DE3105595C2 - Refractory or fire-resistant composite component with a molded part made of any type of refractory or fire-resistant material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or an expansion compensation layer and a method for producing this composite component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire-resistant or fire-resistant composite component with a molded part made of any fire-resistant or fire-resistant material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or an expansion compensation layer that contains inorganic fiber material and possibly other additives. The composite component according to the invention is characterized in that the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer is firmly connected to the molded part and essentially to 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or other finely divided refractory materials and optionally up to to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as P ↓ 2O ↓ 5, and optionally an additive as a plasticizer or has been made from a fiber grain of the composition specified above. The advantage of the composite components according to the invention is that their insulating layer consists mainly of ceramic fiber materials and is nevertheless very firmly connected to the composite component, which has good wear resistance and relatively high strength.

Description

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that in step a) after preparation of the mixture still a fiber grain with the compositions specified in claim 1 b,), b ₂ ) or b ₃ ) or a mixture thereof is briefly mixed in, in which case the compression in stage b) takes place by a volume factor of at least 1.5.

13. A method for producing a composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that a fiber grain having the composition bi) or b ₂ ) specified in claim 1 or a mixture thereof or a mixture of the fiber grain b mentioned in claim 1.) With a fiber grain bi ) or b ₂ ) or a mixture thereof, optionally with further addition of phosphate binder or organic binder, is made up with water to form a moldable mass, that this mass is pressed onto at least one side of a molded part made of any refractory or refractory material and the resulting green compact the composite component is dried and / or tempered at temperatures of 250 to 600 ° C and / or fired at temperatures of 600 to 1600 ° C.

14. A method for producing a composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ Oi and / or finely divided SIO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium oxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, optionally with the addition of plasticizing agent, are thoroughly mixed with 2 to 25 parts by weight of water in a mixer, optionally still a fiber grain of the composition b,), b ₂ ) or bi) specified in claim 1 or a mixture thereof is briefly mixed in,

b) the mixture obtained in step a) into one of the molded part made of any refractory or fire-resistant Complementary insulating layer or expansion compensation layer material under compression by a volume factor of at least 3 when using the mixture without fiber grain (s) or of at least 1.5 be; Use of a fiber grain or containing fiber grains Mixture is compression molded,

c) the green compact of the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer molded part obtained in step b) is dried and / or annealed at temperatures from 250 to 600 ° C and / or at temperatures from 600 to 1600 ° C is fired, and

d) the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer obtained in step c) with the molded part any fire-resistant or fire-resistant material is connected by gluing or cementing.

15. A method for producing a composite component according to claim 11 to 14, characterized in that that disrupted as ceramic fibers in the production of the mixture or in the fiber grain Fibers are used.

16. A method for producing a composite component according to one of claims 12, 14 or 15, characterized in that up to 400 parts by weight of one of the fiber grains bi), b ₂ ) or bi) or a to 100 parts by weight of the mixture Mixture of these can be added.

The invention relates to a fire-resistant or fire-resistant composite component with a molded part made of bright, fire-resistant or fire-resistant material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or an expansion compensation layer, an inorganic fiber material and possibly other additives contains, and a method for producing such a composite structure.

There are already composite parts known, which in addition to a molded part made of any refractory material still have an insulating layer. The reason for this is that refractory moldings with good mechanical Properties Generally have a high thermal conductivity, so that it is advantageous for such a molded part in certain applications in which greater heat losses are to be avoided still provide an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation.

According to DE-OS 24 29 925 is a heat insulating material for the thermally insulating lining of \

Casting molds known- By equipping the carrier material with a thin cover layer made of fiber material the ingress of molten metal into the lining is to be avoided. Based on the Covering layer can, however, be used as a teaching for the composition and manufacture of a composite structure not obtained with an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation.

The object of the present invention are improved refractory or fire-resistant composite components of the previously described type, in which the insulating layer consists mainly of a ceramic fiber material and yet it is very firmly connected to the molded part made of any refractory material and at the same time has the property of good wear resistance and relatively high strength.

To solve this problem, the composite component according to the invention is used as it is in the characterizing part of the

Claim 1 is described in more detail.

Preferred embodiments are described in more detail in claims 2 to 10.

The invention further relates to a method for producing such inventive composite components, these processes are described in more detail in claims 11 to 16.

The ceramic fibers or mineral fibers used to produce the composite components according to the invention can be all conventional fibers of this type, e.g. B. rock wool or fibers based on aluminum silicate with particularly high Al ₂ O ₃ contents in the range of 45 to 95 wt .-%. Mixtures of different ceramic fibers can of course also be used.

