EP0127739B1 - Spacing element and method of producing the same - Google Patents
Spacing element and method of producing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0127739B1 EP0127739B1 EP84103116A EP84103116A EP0127739B1 EP 0127739 B1 EP0127739 B1 EP 0127739B1 EP 84103116 A EP84103116 A EP 84103116A EP 84103116 A EP84103116 A EP 84103116A EP 0127739 B1 EP0127739 B1 EP 0127739B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spacer
- sealing
- metal foil
- sealing lips
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B3/66314—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of tubular shape
- E06B3/66319—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of tubular shape of rubber, plastics or similar materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B3/66342—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit characterised by their sealed connection to the panes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
- E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
- E06B2003/6638—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit with coatings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a spacer for insulating glass, panels or the like., With a body made of plastic, and a method for producing the spacer.
- Spacers of this type are used to tightly connect the panes of an insulating glass to one another at the edge. They can also be used to keep the outer and inner walls of a panel at a distance and together at the same time.
- a spacer for insulating glass panes which is made of metal or plastic and is provided on its outer surfaces with corrugations, between which the adhesive or sealing material applied during the assembly of the insulating glazing, which is applied by means of compressed air will penetrate.
- the invention has for its object to produce a spacer with sufficient heat resistance and water vapor tightness inexpensively.
- sealing lips made of an elastomer and a sealing or sealing material in the form of beads, for example from a butyl, are firmly attached to each side surface of the body via coextrusion, the spacer being produced by the sealing lips and the Sealant to be coextruded with the body.
- the co-extrusion takes the cohesion between the body and the elastic sealing lips or the body and the sealing or sealing material to the greatest possible value.
- the body of the spacer can be box-shaped and consist of a polypropylene filled with glass fiber or mineral powder.
- a vapor diffusion-inhibiting layer which can be made of plastic and in particular of PVDC.
- the vapor diffusion-inhibiting layer can also consist of a metal foil, which can be aluminum or stainless steel.
- the vapor diffusion-inhibiting layer made of plastic can be applied by dipping and the metal foil can be applied by line application when the body is extruded.
- the spacer 10 is designed in cross section in the form of a hollow box 12.
- Sealing lips 18, 20 made of an elastomer are provided on side surfaces 14, 16, on which the panes of insulating glazing or the walls of a panel abut in the installed state. These sealing lips are coextruded with the box 12.
- the sealing lips 18 and 20 are preferably arranged in the upper region of the side surfaces 14 and 16. In the example shown, four sealing lips are formed; however, the number of sealing lips can also be larger or smaller.
- sealing beads 22, 24 are arranged on the outside of the box of the spacer, which consist for example of a butyl and are coextruded with the box 12 and the sealing lips 18 and 20. This results in a firm bond between the sealing beads and the box profile.
- These sealing beads made of a suitable sealing compound ensure the adhesion and sealing of the arranged panes or walls.
- the sealing beads must be permanently elastic or plastic in order to withstand sufficient thermal expansion. It is known to arrange silicone as a sealant between spacers and glass panes. However, this has an insufficient water vapor diffusion resistance, so that water can condense between the panes, as a result of which the insulating effect and the transparency of the glazing are impaired.
- the box-like profile 12 is preferably made of a polypropylene filled with glass fiber or mineral powder in order to obtain sufficient pressure resistance.
- the profile 12 is provided with a vapor diffusion-inhibiting layer 26.
- This vapor diffusion-inhibiting layer which ensures sufficient water vapor tightness of the spacer, can consist of a plastic and preferably of PVDC, but it can also be made of a metal foil, for example made of aluminum or stainless steel, which is glued on. This metal foil is preferably applied in line when the spacer is extruded. If the spacer is coated with PVDC, this can preferably be done by immersing the body 12 in this plastic.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Abstandshalter für Isolierglas, Paneele oder dgl., mit einem Körper aus Kunststoff, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Abstandshalters.The invention relates to a spacer for insulating glass, panels or the like., With a body made of plastic, and a method for producing the spacer.
Derartige Abstandshalter werden verwendet, um die Scheiben eines Isolierglases am Rand dicht miteinander zu verbinden. Ebenfalls können sie verwendet werden, um die Außen- und Innenwandung eines Paneels gleichzeitig auf Abstand und zusammenzuhalten.Spacers of this type are used to tightly connect the panes of an insulating glass to one another at the edge. They can also be used to keep the outer and inner walls of a panel at a distance and together at the same time.
Aus dem DE-U-72 24 630 ist ein Abstandshalter für Isolierglasscheiben bekannt, der aus Metall oder Kunststoff besteht und der an seinen Außenflächen mit Riffelungen versehen ist, zwischen die bei dem Zusammenbau der Isolierverglasung das Klebe- bzw. Dichtungsmaterial, das mittels Preßluft aufgetragen wird, eindringt.From DE-U-72 24 630 a spacer for insulating glass panes is known, which is made of metal or plastic and is provided on its outer surfaces with corrugations, between which the adhesive or sealing material applied during the assembly of the insulating glazing, which is applied by means of compressed air will penetrate.
