EP0448676B1 - Steel cassette for ceiling and/or wall constructions in buildings, dwellings and the internal structures and superstructures of ships - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP90/01706 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 13, 1991 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 13, 1991 PCT Filed Oct. 11, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO91/05925 PCT Pub. Date May 2, 1991.The steel coffer is provided in the form of a box-like coffer element (1) of great load-bearing capacity, having a wall (2), flat per se, and a circumferential, multiply-folded edge section (3), which has stiffening sections (4) fastened underneath the coffer wall (2), has perforations (5) and connecting holes (6) in the circumferential edge section (3) and has, in the corners, notches (7) for folding the edge sections (3) and for insertion of the supports (8).

Description

The invention relates to a steel cassette for ceiling and / or wall constructions, in particular for interior fittings and superstructures on ships or transportable or easily relocatable building and residential units.

In shipbuilding, steel bulkheads have long been known as vertical or horizontal boundaries, the arrangement of which essentially serves to protect against fire or also determine the structural stability.

It is the constructive goal to bridge the largest possible support distances, i.e. spans, and to minimize the number of structural support columns of ceiling constructions. At the same time, it is necessary to create installation space for house technology, such as ventilation, water, heating, extinguishing systems, etc.

There are e.g. Z. Steel bulkheads used as ceiling panels with a sheet thickness of 6 to 7 mm instead of using the required minimum of 5 mm, because the subsequent welding processes require excessive warpage and corresponding rework.

According to the static calculation, high-level T-beam profiles are welded in at certain intervals. The resulting free fields of the sheet metal plates are braced with special shipbuilding profiles. This construction is welded into craneable building sections and, if necessary, turned several times in order to create optimal welding positions and conditions.

These sections are later joined and welded to other sections.

A general problem is to achieve the least possible tension and distortion of the construction with the least amount of steel, because of the considerable welding work.

The object of the invention is to provide a steel cassette with high resilience as a simple, inexpensive and optimally weighted, prefabricated component in which the welding and straightening work is minimized considerably and which represents a low-warpage construction and can be connected in a modular principle with the same plates and supports and which is equipped with assembly aids and openings for installations for the formation of ceiling and / or wall structures.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of patent claim 1, the design features listed in the subclaims also representing advantageous and beneficial developments of the task solution.

The object of the invention extends not only to the features of the individual claims, but also to their combination.

With the steel cassette according to the invention as a folded and stiffened cassette element, the basic, constructive arrangement of the freely spanned area and its corresponding supports not changed.

The freely spanned field between four supports forms a sheet steel plate made of 5 mm thick sheet metal. The approx. 450 mm high edge profiles between the supports are formed from the sheet metal plate by bending deformation. For advantageous, static utilization, a further or two further bends are formed on the folded edge profile.

This multi-edged edge profile extends on all four edge areas of the sheet metal plate and forms the support for the steel cassette.

At the corners of the sheet metal plate, the notches required to fold the molded edge profiles and to accommodate the supports are left out and the necessary openings for later installations by punching technology, flame cutting, laser, or the like are made in the edge profiles.

Holes are also made in the folded support profiles of the sheet metal plate, through which adjacent sheet metal cassettes with their folded edge profiles are joined by rivet, screw, and bolt connections. A minimum of welded connections can be made between the manufactured cassettes at a suitable location to improve the static of the adjacent steel cassettes.

To stiffen the free field area between the supports, a number of stiffening profiles are fixed under the cassette wall and / or on the edge profiles by spot welding processes or spot fusion welding or weld seams in the contact strips and / or on the front ends of the stiffening profiles, whereby the distortion is reduced to a minimum .

Such a steel cassette is simple in construction, inexpensive to manufacture, shows only minor Welding points, which largely prevents warping and communication.

This steel cassette has a high level of stability with a given sheet thickness, is self-supporting due to the folded edge profiles and stiffening profiles and shows a high load capacity with a relatively large span.

The steel cassette can be easily connected to several cassettes according to the modular principle at the final assembly location and fixed on supports with their load-bearing edge profiles and their notches on the supports by welding, rivets, screws, sealing compound, or the like.

This prefabricated steel cassette also shows all the requirements for assembly aids and breakthroughs for subsequent assembly activities and installation relocations of various types.

