Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
  • D04H1/435—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
  • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4391—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
  • D04H1/43914—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres hollow fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
  • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
  • D04H3/011—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
  • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
  • D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
  • E01C11/005—Methods or materials for repairing pavings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
  • E01C5/12—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with bituminous binders or from bituminous material, e.g. asphalt mats
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
  • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
  • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
  • E01C7/185—Isolating, separating or connecting intermediate layers, e.g. adhesive layers; Transmission of shearing force in horizontal intermediate planes, e.g. by protrusions
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
  • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
  • E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
  • E01C7/187—Repairing bituminous covers, e.g. regeneration of the covering material in situ, application of a new bituminous topping

Definitions

• the invention relates to an insert for asphalt layers, which is used in particular in road construction.
• textile materials have been used in the renovation of worn bituminous pavements as an intermediate layer between the old and new pavements.
• textiles can also be used as an insert between the road surface and the base course when building new roads.
• the mode of operation and the advantages of such deposits were discussed at a conference in Liège, Belgium from March 8, 1989 to March 10, 1989 ("Reflective Cracking in Pavements", Assessment and Control). In practice, two basic concepts have prevailed.
• nonwovens are used, which are usually formed as spunbond from continuous filaments (spunbond) and consist of polypropylene or, due to the higher melting point, increasingly of polyester (see, for example, “Die Asphalt Identification” 1/88, p. 15ff or “Installation Guide for Paving Fabric in Asphalt Overlays” by Hoechst Fiber Industries, USA).
• mesh fabrics made of high-strength polyester yarns are used (see, for example, “Bitumen, Tar, Asphalt, Peche", 25th year, April 1974).
• grids have recently been used, which are stretched perforated films made of cast or extruded plastic, usually made of polypropylene.
• the interlining sheets are generally applied by first applying an adhesive layer such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, bitumen B 80 or an emulsion, for example a cationic bitumen emulsion, to the surface to be renovated, on which the sheet is then smoothly laid .
• the nonwoven acts as a crack-preventing layer like a buffer and as a suction layer for bitumen or pressure sensitive adhesive. It is important that a permanent bond without voids and sliding layers is obtained.
• the advantage of the nonwoven fabric inserted between the road surface and the subsurface lies mainly in a certain buffer effect, which is the result or the Propagation of cracks, such as reflection cracks, should prevent or at least delay.
• the bitumen-impregnated nonwoven acts as a water barrier to prevent surface water from penetrating the base layer.
• Lattice fabrics or grids absorb relative movements between the road surface and the base course due to their better strength properties and thus have a better effect in preventing crack formation and propagation.
• they have the disadvantage that cracks can pass through the coarse meshes of 20 to 40 mm.
• Another disadvantage is that they form practically no water barrier against the ingress of surface water.
• Such grid fabrics and grids also cause technical difficulties due to their rigidity, which often leads to a poor bond and thus to premature loosening of the asphalt layer.
• a composite has also been proposed made of a nonwoven fabric and a textile fabric of defined yarn layer for the reinforcement of asphalt layers in road construction.
• Such a composite has an increased resistance to cracking and propagation, but it is also expensive and requires a relatively large amount of bitumen for its optimal impregnation.
• a composite is known from a nonwoven fabric made of crimped polyamide fibers and a needled lattice fabric made of continuous filaments, which are connected to each other by a waterproof binder.
• This composite material is used as an erosion-preventing insulation material in dyke and sewer construction.
• the present invention has for its object to provide an insert for asphalt layers in road construction, which is particularly effective in preventing crack formation and propagation in the asphalt layers, has a good sealing effect against the ingress of surface water and can be easily installed and which with comparable application properties is lighter than known materials and usually also For optimal impregnation, a smaller amount of binding agent, eg bitumen, pressure sensitive adhesive or bitumen emulsion is required and which can therefore be manufactured and processed more economically and therefore more cost-effectively.
