CA1219708A - Aureate coins, medallions and tokens - Google Patents
Aureate coins, medallions and tokensInfo
- Publication number
- CA1219708A CA1219708A CA000453305A CA453305A CA1219708A CA 1219708 A CA1219708 A CA 1219708A CA 000453305 A CA000453305 A CA 000453305A CA 453305 A CA453305 A CA 453305A CA 1219708 A CA1219708 A CA 1219708A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coin
- metallic material
- blank
- weight
- electroplated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 13
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
- A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
- A44C21/00—Coins; Emergency money; Beer or gambling coins or tokens, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/005—Jewels; Clockworks; Coins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/58—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of copper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12229—Intermediate article [e.g., blank, etc.]
- Y10T428/12236—Panel having nonrectangular perimeter
- Y10T428/12243—Disk
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
- Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/21—Circular sheet or circular blank
- Y10T428/216—Ornamental, decorative, pattern, or indicia
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An aureate coin, coin blank, medallion, medallion blank, token or token blank has a coin-shaped core with opposed faces and a peripheral side edge and of mintable metallic material. An electroplated coating of copper and tin completely encases the core and provides a golden appearance. The electroplated coating contains from about 8 to about 16% tin by weight and has a thickness of from about 10 to about 150 µm.
An aureate coin, coin blank, medallion, medallion blank, token or token blank has a coin-shaped core with opposed faces and a peripheral side edge and of mintable metallic material. An electroplated coating of copper and tin completely encases the core and provides a golden appearance. The electroplated coating contains from about 8 to about 16% tin by weight and has a thickness of from about 10 to about 150 µm.
Description
7C)~3 This invention relates to aureate coins, medallions or tokens and blanks used for the production of coins, medallions or tokens, that is to say metal blanks or minted coins, medallions or tokens having a golden appearance.
Many countries are replacing or planning to replace bank notes by coins, mainly because bank notes are expensive forms of currency compared to coins in view of the relatively short life of bank no~es. Bank notes are thus not desirable as low value currency, and inflation is of course resulting in bank notes in many countries now representing low value currency. It is bank notes of such low value currency that are being replaced by coins.
It has become established in many countries that low value coins have a coplper colour, and that middle and high value coins have a silver colour. In the past, solid gold coins have been used for relatively high value currency, but today are struck only for the numismatic value or as a convenient form of bullion. However, gold is now so expensive that a present day gold coin would necessarily comprise a base metal core with a very thin gold coating, perhaps only 1-2 ~m. The small gold thickness would be likely to wear through to the base metal core during the normal service life of the coin and the intrinsic value of the gold would be lost.
Various attempts have been made to produce satisfactory inexpensive aureate coins for use as relatively high value currency. Brass, typically 70% copper and 30%
zinc, is a common yellow coinage alloy, bu~ it tarnishes in service and is thus associated with cheapness in the public ~97~8 eye. An attempt has recently been made to overcome this problem by replacing 5% of the zinc with nickel, but the resulting colour is a pale yellow rather than gold. In another attempt, an alloy composition of 92~ copper, 6%
nickel and 2% aluminum has been used, but thi-s composition has a pink hue and tends to turn brown in service. Other attempts have also been made with other alloy compositions but none has had a long lasting satisfactory golden appear-ance.
Another problem with common yellow coins of solid low melting point brass and bronze is that they are easy to counterfeit. Still another problem is that a coin must have acceptable physical properties, such as weight, size and electrical and magnetic properties, for use in coin-operated vending equipment having coin testing devices which rely on such properties to distinguish a required coin from other coins and fraudulent replicas of the required coin. For example, the nickel modified brass coin mentioned above is non-magnetic and hence will not be accepted by vending equipment which only accepts magnetic coins. A further problem is that a coin blank must be readily mintable, i.e.
it must be soft enough to be readily deformed by coin dies during the minting procedure to impart the required insignia to the coin faces. The coin blanks must not be too hard, otherwise the costly coin dies would wear out too quickly or an undesirable shallow impression would be produced on the struck coin. This is undesirable since coin dies are expensive.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an aureate coin which overcomes the above mentioned ~9~
problems, that is to say an aureate coin which is relatively inexpensive to produce, has a satisfactory service life with respect both to acceptable colour and other physical proper-ties such as wear, is suitable for use in coin-operated vending equipment with coin validation device~ which check physical properties including electrical and magnetic properties, and is not easily counterfeited.