The area of application of this steel cassette is intended in particular for shipbuilding and for transportable or relocatable building and residential units as ceiling and / or wall elements with a high load-bearing capacity, but this steel cassette can also be used in other areas of light, but resilient and self-supporting steel construction.

• Fig. 1 eine Unteransicht zweier nebeneinander angeordnete, miteinander verbundener und an Stützen festgelegter Stahlkassetten,
• Fig. 2 einen querschnitt durch eine Stahlkassette mit angrenzender, benachbarter Stahlkassette gemäß Schnittlinie B-B in Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 einen Längsschnitt eines Teilbereiches der Stahlkassette gemäß Schnittlinie A-A in Fig. 1,
• Fig. 4 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Abkantbereiches der Stahlkassette,
• Fig. 5 eine Unteransicht der gestanzten Blechplatine mit Faltlinien und eckseitigen Ausklinkungen der Stahlkassette,
• Fig. 6 eine Stirnansicht der aus der Blechplatine geformten und ausgesteiften Stahlkassette,
• Fig. 7 eine Längs-Seitenansicht derselben Stahlkassette,
• Fig. 8 einen Seitenausschnitt der Stahlkassette gemäß Bereich C in Fig. 7,
• Fig. 9 eine Draufsicht auf den eckseitigen Ausklinkungsbereich der Stahlkassette mit eingeschweißtem Eckwinkel,
• Fig. 10 einen Querschnitt durch ein in der abgekanteten Stahlkassette durch Schweißen befestigtes Aussteifungsprofil,
• Fig. 11 eine schematische Darstellung eines Teilbereiches eines Gebäudes mit an Stützen festgelegten und Gebäudedecken bildenden Stahlkassetten.

In the drawings, an embodiment is shown in a variation of the invention, which is explained in more detail below. It shows:

• 1 is a bottom view of two steel cassettes arranged next to one another, connected to one another and fixed to supports,
• 2 shows a cross section through a steel cassette with an adjacent, adjacent steel cassette according to section line BB in FIG. 1,
• 3 shows a longitudinal section of a partial area of the steel cassette according to section line AA in FIG. 1,
• 4 is a perspective view of the folding area of the steel cassette,
• 5 is a bottom view of the punched sheet metal plate with fold lines and notches on the corner of the steel cassette,
• 6 is an end view of the steel cassette formed and braced from the sheet metal blank,
• 7 is a longitudinal side view of the same steel cassette,
• 8 shows a side section of the steel cassette according to area C in FIG. 7,
• 9 is a plan view of the notch area of the steel cassette on the corner with a welded corner bracket,
• 10 shows a cross section through a stiffening profile fastened in the folded steel cassette by welding,
• 11 shows a schematic representation of a partial area of a building with steel cassettes fixed to supports and forming building ceilings.

The steel cassette (1), especially for interior fittings and superstructures for ships or other land objects in steel construction or transportable or easily displaceable living and hall units based on light steel construction and other wall and / or ceiling constructions, is of a box-shaped cassette element with in flat wall (2) and all-round, multiple-edged edge profile (3), under the wall (2) attached stiffening profiles (4), in the peripheral edge profile (3) recessed openings (5) and connecting holes (6) and in the corners of the Steel cassette (1) horizontal notches (7) for folding the edge profiles (3) and for inserting supports (8).

The steel cassette (1) - the cassette element (1) - preferably shows a rectangular basic shape and, on all four sides of the rectangle, the edge profiles (3), which are bent over several times, as carriers of the cassette element (1) for the construction.

Each edge profile (3) has an L-shaped cross section and has a leg (3a) that is bent perpendicular to the wall (2), an adjoining leg (3b) that runs parallel to the wall (2) and an adjoining leg folded leg (3c) running parallel to the leg (3a) and directed towards the wall (2), the vertical leg (3a) being longer than the leg (3b) and this in turn being longer than the leg (3c) (Fig . 4 and 8).

