US3718027A

US3718027A - Forming machine for heated materials, particularly metals

Info

Publication number: US3718027A
Application number: US00064177A
Authority: US
Inventors: G Rau; A Eck
Original assignee: Eumuco AG fuer Maschinenbau
Current assignee: Eumuco AG fuer Maschinenbau
Priority date: 1969-08-16
Filing date: 1970-08-17
Publication date: 1973-02-27
Anticipated expiration: 1990-02-27
Also published as: FR2058328B1; GB1315560A; FR2058328A1; DE1941806A1

Abstract

A forming machine having at least two piston means for providing a deforming force between the anvil block and ram. The piston means includes a first piston surface area that is substantially different than a second piston surface area. The smaller piston surface area is fixedly attached to the ram to effect hammering of the deformable material. The first and second piston surface areas are moved with the same hydraulic driving medium. The first and second piston surface areas are movable and controllable independently of each other.

Description

United States Patent [191 Ran et al.

14 1 Feb. 27, 1973 .4] FORMING MACHINE FOR HEATED MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY METALS [75] Inventors: Gottfried Rau, Leverkusen; Al-

bert Eck, Wipperfurth, both of Germany [73] Assignee: Eumuco Aktiengesellschaft fur Maschinenbau, Leverkusen, Germany [22] Filed: Aug. 17, I970 [21] Appl. No.: 64,177

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Aug. 16, 1969 Germany P 19 41 806.5

[52] US. Cl ..72/407, 72/453 51 Int. Cl. ..B21j 11/00 [58] Field of Search ..72/453, 407, 445, 429; 100/269, 264

g [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,044,617 11/1912 Wray ..72/453 1,275,688 8/1918 Holmes ..72/453 2,784,619 3/1957 Brauer 3 ,429, l 74 2/1969 Fracke 3,194,049 7/1965 Riemenschneider ..72/453 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 646,951 6/1937 Germany ..72/453 876,796 5/1953 Germany ..72/453 Primary ExaminerCharles W. Lanham Assistant ExaminerGene P. Crosby Att0rney-Lowry, Rinehart, Markva & Smith [57] ABSTRACT A forming machine having at least two piston means for providing a deforming force between the anvil block and ram. The piston means includes a first piston surface area that is substantially different than a second piston surface area. The smaller piston surface area is fixedly attached to the ram to effect hammering of the deformable material. The first and second piston surface areas are moved with the same hydraulic driving medium. The first and second piston surface areas are movable and controllable independently of each other.

18 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PArEm mzaznm SHEET 2 OF 6 FIG. 2

IN VEN TORS G0 TTFf/ED mu BY AL BERT EBA MM M flF/MA/Em PATENTED FEBZ 71373 SHEETQUF 6 I a M mmxym c M 5 z VET M mwk r FM A at PATENTEU FEB 2 7 I973 SHEET 5 OF 6 IN VEN roRs Gar/rm? my 1 BY 14 856 EGK JWIVWJIM w M [mm/Em FORMING MACHINE FOR HEATED MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY METALS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the forming of metals to obtain die forging workpieces, the material is forced into the desired shape. This can be achieved by hammering and/or pressing the deformable material. Often both methods are used in succession to one another. For example, a heated billet may be first pre-upset under a press and subsequently finished forged under a hammer. In upsetting, the forming forces are small but the forming travels are long. That is, the upsetting process may be sufficient where a machine applies relatively little force but has a large working capacity.

Forming machines for processing deformable material such as heated metals are well known in the prior art. Such forming machines include a machine head, an anvil block and a ram which is driven by means of top pressure with the action of a pressure medium. In the known forming machines, there is a separate piston and cylinder used for hammering and another piston and cylinder used for pressing the deformable material. The hammering cylinder is supplied with a pressure medium such as steam or compressed air. The pressing cylinder is supplied and subjected to the action of the pressure medium of water under pressure. The hammering cylinder operates a ram and the pressing cylinder operates a press piston. After the deformable material has been upset through the operation of the ram and subsequent operation of the press piston, each of the elements is returned to its initial starting position. The return of the ram and press piston is effected by using a pressure medium such as air or steam. An entrainment element which is located on the rod of the hammer piston is used to effect the return of the ram and the press piston.

