EP0445199B1 - Insulating glass pane and process for obtaining it - Google Patents
Insulating glass pane and process for obtaining it Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0445199B1 EP0445199B1 EP90900167A EP90900167A EP0445199B1 EP 0445199 B1 EP0445199 B1 EP 0445199B1 EP 90900167 A EP90900167 A EP 90900167A EP 90900167 A EP90900167 A EP 90900167A EP 0445199 B1 EP0445199 B1 EP 0445199B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- insulating glass
- layer
- glass pane
- outer layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound C1CCCCN1CC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001079 Thiokol (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/677—Evacuating or filling the gap between the panes ; Equilibration of inside and outside pressure; Preventing condensation in the gap between the panes; Cleaning the gap between the panes
Definitions
- the invention is based on an insulating glass pane in which two individual glass panes are connected by a plastic spacer frame which has two adhesive layers, of which the inner layer delimits the interior of the pane, is formed from a thermosetting adhesive and contains a moisture-absorbing substance, and of which the outer layer consists of a thermoset hardened adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive, which is different from the adhesive forming the inner layer.
- an insulating glass pane is known, the individual glass panes of which are connected and sealed to one another by a spacer frame in the form of a closed, plastic composite strand.
- the composite strand is constructed in two layers.
- the inner layer which delimits the interior of the pane, consists of a polyisobutylene (a thermoplastic butyl rubber) in which a powdery substance is embedded, which can absorb and bind moisture (in particular a molecular sieve).
- On the inside Layer is an outer layer of a two-component adhesive, in particular a polysulfide (Thiokol), which hardens.
- the outer, hardened layer is primarily used to create the necessary solid mechanical bond between the individual glass panes.
- the inner layer primarily serves as a water vapor barrier, whereby the stored, moisture-absorbing (also known as desiccant) substance on the one hand water vapor from the interior of the pane and on the other hand water vapor that diffuses, absorbs and binds from the outside through the outer layer.
- such an insulating glass pane is produced by first applying a polyisobutylene strand to form the inner layer on one of the two individual glass panes, then placing the second of the two glass panes on the strand formed in this way, the two connected by the polyisobutylene strand Press the glass panes to their nominal thickness and then fill the remaining edge joint with the two-component adhesive to form the outer layer.
- DE-OS 35 39 878 discloses a nozzle with which one can inject a composite strand into the space between two initially unconnected individual glass panes, which are kept parallel and at a distance from one another, in contrast to the Biver method, which connects the two glass panes to one another and into is composed in the same way as the composite strand formed in the Biver process.
- Insulating glass panes with plastic spacer frames have so far only been used in buildings, but not in land vehicles. To the extent that insulating glass panes are currently installed in buses and railroad cars, they are flat panes which are assembled with the interposition of a metallic spacer frame. If you want to equip passenger cars with insulating glass panes, curved insulating glass panes are required, the assembly of which would be disproportionately expensive if metallic spacer frames were used for this. Attempts are therefore underway to manufacture such insulating glass panes with plastic spacer frames.
- DE-OS 35 17 581 discloses such an insulating glass pane, the two individual panes of which are elastically bonded to one another by means of uniform webs, no further details being given regarding the nature of the adhesive.
- a flexible strand made of a foam plastic in which powdery molecular sieves are embedded, as a spacer instead of a hollow molecular sieve or another moisture-binding material-containing metal rod.
- the foam plastic strand is prefabricated, coated on its flanks with an adhesive which can be activated by pressure, placed on one of the two glass sheets, the second glass sheet placed thereon and this arrangement connected to form an insulating glass pane by pressing the two glass sheets against one another.
- the edge joint remaining outside the spacer made of foam plastic is made in the usual way by filling with an adhesive sealed.
- the use of a spacer made of foam plastic has the advantage over a metallic spacer that it is more difficult to transfer heat from one glass pane to the other.
- the foam plastic is so permeable to water vapor that a special vapor barrier is required on the outside to prevent water vapor from penetrating into the interior of the insulating glass pane.
- a spacer made of foam plastic cannot be produced in situ between the two glass panes to be connected to form the insulating glass pane.
- plastic spacer frame for curved insulating glass panes, as is also used in the Biver process and consists of an inner layer made of polyisobutylene with an incorporated desiccant and an outer layer made of a polysulfide.
- an insulating glass pane with a plastic spacer which consists of a thermoset filled with a moisture-binding material.
- the sealing compound located on the outside of the spacer in the edge joint of the insulating glass pane consists of a thermosetting plastic whose water vapor permeability is lower than that of the spacer.
- the water vapor tightness of such a pane is still in need of improvement.
- the present invention has for its object to provide an insulating glass pane of the type mentioned, which can be used in land vehicles and whose plastic spacer frame is on the one hand insensitive to the high temperatures occurring in land vehicles and on the other hand in situ between two individual glass panes to be connected to form an insulating glass pane can generate.
- an insulating glass pane in which two individual glass panes are connected by a plastic spacer frame which has two adhesive layers, of which the inner layer delimits the interior of the pane, is formed from a thermoset-hardened adhesive and contains a moisture-absorbing substance and of which the outer layer consists of a thermosetting adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive, which is different from the adhesive forming the inner layer, an intermediate layer of a thermoplastic material being provided between the inner layer and the outer layer, the specific water vapor permeability of which is less than that of the glue used for the inner and outer layer.