Aus der DE-A-3011 893 ist ein Abstandsprofil für Doppelfenster bekannt, das mit Abschlußdichtungen versehen ist, wobei an einem rohrförmigen, an der Außenseite mit Rillungen versehenen Element ein Abdichtungsmaterial durch Strangpressen aufgebracht ist.From DE-A-3011 893 a spacing profile for double windows is known, which is provided with end seals, a sealing material being applied by extrusion to a tubular element provided with grooves on the outside.
Bei beiden bekannten Abstandshaltern bleibt die Wasserdampfdichtigkeit problematisch und die Herstellung ist aufwendig.In both known spacers, the water vapor tightness remains problematic and the production is complex.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Abstandshalter mit ausreichender Wärmeformbeständigkeit und Wasserdampfdichtigkeit kostengünstig herzustellen.The invention has for its object to produce a spacer with sufficient heat resistance and water vapor tightness inexpensively.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß an jeder Seitenfläche des Körpers Dichtlippen aus einem Elastomeren und ein Dicht- oder Versiegelungsmaterial in Form von Raupen beispielsweise aus einem Butyl über Koextrusion fest angebracht sind, wobei der Abstandshalter hergestellt wird, indem die Dichtlippen und die Dichtmasse mit dem Körper koextrudiert werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, in einem Arbeitsgang den Abstandshalter herzustellen, wobei die für die Abdichtung und für die Versiegelung bzw. für den Zusammenhalt der Scheiben erforderlichen Teile koextrudiert werden. Durch das Koextrudieren wird der Zusammenhalt zwischen dem Körper und den elastischen Dichtlippen bzw. dem Körper und dem Dicht- oder Versiegelungsmaterial einen größtmöglichen Wert annehmen.The solution to this problem is achieved according to the invention in that sealing lips made of an elastomer and a sealing or sealing material in the form of beads, for example from a butyl, are firmly attached to each side surface of the body via coextrusion, the spacer being produced by the sealing lips and the Sealant to be coextruded with the body. This makes it possible to produce the spacer in one operation, the parts required for the sealing and for the sealing or for the holding together of the panes being coextruded. The co-extrusion takes the cohesion between the body and the elastic sealing lips or the body and the sealing or sealing material to the greatest possible value.
Der Körper des Abstandshalters kann kastenartig ausgebildet sein und aus einem mit Glasfaser oder Mineralpulver gefüllten Polypropylen bestehen.The body of the spacer can be box-shaped and consist of a polypropylene filled with glass fiber or mineral powder.
Um zu verhindern, daß zwischen die Scheiben Feuchtigkeit eintritt, kann weiterhin vorgesehen werden, daß wenigstens die im eingebauten Zustand freie Fläche des Körpers des Abstandshalters mit einer dampfdiffusionshemmenden Schicht versehen ist, welche aus Kunststoff und insbesondere aus PVDC sein kann. Die dampfdiffusionshemmende Schicht kann auch aus einer Metallfolie bestehen, welche Aluminium oder Edelstahl sein kann. Das Aufbringen der dampfdiffusionshemmenden Schicht aus Kunststoff kann durch Tauchen und das Aufbringen der Metallfolie kann durch Applizieren in Linie beim Extrudieren des Körpers erfolgen.In order to prevent moisture from entering between the panes, it can further be provided that at least the free surface of the body of the spacer in the installed state is provided with a vapor diffusion-inhibiting layer, which can be made of plastic and in particular of PVDC. The vapor diffusion-inhibiting layer can also consist of a metal foil, which can be aluminum or stainless steel. The vapor diffusion-inhibiting layer made of plastic can be applied by dipping and the metal foil can be applied by line application when the body is extruded.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung erläutert, welche einen Abstandshalter im Querschnitt zeigt.An embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to the drawing, which shows a spacer in cross section.
