DD202136A5 - FIRE-RESISTANT OR FIRE-RESISTANT COMPOSITE COMPONENT COMPRISING ANY PART OF ANY FIRE-RESISTANT OR REFRACTORY MATERIAL AND AN INSULATING LAYER HAVING HIGHER THERMAL INSULATION OR A EXPANSION MATERIAL LAYER - Google Patents

Abstract

Composite components with a molded part of refractory or fire-resistant material and a firmly bonded insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer of a mixture of 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided refractory oxides, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1- 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder and 2-25 parts by weight of water, or of a mixture of Faserkoernung, if necessary, binder and water, and the insulating layer by application of the mixture to the molding of material and compaction or by molding and compacting and then bonding with the molding of material will be produced. The insulating layer is dried and / or annealed at 250 to 600 degrees C and / or fired at 600-1600 degrees C. The composite component may be a pipe with an outer insulating layer for conducting hot gases.

Description

"Ή- Berlin, 30 * 6 _a 82 3 3 AP C 04 B / 237 379/3

60 419 18

Fire f it tea, or f ^ ^ uerbes täncjiges VerJ3und_ba u ta Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a refractory or fire-resistant composite component with a molded part made of any refractory or fire-resistant material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or, a Dehnungsausgleichsschicht and a method for producing such composite components »

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

There are already known composite components, which in addition to a molded part of any refractory material still have an insulating layer * The reason for this is that refractory moldings with good mechanical properties generally have a high thermal conductivity, so that it avoided in certain applications, box which larger vVärmeverluste to be, it is advantageous to provide on such a molding still an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation.

Aim of the invention

The aim of the present invention is to provide improved refractory or fire-resistant composite components with an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation «

Exposition de s essence s e rfindung

The invention has for its object to produce composite components in which the insulating layer mainly from

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7 3

a ceramic fiber material and yet very firmly connected to the molding of any refractory material and at the same time has the properties of good wear resistance and relatively high strength.

This object is achieved by a refractory or fire-resistant composite component with a molded part of any refractory or fire-resistant material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or * a Dehnungsausgleichsschicht, which is characterized in that the insulating layer or Dehnungsausgleichsschicht is firmly connected to the molding and is made out:

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or very finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as P ₂ S * and optionally an addition of plasticizer, or

b) optionally with further addition of a binder from one of the following fiber granulations or a mixture of such fiber granulations

-O ₁₎ a first fiber grit prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, _e, 2'bis 15 weight "parts by clay and / or finely disintegrated Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely disintegrated SiO ^ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or

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Finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as P ₂ O ₁ -. optionally with the addition of plasticizer with 2 to: 100 parts by volume of water, compressing this mixture obtained by a volume factor of at least Z _t drying and / or heat treatment at 250 C to 600 C and / or firing at elevated temperatures of the resulting product and subsequent Chop this up to the desired grain size,

b ₂ ) a second fiber granulation prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers with 10 to 40 parts of water, adding and blending 5 to 20 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al 2 O 3, and / or finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide and from 0 to 10 parts by weight of solid, organic binder, applying and mixing in from 0.5 to 4 wt _e "parts of organic binder in solution and 1 to 8 parts by weight of a phosphate binder, calculated as Pp ^ 5 * drying of the product obtained and crushing to the desired grain size,

or a mixture of one of the fiber grains b _± ) and / or bp) with a third fiber grain

b) prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight * ceramic fibers having 2 to 15 parts by weight _# clay and / or finely disintegrated Al ^ O ₃ and / or finely disintegrated SiO_ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or very finely divided titanium

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up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, from 1 to 10 parts by weight of organic binder, calculated in solid form and from 5 to 100 parts by weight of water, and composting the resulting mixture Mixing by a volume factor of at least 3, drying the product and crushing to the desired grain size, or

c) from a mixture of a) and one or more of the fiber grains b.), b ") and b ^) _r

In the insulating layer, the composite component according to the invention contains bentonite as clay component and, as further refractory additive, porcelain flour, chamotte or hollow spherical corundum and, as phosphate binder, sodium polyphosphate or monoaluminum phosphate.

The composite component according to the invention advantageously contains in the insulating layer as a plasticizer or organic binder methyl cellulose or molasses or sulfite waste liquor. As ceramic fibers, the composite component according to the invention contains digested ceramic fibers *

The composite component according to the invention may be in the form of a tubular body with an external insulating layer, for example. Cavities may be present in the insulating layer, in particular conduction paths or cavities for receiving lines or reinforcements.

The ceramic fibers or mineral fibers used for producing the composite components according to the invention may be all conventional fibers of this type, eg, rockwool or

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Fibers based on aluminum silicate having especially high Al _o 0 ~ _v contents in the range of 45 to 95 percent by _e -% · course, can also be mixtures of various ceramic fibers are used, "

The clay used to make the composite components of the invention may be a common clay or a special binder clay, advantageously bentonite. This clay is usually used in an amount of from 2 to 15 weight parts by _e to 100 parts by Gevw * of the ceramic fibers "

Furthermore, up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives can be used in the production of the composite components according to the invention, examples of which are porcelain flour, chamotte or hollow spherical corundum.