- the procedure is advantageously such that the two initially unconnected glass panes are at a distance be positioned side by side and a composite strand is injected between the two glass panes, which adheres to both glass panes and contains the adhesive for the outer layer, the adhesive for the inner layer and the material for the intermediate layer.
- both the outer and the inner layer of the plastic spacer frame consist of a hardened adhesive; however, the adhesive used for the inner layer should not have the same composition as the adhesive used for the outer layer, but a different composition, so that it is possible to optimize the two layers according to different criteria, so that in cooperation with the Intermediate layer receives an insulating glass pane, which on the one hand has the necessary firm bond and on the other hand is sufficiently tight against the penetration of water vapor. Because both the inner.
- an adhesive with a lower specific water vapor permeability is preferably used for the outer layer than for the inner layer; it is preferably less than 1 g / m2 ⁇ day.
- the specific water vapor permeability is understood to mean the amount of water vapor in grams which can diffuse through a 1 cm thick and 1 m2 layer of the hardened adhesive within 24 hours.
- Both layers serve as a vapor barrier.
- a moisture-binding substance is also embedded in the inner layer of the spacer frame, but the particles of this substance are enveloped by the adhesive in a pore-free manner, so that the water permeability of the inner layer, in contrast to a spacer made of a foam plastic, is not caused by a Pore volume, but is determined by the nature of the adhesive used, which is not a foam.
- the outer layer should serve as a vapor barrier more strongly than the inner layer. It is therefore preferably made thicker than the inner layer.
- polysulfide-based adhesives are particularly suitable for the outer layer.
- adhesives with slightly higher vapor permeability For example, on the basis of polyurethane or silicone, the slightly higher vapor permeability has the advantage that it makes it easier for the desiccant to absorb moisture from the interior of the pane.
- the vapor permeability of a polyurethane or silicone adhesive is considerably lower than that of a foam plastic, so that the penetration of water vapor into the insulating glass pane is sufficiently impeded even without an additional vapor barrier.
- the use of a silicone adhesive for the inner layer has the advantage that silicone adhesives are particularly resistant to higher temperatures and exposure to light.
- Polyurethane adhesives have a lower light resistance, but also a lower vapor permeability than silicone adhesives.
- the insulating glass pane according to the invention differs from the insulating glass pane, the spacer frame of which has an inner layer made of a foam plastic, in that no additional adhesive is required to connect the inner layer to the glass surface; rather, the curing adhesive for the inner layer of the spacer frame can be applied directly to the glass surface.
- the invention not only has the advantage of leading to insulating glass panes which are insensitive to the elevated temperatures occurring in vehicles. Another advantage is that the inner and outer layers do not adversely affect each other, since both can be processed cold. When using a thermoplastic Glue is different; hot-to-process polyisobutylene, for example, can adversely affect cold-processed polysulfide.
- the pot life of at least one of the two curing adhesives in order to achieve an adequately firm bond between the two individual glass panes as early as possible after the plastic spacer frame has been produced in situ, so that the insulating glass pane can be handled . So it is possible to set a pot life of only 5 to 10 minutes for one of the two adhesives; In principle, the pot life of this adhesive in the direction of smaller pot lives is only limited by the fact that it must be ensured that the adhesive does not set in its extruder.
- an intermediate layer of thermoplastic material in particular of polyisobutylene, is provided between the inner layer and the outer layer, the specific water vapor permeability of which is smaller than that of the adhesive used for the inner and outer layer;
- This intermediate layer can be thinner than the inner and outer layer. It improves water vapor tightness without weakening the mechanical bond. The intermediate layer can become soft when the temperature rises sharply, but this has no harmful consequences for the insulating glass pane, because the intermediate layer is and remains enclosed between two hardened layers.
- This intermediate layer is preferably designed such that it is thicker at its two edges, which adhere to the individual glass panes, than in the middle between the two glass panes. In this way, water vapor penetration along the glass surface is counteracted in particular.
- Such a three-layer strand can be formed as a composite strand by a nozzle which is constructed similarly to the nozzle disclosed in DE-OS 35 39 878, but instead of two feed channels has three feed channels which are brought together in the nozzle mouth.
- An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the accompanying drawing. It shows a cross section through part of an insulating glass pane with a three-layer plastic spacer frame.
- a curved insulating glass pane for motor vehicles which consists of two individual glass panes 1 and 2 is formed, which are arranged parallel to each other and connected at the edge by a plastic spacer frame 3, which is formed from a composite strand.
- the composite strand 3 consists of an inner layer 4 made of a polysulfide, in which a powdered desiccant, for example molecular sieves, is embedded, and an outer layer 5, which is thicker than the inner layer 4 and consists of a polysulfide with lower water vapor permeability.
- Suitable water vapor permeabilities are e.g. 1.2 g / m2 ⁇ day for the polysulfide of the inner layer 4 and 0.6 g / m2 ⁇ day for the polysulfide of the outer layer 5.