• binding agent eg bitumen, pressure sensitive adhesive or bitumen emulsion
• An object of the present invention is therefore an insert for asphalt layers, which consists of or contains a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic fibers, this nonwoven fabric being at least partially made up of hollow fibers.
• an insert according to the invention consists of the synthetic fiber nonwoven, it is an insert whose sole textile component is the nonwoven containing or consisting of hollow fibers. In many applications, such an insert already meets the requirements of practice.
• a insert according to the invention which is a composite consisting of two components, one component of which is the nonwoven fabric, which is at least partially made of hollow fibers, and whose second component, hereinafter also referred to as “reinforcement”, is a woven fabric, which offers particular advantages in terms of application technology. Knitted fabric, laid scrim, grid, a Raschelware or another flat structure of defined yarn layer. This second component can also contain hollow fibers or consist of hollow fibers.
• such an insert according to the invention has a surprisingly high resistance to crack formation and propagation. This should be on one Combination effect between the advantageous properties of their two components are based.
• the insert designed according to the invention has an excellent sealing effect, which prevents the penetration of water and thus also of organic and inorganic constituents.
• the proportion of hollow fibers in the nonwoven fabric of the insert which conveys the desired combination of properties, may be surprisingly small. Often there is a noticeable economic and technical advantage even with an insert whose nonwoven contains at least 10% hollow fibers. As a rule, it is expedient to use a liner whose nonwoven contains 50-100% hollow fibers, whereby the highest technical requirement profiles can of course be met with liner nonwovens which consist of 100% hollow fibers. If a reinforcement is used which contains hollow fibers, the conditions given above for the nonwoven fabric apply equally to the hollow fiber content. However, it is not necessary that the nonwoven fabric and reinforcement have the same hollow fiber content.
• the titer of the synthetic fibers of the nonwoven fabric contained in the insert according to the invention and of the reinforcement are in the range customary for geotextiles. They are therefore usually between 0.5 and 50 dtex, preferably in the range from 2 to 20 dtex. It may be advisable to use mixed titers from case to case, in particular in the case of interlining nonwovens which do not consist of 100% hollow fibers, hollow fibers and solid fibers can have different titers.
• the titer of nonwoven and reinforcement can of course be different and are appropriately selected and combined if necessary.
• the synthetic fibers can be continuous fibers or staple fibers, expediently with staple lengths of 2-20 cm. However, it is also readily possible to use inserts which contain both continuous and staple fibers. In many cases, for example, the desired combination of properties of a filament nonwoven (one consisting of continuous filaments) can be mixed in by mixing in one adjust the appropriate proportion of hollow staple fibers. Mixtures of hollow and non-hollow staple fibers can of course also be deposited to form a spunbonded nonwoven.
• the synthetic fibers contained in the nonwovens of the inlays according to the invention can have one or more cavities, and the cavities can be short to very short in the direction of the fiber axis or extend over the entire fiber length.
• hollow fibers in the sense of this invention are both foam fibers and hollow fibers with one or more cavities extending over larger fiber sections or over the entire fiber length.
• Inlays according to the invention are preferred, the hollow fibers of which have cavities which extend essentially over the entire fiber length or, for certain areas of application, also foam fibers.
• the void fraction of the synthetic fibers is essential. Synthetic fibers whose void fraction is 3 to 40% by volume, preferably 5 to 20% by volume, are particularly suitable for the inlays according to the invention.
• the suitable synthetic fibers generally consist of spinnable polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyester. Synthetic fibers made from polyester, in particular from polyethylene terephthalate, are preferred because of their high temperature resistance.
• the nonwovens of the inserts according to the invention can be consolidated in any known manner.
• the binder can be a melt binder which is incorporated into the nonwoven, for example in powder form or in the form of binder threads, and which Fleece consolidated under the influence of heat to form a nonwoven.
• the nonwoven can also be solidified to form the nonwoven by calendering, partly with mechanical felting of the filaments and partly with autogenous welding at the crossing points.
