EP0447792A1 - Process for producing paper foam - Google Patents

Process for producing paper foam Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0447792A1
EP0447792A1 EP91101962A EP91101962A EP0447792A1 EP 0447792 A1 EP0447792 A1 EP 0447792A1 EP 91101962 A EP91101962 A EP 91101962A EP 91101962 A EP91101962 A EP 91101962A EP 0447792 A1 EP0447792 A1 EP 0447792A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pva
extruder
paper
starch
cardboard
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91101962A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0447792B1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Priehs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0447792A1 publication Critical patent/EP0447792A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0447792B1 publication Critical patent/EP0447792B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/36—Polyalkenyalcohols; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylesters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing paper foam from waste paper and / or cardboard, wherein this starting material is first worked up to form a fiber mass and then mixed with starch, whereupon the mixture is compressed and plasticized by thermal and mechanical introduction of energy in an extruder and at the extruder outlet expands or foams due to a drop in temperature and pressure.
  • German Patent 34 20 195 This involves the production of the material, in particular in the form of sheets or moldings.
  • the fiber mass can be finely ground before or during the admixture of the additives.
  • additional formulation components such as B. dyes or oils are added.
  • a heatable screw extruder is used for the thermal and mechanical power supply to plasticize the mixture.
  • plasticizable degraded starches, flour mixtures with a high starch content or proteins are mixed in as additives. These additives serve to foam the mass and, if necessary, also to improve its elasticity, each of which is a film-forming material.
  • the mixture used consists of fifty percent cellulose mixed with fifty percent starch.
  • the object of the invention is to further improve this previously known method.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the stated viscosity was measured in accordance with DIN 53015, a four percent aqueous solution at 20 ° C. According to DIN 51550, the viscosity is a measure of the internal friction that occurs when two adjacent layers of liquid move. The degree of saponification indicates what percentage of the polyvinyl acetate base molecule is "saponified" to polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the PVA can be introduced as finely ground granules, as an aqueous solution or as a dispersion.
  • the throughput in the extruder can be increased appreciably, while at the same time the end product has better foaming with good elasticity / flexibility.
  • plasticizers and / or lubricants such as e.g. Glycerol can be added.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing paper foam from used paper and/or cardboard. This starting material is first treated so as to produce a fibrous mass and then mixed with starch, after which the mixture is compacted and plasticised in an extruder by introducing thermal and mechanical energy. It expands or foams on leaving the extruder as the result of a drop in temperature and pressure. To accelerate the processing in the extruder, the invention proposes that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added to the treated fibrous masses.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Papierschaum aus Altpapier und/oder Pappe, wobei dieses Ausgangsmaterial zuerst zu einer Fasermasse aufgearbeitet und dann mit Stärke vermischt wird, worauf die Mischung dann durch thermische und mechanische Energieeinleitung in einem Extruder verdichtet und plastifiziert wird und beim Extruderaustritt durch Temperatur- und Druckabfall expandiert bzw. aufschäumt.The invention relates to a method for producing paper foam from waste paper and / or cardboard, wherein this starting material is first worked up to form a fiber mass and then mixed with starch, whereupon the mixture is compressed and plasticized by thermal and mechanical introduction of energy in an extruder and at the extruder outlet expands or foams due to a drop in temperature and pressure.

Dieses Verfahren ist in der deutschen Patentschrift 34 20 195 beschrieben. Es handelt sich dabei um die Herstellung von dem Material, insbesondere in Form von Platten oder Formkörpern. Die Fasermasse kann dabei vor oder während der Zumischung der Zusatzstoffe feinvermahlen werden. In die Mischung können vor oder während der thermischen und mechanischen Energieeinleitung weitere Rezepturbestandteile wie z. B. Farbstoffe oder Öle zugegeben werden. Verwendet wird ein beheizbarer Schneckenextruder für die thermische und mechanische Energieleitung zur Plastifizierung der Mischung.This process is described in German Patent 34 20 195. This involves the production of the material, in particular in the form of sheets or moldings. The fiber mass can be finely ground before or during the admixture of the additives. In the mixture before or during the thermal and mechanical introduction of energy additional formulation components such. B. dyes or oils are added. A heatable screw extruder is used for the thermal and mechanical power supply to plasticize the mixture.

