EP0456139B1 - Compression switch - Google Patents

Compression switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0456139B1
EP0456139B1 EP91107241A EP91107241A EP0456139B1 EP 0456139 B1 EP0456139 B1 EP 0456139B1 EP 91107241 A EP91107241 A EP 91107241A EP 91107241 A EP91107241 A EP 91107241A EP 0456139 B1 EP0456139 B1 EP 0456139B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compression
blow
openings
tube
contacts
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP91107241A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0456139A2 (en
EP0456139A3 (en
Inventor
Herbert Dr.-Ing. Karrenbauer
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
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Publication of EP0456139A3 publication Critical patent/EP0456139A3/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/906Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism with pressure limitation in the compression volume, e.g. by valves or bleeder openings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical compression switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a compression switch with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP-A-0 146 671 and from EP-A-0 201 430. Since the hot arc gases penetrate into the compression chamber in the first phase during the switch-off movement, the pressure rises rapidly in the known compression switches and loads the drive of the switch.
  • an electrical SF6 impression switch in which the compression space (between the nozzle and the fixed piston) is divided into two areas by a partition.
  • Check valves are provided in the partition and open towards the nozzle.
  • the function with large shut-off currents is improved as follows by the partition with the check valves: With large shut-off currents, the energy converted in the arc leads to a sharp increase in pressure in the nozzle constriction. This increase in pressure is additionally increased by the nozzle material evaporating under the influence of the arc on the surface of the nozzle.
  • the pressure increase leads to a backflow of the SF6 heated in the arc and of the evaporated nozzle material into the compression space and there causes an increase in pressure, which supports the switch-off process. If the pressure in the part of the compression space facing the nozzle outweighs the pressure in the part of the compression cylinder facing away from the nozzle, the check valves in the partition close. This prevents the reaction of the pressure generated by the arc on the drive. As a result, the drive no longer needs to be dimensioned for these high pressures.
  • the drives can thus be designed for a lower stored energy and therefore more cost-effectively.
  • the movable contact and the tube on which the movable contact is attached form a flow channel which is connected to the surrounding space.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a compression switch of the type described in the preamble of claim 1 so that the gas heated by the arc is used as completely as possible for the arc extinguishing to increase the breaking power, while the drive energy for the switch is kept as low as possible becomes.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1.
  • the design of the compression switch according to claim 1 has the effect that in the phase until the minimum distance of the contacts required for the arc extinguishing is reached, the openings in the lower area of the blow-back tube are closed, so that the gas heated by the arc cannot flow out of the extinguishing area.
  • the openings in the upper area of the blow-back tube are also open. These openings connect the blow-back pipe and the upper part of the compression space. This allows the gas heated in the arc to flow into the compression chamber with a low flow resistance.
  • Surrounding space is to be understood as the space outside the switching device, which comprises the compression device with the switching contacts.
  • a compression switch shown in FIG. 1 contains a compression device with a stationary compression piston 2 and a movable compression cylinder 20 surrounding it.
  • the insulating nozzle has channels 23 extending from the interior of the compression cylinder 20 in order to lead the extinguishing gas into the extinguishing zone.
  • the compression cylinder 20 is divided by a partition wall 21 into a subspace 4 facing the nozzle and a subspace 5 facing away from the nozzle.
  • Check valves 10 are arranged in the partition wall 21 and open towards the partial space 4.
  • the hollow movable contact 6 continues in the blow-back tube 7, which has first openings 9, which establish a connection to the partial space 4 of the compression space, and second openings 8, which open outside the compression space into a space 22 inside the compression piston 2.
  • the space 22 is connected via openings 24 to a space outside the switching device.
  • the switching device is composed of the compression device and the switching contacts.
  • the room 22 therefore corresponds to the room surrounding the switching device.
  • a fixed pipe 13 Arranged within the blow-back pipe 7 is a fixed pipe 13, which is connected to the fixed piston 2 via a plurality of bolts 14 distributed around the circumference, which reach through slots 26 in the blow-back pipe 7. The bolts 14 sliding in the slots 26 prevent the compressed gas from escaping from the subspace 5.
  • the fixed contact pin 15 engages in the movable contact piece 6.
  • contacts (not shown) arranged concentrically with the contact pair 6, 15 can be provided for guiding the nominal current.
  • the differential pressure thus given to the partial compression space 4 leads to the opening of the check valves 10, so that the compressed extinguishing gas can flow into the partial compression space 4 and from there through the passages 23 and through the opening 9 of the blow-back tube to the contacts 6, 15.
  • the openings 9 in the blow-back tube are covered by the fixed tube 13 (see FIG. 2). From this moment on, the extinguishing gas is passed exclusively through the passages 23 to the switch contacts. Simultaneously with the closing of the openings 9, the openings 8 are released in the course of the downward movement of the blow-back tube 7, so that from this point in time the arc is blown through the nozzle and the hollow movable contact 6. The extinguishing gas flows from the nozzles into the expansion space.
  • the valves 18 in the compression piston 2 can also limit the pressure in the sub-chamber 5 to values that are required to extinguish small flows, without the extinguishing ability being impaired in the case of large flows. Until the minimum contact distance necessary for the extinguishing is reached, the opening 8 of the blow-back pipe 7 is closed by the fixed pipe 13, so that the extinguishing gas cannot flow unused to the outside through the blow-back pipe 7.
  • the fixed pipe 13 also opens the opening 9 in the blow-back pipe 7, so that there is a streamlined connection to the subspace 4.
  • the gas heated by the arc in the nozzle is supplied to the subspace 4 both through the channels 23 and through the blow-back tube and is stored therein for the subsequent quenching process.
  • the opening 9 is closed by the fixed tube 13, as already described, while the opening 8 is released at the same time.
  • the pressure in the nozzle also decreases, so that the pressure drop between subspace 4 and nozzle 3 reverses.
  • the quenching gas stored in sub-space 4 is now supplied to the contacts through channels 23 and flows out of the quenching zone through the nozzle and the blow-back tube and thereby extinguishes the arc.
  • the arrangement of the fixed tube 13 within the movable blow-back tube 7 has the additional advantage that the blow-back tube 7 is either completely protected from the hot arc gases or is exposed to these gases over a shorter period of time.
  • the blow-back tube 7 can thus be produced from lighter, less erosion-resistant materials, which reduces the energy required for acceleration.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Kompressionsschalter gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electrical compression switch according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der EP-A-0 146 671 und aus der EP-A-0 201 430 ist jeweils ein Kompressionsschalter mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1 bekannt. Da die heissen Lichtbogengase in der ersten Phase bei der Ausschaltbewegung in den Kompressionsraum eindringen, steigt bei den bekannten Kompressionsschaltern der Druck rasch an und belastet den Antrieb des Schalters.A compression switch with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP-A-0 146 671 and from EP-A-0 201 430. Since the hot arc gases penetrate into the compression chamber in the first phase during the switch-off movement, the pressure rises rapidly in the known compression switches and loads the drive of the switch.