- an intermediate layer 6 made of thermoplastic material, in particular of a polyisobutylene with a water vapor permeability of not more than 0.05 g / m 2 ⁇ day, which has a biconcave interface shape, so that the Thickness of the intermediate layer on the surface of the glass panes 1 and 2 is greatest.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Isolierglasscheibe in welcher zwei einzelne Glasscheiben durch einen plastischen Abstandhalterrahmen verbunden sind, welcher zwei Kleberschichten aufweist, von denen die innere Schicht den Scheibeninnenraum begrenzt, aus einem duroplastisch ausgehärteten Kleber gebildet ist und eine Feuchtigkeit aufnehmende Substanz enthält und von denen die äußere Schicht aus einem duroplastisch ausgehärteten Kleber, insbesondere aus einem Zweikomponentenkleber, besteht, welcher von dem die innere Schicht bildenden Kleber verschieden ist.The invention is based on an insulating glass pane in which two individual glass panes are connected by a plastic spacer frame which has two adhesive layers, of which the inner layer delimits the interior of the pane, is formed from a thermosetting adhesive and contains a moisture-absorbing substance, and of which the outer layer consists of a thermoset hardened adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive, which is different from the adhesive forming the inner layer.
Aus dem Prospekt der Lenhardt Maschinenbau GmbH "Vertikale Isolierglas-Fertigungsanlage, System Biver" sowie aus der FR-A-2 570 366 ist eine Isolierglasscheibe bekannt, deren einzelne Glasscheiben durch einen Abstandhalterrahmen in Gestalt eines geschlossenen, plastischen Verbundstranges miteinander verbunden und abgedichtet sind. Der Verbundstrang ist zweischichtig aufgebaut. Die innere Schicht, welche den Scheibeninnenraum begrenzt, besteht aus einem Polyisobutylen (ein thermoplastischer Butylkautschuk) in welchen eine pulverförmige Substanz eingelagert ist, welche Feuchtigkeit aufnehmen und binden kann (insbesondere ein Molekularsieb). Auf der inneren Schicht liegt eine äußere Schicht aus einem Zweikomponenten-Kleber, insbesondere aus einem Polysulfid (Thiokol), welches aushärtet. Die äußere, ausgehärtete Schicht dient in erster Linie dazu, den nötigen festen mechanischen Verbund zwischen den einzelnen Glasscheiben herzustellen. Die innere Schicht dient in erster Linie als Wasserdampfsperre, wobei die eingelagerte, Feuchtigkeit aufnehmende (auch als Trockenmittel bezeichnete) Substanz einerseits Wasserdampf aus dem Scheibeninnenraum und andererseits Wasserdampf, welcher von aussen her durch die äussere Schicht hindurch einwärts diffundiert, aufnimmt und bindet.From the brochure of Lenhardt Maschinenbau GmbH "Vertical Insulating Glass Production System, System Biver" and from FR-A-2 570 366 an insulating glass pane is known, the individual glass panes of which are connected and sealed to one another by a spacer frame in the form of a closed, plastic composite strand. The composite strand is constructed in two layers. The inner layer, which delimits the interior of the pane, consists of a polyisobutylene (a thermoplastic butyl rubber) in which a powdery substance is embedded, which can absorb and bind moisture (in particular a molecular sieve). On the inside Layer is an outer layer of a two-component adhesive, in particular a polysulfide (Thiokol), which hardens. The outer, hardened layer is primarily used to create the necessary solid mechanical bond between the individual glass panes. The inner layer primarily serves as a water vapor barrier, whereby the stored, moisture-absorbing (also known as desiccant) substance on the one hand water vapor from the interior of the pane and on the other hand water vapor that diffuses, absorbs and binds from the outside through the outer layer.
Nach dem sogenannten Biver-Verfahren wird eine solche Isolierglasscheibe dadurch hergestellt, dass man zunächst zur Bildung der inneren Schicht auf eine der beiden einzelnen Glasscheiben einen Polyisobutylenstrang aufträgt, dann die zweite der beiden Glasscheiben auf den so gebildeten Strang auflegt, die beiden durch den Polyisobutylenstrang verbundenen Glasscheiben auf ihre Solldicke verpreßt und anschließend die verbleibende Randfuge zur Bildung der äusseren Schicht mit dem Zweikomponentenkleber füllt.According to the so-called Biver process, such an insulating glass pane is produced by first applying a polyisobutylene strand to form the inner layer on one of the two individual glass panes, then placing the second of the two glass panes on the strand formed in this way, the two connected by the polyisobutylene strand Press the glass panes to their nominal thickness and then fill the remaining edge joint with the two-component adhesive to form the outer layer.
Die DE-OS 35 39 878 offenbart eine Düse, mit welcher man in den Zwischenraum zwischen zwei zunächst unverbundene, parallel zueinander auf Abstand gehaltene Einzelglasscheiben anders als beim Biver-Verfahren in einem Arbeitsgang einen Verbundstrang einspritzen kann, welcher die beiden Glasscheiben miteinander verbindet und in gleicher Weise zusammengesetzt ist wie der beim Biver-Verfahren gebildete Verbundstrang.DE-OS 35 39 878 discloses a nozzle with which one can inject a composite strand into the space between two initially unconnected individual glass panes, which are kept parallel and at a distance from one another, in contrast to the Biver method, which connects the two glass panes to one another and into is composed in the same way as the composite strand formed in the Biver process.