According to the invention, a coin, medallion or token product (i.e. a minted coin, medallion or token or blanks used for the production of coins, medallions or tokens) has a coin-shaped core with opposed faces and a peripheral side edge of mintable metallic material, and an electroplated coating comprising copper and tin completely encasing the core and providing a long lasting golden appearance in use. The electroplated coating may contain from about 8 to about 16% tin by weight, preferably from about 11 to about 14%. The electroplated coating may have a thickness on each core face of from about 10 to about 150 ~m, preferably from about 30 to about 50 ~m. The total weight of the electroplated coating may be from about 2 to about 26%, preferably from about 6 to about 10%, of the total weight of the product.
Although it is known to electroplate metal articles such as door handles with an alloy of copper and tin to produce a bronze finish, bronze of the composition described, part~cularly at the high end of the tin range, is well known to be a hard alloy which cannot be readily rolled or worked into strip form, i.e. which cannot normally be worked into a coinage product. Thus, bronzes in the above composition range would not normally be considered for use 97()8 as coinage materials. Also, considering the relatively high cost of tin, such high tin alloys would not normally be considered for coinage.
In accordance with the present invention however, it has been discovered that a coin, medallion or token product as described above has an acceptable long-lasting aureate appearance, i.e. is satisfactorily resistant to tarnishing, and with suitable choice of core material is readily mintable and has suitable properties for acceptance by conventional coin selection devices in vending machines.
A coin, medallion or token product in accordance with the invention is also inexpensive to produce and has a satis-factory service life. Also, compared to coins with a homo-geneous composition, a coin, medallion or token product in accordance with the invention is not readily counterfeitable.
Coin, medallion or token blanks in accordance with the invention may for example be produced in barrel-plating equipment in the manner described in Canadian patent No.
1,093,498, issued January 13, 1981 and the corresponding 20 United States patent No. 4,089,753 issued May 16, 1978, using a suitable copper-tin electroplating bath.
As mentioned above, the metallic core material should be readily mintable, chosen for low cost, provide specific properties for coin selection devices, and for optimum protection against counterfeiting. The core material may for example comprise, iron, steel or stainless steel, nickel, nickel-plated steel, zinc, copper or various alloys of copper containing zinc and/or nickel and/or tin.
It IS also recognized that if given a suitable pretreatment, cores of aluminum or aluminum alloys may be used.
~2~L97'~
In some cases, the core is advantageously annealed, before or after plating, to give the blank a satisfactory low hardness for minting. Annealing after electroplating is also advantageous in that it can be used to create a metallurigcal bond by interdiffusion between the electroplated copper-tin coating and the core material. If the core material is already soft enough for minting, as with zinc, annealing may be omitted.
A flJrther advantage is that coins, medallions or tokens in accordance with the invention have a relatively low friction surface which renders them relatively easy to extract from coin minting collars after striking.
Tests have shown that aureate coins in accordance with the invention and having a nickel core may have similar physical properties (including magnetic properties) to nickel or nickel-plated steel coins for which coin vending devices have been designed, and hence may replace such prior coins without any changes being necessary to the coin vending devices. Furthermore, aureate coins having specially selected core materials consisting principally of alloys of copper, zinc and nickel have been shown to have a discrete and unique response in modern electro-magnetic coin vending devices, thus providing high security against counterfeiting.
