EP0447839B1 - Schmiedeverfahren und Schmiedemaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents

Schmiedeverfahren und Schmiedemaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0447839B1
EP0447839B1 EP91102753A EP91102753A EP0447839B1 EP 0447839 B1 EP0447839 B1 EP 0447839B1 EP 91102753 A EP91102753 A EP 91102753A EP 91102753 A EP91102753 A EP 91102753A EP 0447839 B1 EP0447839 B1 EP 0447839B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
swaging machine
chamber
displacement
stroke
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91102753A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0447839A1 (de
EP0447839B2 (de
Inventor
Antonino Duri'
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
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Danieli and C Officine Meccaniche SpA
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Publication of EP0447839B1 publication Critical patent/EP0447839B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J11/00—Forging hammers combined with forging presses; Forging machines with provision for hammering and pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/20—Drives for hammers; Transmission means therefor
    • B21J7/46—Control devices specially adapted to forging hammers, not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method to forge with a swaging machine and also a swaging machine suitable to perform the method.
  • the invention concerns a method which provides for a differentiated frequency of hammering during the forging step with a swaging machine for metals which is hydraulic or mechanical.
  • Hydraulic swaging machines of the type to which the invention is applied are disclosed and illustrated, for instance, in EP-A-0297312, US-A-4745793 or US-A-3707866.
  • Hydraulic swaging machines performing swaging work are fed at the present time by fixed displacement pumps and their hammering frequency is unchanged.
  • the hammering frequency is altered by small values by varying the number of revolutions of the pump, but this system in itself is neither enough nor advantageous in view of the masses in movement and therefore of the waste of energy with each variation in the quantity of movements.
  • the swaging machines whether hydraulic or mechanical, are of two types, one with a long stroke and the other with a short stroke.
  • the machines with a long stroke apply a small number of hammer blows per minute, whereas those with a short stroke carry out a greater number of hammer blows per minute.
  • Swaging machines with a long stroke are used for roughing work, whereas those with a short stroke serve for finishing work. Therefore, both machines are required to perform a finished forging work, so that one machine can be used for the rough-shaping and the other be used thereafter for the finishing.
  • the hammers of the swaging machine can perform at least two different strokes, a long stroke and a short stroke; the short stroke is associated with a greater frequency of hammer blows; this frequency may be four times or more greater than the slow frequency.
  • the drive motor may be an electric D.C. motor or an electric motor with a sliding connection or any other system which enables the speed of the drive shaft to be varied.
  • a second eccentric is placed in cooperation with the eccentric that actuates the relative single hammer.
  • the reciprocal positions of the two eccentrics determine the longest stroke, shortest stroke and any intermediate stroke.
  • each pump assembly cooperating with a specific hammer is equipped with means able to change its displacement.
  • Such change in its simplest form provides for the obtaining of two different displacements for each piston of the pump.
  • Modification of the displacement alters the quantity of oil aspirated by and pumped into the actuation chamber of the piston that bears the hammer in question.
  • the auxiliary piston may be formed with concentric elements, each of which can take up both the two inactive and working positions. These concentric elements, being one or more in number, can be set to work as required so as to obtain as many different displacements.
  • an independent chamber in which an auxiliary piston works or can work at the same time as the main piston is included coaxial with the chamber where the main piston works.
  • the ability to vary the displacement is achieved by inserting or not in the circuit one or the other of the compression/aspiration chambers or both of them.
  • alteration of the displacement alters also the quantity of hydraulic oil displaced and thus modifies the stroke of the specific piston that bears the hammer in question.
  • Fig.1 shows a diagram of a vertical section of a pump 10 corresponding to a main piston 11.
  • a chamber 13 in which the main piston 11 plunges is connected to the specific piston of the hydraulic swaging machine (not shown in the figures) through a pipe 12.
  • the hydraulic swaging machine may be of the type disclosed in EP-A-0297312 or in US-A-4,745,793 or be of another known type.
  • the main piston 11 is displaced axially by a connecting rod 14 actuated by a crankshaft 15 set in rotation by a motor 16.
  • the number of strokes per unit of time can be varied by speeding up or slowing down the rotation of the crankshaft 15, namely by acting on the motor 16 and crankshaft 15.
  • auxiliary piston 18 is positioned by an actuation piston 19 actuated by fluid under pressure coming from the pipe of a reservoir 17.
  • Fig.2 Avariant of the invention, shown diagrammatically in Fig.2 for instance, provides for two or more auxiliary pistons cooperating with the upper surface of the main piston 11. These auxiliary pistons may be independent and be positioned, for instance, along a circumference, or may be coaxial.
  • Fig.2 shows an example of coaxial auxiliary pistons (18-118-218 etc.)
  • each auxiliary piston 18 has a positioner assembly 20 comprising, for instance, a grearwheel-rack coupling 22, which in this case includes springs 21 to enable the auxiliary piston 18 to follow the stroke of the main piston 11.
  • Fig.3 shows another variant, which provides for at least two coaxial chambers 13-113 independent of each other.
  • the main piston 11 operates in one chamber 13, while the auxiliary piston 18 solidly fixed to the main piston 11 operates in the other chamber 113.
  • both pistons 11-18 operate in their own chambers 13-113, and the connection ordiscon- nection of one or both chambers 13-113 to or from the pipe 12 leading to the specific piston of the swaging machine determines the desired displacement.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zum Rohformen und Feinbearbeiten von metallischen Werkstücken mit einer einzigen Schmiedemaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hämmer einen ersten Arbeitstakt mit einem langen Hub und einer geringen Anzahl von Hammerschlägen pro Minute und einen zweiten Arbeitstakt mit einem kurzen Hub und einer großen Anzahl von Hammerschlägen pro Minute aufweisen, wobei dem ersten Arbeitstakt die Rohformung und dem zweiten Arbeitstakt die Feinbearbeitung zugeordnet ist und die Geschwindigkeit eines Antriebsmotors den ersten und zweiten Arbeitstakten entsprechend zugeordnet wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die mit dem zweiten Arbeitstakt verbundene Anzahl von Hammerschlägen pro Minute mehr als viermal größer ist als die mit dem ersten Arbeitstakt verbundene Anzahl von Hammerschlägen pro Minute.
3. Mechanische Schmiedemaschine zur Ausführung des Verfahrens nach den vorstehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Regelung der Hammerhübe für jeden einen einzelnen Hammer betätigten Exzenter ein Gegenexzenter vorgesehen ist, wobei der Antriebsmotor mit mindestens zwei Geschwindigkeiten drehen kann.
4. Hydraulische Schmiedemaschine zur Ausführung des Verfahrens nach den vorstehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hub der einzelnen Hämmer durch Einwirkung auf die Verdrängung der entsprechenden Pumpen änderbar ist, und daß der Antriebsmotor mit mindestens zwei Geschwindigkeiten drehen kann.
5. Hydraulische Schmiedemaschine nach Anspruch 4, die eine Pumpe aufweist, wobei eine Kammer (13), in der ein Hauptkolben (11) arbeitet, direkt mit der Kammer des den ensprechenden Hammer betätigenden Kolbens verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verdrängung jeder Kammer (13)/Hauptkolben (11) - Einheit mindestens zwei Werte aufweist.
6. Hydraulische Schmiedemaschine nach Anspruch 5, bei der die Veränderung der Verdrängung der Pumpe mit mindestens einem Hilfskolben (18) erreicht wird, der eine Ruhestellung und eine Arbeitsstellung aufweist, wobei der Hilfskolben (18) in der Kammer (13) arbeitet und in seiner Arbeitsstellung im wesentlichen haltbar am Hauptkolben (11) festgelegt ist.
7. Hydraulische Schmiedemaschine nach Anspruch 5, bei der die Veränderung der Verdrängung der Pumpe mit mindestens einer Hilfskammer (113) erreicht wird, die koaxial mit und unabhängig von der Hauptkammer (13) angeordnet ist, wobei ein Hilfskolben (18) vorgesehen ist, der koaxial am Hauptkolben (11) befestigt ist und in der Hilfskammer (113) arbeitet.
EP91102753A 1990-03-19 1991-02-25 Schmiedeverfahren und Schmiedemaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0447839B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT83351A IT1240874B (it) 1990-03-19 1990-03-19 Procedimento di fucinatura con una martellatrice e martellatrice idonea a concretizzare tale procedimento
IT8335190 1990-03-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0447839A1 EP0447839A1 (de) 1991-09-25
EP0447839B1 true EP0447839B1 (de) 1994-08-10
EP0447839B2 EP0447839B2 (de) 1997-12-03