Aus der DE-OS 31 04 411 ist ein elektrischer SF₆-Eindruckschalter bekannt, bei dem der Kompressionsraum (zwischen Düse und feststehendem Kolben) durch eine Trennwand in zwei Bereiche unterteilt ist. In der Trennwand sind Rückschlagventile vorgesehen, die zur Düse hin öffnen. Durch die Trennwand mit den Rückschlagventilen wird die Funktion bei grossen Ausschaltströmen, wie folgt, verbessert: Bei grossen Ausschaltströmen führt die im Lichtbogen umgesetzte Energie zu einer starken Drucksteigerung in der Düsenengstelle. Diese Drucksteigerung wird zusätzlich verstärkt durch das unter dem Einfluss des Lichtbogens an der Oberfläche der Düse abdampfende Düsenmaterial. Die Drucksteigerung führt bei einer entsprechenden Bemessung der Düse zu einem Rückströmen des im Lichtbogen aufgeheizten SF₆ und des abgedampften Düsenmaterials in den Kompressionsraum und bewirkt dort eine Druckerhöhung, die den Ausschaltvorgang unterstützt. Wenn der Druck in dem der Düse zugewandten Teilraum des Kompressionsraumes den Druck in dem der Düse abgewandten Teilraum des Kompressionszylinders überwiegt, schliessen die Rückschlagventile in der Trennwand. Dadurch wird die Rückwirkung des durch den Lichtbogen erzeugten Druckes auf den Antrieb unterbunden. Demzufolge braucht der Antrieb nicht mehr für diese hohen Drücke dimensioniert zu werden. Die Antriebe können somit für eine geringere gespeicherte Energie und demzufolge kostengünstiger ausgelegt werden.From DE-OS 31 04 411 an electrical SF₆ impression switch is known, in which the compression space (between the nozzle and the fixed piston) is divided into two areas by a partition. Check valves are provided in the partition and open towards the nozzle. The function with large shut-off currents is improved as follows by the partition with the check valves: With large shut-off currents, the energy converted in the arc leads to a sharp increase in pressure in the nozzle constriction. This increase in pressure is additionally increased by the nozzle material evaporating under the influence of the arc on the surface of the nozzle. With an appropriate dimensioning of the nozzle, the pressure increase leads to a backflow of the SF₆ heated in the arc and of the evaporated nozzle material into the compression space and there causes an increase in pressure, which supports the switch-off process. If the pressure in the part of the compression space facing the nozzle outweighs the pressure in the part of the compression cylinder facing away from the nozzle, the check valves in the partition close. This prevents the reaction of the pressure generated by the arc on the drive. As a result, the drive no longer needs to be dimensioned for these high pressures. The drives can thus be designed for a lower stored energy and therefore more cost-effectively.