Production of aureate coins in accordance with the invention and having nickel cores will now be described by way of example.
EXAMPLE
A batch comprising 25 kg of rimmed solid nickel blanks was loaded into a perforated, rotatable, horizontal plating barrel of length 91 cm and diameter 36 cm. The barrel was then passed through a cleaning cycle consisting of rinses in ho~ alkaline detergent, hot water, cold water, 10% HCl and again in cold water.
After the final rinse, the barrel was immersed in an alkaline copper-tin plating bath containing about 32 g/L
copper and 26 g/L tin. The temperature of the bath was 75C, and a voltage of 6~25 V was applied giving a current of 431 A. After 3.6 h, the barrel was removed from the plating bath and passed through a cold rinse and an anti-staln rlnse.
After plating, the blanks were found to have a copper-tin electrodeposit equal to 9.1~ of the weight of the plated blank. The tin content of the deposit was 13.0%.
The thickness of the electrodeposit was 43 ~m on the faces and 105 ~m on the side edge.
The plated blanks were then passed to a production annealing furnace with a temperature setting of 750C and a hot zone retention time of 12 minutes to reduce their 20 hardness from about 78 to about 32 on the Rockwell 30T
hardness scale. Annealed blanks were then cleaned, polished and brightened in a two-stage process comprising acid washing followed by detergent burnishing. Burnished blanks were then minted using chromium plated dies, and produced bright, shiny, golden yellow coloured coins.
Although the major portion of the foregoing description has been concerned with coins, it will be noted that the invention is equally applicable to medallions or tokens. Other embodiments of the invention will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art, the scope of the invention being defined in the appended claims.
Many countries are replacing or planning to replace bank notes by coins, mainly because bank notes are expensive forms of currency compared to coins in view of the relatively short life of bank no~es. Bank notes are thus not desirable as low value currency, and inflation is of course resulting in bank notes in many countries now representing low value currency. It is bank notes of such low value currency that are being replaced by coins.
It has become established in many countries that low value coins have a coplper colour, and that middle and high value coins have a silver colour. In the past, solid gold coins have been used for relatively high value currency, but today are struck only for the numismatic value or as a convenient form of bullion. However, gold is now so expensive that a present day gold coin would necessarily comprise a base metal core with a very thin gold coating, perhaps only 1-2 ~m. The small gold thickness would be likely to wear through to the base metal core during the normal service life of the coin and the intrinsic value of the gold would be lost.
Various attempts have been made to produce satisfactory inexpensive aureate coins for use as relatively high value currency. Brass, typically 70% copper and 30%
zinc, is a common yellow coinage alloy, bu~ it tarnishes in service and is thus associated with cheapness in the public ~97~8 eye. An attempt has recently been made to overcome this problem by replacing 5% of the zinc with nickel, but the resulting colour is a pale yellow rather than gold. In another attempt, an alloy composition of 92~ copper, 6%
nickel and 2% aluminum has been used, but thi-s composition has a pink hue and tends to turn brown in service. Other attempts have also been made with other alloy compositions but none has had a long lasting satisfactory golden appear-ance.
Another problem with common yellow coins of solid low melting point brass and bronze is that they are easy to counterfeit. Still another problem is that a coin must have acceptable physical properties, such as weight, size and electrical and magnetic properties, for use in coin-operated vending equipment having coin testing devices which rely on such properties to distinguish a required coin from other coins and fraudulent replicas of the required coin. For example, the nickel modified brass coin mentioned above is non-magnetic and hence will not be accepted by vending equipment which only accepts magnetic coins. A further problem is that a coin blank must be readily mintable, i.e.
it must be soft enough to be readily deformed by coin dies during the minting procedure to impart the required insignia to the coin faces. The coin blanks must not be too hard, otherwise the costly coin dies would wear out too quickly or an undesirable shallow impression would be produced on the struck coin. This is undesirable since coin dies are expensive.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an aureate coin which overcomes the above mentioned ~9~
problems, that is to say an aureate coin which is relatively inexpensive to produce, has a satisfactory service life with respect both to acceptable colour and other physical proper-ties such as wear, is suitable for use in coin-operated vending equipment with coin validation device~ which check physical properties including electrical and magnetic properties, and is not easily counterfeited.