Family

ID=11320576

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91102753A Expired - Lifetime EP0447839B2 (de) 1990-03-19 1991-02-25 Schmiedeverfahren und Schmiedemaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0447839B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE109696T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69103301T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2060217T5 (de)
IT (1) IT1240874B (de)
RU (1) RU2035253C1 (de)
UA (1) UA27251C2 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113172189A (zh) * 2021-04-09 2021-07-27 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 细化长棒类钢锻件晶粒度的锻造方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT264974B (de) * 1966-12-13 1968-09-25 Voest Ag Schmiedemaschine zum Pressen und Schalgen von Formstücken
DE1627421A1 (de) * 1967-08-01 1970-11-05 Otto Dr Ing Georg Sowohl als Hammer als auch als Presse betreibbare Umformmaschine
AT271143B (de) * 1967-10-09 1969-05-27 Langestein & Schemann Ag Maschine zur Unformung eines Werkstückes zwischen zwei Bären
AT289513B (de) * 1969-06-27 1971-04-26 Ges Fertigungstechnik & Maschb Schmiedemaschine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69103301T3 (de) 1998-03-05
EP0447839A1 (de) 1991-09-25
ES2060217T3 (es) 1994-11-16
DE69103301T2 (de) 1995-01-05
IT1240874B (it) 1993-12-17
DE69103301D1 (de) 1994-09-15
IT9083351A1 (it) 1991-09-19
IT9083351A0 (it) 1990-03-19
UA27251C2 (uk) 2000-08-15
EP0447839B2 (de) 1997-12-03
ATE109696T1 (de) 1994-08-15
ES2060217T5 (es) 1998-02-16
RU2035253C1 (ru) 1995-05-20

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