EP0450883B1

EP0450883B1 - Electroplated Blank for Coins, Medallions, Tokens or Tags

Info

Publication number: EP0450883B1
Application number: EP91302796A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Mitshuhiro Yasuda; Michael John Harvey Ruscoe; Allan H. Lee
Original assignee: Sherritt Inc
Current assignee: Viridian Inc Canada
Priority date: 1990-04-02
Filing date: 1991-03-28
Publication date: 1996-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 2011-03-28
Also published as: EP0450883A2; AU651338B2; JPH0688289A; EP0450883A3; AU7394991A; JP2826201B2; CA2013639C; RU2091236C1; KR0139222B1; DE69119641T2; FI911535A0; ATE138426T1; CA2013639A1; PL167438B1; FI911535A; PL166521B1; ZA912174B; KR910017986A; CS9100802A2; DE69119641D1

Abstract

An electroplated blank is disclosed capable of having insignia minted on at least one face to form coins, medallions or tokens, the blank comprising a metallic core e.g. of steel, with an electroplated coating comprising 0.5 to 8% by weight tin, the balance copper, completely enveloping said blank and having a thickness of from about 5 mu m to about 50 mu m.

Description

This invention relates to metal alloy coins, medallions, tokens or tags and to blanks therefor, having improved wear resistance compared to copper coins while maintaining a cupric lustre and appearance.
In recent years, the rising cost of coinage metals has encouraged many countries to strike relatively inexpensive alloy coins in an effort to obtain reduced production costs. Various alloys of copper and zinc as well as of nickel, aluminium and other metals have been used with varying success.
The integrity of the coins is frequently judged by the general public by their appearance which is expected to be of a lustre of gold, silver or copper, depending on their face value. It is important that the coins do not change colour with age or otherwise corrode.
Other requirements for new alloyed coins are that they must not be easy to counterfeit, should provide specific properties for coin selection devices, must be capable of taking a good mint impression while having a sufficient surface hardness to avoid undue wear, and should be inexpensive.
In EP-B-0163419 there are disclosed aureate coin and coin blanks having an electroplated coating on a metal core, the coating containing about 8 to 16%, preferably about 11 to 14%, by weight tin, the balance copper. The coating thickness on the core faces is about 10 to 150 µm, preferably about 30 to 50 µm. The coins and blanks have a golden appearance and are suitable for replacement of gold coins.
Because of the high cost of the refined copper, pure copper or copper alloy coins currently in use are expensive and the seigneurage, which is the difference between the face value of the coin and its production cost, becomes small or of deficit value. Attempts to produce pure copper plating on low value cores in the past were found to produce coins subject to corrosion and wear problems. This was believed to be due to the coarse grain size, deposit porosity and the inherent poor wear resistance of such copper.
WO-A-8403522 relates mainly to copper-zinc-tin alloys for producing gold-coloured coins. However, one of the comparison examples (Alloy 26 on page 10) comprises a copper-tin alloy containing 5% by weight tin. The resulting coin is made entirely of the alloy and does not have a core.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a coin, coin blank, medallion, medallion blank, token, token blank, tag or tag blank comprising: a core of mintable metallic material having a first surface bearing, or capable of bearing, a minted impression; and an electroplated coating of a copper-tin alloy completely encasing the core, the coating having a thickness, at least on the first surface, in the range of 5 µm to 50 µm; characterised in that the electroplated coating has a cupric lustre and appearance and the copper-tin alloy contains from 0.5% to 2.12% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing an electroplated blank for a coin, medallion, token or tag, wherein the method comprises: forming a metal core from a mintable first metal, the core having a first surface which is to be provided with a minted impression; and electroplating the core, prior to minting, with a copper-tin alloy to provide, at least on the first surface, an electroplated copper-tin alloy coating having a thickness of from 5 to 50 µm; characterised in that the electroplated coating has a cupric lustre and appearance and the copper-tin alloy deposited on the core by electrodeposition comprises from 0.5% to 2.12% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.
The tin-copper (bronze) alloy used in the present invention is believed to provide better protection to the core than pure copper due to a weaker galvanic corrosion couple between the metals and due to a more dense electrodeposit.
Preferably, the copper-tin alloy contains from 0.5% to 2.0% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.
Preferably, the copper-tin alloy contains 2% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.
Although the metallic material of the core is exemplified in the following examples as low carbon steel, it will be understood that the metallic core material may for example comprise iron, low carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel, nickel-plated steel, zinc, or alloys of zinc, copper or various alloys of copper containing zinc and/or nickel and/or tin, and aluminium or aluminium alloys suitably pretreated.
The core may be advantageously annealed before or after plating, to give the blank with electroplated coating a satisfactory low hardness for minting. Annealing after electroplating is also advantageous in that it can be used to create a metallurgical bond by interdiffusion between the electroplated low-tin copper coating and the core material. For this purpose the electroplated blank is preferably annealed prior to minting by heating in a reducing atmosphere, e.g. in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas for up to 15 minutes at about 700°C.
If the core material is already soft enough for minting, as with a zinc core, the annealing before plating can be omitted. Also the core may be burnished before or after annealing, in order to give the electroplated blank a satisfactory lustre.
The method of the invention and the products produced thereby will now be described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures 1A and 1B are cross-sections showing the microstructures of, respectively, an annealed copper bonded steel (C-B-S) coin of the prior art and a bronze bonded steel (B-B-S) coin produced according to the method of the invention; and
Figure 2 is a graph showing thickness loss as a result of wear over time.