Zur Steigerung des Ausschaltvermögens der Löschanordnung bilden gemäss der DE-OS 31 04 411 der bewegliche Kontakt und das Rohr, auf dem der bewegliche Kontakt befestigt ist, einen Strömungskanal, der mit dem umgebenden Raum verbunden ist.To increase the breaking capacity of the extinguishing arrangement, according to DE-OS 31 04 411, the movable contact and the tube on which the movable contact is attached form a flow channel which is connected to the surrounding space.

Wenn sich im Bereich des Stromnulldurchgangs die Strömungsrichtung umgekehrt hat, d. h. komprimiertes Gas aus dem Kompressionsraum zur Löschanordnung zurückströmt, ergibt sich damit eine für die Lichtbogenlöschung günstige Doppelbelastung des Lichtbogens durch die Düse und den beweglichen Kontakt. In der Phase des Druckaufbaues bringt der hohle bewegliche Kontakt jedoch den Nachteil mit sich, dass ein erheblicher Teil des durch den Lichtbogen in der Düse erhitzten Gases nicht in den Kompressionsraum zurückströmt, sondern durch den hohlen beweglichen Kontakt abströmt und dadurch für den Löschvorgang verloren ist.If the flow direction has reversed in the area of the current zero crossing, i. H. Compressed gas flows back from the compression space to the quenching arrangement, this results in a double loading of the arc through the nozzle and the movable contact which is favorable for the arc quenching. In the phase of pressure build-up, however, the hollow movable contact has the disadvantage that a considerable part of the gas heated by the arc in the nozzle does not flow back into the compression space, but flows out through the hollow movable contact and is therefore lost for the extinguishing process.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kompressionsschalter der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 beschriebenen Art so weiterzuentwickeln, dass zur Erhöhung der Ausschaltleistung das vom Lichtbogen erhitzte Gas möglichst vollständig für die Lichtbogenlöschung genutzt wird, wobei während des Ausschaltens die Antriebsenergie für den Schalter möglichst gering gehalten wird.The invention has for its object to further develop a compression switch of the type described in the preamble of claim 1 so that the gas heated by the arc is used as completely as possible for the arc extinguishing to increase the breaking power, while the drive energy for the switch is kept as low as possible becomes.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Ausbildung des Kompressionsschalters gemäss Anspruch 1 bewirkt, dass in der Phase bis zum Erreichen des für die Lichtbogenlöschung erforderlichen Mindestabstandes der Kontakte die Öffnungen im unteren Bereich des Rückblasrohres verschlossen sind, so dass das durch den Lichtbogen erhitzte Gas nicht aus dem Löschbereich abströmen kann.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1. The design of the compression switch according to claim 1 has the effect that in the phase until the minimum distance of the contacts required for the arc extinguishing is reached, the openings in the lower area of the blow-back tube are closed, so that the gas heated by the arc cannot flow out of the extinguishing area.