The cylinders for the hammer piston and the press piston are arranged above one another. Since different pressure mediums are used to control movement of the hammer piston within the hammer cylinder and the pressing piston within the pressing cylinder, additional substantially different control systems are required for use of the various different driving pressure mediums. The arrangement of the hammer and pressing cylinders and the need for different control systems makes the prior art forming machine extremely complicated structurally. In addition, the process accomplished by the forming machine including the hammering and pressing action is also complicated and liable to develop trouble.

PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The primary object of this invention is to provide a combination for use in a forming machine which requires a simplified construction and fully utilizes the properties of a hammering ram and a press.

Another object of this invention is to provide a forming machine wherein the piston surface areas are moved under the action of the same hydraulic driving medium provided therein.

It is a further object of this invention to provide conduits in the machine head of a forming machine which carry hydraulic pressure medium for effecting both hammering and pressing operations in the processing of deformable material such as heated metals.

It is a still further object of this invention to provide a combination of structural elements used to effect hammering and pressing in a forming machine and includes piston means having a first piston surface area that is substantially different than a second piston surface area. The smaller piston surface area is connected to the hammering ram and moves independently with respect to the second piston surface area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The structural combination of this invention is located in the forming machine which has a machine head, an anvil block and a ram which is driven by means of top pressure with the action of a hydraulic pressure medium. At least two piston means are used to provide a deforming force between the anvil block and the ram. The piston means includes a first piston area that is substantially different in size than a second piston area. The cylinders for the pistons providing both the first and second piston surface areas are arranged in the machine head approximately at the same height in one embodiment. The cylinder for the piston having the larger surface area directly surrounds the cylinder in which the smaller piston operates. That is, the large and small pistons are movably located in piston cylinders which are disposed annularly with respect to each other. In this specific embodiment of this invention, the piston having the larger piston sur face area is made to act directly on the ram of the forming machine.

In another embodiment, the anvil block of the forming machine is adapted to move in the axial direction thereof and is acted upon by the same hydraulic pressure medium used to operate the different sized pistons within the annularly disposed cylinders. The anvil block may be suspended on rods which are attached to braking pistons. The braking pistons are disposed in cylinders and brake the working movement of the anvil block by hydraulic pressure production. The damping cylinders and pistons are subsequently used to lift the anvil block through the action of the hydraulic pressure medium.

Another feature of this invention requires the damping cylinders for the anvil block to perform work in addition to performing a damping effect. In this embodiment, the cylinders are so dimensioned that the force of the pistons moving therein is sufficient not only for braking after impact by the ram and for lifting the anvil block, but also for carrying out additional forming work between the anvil block and the ram. This specific embodiment includes a plurality of smaller pistons which are mechanically or hydraulically connected to the anvil block so as to produce movement of the anvil block along the axial direction of the forming machine. The plurality of piston members forms a relatively large piston surface-area that is sufficiently large to effect the function of pressing the deformable material between the ram and the anvil block. The dimensioning of the pistons is obviously a function of the size of forming machine and the size of the forgings involved. A further parameter constitutes the type of material being deformed. Other process parameters obviously must also be considered in developing the structural combination of this invention. Once the function of the various structural elements is known, the skilled artisan is capable of manufacturing the various structural elements with appropriate physical dimensions to accomplish the desired results as described in this disclosure.