Isolierglasscheiben mit plastischem Abstandhalterrahmen sind bisher nur in Gebäuden in praktischem Einsatz, nicht jedoch in Landfahrzeugen. Soweit gegenwärtig in Autobusse und Eisenbahnwaggons Isolierglasscheiben eingebaut werden, handelt es sich um ebene Scheiben, die unter Zwischenfügen eines metallischen Abstandhalterrahmens zusammengebaut sind. Will man Personenkraftwagen mit Isolierglasscheiben ausrüsten, benötigt man jedoch gekrümmte Isolierglasscheiben, deren Zusammenbau unverhältnismässig aufwendig wäre, wenn man dazu metallische Abstandhalterrahmen verwenden würde. Es sind deshalb Versuche im Gange, solche Isolierglasscheiben mit plastischen Abstandhalterrahmen herzustellen. Die DE-OS 35 17 581 offenbart eine solche Isolierglasscheibe, deren beiden Einzelscheiben durch einheitliche Stege elastisch miteinander verklebt sind, wobei über die Natur des Klebers keine näheren begaben gemacht sind.Insulating glass panes with plastic spacer frames have so far only been used in buildings, but not in land vehicles. To the extent that insulating glass panes are currently installed in buses and railroad cars, they are flat panes which are assembled with the interposition of a metallic spacer frame. If you want to equip passenger cars with insulating glass panes, curved insulating glass panes are required, the assembly of which would be disproportionately expensive if metallic spacer frames were used for this. Attempts are therefore underway to manufacture such insulating glass panes with plastic spacer frames. DE-OS 35 17 581 discloses such an insulating glass pane, the two individual panes of which are elastically bonded to one another by means of uniform webs, no further details being given regarding the nature of the adhesive.
Es ist ferner bekannt, anstelle eines hohlen Molekularsiebes oder ein anderes Feuchtigkeit bindendes, Material enthaltenden Metallstabes als Abstandhalter einen flexiblen Strang aus einem Schaumkunststoff zu verwenden, in welchen pulverige Molekularsiebe eingelagert sind. Der Schaumkunststoffstrang wird vorgefertigt, an seinen Flanken mit einem durch Druck aktivierbaren Kleber beschichtet, auf eine der beiden Glastafeln gelegt, die zweite Glastafel darauf gelegt und diese Anordnung zu einer Isolierglasscheibe verbunden, indem man die beiden Glasscheiben gegeneinander preßt. Die ausserhalb des Abstandhalters aus Schaumkunststoff verbleibende Randfuge wird in üblicher Weise durch Ausfüllen mit einem Kleber versiegelt. Die Verwendung eines Abstandhalters aus Schaumkunststoff hat gegenüber einem metallischen Abstandhalter den Vorteil, den Wärmeübergang von einer Glasscheibe auf die andere zu erschweren. Nachteilig ist aber, dass der Schaumkunststoff für Wasserdampf so stark durchlässig ist, dass man auf der Aussenseite eine besondere Dampfsperre benötigt, um das Eindringen von Wasserdampf in den Innenraum der Isolierglasscheibe zu verhindern. Ausserdem kann ein aus Schaumkunststoff bestehender Abstandhalter nicht in situ zwischen den beiden zur Isolierglasschibe zu verbindenden Glasscheiben erzeugt werden.It is also known to use a flexible strand made of a foam plastic, in which powdery molecular sieves are embedded, as a spacer instead of a hollow molecular sieve or another moisture-binding material-containing metal rod. The foam plastic strand is prefabricated, coated on its flanks with an adhesive which can be activated by pressure, placed on one of the two glass sheets, the second glass sheet placed thereon and this arrangement connected to form an insulating glass pane by pressing the two glass sheets against one another. The edge joint remaining outside the spacer made of foam plastic is made in the usual way by filling with an adhesive sealed. The use of a spacer made of foam plastic has the advantage over a metallic spacer that it is more difficult to transfer heat from one glass pane to the other. The disadvantage, however, is that the foam plastic is so permeable to water vapor that a special vapor barrier is required on the outside to prevent water vapor from penetrating into the interior of the insulating glass pane. In addition, a spacer made of foam plastic cannot be produced in situ between the two glass panes to be connected to form the insulating glass pane.
Es liegt nahe, für gekrümmte Isolierglasscheiben einen plastischen Abstandhalterrahmen zu verwenden, wie er auch beim Biver-Verfahren verwendet wird und aus einer inneren Schicht aus Polyisobutylen mit eingelagertem Trockenmittel und aus einer äusseren Schicht aus einem Polysulfid besteht.It is obvious to use a plastic spacer frame for curved insulating glass panes, as is also used in the Biver process and consists of an inner layer made of polyisobutylene with an incorporated desiccant and an outer layer made of a polysulfide.