Advantageously, the total amount of clay plus other refractory additives is 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the ceramic fibers.

The otherwise finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or very finely divided SiO 2 and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or very finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide optionally used in the production of the composite components according to the invention are on As used herein, the term "finely divided" in the context of the aforementioned ingredients means that these ingredients are in the finely ground or colloidal state, particularly when using such colloidal materials as

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Colloidal SiO or, colloidal alumina, it is possible to use only small amounts of binder, namely close to the lower limit of 1 part by weight of such a binder.

The phosphate binder used in the preparation of the composite components according to the invention is a conventional phosphate binder, the stated amounts in parts by weight relate to P ₉ O ₁ . in the particular binder ,,

Examples of such phosphate binders are sodium polyphosphate having a degree of polymerization of η ^ 4 and preferably having a degree of polymerization of from 6 to 10. A further phosphate binder is monoaluminum phosphate which is commercially available both in solid, ground form and as an aqueous solution with 50 wt% MAP Product is «

Furthermore, conventional plasticizers can still be used in the production of the composite components according to the invention, such as, for example, surface-active compounds or, in particular, methylcellulose.

Furthermore, organic binders can still be used in the production of the composite components according to the invention, examples of which are molasses, sulfite waste liquor and, in particular, methyl cellulose.

In an advantageous embodiment of the composite component according to the invention, the ceramic fibers are used as digested fibers during its production. For this purpose, commercially available fibers in their delivery condition are transferred to a turbo mixer (manufactured by Drais-Turbulent-Schnell-

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Such a turbo-mixer consists of a mixing unit with rapidly rotating cutter head _s, whereby any present agglomerates in commercially available fibers, which are partially present in highly compressed form _{s, are} digested, in which the fibers are usually supplied as fiber bundles, without the fibers being crushed or crushed to an inadmissible extent «

The composite components according to the invention can be produced by two different methods *

In the first method, first, in a step a) a mixture of 100 parts Gewu ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 weight parts by _e clay and / or finely disintegrated _Al? 0 ^ and / or finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight phosphate binder calculated as ₂ ° 5 '9 ^e 9 ^e ~ appropriate, ^p produced an addition of plasticizer of 2 to 100 percent by "parts by in a mixer. The mixer can be a standard Drais mixer or Eirich mixer *

This finished mixture is then pressed in step b) on one side of the molding of any refractory material, but here a compression by a volume factor of at least 3 and advantageously from 5 to 8 is required.

This pressing can, for example, in a molded block so

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 j /

take place that the mixture prepared in step a) is first introduced into the mold and then the molded part of any refractory material is placed and then a compression is performed * The reverse process is also possible d h in a mold can first Molded part of any refractory material are inserted and applied to this molding of this refractory material, a mixture as prepared in step a), and then the pressing are carried out under the specified compression.

Particularly simple is the production of an insulating layer on the outside of a tube * For this purpose, the already finished tubular molding of any refractory material is inserted into a mold with a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the tube made of refractory material and in the space between the tube made of refractory material and filled the mixture produced in step a) and either crushed or pressed into the core

In an alternative embodiment, after the preparation of the mixture, a fiber grit b.), B ^) or b,) or a mixture thereof described in the following is mixed in the mixture briefly and then this mass is applied to at least one side of a molded part of any refractory or fire-resistant material under compression pressed, in the case of using a mixture as described above without the addition of a fiber granulation densification during pressing by a volume factor of at least 3 must be carried out, advantageously, the compression factor 5-8 "the maximum compression factor achieved with conventional presses can be, is on the order of

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from about 12 to 14 * If one of the above-mentioned fiber granulations is added to the mixture, no such high compression is possible, but the volume factor of the compression should in any case be about 1.5. »An advantageous range of volume factors when using a fiber shred en-containing mixture is between 2.5 and 4, the reason for this lower compression factor is the fact that the fiber aggregates can no longer be pressed together so strongly, in particular this applies to the compacted already in their manufacture fiber aggregates b.) and

Advantageously, the weight ratios of mixture, without the water content, to Fasererkörnung / s of 20: 80 to 80: 20 "By the addition of a Fasererkörnung course more mixing water is needed so that the total amount of water added must be increased Preliminary tests can be easily determined

In an alternative embodiment of this method, one of the fiber granulations b ₁ ) or b _? ), optionally with the addition of further binder, in particular inorganic binder and more preferably one of the aforementioned phosphate binder with a suitable amount of water, which can be provided even when using dissolved binders by the water solution, attached, the amount of water usually 2 to 30 Parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of the fiber interference amounts to * The amount of water depends on the fiber grains used, in particular when using the fiber grains b.), Which is used both in the dried and in the annealed or fired state,