Weiter sind in dieser Phase die Öffnungen im oberen Bereich des Rückblasrohres offen. Diese Öffnungen verbinden das Rückblasrohr und den oberen Teilraum des Kompressionsraumes miteinander. Dadurch kann das im Lichtbogen erhitzte Gas mit geringem Strömungswiderstand in den Kompressionsraum einströmen. Unter umgebendem Raum, wie er in Anspruch 1 erwähnt ist, ist der Raum ausserhalb der Schalteinrichtung zu verstehen, die die Kompressionseinrichtung mit den Schaltkontakten umfasst.In this phase, the openings in the upper area of the blow-back tube are also open. These openings connect the blow-back pipe and the upper part of the compression space. This allows the gas heated in the arc to flow into the compression chamber with a low flow resistance. Surrounding space, as mentioned in claim 1, is to be understood as the space outside the switching device, which comprises the compression device with the switching contacts.

Nach Erreichen des für die Lichtbogenlöschung notwendigen Mindestabstandes der Kontakte sind umgekehrt die oberen Öffnungen des Rückblasrohres verschlossen, während jetzt die unteren Öffnungen offen sind. Die für die Lichtbogenlöschung vorteilhafte Rückströmung des Gases durch das Rückblasrohr ist deshalb in dem Bereich, in dem eine Lichtbogenlöschung möglich ist, unverändert erhalten. Durch die bessere Nutzung des im Lichtbogen erhitzten Gases wird deshalb der Löschmechanismus selbst nicht beeinträchtigt.After reaching the minimum distance of the contacts necessary for the arc quenching, the upper openings of the blow-back tube are closed, while the lower openings are now open. The backflow of gas through the blow-back pipe, which is advantageous for arc quenching, is therefore unchanged in the area in which arc quenching is possible. The extinguishing mechanism itself is therefore not impaired by the better use of the gas heated in the arc.

Durch Aufteilung des Kompressionsraums in zwei Teilkompressionsräume, deren Verbindung untereinander bei starken Lichtbögen in der ersten Phase der Ausschaltbewegung durch ein Rückschlagventil unterbrochen wird, ist es möglich, den Antrieb des Schalters zu entlasten; es baut sich nämlich der Druck durch das erhitzte Lichtbogengas nicht in dem Teilkompressionsraum auf, in dem während der Ausschaltbewegung Löschgas komprimiert wird.By dividing the compression space into two partial compression spaces, the connection of which is interrupted by a non-return valve in the first phase of the switch-off movement in the event of strong arcing, it is possible to relieve the drive of the switch; namely, the pressure from the heated arc gas does not build up in the partial compression space in which the extinguishing gas is compressed during the switch-off movement.

Für die Lichtbogenlöschung bringt die bessere Nutzung des im Lichtbogen erhitzten Gases folgende Vorteile mit sich:
Zunächst ergibt sich ein rascherer Druckanstieg, der zu einer kürzeren minimalten Lichtbogenzeit führt. Dadurch lassen sich Schalter mit kürzerer Ausschaltzeit realisieren.
Zum anderen führt der höhere Druck zu einem verbesserten Schaltvermögen, so dass höhere Ströme unterbrochen bzw. höhere Spannungen beherrscht werden können.
For arc quenching, better use of the gas heated in the arc has the following advantages:
First of all, there is a faster rise in pressure, which leads to a shorter minimum arc time. This enables switches with a shorter switch-off time to be implemented.
On the other hand, the higher pressure leads to an improved switching capacity, so that higher currents can be interrupted or higher voltages can be controlled.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 5 beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in claims 2 to 5.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von in einer Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher beschrieben, aus denen sich weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile ergeben.The invention is described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in a drawing, from which further details, features and advantages result.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen elektrischen Kompressionsschalter im Längsschnitt in eingeschaltetem Zustand;
Fig. 2
den Kompressionsschalter gem. Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt nach der Trennung von Schalterkontakten und
Fig. 3
den Kompressionsschalter gem. Fig. in ausgeschaltetem Zustand.
Show it
Fig. 1
an electrical compression switch in longitudinal section in the switched on state;
Fig. 2
the compression switch acc. Fig. 1 in longitudinal section after the separation of switch contacts and
Fig. 3
the compression switch acc. Fig. In the switched-off state.