Läßt man Fahrzeuge mit geschlossenen Fenstern und Türen in der Sonne stehen, kommt es durch die Sonneneinstrahlung im Innern des Fahrzeugs zu einem Anstieg der Temperatur, die in extremen Fällen 100°C überschreiten kann. Da sich der Temperaturanstieg auch auf den plastischen Abstandhalterrahmen von Isolierglasscheiben des Fahrzeugs auswirken würde, ist zu befürchten, dass die für Isolierglasscheiben bisher bekannten zweischichtigen plastischen Abstandhalterrahmen in Fahrzeugen Schaden nehmen werden, denn das üblicherweise verwendete Polyisobutylen hat eine zwischen 65° C und 115° C liegende Verarbeitungstemperatur, bei welcher es so weich ist, dass es pumpbar und spritzbar ist. Dasselbe trifft zu bei plastischen Abstandhalterrahmen, bei denen das Polyisobutylen die äußere Oberfläche bildet.If you leave vehicles with closed windows and doors in the sun, the temperature of the sun inside the vehicle increases, which in extreme cases can exceed 100 ° C. Since the rise in temperature would also affect the plastic spacer frame of insulating glass panes of the vehicle, it is to be feared that the two-layer plastic spacer frames known to date for insulating glass panes will be damaged in vehicles, since the polyisobutylene which is usually used has a processing temperature between 65 ° C and 115 ° C, at which it is so soft that it is pumpable and sprayable. The same applies to plastic spacer frames in which the polyisobutylene forms the outer surface.
Aus der EP-A-0 283 971 ist bereits eine Isolierglasscheibe mit einem plastischen Abstandhalter bekannt, der aus einem Duroplast besteht, der mit einem Feuchtigkeit bindenden Material gefüllt ist. Die auf der Aussenseite des Abstandhalters in der Randfuge der Isolierglasscheibe befindliche Versiegelungsmasse besteht aus einem Duroplast, dessen Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit geringer ist als die des Abstandhalters. Die Wasserdampfdichtigkeit einer solchen Scheibe ist jedoch noch verbesserungswürdig.From EP-A-0 283 971 an insulating glass pane with a plastic spacer is already known, which consists of a thermoset filled with a moisture-binding material. The sealing compound located on the outside of the spacer in the edge joint of the insulating glass pane consists of a thermosetting plastic whose water vapor permeability is lower than that of the spacer. However, the water vapor tightness of such a pane is still in need of improvement.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Isolierglasscheibe der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welche in Landfahrzeugen verwendbar ist und deren plastischer Abstandhalterrahmen einerseits unempfindlich gegen die in Landfahrzeugen auftretenden hohen Temperaturen ist und sich andererseits in situ zwischen zwei zu einer Isolierglasscheibe zu verbindenden einzelnen Glasscheiben erzeugen läßt.The present invention has for its object to provide an insulating glass pane of the type mentioned, which can be used in land vehicles and whose plastic spacer frame is on the one hand insensitive to the high temperatures occurring in land vehicles and on the other hand in situ between two individual glass panes to be connected to form an insulating glass pane can generate.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Isolierglasscheibe, in welcher zwei einzelne Glasscheiben durch einen plastischen Abstandhalterrahmen verbunden sind, welcher zwei Kleberschichten aufweist, von denen die innere Schicht den Scheibeninnenraum begrenzt, aus einem duroplastisch ausgehärteten Kleber gebildet ist und eine Feuchtigkeit aufnehmende Substanz enthält und von denen die äußere Schicht aus einem duroplastisch ausgehärteten Kleber, insbesondere aus einem Zweikomponentenkleber besteht, welcher von dem die innere Schicht bildenden Kleber verschieden ist, wobei zwischen der inneren Schicht und der äußeren Schicht eine Zwischenschicht aus einem thermoplastischen Material vorgesehen ist, dessen spezifische Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit kleiner ist als die der für die innere und äußere Schicht verwendeten Kleber. Zur Herstellung einer solchen Isolierglasscheibe geht man vorteilhafterweise so vor, dass die beiden zunächst unverbundenen Glasscheiben mit Abstand nebeneinander positioniert werden und zwischen die beiden Glasscheiben ein Verbundstrang gespritzt wird, welcher an beiden Glasscheiben haftet und den Kleber für die äußere Schicht, den Kleber für die innere Schicht und das Material für die Zwischenschicht enthält. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by an insulating glass pane in which two individual glass panes are connected by a plastic spacer frame which has two adhesive layers, of which the inner layer delimits the interior of the pane, is formed from a thermoset-hardened adhesive and contains a moisture-absorbing substance and of which the outer layer consists of a thermosetting adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive, which is different from the adhesive forming the inner layer, an intermediate layer of a thermoplastic material being provided between the inner layer and the outer layer, the specific water vapor permeability of which is less than that of the glue used for the inner and outer layer. To produce such an insulating glass pane, the procedure is advantageously such that the two initially unconnected glass panes are at a distance be positioned side by side and a composite strand is injected between the two glass panes, which adheres to both glass panes and contains the adhesive for the outer layer, the adhesive for the inner layer and the material for the intermediate layer. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Isolierglasscheibe bestehen sowohl die äußere als auch die innere Schicht des plastischen Abstandhalterrahmens aus einem ausgehärteten Kleber; jedoch soll der für die innere Schicht verwendete Kleber nicht dieselbe Zusammensetzung haben wie der für die äußere Schicht verwendete Kleber, sondern eine davon verschiedene Zusammensetzung, so dass es möglich ist, die beiden Schichten nach unterschiedlichen Kriterien zu optimieren, so dass man im Zusammenwirken mit der Zwischenschicht eine Isolierglasscheibe erhält, die einerseits den nötigen festen Verbund aufweist und andererseits hinreichend dicht gegenüber dem Eindringen von Wasserdampf ist. Da sowohl die innere . als auch die äußere Schicht des Abstandhalterrahmens aus einem ausgehärteten Kleber bestehen, dessen Scherfestigkeit größer ist als die von thermoplastischem Polyisobutylen, ist eine Optimierung der Kleber hinsichtlich ihrer Scherfestigkeit jedoch weniger bedeutsam, da ein hinreichend fester Verbund durch das Vorsehen einer zweiten ausgehärteten