According to the invention, a coin, medallion or token product (i.e. a minted coin, medallion or token or blanks used for the production of coins, medallions or tokens) has a coin-shaped core with opposed faces and a peripheral side edge of mintable metallic material, and an electroplated coating comprising copper and tin completely encasing the core and providing a long lasting golden appearance in use. The electroplated coating may contain from about 8 to about 16% tin by weight, preferably from about 11 to about 14%. The electroplated coating may have a thickness on each core face of from about 10 to about 150 ~m, preferably from about 30 to about 50 ~m. The total weight of the electroplated coating may be from about 2 to about 26%, preferably from about 6 to about 10%, of the total weight of the product.
Although it is known to electroplate metal articles such as door handles with an alloy of copper and tin to produce a bronze finish, bronze of the composition described, part~cularly at the high end of the tin range, is well known to be a hard alloy which cannot be readily rolled or worked into strip form, i.e. which cannot normally be worked into a coinage product. Thus, bronzes in the above composition range would not normally be considered for use 97()8 as coinage materials. Also, considering the relatively high cost of tin, such high tin alloys would not normally be considered for coinage.
In accordance with the present invention however, it has been discovered that a coin, medallion or token product as described above has an acceptable long-lasting aureate appearance, i.e. is satisfactorily resistant to tarnishing, and with suitable choice of core material is readily mintable and has suitable properties for acceptance by conventional coin selection devices in vending machines.
A coin, medallion or token product in accordance with the invention is also inexpensive to produce and has a satis-factory service life. Also, compared to coins with a homo-geneous composition, a coin, medallion or token product in accordance with the invention is not readily counterfeitable.
Coin, medallion or token blanks in accordance with the invention may for example be produced in barrel-plating equipment in the manner described in Canadian patent No.
1,093,498, issued January 13, 1981 and the corresponding 20 United States patent No. 4,089,753 issued May 16, 1978, using a suitable copper-tin electroplating bath.
As mentioned above, the metallic core material should be readily mintable, chosen for low cost, provide specific properties for coin selection devices, and for optimum protection against counterfeiting. The core material may for example comprise, iron, steel or stainless steel, nickel, nickel-plated steel, zinc, copper or various alloys of copper containing zinc and/or nickel and/or tin.
It IS also recognized that if given a suitable pretreatment, cores of aluminum or aluminum alloys may be used.
~2~L97'~
In some cases, the core is advantageously annealed, before or after plating, to give the blank a satisfactory low hardness for minting. Annealing after electroplating is also advantageous in that it can be used to create a metallurigcal bond by interdiffusion between the electroplated copper-tin coating and the core material. If the core material is already soft enough for minting, as with zinc, annealing may be omitted.
A flJrther advantage is that coins, medallions or tokens in accordance with the invention have a relatively low friction surface which renders them relatively easy to extract from coin minting collars after striking.
Tests have shown that aureate coins in accordance with the invention and having a nickel core may have similar physical properties (including magnetic properties) to nickel or nickel-plated steel coins for which coin vending devices have been designed, and hence may replace such prior coins without any changes being necessary to the coin vending devices. Furthermore, aureate coins having specially selected core materials consisting principally of alloys of copper, zinc and nickel have been shown to have a discrete and unique response in modern electro-magnetic coin vending devices, thus providing high security against counterfeiting.
Production of aureate coins in accordance with the invention and having nickel cores will now be described by way of example.