Mit diesem vorbekannten Verfahren läßt sich ohne Verwendung herkömmlicher Bindemittel ein Dämmaterial geringer Dichte mit hohen Schall-, Isolier- und Dämmeigenschaften kostengünstig herstellen. Als Zusatzstoffe werden dabei plastifizierbare abgebaute Stärken, Mehlmischungen mit hohem Stärkeanteil oder Proteine untergemischt. Diese Zusatzstoffe dienen zur Aufschäumung der Masse und ggf. auch zur Verbesserung ihrer Elastizität, wobei es sich jeweils um filmbildende Materialien handelt. Die verwendete Mischung besteht nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel aus fünfzig Prozent Zellulose vermischt mit fünfzig Prozent Stärke.With this known method, a low-density insulation material with high sound, insulation and insulation properties can be produced inexpensively without the use of conventional binders. Plasticizable degraded starches, flour mixtures with a high starch content or proteins are mixed in as additives. These additives serve to foam the mass and, if necessary, also to improve its elasticity, each of which is a film-forming material. In one embodiment, the mixture used consists of fifty percent cellulose mixed with fifty percent starch.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, dieses vorbekannte Verfahren weiter zu verbessern.The object of the invention is to further improve this previously known method.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß zur Beschleunigung der Verarbeitung im Extruder der aufgearbeiteten Fasermassen Polyvinylalkohol (PVA) zugesetzt wird. Dadurch erhält man im Endprodukt eine bessere Aufschäumung mit guter Elastizität/Flexibilität.This object is achieved in that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added to the processed fiber masses to accelerate processing in the extruder. This results in better foaming in the end product with good elasticity / flexibility.

Dabei ist es zweckmäßig, wenn vollverseiftes PVA mit einem Verseifungsgrad von etwa 99,4 Mol-%, mit einer Viskosität von etwa 28 mPa x s² in Form eines Granulats mit einer Schüttdichte von 0,53 - 0,62 g/cm³ verwendet wird.It is useful if fully saponified PVA with a degree of saponification of about 99.4 mol%, with a viscosity of about 28 mPa x s² in the form of granules with a bulk density of 0.53-0.62 g / cm³ is used.

Die angegebene Viskosität wurde gemessen nach DIN 53015, einer vierprozentigen wässrigen Lösung bei 20° C. Nach DIN 51550 ist die Viskosität ein Maß für die innere Reibung, die bei Verschiebung zweier benachbarter Flüssigkeitsschichten auftritt. Der Verseifungsgrad gibt an, wieviel Prozent des Polyvinylacetat-Grundmoleküls zu Polyvinylalkohol "verseift" sind.The stated viscosity was measured in accordance with DIN 53015, a four percent aqueous solution at 20 ° C. According to DIN 51550, the viscosity is a measure of the internal friction that occurs when two adjacent layers of liquid move. The degree of saponification indicates what percentage of the polyvinyl acetate base molecule is "saponified" to polyvinyl alcohol.

Als zweckmäßig hat sich die Verwendung einer Mischung von etwa fünfzig Teilen Papier und/oder Pappe, dreißig Teilen Stärke, z. B. Weizen, und zwanzig Teilen PVA erwiesen.The use of a mixture of about fifty parts paper and / or cardboard, thirty parts starch, e.g. B. wheat, and twenty parts of PVA.

Der PVA kann als feingemahlenes Granulat, als wässrige Lösung oder aber als Dispersion eingebracht werden.The PVA can be introduced as finely ground granules, as an aqueous solution or as a dispersion.

Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Zusatz von PVA läßt sich die Durchsatzleistung im Extruder nennenswert erhöhen, wobei zugleich das Endprodukt eine bessere Aufschäumung mit guter Elastizität/Flexibilität aufweist.Through the addition of PVA according to the invention, the throughput in the extruder can be increased appreciably, while at the same time the end product has better foaming with good elasticity / flexibility.

Zusätzlich können noch Weichmacher und/oder Gleitmittel, wie z.B. Glycerol, zugegeben werden.In addition, plasticizers and / or lubricants, such as e.g. Glycerol can be added.

Claims (11)