Kleberschicht ohnehin leichter erzielt wird, so dass eine Optimierung der Kleber hinsichtlich geringer Dampfdiffusion erleichtert wird. In der erfindungsgemäßen Isolierglasscheibe verwendet man für die äussere Schicht vorzugsweise einen Kleber mit einer geringeren spezifischen Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit als für die innere Schicht; sie ist vorzugsweise kleiner als 1 g/m²·Tag. Unter der spezifischen Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit wird im Rahmen dieser Patentanmeldung in Übereinstimmung mit der DIN 53122 die Wasserdampfmenge in Gramm verstanden, die innerhalb von 24 Stunden durch eine 1 cm dicke und 1 m² große Schicht des ausgehärteten Klebers hindurchdiffundieren kann.In the insulating glass pane according to the invention, both the outer and the inner layer of the plastic spacer frame consist of a hardened adhesive; however, the adhesive used for the inner layer should not have the same composition as the adhesive used for the outer layer, but a different composition, so that it is possible to optimize the two layers according to different criteria, so that in cooperation with the Intermediate layer receives an insulating glass pane, which on the one hand has the necessary firm bond and on the other hand is sufficiently tight against the penetration of water vapor. Because both the inner. As well as the outer layer of the spacer frame consist of a hardened adhesive, the shear strength of which is greater than that of thermoplastic polyisobutylene, an optimization of the adhesives with regard to their shear strength is, however, less important, since a sufficiently strong bond is achieved more easily by the provision of a second hardened adhesive layer is, so an optimization of the glue with regard to low vapor diffusion is facilitated. In the insulating glass pane according to the invention, an adhesive with a lower specific water vapor permeability is preferably used for the outer layer than for the inner layer; it is preferably less than 1 g / m² · day. In the context of this patent application, in accordance with DIN 53122, the specific water vapor permeability is understood to mean the amount of water vapor in grams which can diffuse through a 1 cm thick and 1 m² layer of the hardened adhesive within 24 hours.
Beide Schichten dienen als Dampfsperre. Darin unterscheidet sich die erfindungsgemäße Isolierglasscheibe von der Isolierglasscheibe, bei welcher die innere Schicht des Abstandhalterrahmens aus einem Schaumkunststoff besteht. Zwar ist auch bei der erfindungsgemäßen Isolierglasscheibe in die innere Schicht des Abstandhalterrahmens eine Feuchtigkeit bindende Substanz eingelagert, aber die Partikel dieser Substanz sind von dem Kleber i.w. porenfrei umhüllt, so dass die Wasserdurchlässigkeit der inneren Schicht im Gegensatz zu einem Abstandhalter aus einem Schaumkunststoff nicht durch ein Porenvolumen, sondern durch die Natur des verwendeten Klebers bestimmt wird, bei welchem es sich nicht um einen Schaumstoff handelt. Stärker als die innere Schicht soll die äussere Schicht als Dampfsperre dienen. Sie wird deshalb vorzugsweise dicker ausgebildet als die innere Schicht. Wegen ihrer niedrigen Dampfdurchlässigkeit eignen sich für die äussere Schicht besonders Kleber auf Polysulfidbasis. Für die innere Schicht können auch Kleber mit etwas höherer Dampfdurchlässigkeit, z.B. auf der Basis von Polyurethan oder Silikon verwendet werden, wobei die etwas höhere Dampfdurchlässigkeit dort den Vorteil hat, dass sie dem Trockenmittel die Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit aus dem Scheibeninnenraum erleichtert. Die Dampfdurchlässigkeit eines Polyurethan- oder Silikonklebers ist aber erheblich kleiner als die eines Schaumkunststoffs, so dass auch ohne eine zusätzliche Dampfsperre das Eindringen von Wasserdampf in die Isolierglasscheibe hinreichend behindert wird. Die Verwendung eines Silikonklebers für die innere Schicht hat den Vorteil, dass Silikonkleber besonders beständig gegen höhere Temperatur und Lichteinwirkung sind. Polyurethankleber haben eine geringere Lichtbeständigkeit, aber auch eine geringere Dampfdurchlässigkeit als Silikonkleber. Ausserdem unterscheidet sich die erfindungsgemäße Isolierglasscheibe von der Isolierglasscheibe, deren Abstandhalterrahmen eine innere Schicht aus einem Schaumkunststoff hat, darin, dass kein zusätzlicher Kleber nötig ist, um die innere Schicht mit der Glasoberfläche zu verbinden; vielmehr kann der aushärtende Kleber für die innere Schicht des Abstandhalterrahmens unmittelbar auf die Glasoberfläche aufgetragen werden.Both layers serve as a vapor barrier. This distinguishes the insulating glass pane according to the invention from the insulating glass pane, in which the inner layer of the spacer frame consists of a foam plastic. In the insulating glass pane according to the invention, a moisture-binding substance is also embedded in the inner layer of the spacer frame, but the particles of this substance are enveloped by the adhesive in a pore-free manner, so that the water permeability of the inner layer, in contrast to a spacer made of a foam plastic, is not caused by a Pore volume, but is determined by the nature of the adhesive used, which is not a foam. The outer layer should serve as a vapor barrier more strongly than the inner layer. It is therefore preferably made thicker than the inner layer. Because of their low vapor permeability, polysulfide-based adhesives are particularly suitable for the outer layer. For the inner layer, adhesives with slightly higher vapor permeability, For example, on the basis of polyurethane or silicone, the slightly higher vapor permeability has the advantage that it makes it easier for the desiccant to absorb moisture from the interior of the pane. However, the vapor permeability of a polyurethane or silicone adhesive is considerably lower than that of a foam plastic, so that the penetration of water vapor into the insulating glass pane is sufficiently impeded even without an additional vapor barrier. The use of a silicone adhesive for the inner layer has the advantage that silicone adhesives are particularly resistant to higher temperatures and exposure to light. Polyurethane adhesives have a lower light resistance, but also a lower vapor permeability than silicone adhesives. In addition, the insulating glass pane according to the invention differs from the insulating glass pane, the spacer frame of which has an inner layer made of a foam plastic, in that no additional adhesive is required to connect the inner layer to the glass surface; rather, the curing adhesive for the inner layer of the spacer frame can be applied directly to the glass surface.