Holes (6) in the form of bores are provided in the bent legs (3a) of the edge profiles (3) for the connection of adjacent steel cassettes (1), through which rivets (9), screws, bolts, or the like are connected for the cassette connection. be put. Furthermore, openings (5) in the same and / or different size and shape for subsequent installations of ventilation, heating, water, extinguishing systems and the like are left in the vertical legs (3a) of the edge profiles (3). The openings (5) preferably each have an oval or slot-shaped basic shape and lie below or between the stiffening profiles (4) (FIGS. 3 and 8).

A notch (7) is made in each of the four corners of the steel cassette (1), which enables the edge profiles (3) to be bent.

In the corner or corners, where no supports (8) are arranged, the vertical legs (3a) abut one another and the other two legs (3b, 3c) each have a miter cut (10) and are then mitred to each other. In the corner or corners where supports (8) are arranged, the notch (7) is made larger in the direction of the wall (2) by half the cross-section of the support, so that the supports (8) partially in the wall (2) Engage the steel cassette (1) and the protruding cross-sectional part of the supports (8) lies in the adjacent steel cassette (1) and its notches (7).

For example, the steel cassette (1) is equipped with three larger notches (7) for the arrangement of three supports (8) and the fourth corner in the notch (7) is only up to the fold lines (11) between the wall (2) and the vertical one Legs (3a) introduced (see bottom right corner in Fig. 5, dash-dotted lines), so that then the edge profiles (3) stand against each other and miter.

Under the wall (2) of each steel cassette (1), the stiffening profiles (4), which extend across the entire width of the steel cassette (1) between the edge profiles (3) and the one and are extending at a parallel distance to one another and preferably transverse to the longitudinal direction of the cassette hat-shaped or trapezoidal cross-section and which are connected to the wall (2) by means of spot welding or by resistance welding with fastening strips (4a) directed outwards under the wall (2).

The steel cassettes (1) preferably lie on support collars (8a) of the supports (8) in their corner area (cf. FIGS. 4, 8 and 9), specifically where two or four cassettes (1) meet , which are then screwed, riveted or welded to the supports (8) in the region of the notches (7).

Such a steel cassette (1) is manufactured as follows:
As the starting material, a sheet metal plate (one-piece or from two sheets connected by welding sheet metal) is used, which is prefabricated in its outer contours and with all the necessary openings (5) and holes (6) by flame cutting technology, laser technology, stamping technology, or the like.

In Fig. 5 this sheet metal plate with the notches (7), the punched-out openings (5) and holes (6) is shown and for the folds of the edge profiles (3) the folded edges (11, 12, 13) are indicated in lines.

This prepared sheet metal plate is brought to various deformation stations via roller conveyors in order to achieve the previously described edge profiles (3) (beams / beams) by means of bending technology. The sheet metal plate remains in the horizontal plane while the bending machine deforms the edge areas.

The prefabricated stiffening profiles (4) for stiffening the cassette surface from the inside are introduced into the folded cassette (1) and by spot welding (14) or by resistance welding with the cassette wall (2) and at both ends of the length with weld seams (15) with the Edge profile legs (3a) connected.

As shown in Fig. 9, corner brackets (16) can be welded in all four notched corners (7) of the steel cassette (1), which close the notches (7) towards the inside of the cassette over the entire height of the cassette, thus giving closed, recessed corners .

These welded corner brackets (16) give the steel cassette (1) greater transport stability and, furthermore, these corner brackets (16) represent connecting surfaces for a casting compound.

As can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 11, the steel cassettes (1) which are supported on the support collars (8a) of the supports (8) lie with their corner brackets (16) with a gap (17) around the supports (8) and in this gap (17) a potting compound of the appropriate type, such as resin, plastic, bitumen, or the like, is introduced, which connects the support (8) over the entire height of the cassette (1) with its corner bracket (16) and which simultaneously has a Sound and vibration isolation (damping) results.

Fig. 11 shows the use of the steel cassettes (1) as ceiling elements in building construction.

6, 7 and 8, the steel cassette (1) formed from the circuit board can be clearly seen, the internal stiffening profiles (4) covered by the edge profiles (3) being drawn in full lines and in the circuit board drawing for better understanding 5, the arrangement of the stiffening profiles (4) is shown by dashed lines.