EXAMPLE 1

A batch of rimmed coinage blanks made of low carbon steel and weighing 949 grams was loaded into a perforated, rotatable, horizontal plating barrel having a length of 15 cm and a diameter of 10 cm. The barrel was first passed through a cleaning cycle consisting of sequential washes in a 10% detergent solution, cold water, 10% hydrochloric acid, and a second cold water wash. The blanks were then immersed in an alkaline cyanide bronze plating bath containing copper, tin, potassium hydroxide and potassium cyanide. A current of 15 amps was applied to the bath for approximately 1.8 hours while the temperature of the bath was maintained between about 55°C and 60°C.
When removed from the bath, the total mass of coinage blanks was found to have increased by 58.7 grams, equivalent to 5.82% of the total charge weight of the blanks. A wet analysis of the blanks showed them to have a deposit of 2.12% tin by weight.
After plating, the coinage blanks were annealed in a reducing atmosphere at 700°C for 15 minutes in the presence of hydrogen. The coinage blanks were found to have an electrodeposit thickness of bronze on their faces of approximately 21 µm, and around their rims of approximately 30 µm.
Such coatings were found to be metallurgically bonded to the steel blanks and had a finer grain deposit and provided improved corrosion and wear resistance compared to pure copper similarly bonded.

EXAMPLE 2

Bronze bonded steel (B-B-S) coinage blanks prepared according to the process of the present invention were evaluated with copper bonded steel (C-B-S) blanks and Canadian one cent coin blanks for corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The coin blanks were immersed in a 2% NaCl bath for the corrosion test and tumbled in a rotating drum for the wear test.
The parameters of the coinage test samples are shown in Table 1.
In the corrosion test, coins or blanks were immersed in a 2% NaCl solution for 4 hours. The results of a corrosion test conducted on 10 samples of each blank type are shown in Table 2. Table 2

Sample On Faces On Edge

C-B-S 11 rust spots/10 blanks 7 rust spots/10 blanks

B-B-S 0/10 blanks 0/10 blanks

Canadian 1c 0/10 blanks 0/10 blanks
Black rust spots were found only on the copper bonded steel samples. All rust spots were smaller than 1 mm in size.

EXAMPLE 3

A rotating drum wear test was carried out on 16 samples of each blank type. In this test, samples were tumbled in a rotating cylinder having a cloth lining backed by rubber, a hump on the circumference to tumble the pieces each revolution, and a loading hole on one side. At the start, pieces were weighed, dipped in synthetic sweat solution, sealed into the cylinder and rotated, with the test cycle being repeated at 100 hour intervals. The cumulative average surface thickness loss for the samples as a function of test duration up to 300 hours is shown in Figure 2. The bronze bonded steel samples showed better wear resistance than the copper bonded steel blanks and Canadian one cent samples, while the latter two sample types had similar wear resistance over the 300 hour test period.
In general, the bronze bonded steel blanks were superior to the copper bonded steel blanks in both corrosion and wear tests.
The steel core blanks were sufficiently soft to take a clear impression from a mint die without causing undue wear on such dies. The electrodeposited alloy coating exhibited sufficient surface hardness that the insignia minted thereon was not worn away after prolonged wear testing.
While this invention is particularly suitable for producing coins to be used as legal tender, it will be understood that it is beneficial in the production of medallions, tokens and metallic tags as well.

Claims

A coin, coin blank, medallion, medallion blank, token, token blank, tag or tag blank comprising:
a core of mintable metallic material having a first surface bearing, or capable of bearing, a minted impression; and

an electroplated coating of a copper-tin alloy completely encasing the core, the coating having a thickness, at least on the first surface, in the range of 5 µm to 50 µm;

characterised in that the electroplated coating has a cupric lustre and appearance and the copper-tin alloy contains from 0.5% to 2.12% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.
A coin, medallion, token, tag or blank as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core is composed of iron, low carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel, nickel-plated steel, zinc or zinc alloy, copper or copper alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy, or pretreated aluminium or aluminium alloy.
A coin, medallion, token, tag or blank as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the copper-tin alloy contains from 0.5% to 2% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.
A coin, medallion, token, tag or blank as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the copper-tin alloy contains 2% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.
A method of producing an electroplated blank for a coin, medallion, token or tag, wherein the method comprises:
forming a metal core from a mintable first metal, the core having a first surface which is to be provided with a minted impression; and

electroplating the core, prior to minting, with a copper-tin alloy to provide, at least on the first surface, an electroplated copper-tin alloy coating having a thickness of from 5 to 50 µm;

characterised in that the electroplated coating has a cupric lustre and appearance and the copper-tin alloy deposited on the core by electrodeposition comprises from 0.5% to 2.12% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.
A method according to claim 5, wherein the core is subjected to a dilute acid rinse prior to electroplating.
A method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the core is annealed prior to electroplating.
A method according to claim 5, 6 or 7, wherein the blank is annealed after electroplating and prior to minting to provide a metallurgical bond between the electroplated coating and the core material.
A method according to claim 8, wherein the electroplated blank is annealed prior to minting by heating the electroplated blank in a reducing atmosphere for up to 15 minutes at about 700°C in the presence of a reducing gas.
A method according to claim 9, wherein the reducing gas is hydrogen.
A method according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the copper-tin alloy contains from 0.5% to 2% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.
A method according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the copper-tin alloy contains 2% by weight tin with the balance, apart from incidental impurities, being copper.