Die Erfindung hat nicht nur den Vorteil, zu Isolierglasscheiben zu führen, die gegen die in Fahrzeugen auftretenden erhöhten Temperaturen unempfindlich sind. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, dass die innere und die äussere Schicht sich gegenseitig nicht nachteilig beeinflussen, da beide kalt verarbeitet werden können. Bei Verwendung eines thermoplastischen Klebers ist das anders; heiß zu verarbeitendes Polyisobutylen z.B. kann gleichzeitig kalt verarbeitetes Polysulfid nachteilig beeinflussen.The invention not only has the advantage of leading to insulating glass panes which are insensitive to the elevated temperatures occurring in vehicles. Another advantage is that the inner and outer layers do not adversely affect each other, since both can be processed cold. When using a thermoplastic Glue is different; hot-to-process polyisobutylene, for example, can adversely affect cold-processed polysulfide.
Ausserdem hat man erfindungsgemäß die Möglichkeit, die Topfzeit wenigstens eines der beiden aushärtenden Kleber gezielt zu beeinflussen, um möglichst frühzeitig nach dem in-situ-Erzeugen des plastischen Abstandhalterrahmens zwischen den beiden einzelnen Glasscheiben einen hinreichend festen Verbund zu erreichen, so dass die Isolierglasscheibe handhabbar ist. So ist es möglich, für einen der beiden Kleber eine Topfzeit von nur 5 bis 10 Minuten einzustellen; grundsätzlich ist die Topfzeit dieses Klebers in Richtung auf kleinere Topfzeiten nur dadurch beschränkt, dass sichergestellt werden muss, dass der Kleber nicht schon in seinem Extruder abbindet.In addition, according to the invention, there is the possibility of specifically influencing the pot life of at least one of the two curing adhesives in order to achieve an adequately firm bond between the two individual glass panes as early as possible after the plastic spacer frame has been produced in situ, so that the insulating glass pane can be handled . So it is possible to set a pot life of only 5 to 10 minutes for one of the two adhesives; In principle, the pot life of this adhesive in the direction of smaller pot lives is only limited by the fact that it must be ensured that the adhesive does not set in its extruder.
Zur Verbesserung der Wasserdampfdichtigkeit ist zwischen der inneren Schicht und der äußeren Schicht eine Zwischenschicht aus thermoplastischem Material, insbesondere aus Polyisobutylen vorgesehen, dessen spezifische Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit kleiner ist als die der für die innere und äussere Schicht verwendeten Kleber; zweckmässigerweise verwendet man für die Zwischenschicht ein Material mit einer Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit, die kleiner als 0,1 g/m² Tag, vorzugsweise kleiner als 0,05 g/m². Tag ist. Diese Zwischenschicht kann dünner sein als die innere und äussere Schicht. Sie verbessert die Wasserdampfdichtigkeit, ohne den mechanischen Verbund zu schwächen. Zwar kann die Zwischenschicht bei einem starken Temperaturanstieg weich werden, doch hat das keine schädlichen Folgen für die Isolierglasscheibe, weil die Zwischenschicht zwischen zwei ausgehärteten Schichten eingeschlossen ist und bleibt. Vorzugsweise ist diese Zwischenschicht so ausgebildet, dass sie an ihren beiden Rändern, die an den einzelnen Glasscheiben haften, dicker ist als in der Mitte zwischen den beiden Glasscheiben. Auf diese Weise wird insbesondere einer Wasserdampfpenetration längs der Glasoberfläche entgegengewirkt.To improve the water vapor tightness, an intermediate layer of thermoplastic material, in particular of polyisobutylene, is provided between the inner layer and the outer layer, the specific water vapor permeability of which is smaller than that of the adhesive used for the inner and outer layer; A material with a water vapor permeability which is less than 0.1 g /
Ein solcher dreischichtiger Strang läßt sich als Verbundstrang durch eine Düse bilden, die ähnlich ausgebildet ist wie die in der DE-OS 35 39 878 offenbarte Düse, jedoch anstelle von zwei Zuführkanälen drei Zuführkanäle hat, welche in der Düsenmündung zusammengeführt sind.Such a three-layer strand can be formed as a composite strand by a nozzle which is constructed similarly to the nozzle disclosed in DE-OS 35 39 878, but instead of two feed channels has three feed channels which are brought together in the nozzle mouth.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der beigefügten Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt. Sie zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Teil einer Isolierglasscheibe mit einem dreischichtigen plastischen Abstandhalterrahmen.An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the accompanying drawing. It shows a cross section through part of an insulating glass pane with a three-layer plastic spacer frame.