In the cassette (1) according to the invention, the metal sheets of any size up to the maximum, commercially available delivery form, for. B. Length = 14,000 mm x width B = 3,000 mm, sheet thickness = 4 - 7 mm, or also by joining two commercially available sheets in a suitable welding process up to a maximum sheet size of approx. 14,000 mm x 6,000 mm with the same sheet thickness at the corners the panel is released and the edges of the panel are made by bending and not by welding as a sheet metal plate with molded edge profiles (3) as a carrier. The free areas of this sheet are braced by light trapezoidal sheet profiles (4); Joining technology mainly spot welding.

The resulting steel cassette can take loads of up to 1,000 kg / sqm depending on the choice of sheet thickness and sheet size, as well as the height of the folded beams (3).

The special feature is, therefore, the ability to create a load-bearing floor ceiling made of steel with molded beams (3) for payloads, as required in residential construction and commercial buildings, with spans up to a maximum of approx.13,000 mm x 5,000 mm through the steel cassette (1).

This construction represents a special feature because no process technologies are known to date for producing such steel cassettes (1) by means of the deformation technique of the edge zones.

Claims (11)

1. Steel cassette for ceiling and/or wall constructions in buildings, living modules, structures and superstructures of ships, characterised by a box-type cassette element (1) having in themselves plane walls (2) and a peripheral edge profile (3) folded back several times, reinforcement profiles (4) fixed beneath the walls (2), cutouts (5) and communicating holes (6) in the peripheral edge profile (3), and in the corners notches (7) for folding back the edge profiles (3) and for introducing upright members (8).
2. Steel cassette according to claim 1, characterised in that the cassette element (1) has a rectangular base and on all four sides of the rectangle possesses the respective edge profile (3) which is folded back on itself several times.
3. Steel cassette according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that each edge profile (3) of the cassette element (1) is L-shaped in cross-section and has one leg (3a) folded back perpendicular to the walls (2), one adjoining leg (3b) parallel to the walls (2) and folded back, and one folded leg (3c), adjoining the latter leg, parallel to leg (3a) and directed towards the walls (2), the vertical leg (3a) being longer than the horizontal leg (3b) and the latter in turn being longer than the second vertical leg (3c) (Fig. 4).
4. Steel cassette according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that holes (6) in the form of drilled holes are provided in the folded vertical leg (3a) of each edge profile (3) for connecting adjoining cassette elements (1) by rivets (9), screws, pins or the like.
5. Steel cassette according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that in the vertical leg (3a) of the edge profiles (3) are cutouts (5) made in identical and different sizes and shapes for subsequent installation of ventilation, heating, water, fire extinguishing systems or the like.
6. Steel cassette according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that in the corner or corners of same (1), for location on upright members (8) the size of the notches (7) is increased by half the cross-section of the upright member in the direction of the wall (2), thereby allowing adjoining cassette elements (1) to each be located on a common upright member (8).
7. Steel cassette according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in the corner or corners of same (1) without the use of upright members the notch (7) is introduced as far as the fold lines (11) between the walls (2) and the vertical leg (3a) and the edge profiles (3) meet by their vertical legs (3a) and the other two legs (3b, 3c) are mitre-jointed to one another (10).
8. Steel cassette according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the reinforcement profiles (4) are spaced apart from one another in parallel and run at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the cassette and extend the entire width of the cassette element (1) between the edge profiles (3) and have a domed or trapezoidal cross-section and are connected by outwardly directed fixing rails (4a) beneath the walls (2) using fusion spot-welding (14) and/or resistance welding and/or weld seams (15) to the walls (2) and/or the edge profile (3).
9. Steel cassette according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the cutouts (5) are oval or slot-shaped and are made beneath or between the reinforcement profiles (4) in the edge profiles (3).
10. Steel cassette according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that corner brackets (16) which seal the interior of the cassette element (1) are welded into the notches (7) and extend the entire height of the cassette element and width of the notches.
11. Method for manufacturing the steel cassette according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterised by providing an in itself plane sheet-metal blank of rectangular base with the notches (7) in the four corners and in the edge profiles (3) with the cutouts (5) and holes (6), next bending the edge profiles (3) by folding them back several times, and then joining the reinforcement profiles (4) beneath the cassette walls (2) and/or between the edge profiles (3) to the cassette walls (2) by fusion spot-welding or resistance welding.

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