Ein in Fig. 1 dargestellter Kompressionsschalter enthält eine Kompressionseinrichtung mit einem feststehenden Kompressionskolben 2 und einem diesen umgebenden beweglichen Kompressionszylinder 20. Mit dem Kompressionszylinder 20 ist ein in axialer Richtung hohler Kontakt 6 fest verbunden, der von einer Isolierdüse 3 umgeben ist. Die Isolierdüse weist vom Innenraum des Kompressionszylinders 20 ausgehende Kanäle 23 auf, um das Löschgas in die Löschzone zu führen. Der Kompressionszylinder 20 ist durch eine Trennwand 21 in einen der Düse zugewandten Teilraum 4 und einen der Düse abgewandten Teilraum 5 unterteilt. In der Trennwand 21 sind Rückschlagventile 10 angeordnet, die zu dem Teilraum 4 hin öffnen. Der hohle bewegliche Kontakt 6 setzt sich im Rückblasrohr 7 fort, das erste Öffnungen 9 aufweist, die eine Verbindung zu dem Teilraum 4 des Kompressionsraumes herstellen sowie zweite Öffnungen 8, die ausserhalb des Kompressionsraumes in einen Raum 22 innerhalb des Kompressionskolbens 2 münden. Der Raum 22 steht über Öffnungen 24 mit einem Raum ausserhalb der Schalteinrichtung in Verbindung. Die Schalteinrichtung setzt sich aus der Kompressionseinrichtung und den Schaltkontakten zusammen. Der Raum 22 entspricht deshalb dem die Schalteinrichtung umgebenden Raum. Innerhalb des Rückblasrohres 7 ist ein feststehendes Rohr 13 angeordnet, das über mehrere am Umfang verteilte Bolzen 14, die durch Schlitze 26 im Rückblasrohr 7 hindurchgreifen, mit dem feststehenden Kolben 2 verbunden ist. Durch die in den Schlitzen 26 gleitenden Bolzen 14 wird ein Entweichen des komprimierten Gases aus Teilraum 5 verhindert.
In das bewegliche Kontaktstück 6 greift in der Einschaltstellung des Schalters der feststehende Kontaktstift 15 ein.
A compression switch shown in FIG. 1 contains a compression device with a stationary compression piston 2 and a movable compression cylinder 20 surrounding it. A compression contact 20, which is surrounded by an insulating nozzle 3, is firmly connected to the compression cylinder 20. The insulating nozzle has channels 23 extending from the interior of the compression cylinder 20 in order to lead the extinguishing gas into the extinguishing zone. The compression cylinder 20 is divided by a partition wall 21 into a subspace 4 facing the nozzle and a subspace 5 facing away from the nozzle. Check valves 10 are arranged in the partition wall 21 and open towards the partial space 4. The hollow movable contact 6 continues in the blow-back tube 7, which has first openings 9, which establish a connection to the partial space 4 of the compression space, and second openings 8, which open outside the compression space into a space 22 inside the compression piston 2. The space 22 is connected via openings 24 to a space outside the switching device. The switching device is composed of the compression device and the switching contacts. The room 22 therefore corresponds to the room surrounding the switching device. Arranged within the blow-back pipe 7 is a fixed pipe 13, which is connected to the fixed piston 2 via a plurality of bolts 14 distributed around the circumference, which reach through slots 26 in the blow-back pipe 7. The bolts 14 sliding in the slots 26 prevent the compressed gas from escaping from the subspace 5.
In the switched-on position of the switch, the fixed contact pin 15 engages in the movable contact piece 6.

Ausserdem können hier nicht dargestellt konzentrisch zu dem Kontaktpaar 6, 15 angeordnete Kontakte zum Führen des Nennstromes vorgesehen werden.In addition, contacts (not shown) arranged concentrically with the contact pair 6, 15 can be provided for guiding the nominal current.