In the embodiment where the damping cylinders perform work as well as providing a damping effect, the ram of the forming machine performs only a hammering action. The pressing action may be carried out with the anvil block through control of the hydraulic medium in the cylinders of the relatively larger piston surface areas. In this embodiment, the anvil block is lifted from an initial position after the hammering operation. As the anvil block is lifted from its initial position, it performs a pressing operation until the forging or the like is finished formed between the anvil block and the ram.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Other objects of this invention will appear in the following description and appended claims, reference being made to the accompanying drawings forming a part of the specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view, partly in section, of a first embodiment of a forming machine made in accordance with this invention,

FIG, 2 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a second embodiment of a forming machine made in accordance with this invention,

FIG. 3 is an elevational view shown partially in section of a' third embodiment made in accordance with this invention,

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic elevational view, partly in section, of a fourth embodiment made in accordance with this invention,

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic elevational view, partly in section, of a fifth embodiment of a forming machine made in accordance with this invention, and

PEG. 6 is a diagrammatic elevational view, partly in section, of a sixth embodiment of a forming machine made in accordance with this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIG. 1, the forming machine, generally designated 1, is provided with an arrangement in the manner of a top pressure hammer. A ram 2 is mounted to move vertically along the guides 3 of the machine frame 4. The upper die 5 is supported by the ram 2. In this embodiment, the anvil or anvil block 6 is a fixed part of the machine frame 4 and supports the lower die 7. The piston 8 is rigidly connected to the ram 2 by the relatively thin or slender piston rod 9. The piston 8 is slidingly movable in a cylinder formed in the substantially thicker piston rod 13. The upper portion of the piston rod 13 is in contact with another cylinder and forms the piston 12. The piston 12 and the piston rod 13 are arranged concentrically with respect to the piston 8 and piston rod 9. That is, the

pistons

12 and 8 are movably disposed in respective piston cylinders which are disposed annularly with respect to each other. The sleeve 11 separates the chambers and 21 in the machine head piece 4a.

A hydraulic pressure medium is used to drive the various parts in the forming machine 1. A motor 14 drives a pump 16 by means of an interposed transmission 15. A conduit 17 extends from the pump 16 to a control device 18. A conduit 19 leads from the control device 18 to the chamber 10 which is associated with the relatively slender piston 8. A conduit 20 extends from the control device 18 to the upper cylinder chamber 21 associated with the relatively powerful piston 12. The

lower cylinder chambers

22 and 23 are connected to a pressure accumulator chamber which is located in the machine frame but not shown. It accomplishes the same function as the pressure accumulator chamber 23a in subsequent embodiments described hereinbelow. The oil level of the oil sump is indicated by the line 24. The

lower cylinder chambers

22 and 23 are interconnected by a bore 39.

In operation, hydraulic pressure medium is pumped into the

chambers

10 and 21 to drive the ram 2 downwardly. The hydraulic top pressure effected in chamber 10 drives the relatively small piston 8 which is associated with the thin piston rod 9 to effect the hammering of a forging located between the upper and lower die

parts

5 and 6. The relatively powerful piston 12 is held in place in its upper position while the relatively smaller piston 8 and rod 9 move the ram 2 downwardly. The piston 12 may be held in place either mechanically or hydraulically in any desired manner. Once the hammering step is completed, the larger piston 12 associated with the thicker piston rod 13 is moved downwardly and the ram 2 is acted on by a substantially more powerful force than was available in the hammering operation. The piston rod 13 presses on a bearing surface 25 of the ram 2 and as the piston 12 is forced downwardly by the hydraulic medium, the pressing operation is effected. The

pistons

8 and 12 are therefore moved independently of one another. It is advantageous during the pressing operation that the two

pistons

8 and 12 move downwardly at the same time. In this instance, the force of both the pistons is applied to the ram 2 to accomplish the desired results.

A constant hydraulic pressure is maintained in the pressure accumulator chamber which is not shown. This constant pressure is maintained in the

lower cylinder chambers

22 and 23 by virtue of their connection with the pressure accumulator chamber. The return of the two

pistons

8 and 12 is effected by appropriate change over of the control device 18. The constant pressure applied by the hydraulic pressure medium in the lower cylinder chambers 22 and. 23 drive the

pistons

8 and 12 upwardly.

Both the hammering and pressing operations are accomplished through the action of the same hydraulic pressure medium which may be any suitable fluid such as oil. The

pistons

8 and 12 clearly provide two piston means having a first piston surface area that is substantially different than a second piston area. The first and second piston surface areas are independently movable and controllable with respect to each other.