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Papierschaum aus Altpapier und/oder Pappe, wobei dieses Ausgangsmaterial zuerst zu einer Fasermasse aufgearbeitet und dann mit Stärke vermischt wird, worauf die Mischung dann durch thermische und mechanische Energieeinleitung in einem Extruder verdichtet und plastifiziert wird und beim Extruderaustritt durch Temperatur- und Druckabfall expandiert bzw. aufschäumt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Beschleunigung der Verarbeitung im Extruder den aufgearbeiteten Fasermassen Polyvinylalkohol (PVA) zugesetzt wird.Process for the production of paper foam from waste paper and / or cardboard, this starting material being first worked up into a fiber mass and then mixed with starch, whereupon the mixture is compressed and plasticized by thermal and mechanical introduction of energy in an extruder and at the extruder outlet by temperature and Pressure drop expands or foams, characterized in that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added to the processed fiber masses to accelerate processing in the extruder. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung von vollverseiftem PVA.A method according to claim 1, characterized by the use of fully saponified PVA. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung von PVA mit einem Verseifungsgrad von etwa 99,4 Mol-%.A method according to claim 2, characterized by the use of PVA with a degree of saponification of about 99.4 mol%. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung von PVA mit einer Viskosität von etwa 28 mPa x s².A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by the use of PVA with a viscosity of about 28 mPa x s². Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, 3 oder 4, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung eines PVA-Granulats mit einer Schüttdichte von 0,53 - 0,62 g/cm³.A method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the use of a PVA granulate with a bulk density of 0.53-0.62 g / cm³. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, 3 oder 4, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung eines feingemahlenen PVA-Granulats.Method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the use of a finely ground PVA granulate. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, 3 oder 4, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung einer wässrigen Lösung aus PVA.Method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the use of an aqueous solution of PVA. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, 3 oder 4, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung einer PVA-Dispersion.A method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the use of a PVA dispersion. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch die Zugabe von Weichmachern.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the addition of plasticizers. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch die Zugabe von Gleitmitteln, z.B. Glycerol.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the addition of lubricants, e.g. Glycerol. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch die Verwendung von etwa fünfzig Teilen Papier und/oder Pappe, dreißig Teilen Stärke, z. B. Weizen, und zwanzig Teilen PVA.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the use of about fifty parts paper and / or cardboard, thirty parts starch, e.g. B. wheat, and twenty parts PVA.
EP91101962A 1990-03-20 1991-02-12 Process for producing paper foam Expired - Lifetime EP0447792B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4008862A DE4008862C1 (en) 1990-03-20 1990-03-20
DE4008862 1990-03-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0447792A1 true EP0447792A1 (en) 1991-09-25
EP0447792B1 EP0447792B1 (en) 1994-04-27

Family

ID=6402604

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91101962A Expired - Lifetime EP0447792B1 (en) 1990-03-20 1991-02-12 Process for producing paper foam

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0447792B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4008862C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2053216T3 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5506277A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-04-09 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Starch foams for absorbent articles
EP0740990A2 (en) * 1995-05-02 1996-11-06 Schweitzer, Jacob Process for defining the various properties of cellulose containing foams
DE10352751B3 (en) * 2003-11-12 2005-07-07 Holzmüller, Günter Apparatus for the continuous processing of starch or starch-containing materials into plate-shaped, foamed moldings
DE102018105384A1 (en) 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Technische Universität Darmstadt Apparatus and method for producing a fiber foam
WO2021073672A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2021-04-22 Kiefel Gmbh Fibre-moulding facility for producing moulded parts made of fibre material degradable in an environmentally friendly fashion
WO2021204771A1 (en) 2020-04-07 2021-10-14 Kiefel Gmbh Natural fiber based lid with undercut
EP4101975A1 (en) 2021-06-08 2022-12-14 KIEFEL GmbH Pulp preparation and delivery system and method of installing the same
EP4101981A1 (en) 2021-06-08 2022-12-14 KIEFEL GmbH Method for the production of fibrous mouldings

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5783126A (en) 1992-08-11 1998-07-21 E. Khashoggi Industries Method for manufacturing articles having inorganically filled, starch-bound cellular matrix
US5683772A (en) 1992-08-11 1997-11-04 E. Khashoggi Industries Articles having a starch-bound cellular matrix reinforced with uniformly dispersed fibers
US5308879A (en) * 1992-09-07 1994-05-03 Nippon Gohsei Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for preparing biodegradable resin foam
ATE156162T1 (en) * 1993-07-28 1997-08-15 Biotec Biolog Naturverpack FOAMED STARCH POLYMER
CN100400267C (en) * 2001-03-29 2008-07-09 铃木工业株式会社 Apparatus for producing foamed moldings, and methos for producing laminated foamed moldings and foamed molding produced thereby
DE102005030711A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Frormann, Lars, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Method for producing sandwich structured layers especially paper products by extruding core layer into profiled rollers and with extruded coating layers
DE102012015539B4 (en) 2012-08-06 2017-05-04 Universität Bremen Foam material and use thereof
DE102017111139A1 (en) 2017-05-22 2018-11-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Process for the preparation of porous moldings
DE102019127559A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2021-04-15 Kiefel Gmbh FIBER MOLDING LINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOLDED PARTS FROM ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPATIBLE DEGRADABLE FIBER MATERIAL
DE102019127556A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2021-04-15 Kiefel Gmbh PORTIONING CONTAINER MADE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPATIBLE DEGRADABLE FIBER MATERIAL
DE102019127557A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2021-04-15 Kiefel Gmbh PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING MOLDED PARTS FROM ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPATIBLE DEGRADABLE FIBER MATERIAL
DE102019127562A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2021-04-15 Kiefel Gmbh FIBER MOLDING LINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOLDED PARTS FROM ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPATIBLE DEGRADABLE FIBER MATERIAL