Der Abstandshalter 10 ist im Querschnitt in Form eines Hohlkastens 12 ausgebildet. An Seitenflächen 14, 16, an welchen im eingebauten Zustand die Scheiben einer Isolierverglasung oder die Wandungen eines Paneels anliegen, sind Dichtlippen 18, 20 aus einem Elastomer vorgesehen. Diese Dichtlippen werden mit dem Kasten 12 koextrudiert. Die Dichtlippen 18 und 20 sind vorzugsweise im oberen Bereich der Seitenflächen 14 und 16 angeodnet. Im gezeigten Beispiel sind vier Dichtlippen angeformt ; die Anzahl der Dichtlippen kann aber auch größer oder kleiner sein.The
Im unteren Drittel der Seitenflächen 14 und 16 sind außen an dem Kasten des Abstandshalters 12 Dichtraupen 22, 24 angeordnet, die beispielsweise aus einem Butyl bestehen und mit dem Kasten 12 und den Dichtlippen 18 und 20 koextrudiert werden. Dadurch ergibt sich ein fester Verbund zwischen den Dichtraupen und dem Kastenprofil. Diese Dichtraupen aus einer geeigneten Versiegelungsmasse gewährleisten die Haftung und die Versiegelung der angeordneten Scheiben oder Wandungen. Die Dichtraupen müssen dauerelastisch oder plastisch sein, um ausreichenden Wärmedehnungen Stand zu halten. Es ist bekannt, zwischen Abstandshaltern und Glasscheiben Silikon als Dichtmittel anzuordnen. Dieses weist aber einen unzureichenden Wasserdampfdiffusionswiderstand auf, so daß sich zwischen den Scheiben Wasser kondensieren kann, wodurch die Isolierwirkung und die Durchsichtigkeit der Verglasung beeinträchtigt werden.In the lower third of the
Das kastenartige Profil 12 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem mit Glasfaser oder Mineralpulver gefüllten Polypropylen, um eine ausreichende Druckfestigkeit zu erhalten.The box-
An der in der Figur unteren Fläche, die der freien Fläche des Profils 12 entspricht, wenn der Abstandshalter 10 zwischen zwei Scheiben eingebaut ist, ist das Profil 12 mit einer dampfdiffusionshemmenden Schicht 26 versehen. Diese dampfdiffusionshemmende Schicht, die eine ausreichende Wasserdampfdichtigkeit des Abstandshalters gewährleistet, kann aus einem Kunststoff und vorzugsweise aus PVDC bestehen, sie kann aber auch aus einer Metallfolie sein, beispielsweise aus Aluminium oder rostfreiem Edelstahl, welche aufgeklebt wird. Dieses Anbringen der Metallfolie erfolgt vorzugsweise in Linie beim Extrudieren des Abstandshalters. Wenn der Abstandshalter mit PVDC beschichtet wird, so kann dies vorzugsweise durch Eintauchen des Körpers 12 in diesen Kunststoff erfolgen.On the lower surface in the figure, which corresponds to the free surface of the
Da der Körper 12 des Abstandshalters 10 zusammen mit den Dichtlippen 18, 20 und den Dichtraupen 22, 24 koextrudiert wird und evtl. die Metallfolie 26 in Linie beim Extrudieren aufgebracht wird, ergibt sich eine wirtschaftliche Herstellung des Abstandshalters, welcher ausgezeichnete mechanische Eigenschaften aufweist und eine sehr gute Dichtigkeit einer Isolierverglasung oder eines Paneels erbringt.Because the
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84103116T ATE27032T1 (en) | 1983-06-06 | 1984-03-21 | SPACER AND PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3320417 | 1983-06-06 | ||
DE3320417 | 1983-06-06 | ||
DE3321878 | 1983-06-16 | ||
DE3321878A DE3321878C2 (en) | 1983-06-06 | 1983-06-16 | Method of making a spacer |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0127739A2 EP0127739A2 (en) | 1984-12-12 |
EP0127739A3 EP0127739A3 (en) | 1985-07-31 |
EP0127739B1 true EP0127739B1 (en) | 1987-05-06 |
Family
ID=25811293
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84103116A Expired EP0127739B1 (en) | 1983-06-06 | 1984-03-21 | Spacing element and method of producing the same |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4649685A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0127739B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3321878C2 (en) |
Cited By (9)
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EP0475213A1 (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-03-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | A low thermal conducting spacer assembly for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same |
EP0597727A2 (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1994-05-18 | UKae Limited | Insulated glass units |
US5460862A (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1995-10-24 | Thermix GmbH Isolierungssysteme fur Verglasungen | Spacer |
EP0852280A1 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-08 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage Suisse AG | Spacer for multiple glazing |
EP0953716A2 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-03 | Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft | Spacer profile for insulating glazing unit |
DE19859866A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-13 | Flachglas Ag | Profile used to make spacer frame defining interspace of double glazing unit |
US6354052B1 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2002-03-12 | Seva | Method for folding sections comprising a hollow body and a coating sheet, and resulting folded section |
US6470561B1 (en) | 1990-09-04 | 2002-10-29 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Spacer and spacer frame for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same |
US6537629B1 (en) | 1998-02-21 | 2003-03-25 | Wilfried Ensinger | Spacer |
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US5675944A (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1997-10-14 | P.P.G. Industries, Inc. | Low thermal conducting spacer assembly for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same |
US5088258A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1992-02-18 | Weather Shield Mfg., Inc. | Thermal broken glass spacer |
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US5584143A (en) * | 1993-05-07 | 1996-12-17 | Tyler Refrigeration Corporation | Edge seal gasket assembly for a multiple glazing unit |
CA2105460C (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1996-10-15 | France Delisle | Insulating multiple layer sealer units and insulating spacer and assembly |