The clay used to make the composite members of the present invention can be a conventional clay or a clay special binding clay, advantageously bentonite. This tone is commonly used in an amount of 2 to 15 parts by weight are used for 100 parts by weight of the ceramic fibers.

Furthermore, up to 10 parts by weight of others can be used in the production of the composite components according to the invention Refractory additives are used, examples of which are porcelain powder, chamotte or hollow spherical corundum.

Advantageously, the total proportion of clay p! From other refractory additives is 20 parts by weight to 100 Parts by weight of the ceramic fibers.

_{The other finely divided components, such as finely divided Al 2} O) and / or finely divided SIO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally used in the production of the composite components according to the invention are components known to be used in the refractory field. The expression "finely divided" used here in connection with the above-mentioned constituents is to be understood as meaning that these constituents are in the finely ground or in the colloidal state. In particular when using such materials in a colloidal state as colloidal SiO ₂ or colloidal aluminum oxide, it is possible to use only small amounts of binder, namely close to the lower limit of 1 part by weight of such a binder.

The phosphate binder used in the production of the composite components according to the invention is a customary phosphate binder, the specified amounts in weight points relate to P ₂ Os in the respective binder.

Examples of such phosphate binders are sodium polyphosphate with a degree of polymerization of /; .2. 4 and preferably with a degree of polymerisation of 6 to 10. Another phosphate binder is monoaluminum phosphate, which is a commercially available product both in solid, ground form and as an aqueous solution with 50% by weight of MAP.

In addition, customary plasticizers can also be used in the production of the composite components according to the invention are used, such are, for example, surface-active compounds or in particular Methyl cellulose.

Furthermore, organic binders can also be used in the production of the composite components according to the invention can be used, examples of which are molasses, sulphite waste liquor and, in particular, methyl cellulose.

In an advantageous embodiment of the composite component according to the invention, the ceramic fibers are used as opened fibers during its production. For this purpose, commercially available fibers are placed in a turbo-mixer in their delivery condition, in which the fibers, which are usually supplied as fiber bundles, are converted into broken down fibers. Such a turbo mixer consists of a mixing unit with rapidly rotating cutter heads, whereby any agglomerates present in commercially available fibers, some of which are in a highly compacted form, are broken down without the fibers being broken or comminuted in an inadmissible manner.
The composite structure according to the invention can be produced by two different methods.

In the first process, a mixture of 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely divided SlO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides is initially used in step a) and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as P ₂ O ₅ , optionally an additive Plasticizer with 2 to 100 parts by weight prepared in a mixer. A commercially available countercurrent mixer with a rotating mixing plate can be used as the mixer.

This finished mixture is then in step b) on one side of the molded part from the arbitrary, refractory Material pressed on, but here a compression by a volume factor of at least 3 and advantageously from 5 to 8 is required.

This pressing can take place, for example, in the case of a molded block, so that the first in the form in the Stage a) produced mixture is entered and then the molded part made of any refractory material placed and then a compression is carried out. The reverse process is also possible possible, d. H. A molded part made of any refractory material can first be inserted into a mold <> ·> And on this molded part made of this refractory material a mixture, as it was produced in step a), abandoned and then the pressing can be carried out under the specified compression.

The production of an insulating layer on the outside of a pipe is particularly simple. For this purpose, the

already finished, tubular molded part made of any refractory material in a shape with a larger diameter inserted as the outer diameter of the refractory tube and into the space

i >> between the pipe made of refractory material and the core the mixture produced in step a) is poured in and either crushed or pressed in.

In an alternative embodiment, after the mixture has been prepared, another is shown below Fiber grains bi), bj) or bj) described below or a mixture thereof briefly mixed into the mixture

and then this mass on at least one side of a molded part made of any refractory or fire-resistant Material pressed on with compression. In the case of using a mixture described above Without the addition of a fiber grain, the compression must be by a volume factor of at least 3, this compression factor is advantageously between 5 and 8. The maximum compression factor, which can be achieved with conventional pressing. Rests on the order of about 12-14. If one of the previously mentioned fiber grains is added to the mixture, there is not such a high degree of compaction possible, but the volume factor of the compression should in any case be around 1.5. An advantageous one The range of volume factors when using a mixture containing fiber grain (s) is between 2.5 and 4. The reason for this lower compression factor is to be seen in the fact that the fiber grains are do not allow it to be compressed so tightly. This applies in particular to those already suspected during their production Fiber grains bi) and bj).