Nachfolgend ist die Arbeitsweise des Kompressionsschalters beschrieben:The operation of the compression switch is described below:

Beim Ausschalten wird mittels einer am Ende des Rückblasrohrs 7 fest angebrachten Betätigungsstange 25 der Kompressionszylinder 20 mit dem beweglichen Kontakt 6 und der Isolierdüse 3 bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Schalter nach unten bewegt. Dadurch erfolgt zunächst eine Verdichtung des Löschgases im Teilkompressionsraum 5.When switching off, the compression cylinder 20 with the movable contact 6 and the insulating nozzle 3 is moved downward in the switch shown in FIG. 1 by means of an actuating rod 25 fixedly attached to the end of the blow-back tube 7. As a result, the extinguishing gas is initially compressed in the partial compression space 5.

Der damit gegebene Differenzdruck zum Teilkompressionsraum 4 führt zum Öffnen der Rückschlagventile 10, so dass das komprimierte Löschgas in den Teilkompressionsraum 4 und von diesem durch die Durchgänge 23 und durch die Öffnung 9 des Rückblasrohres zu den Kontakten 6, 15 strömen kann.The differential pressure thus given to the partial compression space 4 leads to the opening of the check valves 10, so that the compressed extinguishing gas can flow into the partial compression space 4 and from there through the passages 23 and through the opening 9 of the blow-back tube to the contacts 6, 15.

Bei kleineren Ausschaltströmen, die in der Düse einen Differenzdruck erzeugen, der geringer als der durch die Verdichtung des Löschgases im Teilraum 5 auftretende Druck ist, bleiben die Rückschlagventile 10 während des gesamten Ausschaltvorganges geöffnet.In the case of smaller switch-off currents which generate a differential pressure in the nozzle which is lower than the pressure occurring in the subspace 5 due to the compression of the extinguishing gas, the check valves 10 remain open during the entire switch-off process.

Bei Erreichen des für die Stromunterbrechung erforderlichen Mindestabstandes der Kontakte werden die Öffnungen 9 im Rückblasrohr durch das feststehende Rohr 13 verdeckt (s. Fig. 2). Von diesem Augenblick an wird das Löschgas ausschliesslich durch die Durchgänge 23 zu den Schaltkontakten geleitet. Gleichzeitig mit dem Verschliessen der Öffnungen 9 werden im Zuge der Abwärtsbewegung des Rückblasrohres 7 die Öffnungen 8 freigegeben, so dass von diesem Zeitpunkt an die Beblasung des Lichtbogens durch die Düse und den hohlen beweglichen Kontakt 6 erfolgt. Das Löschgas strömt aus den Düsen in den Expansionsraum.When the minimum distance of the contacts required for the power interruption is reached, the openings 9 in the blow-back tube are covered by the fixed tube 13 (see FIG. 2). From this moment on, the extinguishing gas is passed exclusively through the passages 23 to the switch contacts. Simultaneously with the closing of the openings 9, the openings 8 are released in the course of the downward movement of the blow-back tube 7, so that from this point in time the arc is blown through the nozzle and the hollow movable contact 6. The extinguishing gas flows from the nozzles into the expansion space.

Bei der Unterbrechung von grossen Strömen steigt nach der Kontakttrennung der Druck durch die vom Lichtbogen bewirkte Erhitzung des Gases rasch auf hohe Werte an, so dass Löschgas aus der Düse über die Kanäle 23 und die Öffnung 9 im Rückblasrohr in den Teilraum 4 des Kompressionszylinders 20 zurückströmt. Dadurch steigt der Druck auch im Teilkompressionsraum 4 rasch an. Sobald der Druck im Teilkompressionsraum 4 den durch die Verdichtung des Löschgases im Teilraum 5 erzeugten Druck übersteigt, schliessen die Rückschlagventile 10. Da sich nur der Druck im Teilraum 5 auf den Antrieb auswirkt, ist der Antrieb durch das Schliessen, der Rückschlagventile von den hohen Drücken, die sich anschliessend im Teilraum 4 aufbauen, entlastet.When large flows are interrupted, the pressure rises rapidly after the contact separation due to the heating of the gas caused by the arc, so that extinguishing gas flows back from the nozzle via the channels 23 and the opening 9 in the blow-back pipe into the subspace 4 of the compression cylinder 20 . As a result, the pressure in the partial compression space 4 also rises rapidly. As soon as the pressure in the partial compression space 4 exceeds the pressure generated by the compression of the extinguishing gas in the partial space 5, the check valves 10 close. Since only the pressure in the partial space 5 affects the drive, the drive is closed by the check valves from the high pressures , which then build up in sub-room 4, relieved.