DE19530838A1 (en) * | 1995-08-22 | 1997-02-27 | Interpane Entw & Beratungsges | Spacer for insertion between the panes at the periphery of insulating glazing panel |
US5806272A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-09-15 | Lafond; Luc | Foam core spacer assembly |
DE29611364U1 (en) * | 1996-06-29 | 1996-09-12 | HDW-Isoliertechnik GmbH, 24149 Kiel | Insulation and / or light guiding element |
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DE19814044A1 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-14 | Lenhardt Maschinenbau | Spacer frame made of glass fiber reinforced plastic for insulating glass panes and method for forming corners in such a spacer frame |
DE19902067A1 (en) * | 1999-01-20 | 2001-01-25 | Wug Weidemann Unternehmensgrup | Spacer bar for insulating glass |
US6604333B1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2003-08-12 | Tapco International Corporation | Plastic window assembly |
US7200211B1 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2007-04-03 | Palmsource, Inc. | Method and system for providing information for identifying callers based on a partial number |
DE10226268A1 (en) * | 2002-03-06 | 2003-10-02 | Ensinger Kunststofftechnologie | spacer |
DE10311830A1 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-23 | Ensinger Kunststofftechnologie Gbr | Spacer profile between glass panes in a double glazing structure has an organic and/or inorganic bonding agent matrix containing particles to adsorb water vapor and keep the space dry |
US7739851B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2010-06-22 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same |
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US7588653B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2009-09-15 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method of making an integrated window sash |
US7827761B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2010-11-09 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same |
US7997037B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2011-08-16 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Integrated window sash with groove for desiccant material |
US7765769B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2010-08-03 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Integrated window sash with lattice frame and retainer clip |
US7950194B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2011-05-31 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Plastic spacer stock, plastic spacer frame and multi-sheet unit, and method of making same |
DE102004027527A1 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2005-08-18 | Karl Lenhardt | Double glazed insulating glass unit, is formed by forming a spacer frame, applying sealing material to it, and then sandwiching it between two sheets of glass |
US20070256390A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2007-11-08 | Carrier Corporation | Trim joint for sealing gaps between panes of flat glass |
DE102008033249A1 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Gssg Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | insulating glass pane |
DE102011011549A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | Sollingglas Bau U. Veredelungs Gmbh & Co Kg | Composite edge of insulating glazing, comprises two transparent substrates, which are spaced parallel to each other, a spacer arranged peripherally between adjacent substrates, a sealing agent, and an additional sealing element |
CN104653781A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-27 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Sealing strip, electronic device and preparation method of sealing strip |
NZ726871A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2020-01-31 | Form Brick Pty Ltd | System and method for forming prefabricated building panels |
CA3031461C (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2019-11-05 | Newtonoid Technologies L.L.C. | Window system with insert for preventing glass breakage |
DE102019121690A1 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-18 | Ensinger Gmbh | Spacer for insulating glass panes |
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1983
- 1983-06-16 DE DE3321878A patent/DE3321878C2/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-03-21 DE DE8484103116T patent/DE3463548D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-21 EP EP84103116A patent/EP0127739B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-04 US US06/616,731 patent/US4649685A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0475213A1 (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-03-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | A low thermal conducting spacer assembly for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same |
US6470561B1 (en) | 1990-09-04 | 2002-10-29 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Spacer and spacer frame for an insulating glazing unit and method of making same |
EP0597727A2 (en) * | 1992-11-13 | 1994-05-18 | UKae Limited | Insulated glass units |
US5460862A (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1995-10-24 | Thermix GmbH Isolierungssysteme fur Verglasungen | Spacer |
EP0852280A1 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-08 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage Suisse AG | Spacer for multiple glazing |
US6354052B1 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2002-03-12 | Seva | Method for folding sections comprising a hollow body and a coating sheet, and resulting folded section |
US6537629B1 (en) | 1998-02-21 | 2003-03-25 | Wilfried Ensinger | Spacer |
EP0953716A2 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-03 | Flachglas Aktiengesellschaft | Spacer profile for insulating glazing unit |
DE19859866A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-13 | Flachglas Ag | Profile used to make spacer frame defining interspace of double glazing unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0127739A2 (en) | 1984-12-12 |
EP0127739A3 (en) | 1985-07-31 |
DE3321878C2 (en) | 1986-12-18 |
DE3463548D1 (en) | 1987-06-11 |
DE3321878A1 (en) | 1984-12-06 |
US4649685A (en) | 1987-03-17 |
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