The weight ratios of the mixture, without the water content, to fiber grain (s) are advantageously from 20:80 to 80:20. The addition of a fiber grain naturally results in more mixing water required, so that the total amount of water added must be increased. However, this can be done by simple Preliminary tests can easily be determined in each case.

In an alternative embodiment of this method, one of the fiber grains bi) or b ₂ ) described below, optionally with the addition of further binder, in particular inorganic binder and particularly preferably one of the aforementioned phosphate binders, is mixed with a suitable amount of water, this also when used of dissolved binders can be provided by the water of solution, the amount of water is usually 2 to 30 parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of the fiber grain. The amount of water depends on the fiber grain used, this applies in particular when using the fiber grain bi), which is used both in the dried and in the tempered or fired state. However, it is easily possible to determine the amount of water required in each case by means of simple preliminary tests. Instead of one of the fiber grains b,) or b ₂ ) or a mixture thereof, a fiber grain bi and / or b ₂ ) can also be used together with a third fiber grain bi) described below, for the production of which only organic binder was used.

The advantage of using such a fiber grain bj) in a composite component according to the invention is that this fiber grain b3> is still at least partially in the form of fibers in the composite component after its production. Since this fiber grain only contains organic binder, which burns out when the composite component is used, ie after the first heating to higher temperatures, single grains of this fiber grain bj) remain in the composite component as discrete areas and the fibers which are within this fiber grain either Experienced little or no binding by inorganic binders which may have penetrated, consequently retain a certain elasticity due to ceramic fibers that are not firmly bonded to one another, so that the layer containing such a fiber grain bj) is particularly suitable as an expansion compensation layer, since it has relatively good elastic properties. This also applies to a certain extent when using the fiber grain b ₂ ), in which only small amounts of phosphate binder penetrate into the fiber grain due to the special production of the fiber grain b ₂ ), so that even after a temperature treatment one made with such fiber grain b ₂ ) Composite component according to the invention, the interior of the fiber grain remains elastic, so that overall the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer retains very good elastic properties.

In the other method according to the invention, first of all a refractory material is added to the molded part Material suitable, d. H. Complementary molded insulating layer part made from one of the aforementioned mixtures produced by pressing or pounding again with compression by the specified volume factor. This molded part is then dried and / or tempered and / or fired and can then be used with the molded part can be glued or cemented from any refractory material. For sticking or for cementing Usual refractory cement or a concentrated solution of a phosphate binder can be used will.

In this embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which an insulating layer molding with The molded part made of any fire-resistant material is glued or cemented onto it, is advantageous admittedly, in stage c) only drying of this insulating layer molded part is carried out, since this insulating layer molded part in such a case still has a certain elasticity or deformability, so that a better Adaptation to the molded part made of any refractory material is given.

The above statements regarding the advantages of using a mixture containing fiber grains in the production of the insulating layer are also given in this case, that is, by using fiber grains and in particular fiber grains b ₂ ) and bj) , the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer is achieved contains particularly elastic and tension-absorbing properties.

As stated above, the reason for this is likely that the ceramic fibers in the individual particles the fiber grain, in the manufacture of which no compaction was used or in their manufacture a larger volume fraction of organic binders and a smaller fraction of phosphate binders was used, their elastic properties in the individual grains of the insulating layer when these with temperature is acted upon, so that here elastic or stress-compensating individual areas or Single grains are present.

In the production of the fiber grains bi), b ₂ ) and b ₃ ), as in the production of the mixture, advantageously digested fibers, as described above, are used.

The other starting materials used in the production of these fiber grains correspond to the Source materials, as they have already been mentioned.

Their production is explained below:

Fiber grain bi)
The production of these fiber grains takes place in such a way that

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided AUO ₃ and / or finely divided SIO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxide and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of others

H) Refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binders, optionally with the addition of plasticizers, be mixed thoroughly in a mixer with about 2 to 100 parts by weight of water,

b) the mixture obtained in step a) is compressed by a volume factor of at least 3, and

c) the product obtained in step b) is dried and / or heat-treated at temperatures of 250 to 600.degree and / or fired at higher temperatures and then down to the desired grain size is crushed.