The forming machine as shown in FIG. 2 includes an anvil block 26 that is vertically displaceable along the guides 27 located on the machine frame 4. The anvil block 26 is hung on rods 28 which at their upper ends have pistons 29 sliding in piston cylinders 30. Conduits 31 extending from the control device 18 to the piston cylinders 30 carry hydraulic pressure medium for controlling the movement of pistons 29 therein so as to raise the piston 29 and the anvil block 26 connected thereto. Conduits 32 include a non-return valve 38 and interconnect the cylinder chambers 30 with the lower cylinder chamber 22 of the relatively powerful piston 12. The interconnection between the

chambers

22 and 30 partially compensates for the pressure loss which occurs in the pressure medium between the pump 16 and the upper cylinder chamber 21 when the relatively powerful piston 12 'descends or moves downwardly.

The so-called anvil block loss is partly converted into hydraulic energy and recovered. If the anvil block 26 will be located rigidly with a frame, the energy given to the anvil block 26 by the stroke of the ram 2 will be lost or changed to heat. This is the anvil block loss. However, if the anvil block 26 is suspended in the hydraulic drive by means of rods 28 a part of the energy by the stroke of the ram 2 will be regained. The pressure in the cylinders 30 will be larger. This oil pressure will be brought to cylinder chamber 22 by the conduits 32 through the non-return valve 38. By this way the ram will glide upwards so that part of the stroke of the ram 2 has been made useful. The anvil block 26 will brake by the fact that, after the stroke of the ram 2, the pressure of the oil in the cylinders 30 will become larger. This results in a braking effect for the anvil block 26 which tries to go downwards.

After the impact, the pistons 29 are not acted upon by a control operation. That is, after the impact, the hydraulic pressure rises at the braking of the anvil block 26 until the non-return valve 38 opens and oil flows out from the chamber 30 into the pressure container 22. Only the return movement of the anvil block 26 is controlled. Widened heads 33 located at the lower end of the rods 28 engage in appropriate recesses 34 located in the anvil block 26. The movably mounted anvil block 26 rests on the widened heads 33.

The forming machine as shown in FIG. 3 corresponds substantially to the embodiment as shown in FIG. 2. However, the plurality of pistons 29a is used to control the return of the anvil block 26. The pistons 29a are disposed below and directly engage the anvil block 26 to effect axial movement thereof. The damping cylinders 30a receive the pistons 29a which are moved by the action of the hydraulic pressure medium supplied thereto by conduits 31a which extend from the control device 18. The rods 28 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 are eliminated in this embodiment of the invention. The damping cylinders 30a are conveniently situated in a separate insert element 35 within the machine frame 4. The operation of the forming machine in this figure is the same as in the forming machine shown in FIG. 2. The sleeve 11 in this particular embodiment provides a guide for the hammering piston 8 and separates the cylinder chamber from the cylinder chamber 22. The chamber 10 receives controlled top pressure and the chamber 22 has a constant bottom pressure.

In the embodiments as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the ram 2 performs only a hammering action. In these embodiments, the anvil block 26 is used for performing the work in the pressing operation. The substantially larger piston surface area is composed of

several pistons

36, 36a, 36b in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, respectively. The relatively larger piston surface area is connected to the anvil block 26 in each instance. The several pistons define a relatively large piston surface area which is so dimensioned that the several pistons alone carry out the function of the pressing operation.

In the specific embodiment as shown in FIG. 4, the anvil block 26 is suspended on rods 28 having pistons 36 located at the top end thereof. The pistons 36 are movably mounted within the cylinders 30 and are driven by the hydraulic pressure medium of the forming machine. The pistons 36 constitute the relatively powerful piston surface area which carries out the pressing operation. The combination of the smaller piston 8 and rod 9 which are connected directly to the ram 2 is used to effect the hammering operation. The pistons 36 can be made as large as may be required for pressing any type of deformable material. The anvil block 26 is drawn upwardly with full effect by the two large pistons 36 to accomplish the pressing operation. This arrangement with the large pistons 36 also allows the anvil block 26 to be used for upsetting and impact extrusion work with the application of considerable forces. Buffer elements 37 constitute abutment means for the ram 2 for receiving the pressure forces which act on the ram 2 from the anvil block 26.

