EP0442864B1 - Method and arrangement for rolling of rods and wires - Google Patents
Method and arrangement for rolling of rods and wires Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0442864B1 EP0442864B1 EP91890010A EP91890010A EP0442864B1 EP 0442864 B1 EP0442864 B1 EP 0442864B1 EP 91890010 A EP91890010 A EP 91890010A EP 91890010 A EP91890010 A EP 91890010A EP 0442864 B1 EP0442864 B1 EP 0442864B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rolling
- temperature
- moulding
- accordance
- rolled stock
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
- B21B1/18—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section in a continuous process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
- B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/16—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section
- B21B1/166—Rolling wire into sections or flat ribbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B2203/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in combination with rolling mills or rolling methods
- B21B2203/06—Cassettes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for rolling wire and rod material made of metallic materials, the rolling stock being given a reduction in the cross-sectional area of at least 50%.
- Rolling or drawing processes are used throughout for the production of wire and rod material, whereby starting material with a large cross-sectional area or with a large diameter, in particular over 10 ⁇ mm, by rolling at high temperatures, preferably over 10 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 0 ⁇ ° C, and starting material with a small diameter, in particular less than 5 mm, by drawing, usually in several steps, at room temperature, optionally with soft annealing treatments between the drawing steps.
- wire with a small cross-section is produced by using continuous isothermal rolling in a roller train equipped with heated rollers, after which a subsequent drawing is carried out without intermediate annealing.
- the preheating and rolling temperature is chosen to be high in order to avoid material hardening or to save intermediate annealing operations. Disadvantages here are oxidation of the surface, a coarse microstructure and the hardening of alloys with a higher carbon content with rapid cooling from the rolling heat.
- the rolling stock is rolled in at least two steps, the last step with a deformation of at least 50 ⁇ % with at least two rolling steps at a temperature which is close to, but above the AR3 temperature of the alloy is carried out.
- Disadvantages here are oxidation of the primary material during heating and increased roller wear, as well as structural inhomogeneities over the cross section of the workpiece due to the formation of surface martensite if necessary during intermediate cooling.
- FR-PS-2 579 116 a method is known for the continuous production of metallic profiles, in which a wire or rod material is removed from the storage device and straightened in a roller straightening machine, after which the rolling stock is first conductively preheated and then inductively final heated and with is deformed in several rolling steps.
- This method is complex because surface cleaning of the rolling stock, for example by brushing, may be necessary before the conductive heating.
- unevenness in the surface and therefore punctiform introduction of current into the primary material can result in burn-in points or areas which are brought to high temperature for a short time and thus harden. Better heating conditions are to be achieved by means of complex inductive final heating.
- the straightening process creates in the primary material in places, especially in the near-surface zone of the primary material, plastic deformations or solidified points, which can cause inhomogeneities in the structure of the material when rolled below the transition temperature of the material.
- the invention has for its object to provide a generic method with which a rolled product having a small cross-sectional area with a high surface quality and with a finer microstructure of the material which is homogeneously formed over the cross section can be produced in a simple manner with advantageous usage properties and good further processability.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that, before it is warmed up to a temperature of improved deformability and then rolled, the primary material or rolling stock is pre-deformed and solidified in a first step, the material properties of which are changed and an internal stress state is set in the material. It has been shown that a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the rolling stock with a pre-deformation of at least 1.8%, preferably at essentially room temperature, causes a hardening and setting of an internal stress state in the material, in which new dislocations caused dislocations to migrate in the crystal lattice and are mutually blocked and thereby create a grid tension.
- the heating of the rolling stock provided for in the second step of the method according to the invention in the case of hardenable steels preferably to a temperature just below the transition temperature or the Ac1 temperature, the lattice tension is stabilized and in the subsequent roll deformation even at low levels
- a degree of deformation of at least 10% per pass achieves a special grain refinement that is intensified with the further rolling steps to a total of at least 50%.