The composition given below corresponds to the composition as described above with reference to the mixture present in the insulating layer or the expansion compensation layer. During the production of the fiber granules, the compaction in stage b) is preferably increased by a volume factor of ²⁰ . 5 to 8 performed. The amount of water added in stage a) depends on the compression device in which compression is carried out by a volume factor of at least 3. When using a briquetting device or a turntable press, an amount of water of 2 to 25 parts by weight is generally sufficient, while when using an extruder as a compacting device, up to 100 parts by weight of water must be added, since this requires a stronger plastic mass.

Fiber grain b ₂ )
This fiber grain b ₂ ) is produced in such a way that:

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers are mixed with 10 to 40 parts by weight of water in a mixer,
b) to the mixture obtained in stage a) 5 to 20 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely divided SlO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, as well as 0 to 10 parts by weight of solid, organic binder are added and mixed in,
c) 0.5 to 4 parts by weight of an organic binder, calculated as a solid, in solution, and 1 to 8 parts by weight of a phosphate binder, calculated as P2O5, are added to the mixture obtained in step b) and mixed in, and

d) the mixture obtained in step c) is dried and granulated.

Fiber grain bj)

The production of this fiber grain b ₃ ) takes place in such a way that:

a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 10 parts by weight of organic binder, calculated In solid form, are thoroughly mixed with about 5 to 100 parts by weight of water in a mixer, and

b) the mixture obtained in step a) compressed by a volume factor of at least 3, dried and then crushed to the desired grain size.

As in the production of the fiber grain bi), the amount of water to be added in this case is made up of it

depending on the compression device in which the compression of the mixture obtained in stage a) takes place, 5 to 25 parts by weight in conventional compression equipment such as briquetting presses and rotary table presses Water are required, while up to 100 parts by weight of water are required for compression in an extruder for the production of a more plastic starting material can be added in stage a).

The production of these fiber grains is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples.

Production of fiber grains bi)

Two different types of ceramic fibers were used in these examples, viz

A) ceramic fibers of the system Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ with 47% Al ₂ O ₃ and 53% SlO ₂ , the application limit temperature of which is 1260 ° C, and

h * B) ceramic fibers of the Al ₂ Oi-SiO _{2 system} with 95% Al ₂ O. and 5% SIO ₂ , which allow higher salt temperatures up to above 1500 ° C.

In the following examples, the data relate to the point by weight, unless otherwise stated.

example 1

There were 100 parts by weight of the ceramic fibers A), 10 parts by weight of binding clay with an AUCh content of 35 parts by weight and 1.5 parts by weight of dry methyl cellulose in powder form. Entered into a Elrlch mixer and mixed together for 10 minutes. Then 10 parts by weight of 50% by weight monoaluminum phosphate solution were added and 2 parts by weight of water sprayed onto the mass in the mixer while continuing to mix and mixed for another 30 minutes.

The product taken out of the mixer was pressed at a pressure of 30 N / mm ² in a plate press to give a plate-shaped product with a thickness of 30 mm, a compression by a factor of 5.5 being obtained.

The plate-shaped product obtained was then ^{dried in an oven at HO 0} C for 24 hours and then fired for 24 hours at different temperatures and then comminuted to a maximum grain size of 3 mm.

The grit had the following properties:

Table I.

Firing temperature ( ⁰ C)

Grain density, R (g / cm ³ ) 1.34 1.52 1.77

specific weight, S (g / cm ³ )

Pore volume, Pg (vol .-%) chemical analysis (%)

Example 2

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, but using a turbo-mixer which disintegrated the fibers. The compression pressure in stage b) was 10 and 15 N / mm ² , the compression was a factor of 4 and 5, respectively.

After a fire at 1350 ° C. for 24 hours and comminution, a grain with the following properties was obtained obtain:

Table II

Compression pressure (N / rnm ² ) 10 15

R (g / cm ³ ) 0.7 1.02

specific gravity (g / cm ³ ) 2.7 2.7

Pg (VoL-%) 74 63

Example 3

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the proportion of monoaluminum phosphate solution was increased to 15 parts by weight and the proportion of water to 5 parts by weight with the mixing tent 5U shortened to 20 minutes. After a fire at 135O ⁰ C for 24 hours and comminution to the desired grain size, this had the following properties:

Table III

800 1350 1510 1.34 1.52 1.77 2.60 2.70 2.75 47.7 43.7 35.6 Al ₂ O ₃ 44.7 SiO ₂ 50.7 P ₂ O ₅ 2.95

R (g / cm ³ ) 1.29

S (g / cm ³ ) 2.69

Pg (vol%) 53.8

Example 4

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that 8 parts by weight of fireclay flour were still in the Stage a) were added. Furthermore, only 8.3 parts by weight of 50% by weight monoaluminum phosphate solution were used however, 4 parts by weight of water were added in the mixing stage.