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D _u rch simple preliminary tests is to determine the respectively required amount of water, however, readily possible Instead of the fiber aggregates b ^ or b ₂₎ or a mixture thereof may also be a fiber grain size b ₁ and / or b ") along with a still described in the following third Fiber grain b ^) are used, for the production of which only organic binder was used,

The advantage of using such a fiber grain b ^,) in a composite component according to the invention is that this fiber grain b ..) is present in a composite component after its production at least partially still in the form of fibers »As this fiber grain contains only organic binder, the at the use of the composite component, d * h, burns after the first heating to higher temperatures, remain single grains of this fiber grain b ₃ ) in the composite component as discrete areas and the fibers, which within this fiber grain either no or only a small bond As a result, inorganic binders which have penetrated, if necessary, retain a certain elasticity by non-firmly bonded ceramic fibers, so that the layer containing such a fibrous grain b ^) is particularly suitable as a stretch-compensating layer, since it has relatively good elastic properties applies in gew Issue even with the use of the fiber grain b "), in which by the special production of the fiber grain b ₂ ) penetrate only small amounts of phosphate binder in the fiber grain, so that even after a temperature treatment of such a fiber grain b ~) composite component according to the Invention, the interior of the fiber grain remains elastic, so that a total of the insulating layer or «Dehnungsausgleichsschicht

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maintains very good elastic properties «

In the other method according to the invention, first a matching to the molding of any refractory material, d * h. Complementary insulating layer molding from one of the aforementioned mixtures by pressing or stamping again under compression by the specified volume factor, prepared »This molding is then dried and / or tempered and / or fired and can then be glued or cemented with the molding of any refractory material« For gluing or for cementing, customary refractory cements or also a concentrated solution of a phosphate binder can be used.

In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which an insulating layer molding is glued to the molding of any refractory material or is puttied thereto, advantageously only in step c) drying of this Isolierschichtformteils performed, since this Isolierschichtformteil in such a case, a certain elasticity or has "deformability, so that a better adaptation to the molding of any refractory material is given»

The above explanations regarding the advantages of using a mixture containing fiber grains in the production of the insulating layer are also given in this case, ie by the use of fiber grains and in particular the fiber grains b _p ) and b ₃ ) it is achieved that the Insulating layer or expansion compensation layer contains particularly elastic and stress-absorbing properties «

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As already stated above, the reason for this is likely that the ceramic fibers in the details of the Fsserkörnung _t during their production no compaction was atigewandt or in whose preparation a larger volume fraction of organic binders and a lower proportion of Phosphatbinaemittel was used, their elastic properties retained in the individual grains of the insulating layer, when it is subjected to temperature, so that here there are elastic or stress-compensating individual areas or individual grains.

In the preparation of the fiber granulations b.), B ") and b ₃ ), as in the preparation of the mixture, it is also advantageous to use pulped fibers as described above.

The other starting materials used in the preparation of these fiber granulations correspond to the starting materials as already mentioned above »

The fiber grains b.), B ") and b.,) Are in the German patent applications P 31 05 579.6-45, P 31 05 531.1-45 or, P 31 05 530.3-45 of the Applicant, which are the same Days were deposited, described in more detail.

The following is an explanation of their production: Fiber Grain b *)

The preparation of this fiber grain is done so that

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fiber, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay

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and / or finely divided Al ^ O ^ and / or finely divided SiOp and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, if appropriate with the addition of plasticizer, are thoroughly mixed with about 2 to 100 parts by weight of water in a mixer;

b) the mixture obtained in step a) is compressed by a volume factor of at least 3, and

c) the product obtained in stage b) is dried and / or heat treated at temperatures of 250 to 600 C and / or fired at higher temperatures and then comminuted to the desired grain size *

The composition given here corresponds to the composition described above with reference to the mixture present in the insulating layer or expansion equalization layer. In the production of the fiber grain, the compression in step b) is preferably carried out by a volume factor of 5 to 8. The amount of water added in step a) depends on the compression device in which the compression is carried out by a volume factor of at least 3. When using a briquetting or a rotary table press, a water amount of 2 to 25 percent by "parts by generally is sufficient," while the use of an extruder wt _e parts by water must be added as a compacting device up to 100, since this requires a more plastic mass is required ,

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~ £ m. '\ J 8 sj' * * J W - 14 -

Fiber graining b _o )

The production of this fiber grain b ") takes place in this way

that

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers are mixed with 10 to 40 parts by weight of water in a mixer,

b) to the mixture obtained in step a) 5 to 20 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ^ O ^ and / or finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide and from 0 to 10 parts by weight of solid organic binder are added and mixed therein,

c) to the mixture obtained in step b) 0.5 to 4 parts by weight of an organic binder, calculated as solids, in solution, and 1 to 8 parts by weight of a phosphate binder., Calculated as P_0 ₅ , abandoned and mixed be, and

d) drying and granulating the mixture obtained in step c) *

Fiber graining b ^)

The preparation of this fiber grain b ^) is such that:

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely divided SiO_ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and from 1 to 10 parts by weight of organic binder, calculating

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net in solid form, thoroughly mixed with about 5 to 100 parts by weight of water in a mixer, and b) the mixture obtained in step a) is compacted by a volume factor of at least 3, dried and then comminuted to the desired grain size.