In the forming machine as shown in FIG. 5, the anvil block 26 is suspended in the hydraulic drive mechanism from rods 28. Relatively large pistons 36a are located at the upper ends of the rod 28 and are slidably disposed in the cylinders 30a. Cylinder chambers 30b are located below the pistons 36a. Conduits 31 carry hydraulic pressure medium from the control device 18 to the lower cylinder chambers 3012. Conduits 39 interconnect the lower cylinder chambers 30b with the constant pressure maintained in the accumulator chamber 23a through the agency of an appropriately arranged non-return valve 38. Conduits 40 further connect the lower cylinder chambers 30b with the oil sump having an oil level 24 and is not under pressure. A non-return valve 41 is appropriately arranged in the conduit 40. A smaller piston 43 having a substantially smaller surface area than the piston 36a is slidably disposed within each of the cylinders 42. The smaller pistons 43 are conveniently arranged in a ring formation around the rods 28. A conduit 44 directly connects each cylinder chamber 42 with the constant pressure of the accumulator chamber 23a. The conduits 45 directly connect the cylinder chambers 42 with the control device T8.

In performing the hammering operation, the ram 2 is driven by a hydraulic top pressure obtained through the action of the smaller piston 8 and piston rod 9. The relatively larger pistons 36a are in a lower working position during the hammering operation. The anvil block energy is made capable of being used for the next impact. The piston 43 which is arranged to be displaceable within a limited distance, lifts the anvil block 26 and the piston 364 into an initial working position after one impact from the ram 2.

To effect the pressing operation, the lower faces of the pistons 36a are acted upon with hydraulic pressure medium by way of the conduits 31 which extend from the control device 18. During the pressing operation, the anvil block 26 is lifted from its initial working position to carry out a pressing operation until the work piece forging is finish shaped between the anvil block 26 and the ram 2. The ram 2 is held against the abutment 37a by the constant pressure of the accumulator chamber 23a. The abutments 37a are located on the machine frame 4a.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is directed to a forming machine wherein the anvil block 26 alone performs the pressing operation. The anvil block 26 lies directly on the pistons 36b which are arranged therebelow. The pistons 36b slide in cylinders 30b which are located in the insert elements 35 of the machine frame 4. That is, the pistons 36b are located directly below and engage the anvil block 26. The pistons 43a are displaceable within a limited amount of travel in the cylinder chamber 42. These pistons 43a lift the anvil block 26 and the pistons 36b into an initial working position after one blow of the ram 2. The

conduits

31, 39a, and 45 which are associated with the

non-return valves

38 and 41, are located and perform analogously to the structural combination of the forming machine as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 5. During the pressing operation, the hydraulic pressure medium is directed from the control device 18 into the cylinder chamber 300 by way of the conduit 31. The piston 36b moves upwardly so that a work piece located between the dies and 7 is subjected to considerable force during the pressing operation for upsetting orimpact extrusion purposes.

As a part of the forming machine, hydraulic expulsion means may be located under the anvil block 26. The hydraulic expulsion means will stand on the foundation for the forming machine and be used for expelling the impact extruded parts from the lower guide 7. The ratio for the amount of force accepted by the

piston rods

9 and 13 and the rods 28 is considerable. This force acceptance can amount to, for example, 1:50 to 1:100 and above. Thus the piston rod 9 can be designed for about 5 tons and the rods 28 in the forming machine according to the FIGS. 4 and 5 respectively for about 250 tons.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION A substantial simplification of the entire forming machine is obtained. In addition, the best possible use of the effects of a hammer as well as a press is entirely feasible. The use of a single driving hydraulic pressure medium gives the machine a compact construction in relation to the overall height. The compactness of the forming machine as made in accordance with this invention gives the machine improved stability. This higher stability has the result of increasing the power which makes possible giving improved quality of work.