Durch die Ventile 18 im Kompressionskolben 2 kann der Druck im Teilraum 5 darüber hinaus auf Werte begrenzt werden, wie sie zur Löschung von kleinen Strömen erforderlich sind, ohne dass dadurch die Löschfähigkeit bei grossen Strömen beeinträchtigt wird. Bis zum Erreichen des für die Löschung notwendigen Mindestkontaktabstandes wird die Öffnung 8 des Rückblasrohres 7 durch das feststehende Rohr 13 verschlossen, so dass das Löschgas nicht über das Rückblasrohr 7 ungenutzt nach aussen abströmen kann.The valves 18 in the compression piston 2 can also limit the pressure in the sub-chamber 5 to values that are required to extinguish small flows, without the extinguishing ability being impaired in the case of large flows. Until the minimum contact distance necessary for the extinguishing is reached, the opening 8 of the blow-back pipe 7 is closed by the fixed pipe 13, so that the extinguishing gas cannot flow unused to the outside through the blow-back pipe 7.

In dieser Phase gibt ausserdem das feststehende Rohr 13 die Öffnung 9 im Rückblasrohr 7 frei, so dass eine strömungsgünstige Verbindung zum Teilraum 4 besteht. Damit wird das in der Düse durch den Lichtbogen erhitzte Gas in dieser Phase sowohl durch die Kanäle 23 als auch durch das Rückblasrohr dem Teilraum 4 zugeführt und in diesem für den anschliessenden Löschvorgang gespeichert.In this phase, the fixed pipe 13 also opens the opening 9 in the blow-back pipe 7, so that there is a streamlined connection to the subspace 4. In this phase, the gas heated by the arc in the nozzle is supplied to the subspace 4 both through the channels 23 and through the blow-back tube and is stored therein for the subsequent quenching process.

Nach dem Erreichen des Mindestkontaktabstandes wird, wie bereits beschrieben, die Öffnung 9 durch das feststehende Rohr 13 verschlossen, während die Öffnung 8 gleichzeitig freigegeben wird. In dem folgenden Nulldurchgang des Stromes nimmt der Druck in der Düse ebenfalls ab, so dass sich das Druckgefälle zwischen Teilraum 4 und Düse 3 umkehrt. Das im Teilraum 4 gespeicherte Löschgas wird jetzt durch die Kanäle 23 den Kontakten zugeführt und strömt durch die Düse und das Rückblasrohr aus der Löschzone ab und löscht dabei den Lichtbogen.After reaching the minimum contact distance, the opening 9 is closed by the fixed tube 13, as already described, while the opening 8 is released at the same time. In the following zero crossing of the flow, the pressure in the nozzle also decreases, so that the pressure drop between subspace 4 and nozzle 3 reverses. The quenching gas stored in sub-space 4 is now supplied to the contacts through channels 23 and flows out of the quenching zone through the nozzle and the blow-back tube and thereby extinguishes the arc.

Die Anordnung des feststehenden Rohres 13 innerhalb des beweglichen Rückblasrohres 7 hat den zusätzlichen Vorteil, dass das Rückblasrohr 7 entweder vor den heissen Lichtbogengasen vollständig geschützt oder diesen Gasen über einen kürzeren Zeitraum ausgesetzt wird. Damit kann das Rückblasrohr 7 aus leichteren, weniger abbrandfesten Werkstoffen hergestellt werden, wodurch sich die zur Beschleunigung erforderliche Energie reduziert.The arrangement of the fixed tube 13 within the movable blow-back tube 7 has the additional advantage that the blow-back tube 7 is either completely protected from the hot arc gases or is exposed to these gases over a shorter period of time. The blow-back tube 7 can thus be produced from lighter, less erosion-resistant materials, which reduces the energy required for acceleration.