EXAMPLE
A batch comprising 25 kg of rimmed solid nickel blanks was loaded into a perforated, rotatable, horizontal plating barrel of length 91 cm and diameter 36 cm. The barrel was then passed through a cleaning cycle consisting of rinses in ho~ alkaline detergent, hot water, cold water, 10% HCl and again in cold water.
After the final rinse, the barrel was immersed in an alkaline copper-tin plating bath containing about 32 g/L
copper and 26 g/L tin. The temperature of the bath was 75C, and a voltage of 6~25 V was applied giving a current of 431 A. After 3.6 h, the barrel was removed from the plating bath and passed through a cold rinse and an anti-staln rlnse.
After plating, the blanks were found to have a copper-tin electrodeposit equal to 9.1~ of the weight of the plated blank. The tin content of the deposit was 13.0%.
The thickness of the electrodeposit was 43 ~m on the faces and 105 ~m on the side edge.
The plated blanks were then passed to a production annealing furnace with a temperature setting of 750C and a hot zone retention time of 12 minutes to reduce their 20 hardness from about 78 to about 32 on the Rockwell 30T
hardness scale. Annealed blanks were then cleaned, polished and brightened in a two-stage process comprising acid washing followed by detergent burnishing. Burnished blanks were then minted using chromium plated dies, and produced bright, shiny, golden yellow coloured coins.
Although the major portion of the foregoing description has been concerned with coins, it will be noted that the invention is equally applicable to medallions or tokens. Other embodiments of the invention will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art, the scope of the invention being defined in the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. A process for producing an aureate coin having mint deformed insignia on at least one face, comprising:
providing a coin core blank of the desired size and shape having opposed faces and a peripheral side edge of a first metallic material which is soft enough to be readily deformed by coin dies during minting;
electroplating said coin core blank with a coat-ing of a second metallic material, which is harder than said first metallic material and not readily deformed by coin dies, to completely encase said coin core blank with a coating having a face thick-ness from about 10 to about 150µm, said second metallic material comprising about 8 to about 16%
by weight, with the balance copper; and forming insignia on said at least one face of the plated blank by at least one coin die deforming the surface thereof.
providing a coin core blank of the desired size and shape having opposed faces and a peripheral side edge of a first metallic material which is soft enough to be readily deformed by coin dies during minting;
electroplating said coin core blank with a coat-ing of a second metallic material, which is harder than said first metallic material and not readily deformed by coin dies, to completely encase said coin core blank with a coating having a face thick-ness from about 10 to about 150µm, said second metallic material comprising about 8 to about 16%
by weight, with the balance copper; and forming insignia on said at least one face of the plated blank by at least one coin die deforming the surface thereof.
2. The process of claim 1, including the step of softening the coin blank by annealing prior to plating.
3. The process of claim 1, including the step of softening the coin blank by annealing after plating and prior to forming the insignia thereon.
4. An electroplated aureate coin having insignia on at least one face formed by minting, comprising:
a coin core blank having opposed faces and a peripheral side edge of a first metallic material which is soft enough to be deformed by coin dies during minting; and an electroplated coating of a second metallic material completely encasing said blank, said coat-ing being of a material which, by itself, is not soft enough to be deformed by coin dies and con-tains from about 8 to about 16% tin by weight, with the balance copper, and having a face thickness of from about 10 to about 150µm, said insignia being formed by minting after the coating is electroplated.
a coin core blank having opposed faces and a peripheral side edge of a first metallic material which is soft enough to be deformed by coin dies during minting; and an electroplated coating of a second metallic material completely encasing said blank, said coat-ing being of a material which, by itself, is not soft enough to be deformed by coin dies and con-tains from about 8 to about 16% tin by weight, with the balance copper, and having a face thickness of from about 10 to about 150µm, said insignia being formed by minting after the coating is electroplated.
5. The coin of claim 4 in which the electroplated coating contains from about 11 to about 14% tin by weight, and the balance copper.
