EP0454280A2 - Raster roll for a coating apparatus comprising a depression gravure - Google Patents
Raster roll for a coating apparatus comprising a depression gravure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0454280A2 EP0454280A2 EP91250104A EP91250104A EP0454280A2 EP 0454280 A2 EP0454280 A2 EP 0454280A2 EP 91250104 A EP91250104 A EP 91250104A EP 91250104 A EP91250104 A EP 91250104A EP 0454280 A2 EP0454280 A2 EP 0454280A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- gravure
- depression
- engraving
- application
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007774 anilox coating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100327917 Caenorhabditis elegans chup-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
- B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
- B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
- B05C1/0808—Details thereof, e.g. surface characteristics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N7/00—Shells for rollers of printing machines
- B41N7/06—Shells for rollers of printing machines for inking rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
- B41N2207/02—Top layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N2207/00—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines
- B41N2207/10—Location or type of the layers in shells for rollers of printing machines characterised by inorganic compounds, e.g. pigments
Definitions
- the innovation relates to the engraving of an application roller, specifically an anilox roller for an application unit in a coating machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Application units of the type of interest here can only meet the high requirements for the uniformity of the coating if layers of the application medium of the same thickness are ensured at all times over the entire web width, in particular also the edge regions.
- the surface of the application roller which is provided with a matrix of cells for metering the application agent and which is in engagement with a doctor blade, forms very narrow webs between the cells and specifies a very small web-cell ratio.
- the shape and size of the cups in the ceramic layer inevitably determine the volume of the metering cups in the case of applicator rolls, and as a further one Parameters also include the web width of the engraving in the ceramic surface.
- Coating systems for web-shaped materials also work with anilox rollers in their application plants. But since the layer thickness of the application agent to be applied e.g. is ten to thirty times larger than in printing presses with anilox roller inking, most of the coating units work with anilox rollers that are engraved with hash marks.
- Engravings of this type transmit a maximum of application funds because the "wetness" is only limited by two webs.
- the other reason for the popularity of hash rollers in coating machines is the good emptying of the "well”.
- the engraving consists of elongated cups 1 which are flattened in cross section and are delimited by longitudinal webs 2 and transverse webs 3.
- the longitudinal webs 2 have a straight inner edge 4 towards the wells 1, while the transverse webs 3 delimit the wells with an arched inner edge 5.
- the entirety of the cells 1 arranged in rows and rows In this respect, it is fundamentally to be compared with a hash engraving, the line engraving of which, however, is delimited at a distance from one another by the transverse webs 3, with adjacent lines each having crossbar arrangements offset to a gap.
- the cups 1 are arched perpendicular to the direction of the quasi-linear structure, as shown in particular in FIG. 2; their cross section can correspond, for example, to a segment of a circle.
- the ratio of the length L of the cells to their width D can vary between 2: 1 to 20: 1.
- the width of the webs 2, 3 is dimensioned such that the doctor blade running in contact with the surface of the webs ensures a perfect wiping process over the entire width of the application roller.
- the direction of the engraving, ie that of the longitudinal and transverse webs 2, 3, is at an angle, preferably at an angle of 45 °, to the doctor blade or to the axis of rotation of the roller.
- the surface of the webs which comes into engagement with the squeegee is made of hard ceramic, just as the entire roller shell is made of ceramic at least over the depth of the cups 1.
- the inner surface of the cup 1 dosing the application agent is advantageously metal-coated, preferably copper-coated.
- the new engraving corresponds approximately to the pattern of masonry with "bricks” rounded off along the narrow sides, while the "mortar” between the masonry is formed by the longitudinal and transverse webs 2, 3.
- the engraving pattern is also comparable to a known way of laying parquet.
- the crossbars 3 do not have to each in such a way between two adjacent, separated by a longitudinal web 2 well arrangement at a gap to each other, which corresponds to the offset half the length of a well, other displacements are also possible, as well as the series arrangement of the transverse webs 3 in a row behind the entire width of the application roller.
- What is essential in the new parquet engraving pattern is the ratio of the length and width of the cells, i.e. their elongated shape.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Neuerung bezieht sich auf die Gravur einer Auftragswalze, und zwar einer Rasterwalze für ein Auftragswerk in einer Beschichtungsmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The innovation relates to the engraving of an application roller, specifically an anilox roller for an application unit in a coating machine according to the preamble of
Auftragswerke der hier interessierenden Art können die hohen Anforderungen an die Gleichmäßigkeit der Beschichtung nur erfüllen, wenn jederzeit gleich dicke Schichten des Auftragsmittels über die gesamte Bahnbreite, insbesondere auch die Randbereiche sichergestellt sind.Application units of the type of interest here can only meet the high requirements for the uniformity of the coating if layers of the application medium of the same thickness are ensured at all times over the entire web width, in particular also the edge regions.