The compression pressure in compression stage b) was 30 N / mm ² , which resulted in compression by a volume factor of 5.2.

The sheet-like product obtained was dried at 180 ° C. and samples were taken from the different

Chen, fired at the temperatures given in Table IV below. The dried or fired product was then comminuted to a maximum grain size of 3 mm.
The granules obtained had the following properties:

5 Table IV

Treatment ^{temperature (0} C) 180 800 1200 1300 1500 Grain density, R (g / cm ³ ) 1.30 1.26 1.31 1.34 1.48 specific weight (g / cm ³ ) 2.60 2.60 2.65 2.68 2.72 Pg (vol .-%) 50.0 51.5 50.5 50.0 45.6

Example 5

The work of Example 1 was repeated, but instead of the binding clay, 10 parts by weight of very fine divided colloidal aluminum hydroxide was used. This aluminum hydroxide was found to be highly viscous Solution before. 8 parts by weight of 50% strength by weight monoaluminum phosphate solution and 3 parts by weight of water were added added to the mixing stage.

The compression in the compression stage took place at a compression pressure of 30 N / mm ² , which resulted in a volume factor of 5.4 in this compression stage.

The further treatment was carried out as in Example 1, but the drying temperature was 12G ¹ C and samples of the plate-shaped material were fired at the different firing temperatures given in Table V below. The material was then granulated as in Example 1.

The fiber grain had the following properties:

Table V

Treatment ^{temperature (0} C) Grain density, R (g / cm ³ ) Specific weight (g / cm ³ ) Pg (% by volume)

Example 6

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that instead of the 50% strength by weight monoaluminum phosphate solution 4.5 parts by weight of solid sodium polyphosphate were added in the mixing stage. the The amount of water used was 9 parts by weight.

When compacting with a compression pressure of 30 N / mm ² , compression by a volume factor of 5.3 was achieved.

The world treatment was carried out as before, with drying being carried out at 120 ° C. In the following The table shows the properties of the fiber grains obtained in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 from the dried product or the products fired at different firing temperatures.

Table VI

120 800 1200 1300 1500 1.34 1.32 1.38 1.39 1.44 2.72 2.72 2.77 2.79 2.83 50.7 51.5 50.2 50.1 49.1

Treatment ^{temperature (0} C) Grain density, R (g / cm ³ ) Specific weight (g / cm ³ ) Pg (% by volume)

120 800 1200 1300 1500 1.22 1.19 1.32 1.38 1.41 2.60 2.61 2.65 2.69 2.73 53.1 54.4 50.1 48.6 48.4

Example 7

In this example, densification was carried out by extrusion.

First, 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers B) were mixed with 1.5 parts by weight of dry methyl cellulose in an Eirich mixer for 10 to 20 minutes. Then 10 parts by weight of the binding clay used in Example 1 and 2 parts by weight of finely divided chromium oxide with a maximum particle size of 63 μπι were entered into the running mixer, briefly mixed, then 10 parts by weight of a 50 wt. ⁿ i.lgen solution of mono-aluminum phosphate and 80 parts by weight of water abandoned and thoroughly mixed. The extrusion was carried out in a conventional extrusion device, the nozzle having a cross section of 250 × 190 mm. The volume factor achieved during compaction was 3.9. The material emerging from the nozzle was cut to suitable lump lengths, these were first dried for 24 hours at 110 ° C. and then each fired for 24 hours at the different firing temperatures given in Table VIl. Then these treated sample lumps were comminuted to a fiber grain with a maximum grain size of 6 mm.

The properties obtained on this fiber grain were as follows:

Table VII

110 900 1100 1300 1500 0.90 0.87 0.92 1.00 1.27 2.60 2.61 2.63 2.65 2.73 65.4 66.6 65.0 62.2 53.5 Example 8

Treatment temperature ( ⁰ C) Grain density, R (g / cm ³ ) Specific weight (g / cm ³ ) Pg (% by volume)

First 100 parts by weight of fibers were mixed with 1.5 parts by weight of dry methyl cellulose for 20 minutes Digested in a turbo mixer, then 10 parts by weight of colloidal SiOj in solid form added, mixed with the fibers. 8 parts by weight of solid, powdery monoaluminium plastic were indicated and 8 parts by weight of water and mixed for a further 12 minutes.