In dem Beispiel handelt es sich um eine gekrümme Isolierglasscheibe für Kraftfahrzeuge, welche aus zwei einzelnen Glasscheiben 1 und 2 gebildet ist, die parallel zueinander angeordnet und am Rand durch einen plastischen Abstandhalterrahmen 3 verbunden sind, der aus einem Verbundstrang gebildet ist.In the example, it is a curved insulating glass pane for motor vehicles, which consists of two
Der Verbundstrang 3 besteht aus einer inneren Schicht 4 aus einem Polysulfid, in welches ein pulverförmiges Trockenmittel, beispielsweise Molekularsiebe, eingelagert ist, und aus einer äußeren Schicht 5, welche dicker ist als die innere Schicht 4 und aus einem Polysulfid mit geringerer Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit besteht. Geeignete Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeiten sind z.B. 1,2 g/m²·Tag für das Polysulfid der inneren Schicht 4 und 0,6 g/m²·Tag für das Polysulfid der äußeren Schicht 5.The
Zwischen der äußeren Schicht 5 und der inneren Schicht 4 ist noch eine Zwischenschicht 6 aus thermoplastischem Material, insbesondere aus einem Polyisobutylen mit einer Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit von nicht mehr als 0,05 g/m²·Tag, vorgesehen, welche eine bikonkave Grenzflächengestalt hat, so dass die Dicke der Zwischenschicht auf der Oberfläche der Glasscheiben 1 und 2 am größten ist.Between the
Zur Herstellung einer solchen Isolierglasscheibe können Vorrichtungen Verwendung finden, welche in der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 38 30 866.5, in dem deutschen Patent 35 39 878 und in dem europäischen Patent 0 213 513 offenbart sind. Mit solchen Vorrichtungen können dreischichtige Verbundstränge zwischen zwei zunächst unverbundene Glasscheiben gespritzt werden, wodurch sie miteinander verklebt und durch die Aushärtung der Klebstoffe miteinander dauerhaft verbunden werden.Devices which are disclosed in German patent application P 38 30 866.5, in German patent 35 39 878 and in European patent 0 213 513 can be used to produce such an insulating glass pane. With such devices, three-layer composite strands can be injected between two initially unconnected glass panes, as a result of which they are glued to one another and are permanently bonded to one another by the curing of the adhesives.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT90900167T ATE77438T1 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1989-12-20 | INSULATING GLASS PANE AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3843400A DE3843400A1 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | INSULATED GLASS PANEL |
| DE3843400 | 1988-12-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0445199A1 EP0445199A1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
| EP0445199B1 true EP0445199B1 (en) | 1992-06-17 |
Family
ID=6369951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90900167A Expired - Lifetime EP0445199B1 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1989-12-20 | Insulating glass pane and process for obtaining it |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0445199B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04504447A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2006522A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3843400A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990007624A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3935994A1 (en) * | 1989-10-28 | 1991-05-02 | Ppg Glastechnik Gmbh | METHOD FOR CONNECTING TWO GLASS PANELS TO AN INSULATING GLASS DISC AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
| DE602007004616D1 (en) | 2006-07-03 | 2010-03-18 | Dow Corning | CHEMICAL CURING OF ALL-IN-ONE WARM-EDGE DISTANCE HOLDER AND SEAL |
| DE102009035002A1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Bystronic Lenhardt Gmbh | Method for producing an insulating glass pane |
| JP7343344B2 (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2023-09-12 | 愛知時計電機株式会社 | pressure sensor |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU65310A1 (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1973-11-22 | ||
| FR2570366B1 (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1991-10-04 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR EXTRUDING A PLASTIC MATERIAL OF THE BUTYL RUBBER TYPE AND APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF MULTIPLE WINDOWS |
| US4807419A (en) * | 1987-03-25 | 1989-02-28 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Multiple pane unit having a flexible spacing and sealing assembly |
-
1988
- 1988-12-23 DE DE3843400A patent/DE3843400A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-12-20 WO PCT/EP1989/001573 patent/WO1990007624A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-12-20 JP JP2501030A patent/JPH04504447A/en active Pending
- 1989-12-20 EP EP90900167A patent/EP0445199B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-12-20 DE DE9090900167T patent/DE58901719D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-22 CA CA002006522A patent/CA2006522A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1990007624A1 (en) | 1990-07-12 |
| JPH04504447A (en) | 1992-08-06 |
| DE3843400A1 (en) | 1990-06-28 |
| EP0445199A1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
| DE58901719D1 (en) | 1992-07-23 |
| CA2006522A1 (en) | 1990-06-23 |
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