Die für die Dosierung des Auftragsmittels mit einer Matrix von Näpfchen versehene Oberfläche der Auftragswalze, die mit einer Rakel in Eingriff steht, bildet zwischen den Näpfchen sehr schmale Stege und gibt ein sehr kleines Steg-Näpfchen-Verhältnis vor.The surface of the application roller, which is provided with a matrix of cells for metering the application agent and which is in engagement with a doctor blade, forms very narrow webs between the cells and specifies a very small web-cell ratio.
Es ist bekannt, auf einen dynamsich ausgewuchteten Kern einer solchen Walze eine Keramikschicht aufzubringen und die erforderliche Anzahl und Form der Näpfchen oder Vertiefungen mittels Laserstrahl in eine solche Oberfläche einzugravieren. Solche Näpfchen zeigen in Aufsicht eine weitgehend quadratische Form. Die Näpfchen können zumindest teilweise metallisch ausgekleidet sein.It is known to apply a ceramic layer to a dynamically balanced core of such a roller and to engrave the required number and shape of the wells or depressions into such a surface by means of a laser beam. Such cups show a largely square shape when viewed from above. The cells can be at least partially lined with metal.
Form und Größe der Näpfchen in der Keramikschicht bestimmen bekanntlich bei Auftragswalzen zwangsläufig das Volumen der Zumeßnäpfchen, wobei als weiterer Parameter auch die Stegbreite der Gravur in der Keramikoberfläche eingeht.As is known, the shape and size of the cups in the ceramic layer inevitably determine the volume of the metering cups in the case of applicator rolls, and as a further one Parameters also include the web width of the engraving in the ceramic surface.
Beschichtungsanlagen für bahnförmige Materialien arbeiten in ihren Auftragswerken ebenfalls mit Rasterwalzen. Da aber die Schichtdicke des aufzutragenden Auftragsmittels z.B. zehn bis dreißigmal größer ist als in Druckmaschinen mit Rasterwalzen-Einfärbung, arbeiten die meisten Auftragswerke in Beschichtungsanlagen mit Rasterwalzen, die mit einer Haschurengravur versehen sind.Coating systems for web-shaped materials also work with anilox rollers in their application plants. But since the layer thickness of the application agent to be applied e.g. is ten to thirty times larger than in printing presses with anilox roller inking, most of the coating units work with anilox rollers that are engraved with hash marks.
Gravuren dieser Art übertragen ein Maximum an Auftragsmitteln, weil das "Näßfchen" lediglich durch zwei Stege begrenzt ist. Der andere Grund für die Beliebtheit von Haschurenwalzen in Beschichtungsmaschinen ist die gute Entleerung des "Näpfchens". Diesen beiden Vorteilen steht ein gravierender Nachteil gegenüber. Es kommt nämlich während der Drehung der Walze zu einer kontinuierlichen Bewegung des Auftragsmittels in axialer Richtung. Dies führt zu der gefürchteten "Randverdickung" des bahnförmigen Substrates.Engravings of this type transmit a maximum of application funds because the "wetness" is only limited by two webs. The other reason for the popularity of hash rollers in coating machines is the good emptying of the "well". These two advantages are offset by a serious disadvantage. This is because there is a continuous movement of the application means in the axial direction during the rotation of the roller. This leads to the dreaded "edge thickening" of the web-shaped substrate.
Als Folge treten of unüberwindliche Probleme beim Aufwickeln auf. Des weiteren muß die Bahn bei der Weiterverarbeitung beschnitten werden, was zu ärgerlichem Materialausschuß führt.As a result, there are insurmountable winding problems. Furthermore, the web must be trimmed during further processing, which leads to annoying material waste.
Dieser Nachteil wird neuerungsgemäß für eine Auftragswalze der gattungsgemäßen Art durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs angegebenen Merkmale erreicht.This disadvantage is achieved according to the innovation for an applicator roller of the generic type by the features specified in the characterizing part of the claim.
