * 1989-11-15 1991-09-25 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Antennsystem foer fordon.
US5099252A (en) * 1989-12-08 1992-03-24 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Mobile cellular antenna system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IE911756A1 (en) 1991-12-04
IE72170B1 (en) 1997-03-26
NO911961D0 (no) 1991-05-22
NO911961L (no) 1991-11-25
ATE133814T1 (de) 1996-02-15
KR910020966A (ko) 1991-12-20
JPH0426233A (ja) 1992-01-29
DE69116733D1 (de) 1996-03-14
EP0458592A2 (de) 1991-11-27
EP0458592A3 (en) 1992-01-15
DE69116733T2 (de) 1996-06-05

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