Similarly as in the preparation of the fiber grain size b.) Is to be added in this R & ll amount of water in which the compression means thereof is effected the compression of the mixture obtained in step a) depends _3, wherein in conventional compacting devices such as briquetting and turntable presses 5 to 25-turn parts water required. are "while at a compaction in an extrusion press up to 100 percent can be" parts by water to prepare a stronger plastic starting material in step a) is added "

For details of the preparation of the fiber grains b), bp) bzwe b ₃ ) reference is made to the aforementioned German patent applications of the Applicant «The preparation of these fiber grains is explained in more detail below by way of examples.

Production of fiber grains b ^)

In these examples, two different types of ceramic fibers were used, namely

A) ceramic fibers of the system Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ with 47 % Al ₂ O ₃ and 53 % SiO, whose operating limit temperature is 1260 ⁰ C, and

B) ceramic fibers of the system Al-O ₃ -SiO with 95% AIPO ₃ and 5% of SiO, which permit higher operating temperatures up to above 1500 C ⁰ *

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- 16 Example

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to some examples.

In the following examples, the weights are by weight unless otherwise specified.

example 1

There were 100 parts by weight of the ceramic fibers A), 10 parts by weight of binding clay with an Al-O ^ content of 35 wt .-% and 1.5 parts by weight of dry methylcellulose in powder form in an Eirich mixer entered and mixed together for 10 minutes. Then 10 parts by weight of 50% by weight monoaluminum phosphate solution and 2 parts by weight of water were sprayed onto the mass in the mixer with continuous mixing and mixed for a further 30 minutes.

The product taken out of the mixer was pressed at a pressing pressure of 30 N / mm in a platen press to a plate-shaped product having a thickness of 30 mm, whereby a compression by a factor of 5.5 was obtained.

The resulting plate-shaped product was then dried at 110 C for 24 hours in an oven and then fired at different temperatures for 24 hours each and then comminuted to a maximum grain size of 3 mm.

The grain had the following properties:

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Table I

Firing temperature (C) Grain space R (g / cm) Specific gravity S (g / cm) Pore volume, Pg, (Vol -%)

Chemical analysis (%) ^A lp ⁰ 3

P ₂ O ₅

800 1350 1510 1.34 1.52 1.77 2.60 2.70 2.75 47.7 43.7 35.6 44.7 50.7 2.95

Example 2

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated but using a turbo-mixer with the fibers in it. The pressing pressure in step b) was 10 and 15 N / mm respectively. Compression was at a factor of 4 or * 5 ».

the

O.

After crushing at 1350 ° C for 24 hours and crushing, a granulation having the following properties was obtained:

Table II

P _r eßdruck (N / mm) R (g / cm ³⁾ * specific weight (g / cm) Pg (VoI, -%)

10 15 0.7 1.02 2.7 2.7 74 63

Example 3

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the proportion of monoaluminum phosphate solution to 15 wt "-

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71 7

- 18 ~

Parts and the proportion of water was increased to 5 parts by weight with 20 minutes shortened mixing time. After a fire at 1350 ^° C. for 24 hours and comminution to the desired grain size, this had the following properties:

Table III

R (g / cm ³ ) 1.29

S (g / cm ³ ) 2.69

Pg (Vol "-%) 53.8

Example 4

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, but still 8 parts by weight of fireclay flour in stage a) were added »Furthermore, only 8.3 parts by weight of 50 wt .-% monoaluminum phosphate solution but 4 parts by weight of water in added to the mixing stage «

The compression pressure in the compression stage b) was 30 N / nm, which resulted in a compression by a volume factor of 5.2 »

The resulting plate-shaped product was dried at 180.degree. C. and samples were fired at the different temperatures indicated in the following Table IV. Thereafter, the dried or fired product was comminuted to a maximum particle size of 3 mm.

The obtained granulation had the following properties:

2373 7

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- 19 -

Table IV

Treatment Temp. ( ⁰ C) 180 800 1200 1300 1500 Grain weight, R. (g / cm ³ ) 1.30 1.26 1.31 1.34 1.48 spec-0-wt., (g / cm) 2, 60 2.60 2.65 2.68 2.72 Pg, (VoL%) 50.0 51.5 50.5 50.0 45.6 Example 5

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated * wherein jsdoch instead of ball clay 10 wt _e parts by very finely divided colloidal aluminum hydroxide was used »DiesesAluminiumhydroxid was as a highly viscous solution before" There were 8 wt, parts by 50 wt .-% strength mono aluminum phosphate solution and 3 Parts by weight of water added in the mixing stage *

The compression in the pressing stage was carried out at a press

2 pressure of 30 N / nm, this gave a volume factor of 5.4 in this compression stage _e

The further treatment was carried out as in Example 1, but the drying temperature was 120 ° C. and samples of the plate-shaped material were fired at the different firing temperatures indicated in Table V below. Subsequently, the material was granulated as in Example 1.