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1118045A (en) * 1964-06-16 1968-06-26 Kalle Ag Manufacture of non-woven fabrics
DE3420195A1 (en) * 1984-05-30 1985-12-12 Friedrich 2807 Achim Priehs Process for producing insulating material from scrap paper and/or cardboard

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1118045A (en) * 1964-06-16 1968-06-26 Kalle Ag Manufacture of non-woven fabrics
DE3420195A1 (en) * 1984-05-30 1985-12-12 Friedrich 2807 Achim Priehs Process for producing insulating material from scrap paper and/or cardboard

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5506277A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-04-09 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Starch foams for absorbent articles
EP0740990A2 (en) * 1995-05-02 1996-11-06 Schweitzer, Jacob Process for defining the various properties of cellulose containing foams
EP0740990A3 (en) * 1995-05-02 1997-05-28 Schweitzer Jacob Process for defining the various properties of cellulose containing foams
DE10352751B3 (en) * 2003-11-12 2005-07-07 Holzmüller, Günter Apparatus for the continuous processing of starch or starch-containing materials into plate-shaped, foamed moldings
DE102018105384A1 (en) 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Technische Universität Darmstadt Apparatus and method for producing a fiber foam
WO2021073672A1 (en) 2019-10-14 2021-04-22 Kiefel Gmbh Fibre-moulding facility for producing moulded parts made of fibre material degradable in an environmentally friendly fashion
WO2021204771A1 (en) 2020-04-07 2021-10-14 Kiefel Gmbh Natural fiber based lid with undercut
EP4101975A1 (en) 2021-06-08 2022-12-14 KIEFEL GmbH Pulp preparation and delivery system and method of installing the same
EP4101981A1 (en) 2021-06-08 2022-12-14 KIEFEL GmbH Method for the production of fibrous mouldings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4008862C1 (en) 1991-04-11
DE59101476D1 (en) 1994-06-01
EP0447792B1 (en) 1994-04-27
ES2053216T3 (en) 1994-07-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE4008862C1 (en)
DE69935209T2 (en) ZEOLITH FORM BODY, METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE AND ITS USE
DE3420195C2 (en)
DE2552859C2 (en)
DE3127995C2 (en) Porous molded body made of matted or bundled, dried and sintered threads or cords, as well as a process for its production
DE19917081B4 (en) Honeycomb structure and process for its preparation
EP0079501A2 (en) Open-cell shaped articles made of polyvinyl acetals
EP0083003A1 (en) Aqueous preparation and its use in the preparation of ceramic masses
DE19924453A1 (en) Shaped body made of silica gel and porous amorphous mixed oxides, process for their preparation and their use
EP0172207B1 (en) Process for fabricating cement-bound wood fiber mould bodies
EP0083004A2 (en) Aqueous preparation and its use in making ceramic masses
DE3431953C2 (en)
DE3822759C2 (en) Process for the preparation of paper and / or cutting and / or shavings and / or wood fibers or the like and for the production of moldings, in particular plates made of a gypsum-fiber mixture
DD202136A5 (en) FIRE-RESISTANT OR FIRE-RESISTANT COMPOSITE COMPONENT COMPRISING ANY PART OF ANY FIRE-RESISTANT OR REFRACTORY MATERIAL AND AN INSULATING LAYER HAVING HIGHER THERMAL INSULATION OR A EXPANSION MATERIAL LAYER
EP0011597A1 (en) Blowing agent for producing foam glass from glass powder and process for its manufacture
EP0332984A2 (en) Shaped articles and process for producing same
DE2629667A1 (en) MEANS TO FACILITATE THE LOSS OF FOUNDRY BLANKS
DE2827246A1 (en) METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A CERAMIC BODY
DE865872C (en) Production of carbon-containing molding compounds
DE10247314A1 (en) Shaped products based on silica and/or titania, useful as catalysts or catalyst supports, contain glass fibers
DE726312C (en) Synthetic resin compound
DE2339151C3 (en) Process for producing a foamed polyethylene resin with improved mechanical properties
DE865194C (en) Process for the continuous production of porous structures from cellulose esters or ethers
DE728800C (en) Process for the production of non-dusting, but easily disintegrating moldings by pressing from finely divided silica
DE2227679A1 (en) Noninflammable thermal insulation mouldings - based on perlite granules in resin binder

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19911029

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930818

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59101476

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19940601

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19940505

ET Fr: translation filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2053216

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: MODIANO & ASSOCIATI S.R.L.

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20070221

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20070226

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20070216

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20080209

Year of fee payment: 18

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20080301

Year of fee payment: 18

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20080212

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20081031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080229

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20080213

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080212

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080213

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090901

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090212