• Deposits according to the invention which consist of consist of or contain a nonwoven fabric that has been mechanically consolidated.
• Mechanical consolidation is to be understood, for example, as needling or, for example, hydromechanical consolidation, as described, for example, in EP-A-0 108 621.
• the different types of consolidation can also be combined as required.
• the basis weight of the interlining nonwovens according to the invention naturally depends on the intended use. As a rule, it is 50 to 300 g / m2, preferably 100 to 180 g / m2, but can also be used for special tasks, especially if the nonwoven is the only textile component of the insert, for example up to 500 g / m2 lie.
• a further preferred embodiment of the inserts according to the invention has a spunbond as the nonwoven, in particular a spunbond which is consolidated by needles.
• the selection of the raw material for the second component of the composite is similar to that of the nonwoven. Both components of the composite are particularly preferably produced from the same raw material, that is to say in particular from polyesters, irrespective of whether the composite contains a fabric, scrim, grid or knitted fabric or is designed as a Raschel fabric.
• the weight per unit area of the second component, the reinforcement, of the composite is preferably in the range from 100 to 500 g / m 2.
• the maximum tensile force of the second component of the composite should be 10 to 200 kN / m, preferably 25 to 200 kN / m (whereby the maximum tensile force is to be understood here as the maximum tensile force of a fabric of 1 m width).
• the elongation at break is preferably in the range between 5 and 35%, in particular between 10 and 20%.
• the composite material is preferably in the form of a Raschel fabric, in which the two components of the composite material are connected by weft-laying technology.
• the Raschel fabric with fleece insert which is manufactured using the weft-laying technique, results in a particularly strong bond between the two components of the composite. Good results also result if the two components of the composite are connected to one another by needling, gluing or sewing. The combination of the two components must ensure that the insert is not weakened by delamination of the composite.
• the nonwoven fabric consists of a (R) Trevira spunbond, in which Trevira high-strength yarns are integrated by weft-laying technique or which is connected by sewing to a fabric made of Trevira high-strength yarns.
• the maximum tensile force of the second component of the composite can be equated to the maximum tensile force of the composite itself, since the nonwoven fabric, in particular due to its high elongation, makes no significant contribution to the maximum tensile force.
• the insert according to the invention is generally suitable for the reinforcement of asphalt layers, e.g. B. of new road surfaces or roof coverings or tear-resistant insulation.
• One area of application in which the insert according to the invention shows particular advantages, in particular with regard to material savings, is the repair of damaged road surfaces already mentioned above, where it serves as a link between old and new asphalt layers.
• the bond between the inlay and the two layers of asphalt is achieved with an adhesive, such as pure bitumen.
• the final amount of adhesive must be determined beforehand. The amount of adhesive must at least correspond to the pore content of the composite, taking into account a migration into the (damaged) asphalt layers. Corresponding requirements are summarized in the TASK FORCE 25 Specification Guide for Paving Fabrics.
• the composite material designed according to the invention has a particularly high resistance to crack formation and propagation.
• the fleece component ensures an optimal bond between the asphalt and the paving; it also prevents water from penetrating and forms a buffer that absorbs forces through the cracks.
• the composite is expediently used in such a way that the nonwoven lies on the underside. In the case of larger cracks, in particular due to the demolition of attachments and / or Soil settlement, frost upheavals or other loads are caused, the force absorption takes place primarily through the high-strength second component of the composite.
• Another object of the present invention is a binder-filled insert containing a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic fibers and binder, which is characterized in that the nonwoven fabric is at least partially made up of hollow fibers and it contains binders in an amount of BM g / m2, wherein is.
• BM means the amount of binder in g / m2, ⁇ binder the density of the binder in g / cm3, ⁇ fiber the effective density of the fibers in g / cm3, FG the basis weight of the nonwoven of the insert in g / m2 and D the Insert thickness in cm.
• the preferred binder in binder-filled inlays according to the invention is bitumen.