The resulting, crumbly mixture was in a briquetting device with a volume factor of 4.9 compacted, then dried for 24 hours at 120 ° C, another sample was at 400 ° C without prior drying heat treated for 24 hours and another sample was also without prior Drying at 1000 ° C for 24 hours.

The treated samples obtained were crushed to a maximum grain size of 4 mm on the one obtained The following properties were measured for the fiber grain:

Table VIII

Treatment ^{temperature (0} C) 120 400 1000 Grain density, R (g / cm ³ ) 1.15 1.10 1.13 specific weight (g / cm ³ ) 2.58 2.57 2.65 Pg (vol .-%) 55.4 57.2 57.3

Production of fiber grain O ₂ )

During this production, the ceramic fibers A mentioned above were also used or B is used.

Examples 9 to II
The following approaches were used, the data relate to parts by weight:

Examples

11th

Fibers AH ₂ O

Bentonite Al ₂ O ₃ TiO ₂

Solid methyl cellulose sulphite waste liquor, solid sulphite waste liquor solution, 10% by weight Methyl cellulose solution, 5% by weight monoaluminium phosphate, solid, sodium polyphosphate, solid

100

100
40
15th

3.5

0.5

2.5

First, the ceramic fibers were placed in a moose mill and then the specified Sprayed amounts of water and mixed for 10 minutes. The bentonite was then added to this mixture, the AhOi or TlOj, and the solid methyl cellulose or the solid sulfite waste liquor given up and another 8 minutes mixed in. Then the specified solutions of sulphite waste liquor or methyl cellulose, to which the finely divided, solid phosphate binders had been added, sprayed on and still mixed for another 10 minutes.

The resulting crumbly mixture was taken out of the mixer.

The crumbly mixture of Examples 9 to 11 was dried for 6 hours at 120 ° C and then in crushed by a roller crusher to a maximum grain size of 4 mm.

The properties determined on the products were as follows:

Example 9 10 11

Volume weight, g / cmr / 0.22 0.14 0.40

Examples 12-14

The procedure of Examples 9 to 11 was repeated, but with more digested, ceramic Fibers B were used. The fibers were broken down in a turbo mixer, for this purpose the ίο Fibers treated in this high-speed mixer equipped with knife heads for 5 minutes. These open-minded Fibers B were then transferred to a Elrlch mixer, in which the other ingredients according to the approaches of Examples 9 to 11 were added.

A fiber grain was also produced from the products of Examples 12 to 14

The properties determined on the products were as follows:

Example 12 13 14

Volume weight (g / cm ³ ) 0.25 0.17 0.45

Production of fiber grain bi)

As with the production of the fiber grain bi) here ceramic fibers A and B with the previously specified compositions are used.

Examples 15-19
The following approaches were used:

Examples 15 16 17 18 19

100 100 100 50

Binding ion (with 35% Al ₂ O ₃ ) 15 6 · - 4

4 4 - -

6 2 4

"« »* ■ j 1 ... 1. _ 11 _ _ t _ ._ _ 1 * i Z" / 11

_. 10 15 12 25

The ceramic fibers were mixed with binding clay or the other components in an Elrlch mixer Mixed for 5 minutes, then the organic binder or binder mixture was applied and last added the water. It was mixed for a total of 20 minutes.

This mixture was then compressed in a Brikettlereinrichtung by the specified volume factors, then crushed for 12 hours at 120 ⁰ C and finally dried mm to a maximum particle size of approx. 6 The following properties were determined on the fiber grains obtained:

_5J examples 15 16 17 18 19

ceramic fibers A 100 6th - 2 ceramic fibers B - 25th Binding ion (with 35% Al ₂ O ₃ ) 15th Chromium oxide, <63 μm - colloid. SiO ₂ - colloid. Al ₂ O ₃ - Methyl cellulose, solid Sulphite waste liquor, solid Fireclay flour Waser

Volume weight, R (g / cm ³ ) 1.25 1.09 1.15 1.20 1.23 Compression factor 5.4 7.2 6.8 6.0 6.5 Pore volume, Pg (vol .-%) 49.5 69.7 68.0 53.8 62.6

Examples 20 to 24

The approaches of Examples 15 to 19 were repeated, but using pulped fibers became. The fibers were disrupted in a turbo mixer for 5 minutes. Afterward the other additives were added and mixed in for 2 minutes.