6. The coin of claim 4 in which the face thickness of the electroplated coating is from about 30 to about 50µm.
7. The coin of claim 4 in which the weight of the electroplated coating is from about 2 to about 26% of the weight of the coin.
8. The coin of claim 7 in which the weight of the electroplated coating is from about 6 to about 10% of the weight of the coin.
9. The coin of claim 4 in which the first metallic material comprises iron, steel or stainless steel.
10. The coin of claim 4 in which the first metallic material comprises nickel or nickel alloy.
11. The coin of claim 4 in which the first metallic material comprises zinc or zinc alloy.
12 . The coin of claim 4 in which the first metallic material comprises a copper or copper alloy composition.
13. The coin of claim 4 in which the first metallic material comprises aluminum or aluminum alloy
14. The coin of claim 4 in which the first and second metallic materials are metallurgically bonded by inter-diffusion.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA000453305A CA1219708A (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1984-05-01 | Aureate coins, medallions and tokens |
IN352/DEL/85A IN163911B (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1985-04-24 | |
AT85302932T ATE37729T1 (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1985-04-25 | GOLDEN COINS, MEDALLIONS AND TOKENS AND METHODS OF MAKING THEM. |
DE8585302932T DE3565411D1 (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1985-04-25 | Aureate coins, medallions and tokens and method for the production thereof |
EP85302932A EP0163419B1 (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1985-04-25 | Aureate coins, medallions and tokens and method for the production thereof |
KR1019850002857A KR910002665B1 (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1985-04-27 | Coin medal and token |
JP60093510A JPS6111895A (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1985-04-30 | Coin |
US06/761,333 US4579761A (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1985-07-31 | Method of making aureate colored coins, medallions and tokens and products so made |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA000453305A CA1219708A (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1984-05-01 | Aureate coins, medallions and tokens |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1219708A true CA1219708A (en) | 1987-03-31 |
Family
ID=4127772
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000453305A Expired CA1219708A (en) | 1984-05-01 | 1984-05-01 | Aureate coins, medallions and tokens |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4579761A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0163419B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6111895A (en) |
KR (1) | KR910002665B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE37729T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1219708A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3565411D1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN163911B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6656606B1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2003-12-02 | The Westaim Corporation | Electroplated aluminum parts and process of production |
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GB8305610D0 (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1983-03-30 | Imi Kynoch Ltd | Alloy |
JPS6288877A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-04-23 | Hamamatsu Gasket Seisakusho:Kk | Metallic gasket |
US4917967A (en) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-04-17 | Avon Products, Inc. | Multiple-layered article and method of making same |
DE3940244A1 (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1991-06-06 | Ver Deutsche Nickel Werke Ag V | Plated composite material for coinage use - has base roll plated followed by thin electroplating layer |
CA2013639C (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1998-06-23 | Mitsuhiro Yasuda | Electroplated blank for coins, medallions and tokens |
CA2019568C (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1998-11-24 | Hieu C. Truong | Coins coated with nickel, copper and nickel and process for making such coins |
US5151167A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1992-09-29 | Royal Canadian Mint | Coins coated with nickel, copper and nickel and process for making such coins |
US5139886A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1992-08-18 | Royal Canadian Mint | Coins coated with nickel, copper and nickel |
DE4035738A1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-14 | Deutsche Nickel Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING TWO-PIECE COIN BLANKS AND LIKE COIN BLANK |
KR950011840B1 (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 1995-10-11 | 아사히 세이꼬 가부시끼 가이샤 | Coin selecting method and the apparatus |