Dadurch, daß mit der Näpfchendimensionierung gewissermaßen ein Kompromis zwischen der bisher bekannten Näpfchenstruktur einerseits und der Linienstruktur andererseits geschaffen wird, lassen sich die Vorteile der beiden bekannten Gravuren miteinander vereinigen, ohne daß hinsichtlich der Rakel bzw. dem Zusammenwirken derselben mit der Auftragswalze Schwierigkeiten entstehen. Die Zudosierung des Auftragsmittels durch die langgestreckten Näpfchen erfolgt mit den Eigenschaften der bekannten, weitgehend linienförmigen quadratischen Näpfchen, jedoch unter Vermeidung von nachteiligen Randverdickungen für die herzustellende Beschichtung auf einer Papierunterlage oder dergleichen Basismaterial.Characterized in that with the well dimensioning a kind of compromise between the well-known well structure on the one hand and the line structure on the other hand is created, the advantages of the two known engravings can be combined with each other without difficulties with regard to the doctor blade or the interaction thereof with the application roller. The metering of the application agent through the elongated cells takes place with the properties of the known, largely linear square cells, but with the avoidance of disadvantageous edge thickenings for the coating to be produced on a paper base or similar base material.
Anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen soll die vorliegende Neuerung im einzelnen näher erläutert werden. Es zeichen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Draufsicht auf einen Oberflächenabschnitt einer Auftragswalze mit neuerungsgemäßer Näpfchengravur
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A ― A' gestrichen und
- Fig. 3
- einen Schnitt entlang der Linie B ― B' gestrichen von Fig. 1
- Fig. 1
- a plan view of a surface portion of an applicator roller with the well of the innovation
- Fig. 2
- deleted a section along the line A - A 'and
- Fig. 3
- a section along the line B - B 'deleted from Fig. 1st
Wie aus den Zeichnungsdarstellungen zu entnehmen, besteht die Gravur aus langgestreckten, im Querschnitt ausgeflachten Näpfchen 1, die von Längsstegen 2 und Querstegen 3 begrenzt sind. die Längsstege 2 weisen zu den Näpfchen 1 hin eine gerade verlaufende innere Kante 4 auf, während die Querstege 3 die Näpfchen mit eiern gewölbten inneren Kante 5 begrenzen. Die Gesamtheit der reihen- und zeilenweise angeordneten Näpfchen 1 ist insoweit grundsätzlich mit einer Haschurengravur zu vergleichen, deren Liniengravur jedoch im Abstand zueinander von den Querstegen 3 begrenzt wird, wobei jeweils aneinander grenzende Linien auf Lücke versetzte Quersteganordnungen aufweisen. Senkrecht zur Richtung der quasi Linienstruktur sind die Näpfchen 1 bogenförmig ausgenommen, wie insbesondere Fig. 2 zeigt, ihr Querschnitt kann beispielsweise einem Kreissegment entsprechen.As can be seen from the drawings, the engraving consists of
Das Verhältnis der Länge L der Näpfchen zu ihrer Breite D kann zwischen 2 : 1 bis 20 : 1 schwanken. Die Breite der Stege 2,3 ist so bemessen, daß die über die Auftragswalze ablaufende in Berührungseingriff mit der Oberfläche der Stege stehenden Rakel einen einwandreien Abstreifvorgang sicherstellt, und zwar über die gesamte Breite der Auftragswalze. Die Richtung der Gravur, also die der Längs- und Querstege 2,3 liegt dabei in einem Winkel, vorzugsweise in einem Winkel von 45° zur Rakel bzw. zur Rotationsachse der Walze.The ratio of the length L of the cells to their width D can vary between 2: 1 to 20: 1. The width of the
Die mit der Rakel in Eingriff kommende Oberfläche der Stege besteht aus Hartkeramik, wie auch der gesamte Walzenmantel mindestens über die Tiefe der Näpfchen 1 aus Keramik hergestellt ist. Die das Auftragsmittel dosierende innere Oberfläche der Näpfchen 1 ist vorteilhaft metallbeschichtet, vorzugsweise kupferbeschichtet.The surface of the webs which comes into engagement with the squeegee is made of hard ceramic, just as the entire roller shell is made of ceramic at least over the depth of the
In Draufsicht entspricht die neuerungsgemäße Gravur in etwa dem Muster eines Mauerwerkes mit jeweils entlang der Schmalseiten abgerundeten "Ziegelsteinen" während der "Mörtel" zwischen dem Mauerwerk von den Längs- und Querstegen 2,3 gebildet ist. Vergleichbar ist das Gravurmuster auch mit einer bekannten Verlegart von Parkett. Selbstverständlich müssen die Querstege 3 nicht jeweils derart zwischen zwei benachbarten, durch einen Längssteg 2 getrennten Näpfchenanordnung auf Lücke versetzt zueinander liegen, was der Versetzung der halben Länge eines Näpfchens entspricht, es sind auch andere Versetzungen möglich, wie auch die Reihenweiseanordnung der Querstege 3 hintereinander hinter die gesamte Breite der Auftragswalze. Wesentlich bei dem neuerungsgemäßen Parkett-Gravurmuster ist nur das Verhältnis von Länge und Breite der Näpfchen, also ihre längliche Form.In plan view, the new engraving corresponds approximately to the pattern of masonry with "bricks" rounded off along the narrow sides, while the "mortar" between the masonry is formed by the longitudinal and
Dieses wird entsprechend den rheologischen Eigenschaften des Auftragsmittels gewählt. Hochviskose Auftragsmittel führen beispielsweise zu einem Faktor 20, während dünnflüssige Mittel einen Wert bis 2 erforderlich machen können.This is chosen according to the rheological properties of the application agent. Highly viscous application agents, for example, lead to a factor of 20, while low viscosity agents can require a value of up to 2.