The compacting was carried out mm in a hydraulic press into bricks of 250 χ 125 χ 30, these were ground for 12 hours at 12O ⁰ C and then dried mm to a maximum particle size of. 6 The following properties were determined on the fiber grains obtained:

Examples 20 21 22 23 24

1.10 0.95 1.01 6.0 7.9 7.2 56.0 73.5 71.7 Delspiel 25

R (g / cm3) 1.10 0.95 1.01 1.04 1.09

Compression factor 6.0 7.9 7.2 6.9 7.3

Pg (VoL- ¹¹ A) 56.0 73.5 71.7 59.9 66.6

The approach of Example 20 was used with the exception that 80 parts by weight of water were mixed in. The compression took place in an extruder, the cross section of the nozzle being 250 × 190 mm. The exiting from the extruder Rohbatzen were cut to suitable lengths and dried for 24 hours at 120 ⁰ C. The dried lumps obtained were then comminuted to a maximum grain size of 3 mm. The following properties were determined on the powder granules obtained:

R (g / cm ³ ) 0.95

Compaction factor 3.2

Pg (vol%) 62.7

The production of composite components according to the invention is described in more detail below with the aid of examples explained.

Example 26

A pulp was made using the following ingredients: ^{2: i}

The aforementioned ingredients were placed in a compulsory mixer for 2 minutes together mixed, then 25 parts by weight of water were added and mixed for a further 15 minutes.

In a flask made of sheet metal, which is open at the top, a burnt tube made of alumina is arranged vertically, so that between the outside of this tube and the inside of the sheet metal box there is a gap stayed. In this room the previously prepared fiber mass was poured in and using a pneumatic hammer pulped. Then the upper edge of the pipe was wiped off flush.

The composite component obtained in this way was dried for 24 hours at 120.degree. C. and then for 5 hours at Burned at 1350 "C.

Such a composite component can be used as an insulated gas line, specifically in the case of gases which are to be carried at high temperatures of, for example, 1100 to 115O ⁰ C and / or a high gas velocity. Under such conditions, an insulating material without an inner tube of refractory material, in this case a silicon carbide tube, would not be able to be used.

Example 27

50 A pulp was made using the following ingredients:

Parts by weight ceramic fibers A 100 Binding clay with 35 ⁰ AAI ₂ O ₃ 10 Chamomile flour, <63 μm 10 Mono aluminum phosphate, solid 6th

Parts by weight

ceramic fibers B 100

Clay (approx. 40% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ ) 4

Al ₂ O ₃ below 0.064 mm 6

Mono aluminum phosphate, solid 6

The ceramic fibers B were previously disrupted in a turbo mixer for 4 minutes. the The mass was further processed as in Example 26.

A tube made of silicon carbide with a diameter of 25 cm was used as the inner tube. Following the pulping of the obtained green compact at 300 ⁰ C for 24 hours was dried. Then it was heated mitiels of the inner tube built-in electric heater to 1000 ^0C. There have been many Tcmperaturzyklen, ie the composite component was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and then re-heated to 1000 ^0C. The composite structure had excellent durability, and the

tightly fitting insulating layer showed no cracks or flaking. This means that it is the insulating layer forming fiber mass is elastic enough despite high strength. different thermal expansions of Silicon carbide from the inner tube on the one hand and the fiber line forming the insulating layer on the other hand aul / ulangen.

Examples 28 to 33

The batch used in Example 26 was prepared, the fiber grains listed in Table IX below were added to 100 parts by weight of this batch in the specified amounts and further amounts of water and mixed in for 2 minutes in the mixer , 31, 33, however, deviating from the approach, 7.5 parts by weight of monoaluminum phosphate were used in Example 26. With these compositions, in accordance with the procedure of Example 26, composite components with excellent properties could be produced

5 Table IX

Examples 28 29 30 31 32 33

Fiber grain, type b.) B |) b ₂ ) b ₂ ) D3J D3)

~ "Fiber grain from example 1 5 11 12 18 19

Quantity (parts by weight) 50 200 40 300 20 400

Example 34

25th

The batch used in Example 27 was produced, this was pressed in a plate press with a compression by a volume factor of 5.2 to give plates with a thickness of 3 mm. The plates were dried for 5 hours at 12O ⁰ C. Pieces with stone dimensions (405 135 mm) were cut out of these plates and cemented onto one side of fireclay bricks with a fire-proof putty. In this way, the JO composite components obtained had an expansion compensation layer.