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US7296370B2 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2007-11-20 | Jarden Zinc Products, Inc. | Electroplated metals with silvery-white appearance and method of making |
CA2580791C (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2010-04-27 | Jarden Zinc Products, Inc. | Electroplated metals with silvery-white appearance and method of making |
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CN103668359B (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2016-03-02 | 上海造币有限公司 | A kind of electroplate liquid of multilayer non-cyanide copper electroplating-tin alloy coat, electroplating technology and coin thereof |
DE112012007113T5 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2015-08-20 | Monnaie Royale Canadienne / Royal Canadian Mint | Improved techniques for producing gold bronze by interdiffusion of tin and copper under controlled conditions |
ITVI20120300A1 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-09 | Italo Caoduro | OBJECT WITH SURFACE COVERING LAYER OBTAINED BY ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITION, ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION USED IN SUCH A DEPOSITION AND METHOD OF REALIZING THIS ITEM. |
US20170129643A9 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2017-05-11 | World Bottling Cap Llc | Bottle crown with opener assembly |
TWI589494B (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2017-07-01 | World Bottling Cap Llc | Bottle crown with opener assembly |
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FR743797A (en) * | 1931-10-19 | 1933-04-06 | ||
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US2886500A (en) * | 1956-11-01 | 1959-05-12 | Battelle Development Corp | Electroplating of copper alloys |
US3108006A (en) * | 1959-07-13 | 1963-10-22 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Plating on aluminum |
JPS4823720B1 (en) * | 1967-05-20 | 1973-07-16 | ||
GB1276272A (en) * | 1971-03-12 | 1972-06-01 | Franklin Mint Inc | Bimetallic coin |
US3834879A (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1974-09-10 | J Chin | Plated coins |
US4089753A (en) * | 1974-09-16 | 1978-05-16 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited | Process for the production of nickel clad steel coinage blank |
CA1015905A (en) * | 1974-09-16 | 1977-08-23 | Arthur G. Mcmullen | Nickel clad steel coinage blank |
JPS52106331A (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1977-09-06 | Kosaku Kk | Plating bath |
GB1558803A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1980-01-09 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Coins and similarly discshaped articles |
CA1101363A (en) * | 1978-10-31 | 1981-05-19 | Michael J.H. Ruscoe | Process for the production of coin blanks |
US4247374A (en) * | 1979-04-20 | 1981-01-27 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited | Method of forming blanks for coins |
DE3116135C2 (en) * | 1981-04-23 | 1983-02-10 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Use of a copper alloy as a material for gold-colored coins |
DE3116125C2 (en) * | 1981-04-23 | 1983-02-10 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Use of a copper alloy as a material for gold-colored coins |
GB2102708B (en) * | 1981-07-28 | 1984-11-21 | Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd | Process for producing coin blanks |
JPS58171561A (en) * | 1982-03-31 | 1983-10-08 | Pentel Kk | Electroless plating method |
GB8305610D0 (en) * | 1983-03-01 | 1983-03-30 | Imi Kynoch Ltd | Alloy |
-
1984
- 1984-05-01 CA CA000453305A patent/CA1219708A/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-04-24 IN IN352/DEL/85A patent/IN163911B/en unknown
- 1985-04-25 EP EP85302932A patent/EP0163419B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-04-25 AT AT85302932T patent/ATE37729T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-04-25 DE DE8585302932T patent/DE3565411D1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-04-27 KR KR1019850002857A patent/KR910002665B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-04-30 JP JP60093510A patent/JPS6111895A/en active Pending
- 1985-07-31 US US06/761,333 patent/US4579761A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6656606B1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2003-12-02 | The Westaim Corporation | Electroplated aluminum parts and process of production |
US6692630B2 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2004-02-17 | The Westaim Corporation | Electroplated aluminum parts and process for production |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0163419B1 (en) | 1988-10-05 |
ATE37729T1 (en) | 1988-10-15 |
DE3565411D1 (en) | 1988-11-10 |
US4579761A (en) | 1986-04-01 |
EP0163419A3 (en) | 1986-05-28 |
KR850008614A (en) | 1985-12-21 |
EP0163419A2 (en) | 1985-12-04 |
KR910002665B1 (en) | 1991-05-03 |
IN163911B (en) | 1988-12-10 |
JPS6111895A (en) | 1986-01-20 |
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