The fiber graining had the following properties:

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2373 7 9 3

120 , 34 800 , 32 1200 , 38 1300 1500 , 44 1 72 1 72 1 77 1, 1 , 83 2 , 7 2 , 5 2 2 2, 2 #1 50 51 50 50, 49 , 39 , 79 rl

- 20 Table V

Treat, temp, ( ⁰ C) Grain space weight, * R, (g / cm) spec, weight (g / cm) Pg, (VoI, -%)

Example 6

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that instead of 50 wt _e -% aqueous monoaluminum phosphate solution by weight in the mixer 4.5 parts by solid sodium polyphosphate were added. The amount of water used was 9 parts by weight *

When compacting at a pressure of 30 N / nm, a compression of 5.3 was achieved «

The further treatment was carried out as before, the drying being carried out at 120 ° C. The following table shows the properties of the fiber granules obtained according to the procedure of Example 1 from the dried product or products fired at different firing temperatures,

Table VI

Behandl. temp. ( ⁰ C) Grain space weight, R, (g / cm) spec. _Ä weight, (g / cm) Pg (by volume ft)

120 , 22 800 1200 1300 1500 1 60 1.19 1.32 1. 1.41 2 ,1 2.61 2.65 Second 2.73 53 54.4 50.1 , 38 48.4 , 69 48.6

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- P ^

Example 7

In this example the compaction was carried out by extrusion "

First, 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers B) were mixed in an Eirich mixer for 10 to 20 minutes with 1.5 parts by weight of dry methylcellulose. Then 10 parts by weight of the binding clay used in Example 1 and 2 parts by weight of finely divided chromium oxide having a maximum particle size of 63 μm were introduced into the running mixer, briefly mixed in, and then 10 parts by weight of a 50% by weight were added. % solution of monoaluminum phosphate and 80 parts by weight of water was added and thoroughly mixed. The extrusion was carried out in a conventional extrusion apparatus, wherein the nozzle had a cross section of 250 χ 190 mm. The volume factor achieved during compaction was 3.9. The material emerging from the die was cut to suitable billet lengths, these were first dried at 110 ° C. for 24 hours and fired at the different firing temperatures indicated in Table VII for 24 hours these processed test pieces are comminuted into a fiber grain with a maximum particle size of 6 mm «

The properties obtained on this fiber grain were as follows:

Table VII

Treating Temp, ( ⁰ C) Grain Weight, R, (g / cm) spec, Wt,, (g / cm) Pg, (Vol .-%)

110 900 1100 1300 1500 0.90 0.87 0.92 1.00 1.27 2.60 2.61 2.63 2.65 2.73 65.4 66.6 65.0 62.2 53.5

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BjSispi el 8

First, 100 parts by weight of fibers were digested with 1.5 parts by weight of dry methylcellulose in a turbo-mixer for 20 minutes, then 10 parts by weight of colloidal SiO were added in solid form, mixed with the fibers * 8 wt parts by solid powdered monoaluminium phosphate and abandoned 8 weight parts by _e water and mixed for another 12 minutes.

The resulting crumb-shaped mixture was compacted in a Brikettiereinrichtung with a volume factor of 4.9, then was dried for 24 hours at 120 ⁰ C, another sample was heat treated at 400 C without prior drying for 24 hours and another sample was also o! burned.

if 24 hours without prior drying at 1000 C

The obtained treated samples were comminuted to a maximum grain size of 4 mm, on the obtained fiber granulation the following properties were measured:

Table VIII

Behandl.-Temp _e ⁽⁰ C) Kornraumgew., R, (g / cm) Spec * wt. ~, (G / cm) Pg, (Vol .- &)

120 400 1000 1.15 1.10 1.13 2.58 2.57 2.65 55.4 57.2 57.3

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Production of fiber grains b ₂ )

In this production, the ceramic fibers Λ or, B previously mentioned in the fiber grains b ^) were also used *

Example e 9 to 11

The following approaches were used, the data refer to parts by weight:

Ex. 9 10 11

100 100 100 30 15 40 10 - 15 5 5 - - 2 1 4 - 3.5 - 5 - MB 2

Fiber AH ₂ O

bentonite

^τ 4 ³ sulfite waste liquor, methyl cellulose firmly fixed SuIfitablauge solution, 10 wt «-% ig

Methylcellulose solution 0.5-0.3

5% by weight

Monoaluminum phosphate solid 4 8

Sodium polyphosphate solid - 2.5

First, the ceramic fibers were placed in an Eirich mixer and then sprayed on the indicated amounts of water and mixed for 10 minutes. Then, on this mixture of bentonite, the Al ₂ O, and TiO, and the solid methyl cellulose or _e the solid spent sulfite liquor ascending

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and stir for 8 minutes. Thereafter, in the mixer, the indicated solutions of sulfite liquor or methyl cellulose, to which the finely divided, solid phosphate binder had been added, sprayed and mixed for a further 10 minutes.