Claims (1)
daß das Verhältnis der Länge L der Näpfchen (1) zu ihrer Breite D von 2 : 1 bis 20 : 1 beträgt.Well engraving on an applicator roller, namely an anilox roller for an applicator, the peripheral jacket of the roller receiving the engraving being made of ceramic and the wells being separated from one another by longitudinal and transverse webs, characterized in that
that the ratio of the length L of the cells (1) to their width D is from 2: 1 to 20: 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9004666U | 1990-04-25 | ||
| DE9004666U DE9004666U1 (en) | 1990-04-25 | 1990-04-25 | Application roller, namely anilox roller for an application unit, with cell engraving |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0454280A2 true EP0454280A2 (en) | 1991-10-30 |
| EP0454280A3 EP0454280A3 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
| EP0454280B1 EP0454280B1 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
Family
ID=6853190
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91250104A Expired - Lifetime EP0454280B1 (en) | 1990-04-25 | 1991-04-16 | Raster roll for a coating apparatus comprising a depression gravure |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0454280B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE117597T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE9004666U1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI912014A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO911596L (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1298550C (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2007-02-07 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Photogravure press and method for manufacturing multilayer-ceramic electronic component |
| DE102017105603A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2017-09-21 | Kurt Zecher Gmbh | Anilox roller for a printing press |
| WO2021046288A1 (en) | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Harper Corporation Of America | Engraved roller for flexographic and gravure printing |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL415898A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-07-31 | Zakład Poligraficzny Pol-Mak P.D. Makowiak Spółka Jawna | Ink fountain and method for engraving the ink fountain |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2380047A (en) * | 1942-10-03 | 1945-07-10 | Frank W Hyman | Method of and means for applying coatings |
| DE3336374A1 (en) * | 1983-10-06 | 1985-04-18 | Kurt Zecher GmbH, 4790 Paderborn | Ink transfer roller |
| US4819558A (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1989-04-11 | Pamarco Incorporated | High efficiency fluid metering roll |
| EP0350434A2 (en) * | 1988-07-05 | 1990-01-10 | W. HALDENWANGER TECHNISCHE KERAMIK GMBH & CO. KG | Forme rollers and method for their construction |
-
1990
- 1990-04-25 DE DE9004666U patent/DE9004666U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-04-16 DE DE59104358T patent/DE59104358D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-16 EP EP91250104A patent/EP0454280B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-16 AT AT91250104T patent/ATE117597T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-23 NO NO91911596A patent/NO911596L/en unknown
- 1991-04-25 FI FI912014A patent/FI912014A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2380047A (en) * | 1942-10-03 | 1945-07-10 | Frank W Hyman | Method of and means for applying coatings |
| DE3336374A1 (en) * | 1983-10-06 | 1985-04-18 | Kurt Zecher GmbH, 4790 Paderborn | Ink transfer roller |
| US4819558A (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1989-04-11 | Pamarco Incorporated | High efficiency fluid metering roll |
| EP0350434A2 (en) * | 1988-07-05 | 1990-01-10 | W. HALDENWANGER TECHNISCHE KERAMIK GMBH & CO. KG | Forme rollers and method for their construction |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1298550C (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2007-02-07 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Photogravure press and method for manufacturing multilayer-ceramic electronic component |
| DE102017105603A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2017-09-21 | Kurt Zecher Gmbh | Anilox roller for a printing press |
| DE202017007692U1 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2024-06-20 | Kurt Zecher Gmbh | Anilox roller for a printing machine |
| WO2021046288A1 (en) | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-11 | Harper Corporation Of America | Engraved roller for flexographic and gravure printing |
| EP4025429A4 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2023-10-04 | Harper Corporation of America | Engraved roller for flexographic and gravure printing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO911596D0 (en) | 1991-04-23 |
| FI912014A (en) | 1991-10-26 |
| DE9004666U1 (en) | 1990-07-26 |
| EP0454280A3 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
| DE59104358D1 (en) | 1995-03-09 |
| ATE117597T1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| NO911596L (en) | 1991-10-28 |
| EP0454280B1 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
| FI912014A0 (en) | 1991-04-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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