While the forming machine for processing deforma ble material such as heated metals has been shown and described in detail, it is obvious that this invention is not to be considered as being limited to the exact form disclosed, and that changes in detail and construction may be made therein within the scope of the invention, without departing from the spirit thereof.

Having thus set forth and disclosed the nature of this invention, what is claimed is:

1. In a forming machine for processing deformable material such as heated metals and having a machine head, an anvil block and a ram which is driven by means of top pressure with the action of hydraulic pressure medium, the combination comprising:

a. at least two piston means for providing a deforming force between the anvil block and the ram,

b. said piston means having a first smaller piston surface area that is substantially different in size than a second piston surface area, the smaller surface area being attached to the ram, and

c. means for moving the first and second piston surface areas with the same hydraulic driving medi urn,

d. said first and second piston surface areas being independently movable and controllable with respect to each other.

2. In a combination as defined in claim 1 wherein said piston means are located at substantially the same height in the machine head.

3. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein a first single piston member constitutes the first piston surface area and a second single piston member constitutes the second piston surface area,

said first piston being substantially smaller than the second piston member and being connected to the ram with a piston rod.

4. The combination as defined in claim 3 wherein the relatively large second piston member acts on the ram and the first and second piston members are movably disposed in first and second piston cylinders which are disposed annularly with respect to each other,

said second cylinder surrounding said first cylinder.

5. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein means is provided to mount the anvil block for movement in the axial direction of the forming machine,

said anvil block mounting means being adapted to be acted upon by the hydraulic pressure medium of the forming machine.

6. The combination as defined in claim 5 wherein said anvil block mounting means includes rods and pistons attached to said rods, and

the forming machine includes means causing said anvil block pistons to brake the downward movement of the anvil block by hydraulic pressure generation and means causing said anvil block pistons to lift upwardly by action of a hydraulic pressure medium.

7. The combination as defined in claim I wherein the anvil block is mounted to move in the axial direction and at least one piston is disposed below and directly engages the anvil block to effect axial movement thereof.

8. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein the anvil block is mounted to move in the axial direction and said first piston surface is relatively smaller than the second piston surface area and is formed by a single piston member that is connected to the ram,

said ram being effective to hammer the deformable material,

the relatively larger second piston surface area is formed by a plurality of piston members connected to the anvil block by rods,

said second piston surface area is sufficiently large to effect the function of pressing the deformable material.

9. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein the anvil block is mounted to move in the axial direction and said first piston surface area is relatively smaller than the second piston surface area and is formed by a single piston member that is connected to the ram,

said ram being effective to hammer the deformable material,

the relatively larger second piston area is formed by a plurality of piston members disposed below and directly engaging the anvil block to effect axial movement thereof,

10. The combination as defined in claim 8 wherein the forming machine includes limited displacement pistons associated with said plurality of anvil block pistons and an accumulator pressure chamber holds hydraulic pressure medium and is adapted to use the hydraulic pressure medium to drive the limited displacement pistons.

l 1. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein said piston area moving means includes control means mounted in the machine head to move the first and second piston surface areas independently with respect to each other.

12. In a forming machine for processing deformable material such as heated metals, having a machine head, an anvil block and a ram which is driven by means of top pressure with the action of a hydraulic pressure medium, the combination comprising:

b. said piston means having a first smaller piston surface area that is substantially different in size than a second piston surface area, the smaller surface area being attached to the ram, I c. means for moving the first and second piston surface areas with the same hydraulic driving medium, I

d. said moving means includes control means whereby said first and second piston surface areas may be moved independently by the drive medium, and

e. means for independently returning said first and second piston surface areas to a starting position after being driven by said top pressure.

13. In a combination as defined in claim 12 wherein said piston means are located at substantially the same height in the machine head.

14. The combination as defined in claim 12 wherein a first single piston number constitutes the first piston surface area and a second single piston member constitutes the second piston surface area.