The resulting crumbly mixture was taken out of the mixer.

The crumbly mixture of Examples 9 to 11 was dried for 6 hours at 120 ° C and then crushed in a roll crusher to a maximum grain size of 4 mm »

The properties determined on the products were as follows:

Ex. 9 10 11

Density, g / cra 0.22 0.14 0.40

Examples 12 to 14

The procedure of Examples 9 to 11 was repeated except that digested ceramic fibers B were used. Unlocking of the fibers took place (manufacturer Drais) in a turbo mixer, for this purpose, the fibers were treated in this equipped with cutter heads schneilaufenden mixer for 5 minutes. These digested fibers B were then transferred to an Eirich mixer into which the further ingredients were added according to the batches of Examples 9-11.

From the products of Examples 12 to 14 was also

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made a fiber grain

The properties determined on the products were as follows:

Eg, 12 13 14

Density (g / cm ^w) 0.17 0.45 0j25

Production of fiber grains b ^)

As in the production of the fiber grains b ₁ ), ceramic fibers A or B were used with the above-mentioned compositions.

Examples 15 to 19

The following approaches were used:

Ex. 15 16 17 18 19

ceramic fibers A loo - • "- - 50 ceramic fibers B - 100 100 100 50 Bindeton (with 35 % Al ₂ O ₃ 15 6 - 4 - Chromium oxide, <63, um - 4 4 - - colloid, SiO ₂ - - 6 2 4 colloid, AIpO-. - - - - 6 Methylcellulose, solid 6 MU 4 1

Sulphite waste liquor, solid 7 2 -

Fireclay Flour 2 -

Water 25 10 15 12 25

37 3 7 9 3

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- 26 -

In an Eirich mixer, the ceramic fibers were mixed with binding clay or the other ingredients for 5 minutes, then the organic binder or binder mixture was added and finally the water was added. It was mixed for a total of 20 minutes.

This mixture was compacted in a Brikettiereinrichtung (make KHD) for the specified volume factors, then dried for 12 hours at 120 ⁰ C and finally comminuted to a maximum particle size of about 6 mm. The following properties were determined on the fiber granulations obtained:

Ex. 15 16 17 18 19

Density, R _# (g / cm) 1.25 1.09 1.15 1.20 1.23 Compaction Factor 5.4 7.2 6.8 6.0 6.5 Pore Volume, Pg,

(% By volume) 49.5 69.7 68.0 53.8 62.6

Examples 20 to 24

The formulations of Examples 15 to 19 were repeated, but here open-ended fibers were used. The fibers are broken up for 5 minutes in a turbo mixer (manufactured by Drais). The remaining additives are then added and mixed in for 2 minutes.

The compaction was carried out in a hydraulic press to stones of 25ο χ 125 χ 30 mm, these were dried for 12 hours at 120 C and then comminuted to a maximum particle size of 6 mm. At the obtained fiber grains

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Folg Ο - 27 -the following properties were determined: Ex., 20 21 22 23 24

R (g / cm ³ ) 1 10 0 95 1 , 01 1 , 04 1 , 09 compression factor 6 , 0 7 , 9 7 2 6 , 9 7 3 Pg (vol .- *) 56 -.0 73 , 5 71 .7 59 , 9 66 , 6

At game 25

It has been the formulation of Example 20 is used with the exception that 80 Gews-parts of water were mixed "The compression was carried out in an extruder, in which case the cross-section of the nozzle was 250 χ 190 mm" The emerging from the extrusion press Rohbatzen were to suitable lengths cut off and dried for 24 hours at 120 ° C. Subsequently, the obtained, dried chunks were comminuted to a maximum grain size of 3. mm. The following properties were determined on the fiber granulation obtained:

R (g / cm ³ ) 0 95 compression factor 3 2 Pg (% by volume) 62 , 7

In the following, the production of composite components according to the invention will be explained in more detail by means of examples,

Example 26

A pulp was made using the following ingredients:

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η f) λ - 28 -

Parts by weight

ceramic fibers A 100

Bindeton with 35 % Al ₃ O ₃ 10

Fireclay flour, <63, to lu

Monoaluminium urea phosphate, solid 6

The above ingredients were added to a forced mixer (type cycle), mixed together for 2 minutes, then 25 parts by weight of water was added and mixed for another 15 minutes *

In a tin open-top mold box, a calcined tube of alumina was placed vertically so that a gap remained between the outside of this tube and the inside of the box mold box. In this room, the previously prepared pulp was filled and pulped with a pneumatic hammer. Subsequently, the pipe top edge was flushed off,

The composite component thus obtained was dried at 120 ^° C. for 24 hours and then fired at 1350 ° C. for 5 hours.