Examples 35 to 40

The amounts (in points by weight) of fiber grain (s) stated in Table X below were used indicated types, which had been produced in the examples also indicated in Table X, in entered a mixer, to 100 parts by weight of the fiber grain / or. the mixture of fiber grains 5 parts by weight of a 50% by weight monoaluminum phosphate solution and 10 parts by weight of water were added abandoned, then mixed for an additional 3 minutes. The masses obtained were also placed around an inner tube pulped from refractory material, obtaining composite structures with excellent properties became.

Table X

Examples 35 36 37 38 39 40

'' ----

Fiber grain, type bi) 100 - 50 25 25

v. Example 4 3 6 7

Fiber grain, type bj) - 100 50 50 25

v. Example 12 12 13 14

50

Fiber grain, type b ₃ ) - - - 25 50

v. Example 17 18

When building up the mixtures of fiber grains, a grain structure with a maximum grain size of 3 mm and a Proportion below 1 mm of about 30% by weight complied with.

(.11

Claims (11)

Patent claims: L Refractory or fire-resistant composite component with a tinem molded part made of any, refractory or fire-resistant material and an insulating layer with higher thermal insulation or an expansion compensation layer, which contains an inorganic fiber material and optionally further additives, thereby characterized in that the insulating layer or expansion compensation layer is firmly connected to the molded part is and is made of: a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely divided SiOa and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium oxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives and 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as P ₂ O ₅ , and optionally an additive of plasticizer, or b) optionally with the further addition of a binder from one of the following fiber grains or a mixture of such fiber grains bi) a first fiber grain produced by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely divided SlO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided Magnesia and / or finely divided titanium oxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as P ₂ Os, optionally with the addition of plasticizer with 2 to 100 Parts by weight of water, compression of this mixture obtained by a volume factor of at least 3, drying and / or heat treatment at 250 ° C. to 600 ° C. and / or firing at higher temperatures of the product obtained and subsequent comminution hlervcp. down to the desired grain size, b ₂ ) a second FaerkOrnung produced by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers with 10 to 40 parts by weight of water, adding and mixing in 5 to 20 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided A1 ₂ O3 and / or finely divided SiO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide and 0 to 10 parts by weight of solid organic binder, adding and mixing in 0.5 to 4 wt. - parts of organic binder in solution and 1 to 8 parts by weight of a phosphate binder, calculated as P ₂ O ₅ , drying the product obtained and grinding to the desired grain size, or a mixture of one of the fiber grains b,) and / or b ₂ ) with a «third fiber grain
b ₃ ) produced by mixing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers with 2 to 15 parts by weight », Clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely divided SIO ₃ and / or aluminum hydroxide | den and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium oxide and / or finest | ' divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 10 parts by weight organic binder, calculated in solid form, and 5 to 100 parts by weight of water, Compressing the mixture obtained by a volume factor of at least 3, drying the ■ «ι Product and crushing to the desired grain size, or c) from a mixture of a) and one or more of the fiber grains bi), b ₂ ) and b ₃ ). 2. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains Betonlt as a clay component in the insulating layer. u 3. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in the insulating layer as a further Refractory additive porcelain flour. Contains chamotte or hollow spherical corundum. 4. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating layer as Phosphatbtndemlttel Contains sodium polyphosphate. | 5. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating layer as a phosphate binder | so medium, contains monoaluminum phosphate. 6. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used in the insulating layer as a plasticizer or organic binder contains methyl cellulose. 7. Composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that it is molasses as the organic binder or contains sulphite liquor. • ^S5 8. composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains disrupted ceramic fibers as ceramic fibers. 9. composite structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a tubular Body with external insulating layer is. 10. Composite structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the ^{6 (1} insulating layer cavities, in particular conduction paths, or cavities for receiving lines or reinforcements are present. 11. A method for producing a composite component according to claim 1, characterized in that a) 100 parts by weight of ceramic fibers, 2 to 15 parts by weight of clay and / or finely divided Al ₂ O ₃ and / or finely divided SIO ₂ and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or finely divided magnesia and / or finely divided titanium dioxide and / or finely divided chromium oxide, optionally up to 10 parts by weight of other refractory additives, 1 to 8 parts by weight of phosphate binder, calculated as P ₂ Oj, optionally with the addition of plasticizer, with 2 to 25 parts by weight of water in one Mixer thoroughly get mixed up, b) the mixture obtained in step a) on at least one side of a molded part made of any refractory or fire-resistant material pressed on with compression by a volume factor of at least 3 will, and c) the green compact of the composite component obtained in step b) is dried and / or at temperatures of 250 Tempered up to 600 ° C and / or fired at temperatures from 600 to 1600 ° C.