15. The combination as defined in claim 14 wherein the relatively large second piston member acts on the ram and the first and second piston members are movably disposed in first and second piston cylinders which are disposed annularly with respect to each other,

said second cylinder surrounding said first cylinder.

16. The combination as defined in claim l2'wherein said control means is mounted within the machine head to move the first and second piston areas with respect to each other.

17. The combination as defined in claim 1 further including means for moving said first and second piston surface areas simultaneously whereby the deforming force generated by said first and second piston surface areas is combined.

18. The combination as defined in claim 12 further including

Claims

1. In a forming machine for processing deformable material such as heated metals and having a machine head, an anvil block and a ram which is driven by means of top pressure with the action of hydraulic pressure medium, the combination comprising: a. at least two piston means for providing a deforming force between the anvil block and the ram, b. said piston means having a first smaller piston surface area that is substantially different in size than a second piston surface area, the smaller surface area being attached to the ram, and c. means for moving the first and second piston surface areas with the same hydraulic driving medium, d. said first and second piston surface areas being independently movable and controllable with respect to each other.

3. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein a first single piston member constitutes the first piston surface area and a second single piston member constitutes the second piston surface area, said first piston being substantially smaller than the second piston member and being connected to the ram with a piston rod.

4. The combination as defined in claim 3 wherein the relatively large second piston member acts on the ram and the first and second piston members are movably disposed in first and second piston cylinders which are disposed annularly with respect to each other, said second cylinder surrounding said first cylinder.

5. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein means is provided to mount the anvil block for movement in the axial direction of the forming machine, said anvil block mounting means being adapted to be acted upon by the hydraulic pressure medium of the forming machine.

6. The combination as defined in claim 5 wherein said anvil block mounting means includes rods and pistons attached to said rods, and the forming machine includes means causing said anvil block pistons to brake the downward movement of the anvil block by hydraulic pressure generation and means causing said anvil block pistons to lift upwardly by action of a hydraulic pressure medium.

7. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein the anvil block is mounted to move in the axial direction and at least one piston is disposed below and directly engages the anvil block to effect axial movement thereof.

8. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein the anvil block is mounted to move in the axial direction and said first piston surface is relatively smaller than the second piston surface area and is formed by a single piston member that is connected to the ram, said ram being effective to hammer the deformable material, the relatively larger second piston surface area is formed by a plurality of piston members connected to the anvil block by rods, said second piston surface area is sufficiently large to effect the function of pressing the deformable material.

9. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein the anvil block is mounted to move in the axial direction and said first piston surface area is relatively smaller than the second piston surface area and is formed by a single piston member that is connected to the ram, said ram being effective to hammer the deformable material, the relatively larger second piston area is formed by a plurality of piston members disposed below and directly engaging the anvil block to effect axial movement thereof, said second piston surface area is sufficiently large to effect the function of pressing the deformable material.

11. The combination as defined in claim 1 wherein said piston area moving means includes control means mounted in the machine head to move the first and second piston surface areas independently with respect to each other.

12. In a forming machine for processing deformable material such as heated metals, having a machine head, an anvil block and a ram which is driven by means of top pressure with the action of a hydraulic pressure medium, the combination comprising: a. at least two piston means for providing a deforming force between the anvil block and the ram, b. said piston means having a first smaller piston surface area that is substantially different in size than a second piston surface area, the smaller surface area being attached to the ram, c. means for moving the first and second piston surface areas with the same hydraulic driving medium, d. said moving means includes control means whereby said first and second piston surface areas may be moved independently by the drive medium, and e. means for independently returning said first and second piston surface areas to a starting position after being driven by said top pressure.

15. The combination as defined in claim 14 wherein the relatively large second piston member acts on the ram and the first and second piston members are movably disposed in first and second piston cylinders which are disposed annularly with respect to each other, said second cylinder surrounding said first cylinder.

16. The combination as defined in claim 12 wherein said control means is mounted within the machine head to move the first and second piston areas with respect to each other.

18. The combination as defined in claim 12 further including means for moving said first and second piston surface areas simultaneously whereby the deforming force generated by said first and second piston surface areas is combined.