Claims (5)

  1. Compression switch with a stationary contact (15) and a movable contact (6), a blow-back channel formed by the movable contact (6) and a blow-back tube (7), a compression device for quencher gas comprising a compression cylinder (20) connected with the movable contact (6) and a stationary compression piston (2), wherein during the switching-off movement up to attainment of a predetermined spacing of the contacts from one another the blow-back tube (7) is separated off from the surrounding space (22) and connected with the interior (4, 5) of the compression cylinder and after attainment of this predetermined spacing of the contacts the blow-back tube (7) is connected with the surrounding space (22) outside the compression cylinder and separated off from the interior of the compression cylinder, characterised thereby that a partition wall (21) divides a compression chamber present in the compression device into two partial compression chambers (4, 5), that at least one passage (24), which connects the two partial compression chambers (4, 5), is present in the partition wall (21), that this passage (24) is closable by a non-return valve (10) opening towards the partial compression chamber (4) remotely disposed with respect to the compression piston (2) and that a control element for the quencher gas is formed by a stationary tube (13) and first and second openings (9, 8) in the blow-back tube (7).
  2. Compression switch according to claim 1, characterised thereby that the stationary tube (13) is connected with the stationary compression piston (2) by way of bolts (14) which are guided through slots in the blow-back tube (7).
  3. Compression switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby that when the contacts (15, 16) are in contact in one end position thereof the interior of the blow-back tube (7) is connected by way of the first openings (9) with a partial chamber (4) adjoining the switch contacts and that the second openings (8) are closed by the stationary tube (13).
  4. Compression switch according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised thereby that in the other end position of the contacts (15, 16) when the compression switch is open the first openings (9) are closed by the stationary tube (13) and that the interior of the blow-back tube (7) is connected by way of the second openings (8) with the surrounding space (22).
  5. Compression switch according to one or more of the precedign claims, characterised thereby that in the case of minimum spacing of the contacts (15, 6) necessary for current interruption the first openings (9) are covered by the stationary tube (13) and the second openings (8) are connected with the surrounding space (22).
EP91107241A 1990-05-11 1991-05-04 Compression switch Expired - Lifetime EP0456139B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4015179 1990-05-11
DE4015179A DE4015179C2 (en) 1990-05-11 1990-05-11 Gas pressure switch

Publications (3)

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EP0456139A2 EP0456139A2 (en) 1991-11-13
EP0456139A3 EP0456139A3 (en) 1992-04-08
EP0456139B1 true EP0456139B1 (en) 1994-12-14

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EP91107241A Expired - Lifetime EP0456139B1 (en) 1990-05-11 1991-05-04 Compression switch

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6163001A (en) * 1998-04-14 2000-12-19 Abb Research Ltd. Puffer type circuit breaker with arcing chamber, auxiliary shunting contacts and exhaust structure with pressure relief valves

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE59200933D1 (en) * 1991-04-12 1995-01-26 Gec Alsthom T & D Ag Gas pressure switch.
DE4211159A1 (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-07 Siemens Ag Electrical high-voltage circuit breaker
FR2755293B1 (en) * 1996-10-28 1998-11-27 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa SEMI-MOBILE PISTON CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH HIGH CAPACITIVE CURRENT BREAKING POWER
FR2799571B1 (en) * 1999-10-07 2001-12-21 Schneider Electric High Voltag SELF-EXPANSION BREAKER WITH PRESSURE AND FILLING VALVE

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588407A (en) * 1967-07-31 1971-06-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Puffer piston gas blast circuit interrupter with insulating nozzle member and valve acting hollow contacts
JPS4981874A (en) * 1972-12-14 1974-08-07
FR2291601A1 (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-06-11 Alsthom Cgee Arc extinction by aurocompression in circuit breakers - involves use of cylinder type unit which has piston in centre delayed by spring
JPS5813565Y2 (en) * 1977-10-31 1983-03-16 日新電機株式会社 Suction puffer type switch
DE3104411A1 (en) * 1981-02-09 1982-08-26 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Electrical compression switch
EP0146671B1 (en) * 1983-11-15 1988-01-27 Sprecher Energie AG Compressed gas circuit breaker
US4665289A (en) * 1985-05-08 1987-05-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Puffer type gas insulated circuit breaker

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6163001A (en) * 1998-04-14 2000-12-19 Abb Research Ltd. Puffer type circuit breaker with arcing chamber, auxiliary shunting contacts and exhaust structure with pressure relief valves

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4015179C2 (en) 1994-03-10
EP0456139A2 (en) 1991-11-13
EP0456139A3 (en) 1992-04-08
DE59103843D1 (en) 1995-01-26
DE4015179A1 (en) 1991-11-14

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