• a preferred binder-filled insert contains one of the composites according to the invention described above, consisting of a non-woven material containing hollow fibers and another textile fabric of a defined yarn layer and binder in a quantity of BM.
• the present invention also relates to a process for producing the insert according to the invention by depositing synthetic continuous or staple fibers in a manner known per se on a moving base, subsequent consolidation and, if appropriate, combination with a textile material defined yarn layer, which likewise consist of hollow fibers or contain such fibers can, which is characterized in that at least a part of the deposited synthetic fibers are hollow fibers.
• a mixture of hollow and non-hollow staple fibers in the desired mixing ratio can be deposited dry in a manner known per se or by a wet-laying process to the nonwoven and then solidified.
• nonwovens from endless fibers and staple fibers by providing an admixture of the staple fibers when the continuous fibers are deposited.
• the continuous fibers or the staple fibers can consist entirely or partially of hollow fibers.
• the hollow fibers can be produced separately and drawn off from fiber reservoirs, for example bobbin frames, and fed through blowing nozzles into the fiber stream of the full fibers directed towards the deposit, or the spinning beams which are used to produce the nonwoven filaments can, in addition to spinning openings for full fibers, also spin openings for Have hollow fibers, the ratio of the different spinning orifices and the amount of filaments spun therefrom corresponds to the desired ratio of solid and hollow fibers in the nonwoven fabric of the insert according to the invention.
• at least 10% of hollow fibers are deposited for the production of inserts according to the invention.
• the proportion of the deposited hollow fibers is preferably 50 to 100%, and to achieve the maximum effects, 100% of the deposited fibers are hollow fibers.
• the nonwoven is consolidated to form the nonwoven in a manner known per se using a binder, or a melt binder, or by calendering or, preferably, mechanically. However, it is also possible to combine various of these hardening processes with one another.
• Binder can e.g. B. polymer solutions or dispersions or latices, which are applied to the nonwoven by impregnation or spraying and which form "binding sail" after the evaporation of the liquid phase at the crossing points of the filaments.
• thermoset binders can also be used, which harden, if necessary during heat treatment, and fix the fiber crossing points.
• melt binders which are incorporated into the nonwoven, for example in the form of powders or preferably in the form of binder fibers, and which, when the nonwoven is heated, converge over their melting point at the fiber crossing points and binding points training that solidify the nonwoven to the nonwoven after cooling, can be used with good success.
• a similar strengthening can be achieved by "autogenously” welding the nonwoven filaments at their crossing points if the nonwoven is subjected to calendering in the vicinity of the melting temperature of the nonwoven filaments.
• Mechanical strengthening is preferred, e.g. by needles or by hydromechanical consolidation, as described, for example, in EP-A-0 108 621.
• There is no chemical or thermal stress on the filament material so that the advantageous physical properties of the filaments due to their manufacture, e.g. can be conveyed by rapid spinning and stretching operations, transferred undiminished to the nonwoven fabric.
• the nonwoven is to be connected to this textile material in such a way that the insert cannot be weakened by delamination. This requirement can be met if the components are connected by needling, gluing or sewing. It is particularly preferred to manufacture the inserts according to the invention, which have a composite, by weft-laying technique. This is a warp-knitting technique in which the nonwoven is reinforced in a direction-oriented manner by yarns, preferably high-strength yarns with or without hollow fiber content or made of hollow fibers. This warp knitting technique is carried out on so-called Raschel machines.
• a particularly suitable Raschel machine for producing a composite material designed according to the invention is the type RS 3 MSU-V from Karl Mayer, Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH, Obertshausen.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Road Repair (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=6406402

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (2)

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Citations (4)

• 1990
  • 1990-05-15 DE DE4015504A patent/DE4015504A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1991
  • 1991-05-13 EP EP91107689A patent/EP0457227A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-05-14 PT PT97652A patent/PT97652A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-05-14 IE IE165291A patent/IE911652A1/en unknown
  • 1991-05-15 JP JP3110502A patent/JPH04228706A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (4)

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