During the firing process, the fiber mass, d, h, the insulating layer, shrunk onto the tube to give a solid, permanent unit with the inner tube of refractory material,

Such a composite component can be used as an insulated gas line, namely for gases which are to be conducted at high temperatures, for example 1100 to 1150 ⁰ C and / or high gas velocity. Under such conditions, an insulating material without an inner tube made of refractory material, in this case a Siliziumcarbidrohr, could not be used.

AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18

Example 27

A pulp was made using the following ingredients:

Wt, parts by

ceramic fibers B 100

Clay (about 40 % by weight Al ₂ O ₃ ) 4

Al ^ O-, below 0.064 mm 6

Honoaluminium phosphate, solid 6

The ceramic fibers B were previously digested for 4 minutes in a turbo-blender »The further processing of the composition was carried out as in Example 26,

As the inner tube, a tube of silicon carbide with a diameter of 25 cm was used. After the pulping, the green compact obtained was dried at 300 ° C. for 24 hours. Then it was heated to 1000 ° C. by means of an electric heating element installed in the inner tube. Numerous temperature cycles were performed, i. h "the composite member was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and then reheated to 1000 ⁰ C * The composite member was excellent in service life, and the firmly seated insulating layer showed no cracking or flaking _e This means that the insulating layer forming fiber mass sufficiently elastic, despite high strength is to absorb different thermal expansions of silicon carbide from the inner tube on the one hand and the fiber material forming the insulating layer on the other hand *

AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18

Examples 28 to 33

The mixture used in Example 25 was prepared, to 100 parts by weight of this approach, the fiber granules listed in the following Table IX in the stated amounts and other amounts of water were added and mixed for 2 minutes in a mixer. In Examples 29, 31, 33, however, different from the batch in Example 26, 7.5 parts by weight of monoaluminum phosphate were used. With these compositions, composite components having excellent properties could be produced in accordance with the procedure of Example 26.

Table IX

Ex. 28 29 30 31 32 33 Fiber graining, type ^b l> ^b l> ^b 2> b ₂ ) ^b 3> ^b 3> Fiber Grain v, Ex. 1 5 11 12 IS 19 Quantity (parts by weight) 50 200 40 300 20 400 Example 34

The batch used in Example 27 was prepared, this was pressed in a plate press under a compression by a volume factor of 5.2 to plates with a thickness of 3 mm. The plates were dried at 120 ^° C. for 5 hours. Pieces of stone dimensions (405χ135 mm) were cut out of these plates and cemented to one side of fireclay bricks with a refractory putty. The composite components obtained in this way had a strain compensation layer,

AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18

At games 35 to 40

The amounts (in parts by weight) of fiber grains / s of the indicated types which were prepared in the examples likewise given in Table X, indicated in the following Table X, were introduced into an Eirich mixer for 100 parts by weight of aer Fiber granulation or _{3 of} the mixture of fiber granules was in each case 5 parts by weight of a 50% by weight solution of monoaluminum phosphate and 10 parts by weight of water applied, then mixed for a further 3 minutes. The resulting compositions were likewise coated around an inner tube of refractory material peeled off, whereby composite components having excellent properties were obtained.

Table X

Ex. 35 36 37 38 39 40

Fiber graining, type b.)

v, eg "fiber graining, type b")

v. Eg, fiber graining, type b,)

v »Example»

When building up the mixtures of fiber granulations, a grain structure with a maximum grain size of 3 mm and a proportion of less than 1 mm of about 30% by weight was observed *

100 - 50 25 25 4 3 6 7 - 100 50 50 25 12 12 13 14 - - - 25 50 17 18

Claims (16)

AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18 237379 3 - »- Invention claim 1. Refractory or fire-resistant composite component with a molding of any refractory or fire-resistant material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or a Dehnungsausgleichsschicht, characterized in that the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer is firmly connected to the molding and is made of: a) 100 parts by "parts by ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 wt, parts by clay and / or finely disintegrated Al ₂ O _3" and / or finely disintegrated _SiO? and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely disintegrated Titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as PpO ₅₁ and optionally a 'addition of plasticizer, or b) optionally with further addition of a binder from one of the following fiber granulations or a mixture of such fiber granulations b.) a first Fasererkörnung prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided AIpO ₃ and / or finely divided SiO_ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as ^p ₂ ° 5 »optionally with addition of plasticizer with 2 to 100% by weight, -Tei- AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18 len water ,. Compacting said resulting mixture by a volume factor of at least 3, drying and / or heat treating at 250 C to 600 C and / or firing at higher temperatures of the resulting product and then comminuting it to the desired grain size, a second fiber grain prepared by mixing 100 wt # parts by ceramic fibers with 10 to 40 parts by water, adding and mixing 5-20 Gevv.-parts of clay and / or finely 'sawn wt _e Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely disintegrated siop and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or very finely divided magnesia and / or very finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide and from 0 to 10 parts by weight of solid organic binder, applying and mixing in from 0.5 to 4 parts by weight of organic binder in solution and from 1 to 8% by weight * * Dividing a phosphate binder, calculated as P ₂ O ₅ , drying the product obtained and crushing to the desired grain size, or a mixture of one of the fiber grains b-) and / or bp) with a third fiber grain b) prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers with 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided AIpO, and / or very finely divided SiO and / or aluminum hydroxides and / the finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 10 parts by weight of organic binder , calculated in solid form, and 5 to 100 parts by weight of water, compressing the obtained 373 7 AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18 - 34 - Mixing by a volume factor of at least 3, drying the product and crushing to the desired grain size, or c) from a mixture of a) and one or more of the fiber granulations b.), b ") and b.,), 2. Composite component according to item 1, characterized in that it contains in the insulating layer as clay constituent bentonite * 3 · composite component according to point l _r characterized in that it is in the insulating layer as a further refractory additive
Porcelain flour, chamotte or hollow spherical corundum contains » 4 composite component according to item 1, characterized in that the insulating layer contains as a phosphate binder sodium polyphosphate. 5, composite component according to item 1, characterized in that the insulating layer contains as phosphate binder monoaluminum phosphate, 6 composite component according to item 1, characterized in that it contains methylcellulose in the insulating layer as a plasticizer or organic binder, 7. Composite component according to item 1, characterized in that it contains as organic binder molasses or sulfite waste liquor ». 8. Composite component according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that it is used as ceramic fibers AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18 Ό 0 - 35 - contains closed ceramic fibers, 9, composite component according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that it is a rohrfcrmiger body with external insulating layer. 10 composite component according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that in the insulating layer cavities, in particular cable paths, or cavities for receiving lines or reinforcements are present. 11 * A method for producing a Verbund'oauteils item 1, characterized in that a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or very finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, Expects to be thoroughly mixed with 2 to 25 parts by weight of water in a mixer as P ₂ S 5 optionally with addition of plasticizer. b) the mixture obtained in step a) is pressed on at least one side of a molded part of any refractory or fire-resistant material with compression by a volume factor of at least 3, and c) the green compact obtained in step b) of the composite component dried and / or annealed at temperatures of 25o to 600 C and / or at temperatures of 600 AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18 ^ "# - 36 to 1600 ⁰ C is burned. 12. The method according to item 11, characterized in that in step a) after preparation of the mixture nor a fiber granulation with the compositions specified in point 1 bi) »b _o ) or b-,) or a mixture thereof is briefly mixed, in which case the compression in stage b) takes place by a volume factor of at least 1.5. 13. A method for producing a composite component according to
Item 1, characterized in that a fiber grain with the composition b.) Or bp) or a mixture thereof or a mixture of the mentioned in point 1 fiber granulation b-,) with a fiber grain b ₁ ) or b ₂ ) or a mixture thereof with VVasser optionally with further addition of phosphate binder or organic binder, is added with water to a compressible mass that this mass on
at least one side of a molding of any
refractory or fire-resistant material pressed on
is dried and the resulting green compact of the composite component and / or at temperatures of 250 to 600 ⁰ C.
tempered and / or fired at temperatures of 600 to 1600 ⁰ C, 14 «method for producing a composite component according to Item 1, characterized in that a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided A1 "O" and / or very finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or very finely divided Titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18 optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives ₃ 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, water are thoroughly mixed in a mixer, optionally with the addition of plasticizer ₃ with 2 to 25 parts by weight, optionally a fiber grain size of the in point 1 composition b.), b _o ) or D ₃ ) or a mixture thereof is mixed in briefly, b) the mixture obtained in step a) to a complementary or the molding of any refractory or refractory material Isolierungs- or "stretch compensation layer molding compacted by a volume factor of at least 3 when using the mixture without Fasererkörnung / s or at least 1.5 at Use of a mixture containing fiber granules or fiber granules, c) the green compact of the insulating layer or expansion-compensation layer molding obtained in step b) is dried and / or tempered at temperatures of 250 to 500 ° C and / or fired at temperatures of 600 to 1600 C, and d) the insulating layer or "expansion compensation layer molding obtained in step c) is bonded to the molding of any refractory or fire-resistant material by gluing or cementing, 15, A method for producing a composite component according to item 11 to 14, characterized in that _t the pulped as ceramic fibers in the preparation of the mixture or in der'Faserkörnung fibers are used. AP C 04 B / 237 379/3 60 419 18 373 79 - 38 - 16 * Method for producing a composite component according to one of the items 12, 14 or 15, characterized in that up to 100 parts by weight of one of the fiber granules b.), b _o ) or fc> ₃ ) or a mixture thereof are added to 100 parts by weight of the mixture. .