- deep pre-deformation is carried out by cold rolling with a cross-sectional area reduction of at least 1.8%, the rolled product has a particularly homogeneous, finely structured structure of the material with advantageous usage properties.
- pre-deformation significantly improves the transition conditions for the electrical current in the contact area of a conductive heating device, so that no surface and structural defects result from arcing and / or local material overheating.
- a cross-sectional area constancy of the rolling stock that can be achieved by the pre-deformation additionally results in easier and more precise temperature control during the conductive heating.
- the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously, and rolled products with a special internal and surface quality can thus be produced.
- the invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method.
- a rolling device for forming steels, metals and alloys with low deformability at room temperature which essentially consists of a heating device by means of direct current passage through the rolling stock for setting the temperature, a temperature compensation device and a deformation device for at least one there is two-stage deformation of the rolling stock.
- a raw material (7) in descaled, pickled, ground or the like State of a provisioning device (1), e.g. removed from a drum (11) or (not shown) from a stack and fed to a pre-shaping device (2).
- a shaping device can consist of two successive cold rolling stands (21, 22), in which the raw material cross section is reduced and a precise round or flat cross section is rolled.
- a drawing device or the like can also be used for the pre-deformation, but the start of the method is made more difficult or more complex to carry out.
- a heating device (3) After the rolled material emerges from the pre-forming device, it has essentially straightness, a smooth surface with a constant cross section or constant cross-sectional shape and a crystal lattice strain in the material.
- a heating device (3) a circuit is closed by means of contact rollers (31, 32), an electrical current flow from a current source through the rolling stock is effected and resistance heating is achieved.
- a regulation of the energy supply and the like and / or a control of the method can be carried out with a temperature measuring device (30 ⁇ ), which is connected downstream of the heating zone. Provision can also be made for a temperature compensation device (4) to be arranged in front of a deformation device (5).
- the deformation device (5) preferably consists of at least two roll stands (51, 52) or a cassette rolling mill for a minimum deformation of 50% in total.
- the finished product is stored by storage device (6), e.g. Drum (61), or stack container added.
- storage device (6) e.g. Drum (61), or stack container added.
- the pre-shaping device (2) and the rolling device (5) and optionally the contact rollers of the heating device (3) are controlled in such a way that the exit speed of the rolling stock after the pre-shaping, the passage speed through the heating device and the entry speed into the rolling device is essentially the same and tensile stresses prevail in the rolling stock lying in between.
- a temperature-controlled overall control has proven to be advantageous for such a control.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zum Walzen von Draht- und Stabmaterial aus metallischen Werkstoffen, wobei dem Walzgut eine Verminderung der Querschnittsfläche von mindestens 50̸% erteilt wird.The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for rolling wire and rod material made of metallic materials, the rolling stock being given a reduction in the cross-sectional area of at least 50%.
Für eine Herstellung von Draht- und Stabmaterial werden durchwegs Walz- oder Ziehverfahren angewendet, wobei Vormaterial mit großer Querschnittsfläche bzw. mit großem Durchmesser, insbesondere über 10̸ mm, durch Walzen bei hohen Temperaturen, vorzugsweise über 10̸0̸0̸°C, und Vormaterial mit geringem Durchmesser, insbesondere unter 5 mm, durch Ziehen, zumeist in mehreren Schritten, bei Raumtemperatur, gegebenenfalls mit Weichglühbehandlungen zwischen den Ziehschritten, verformt wird.Rolling or drawing processes are used throughout for the production of wire and rod material, whereby starting material with a large cross-sectional area or with a large diameter, in particular over 10̸ mm, by rolling at high temperatures, preferably over 10̸0̸0̸ ° C, and starting material with a small diameter, in particular less than 5 mm, by drawing, usually in several steps, at room temperature, optionally with soft annealing treatments between the drawing steps.
Bei einem bekannten Verfahren der genannten Gattung ( CH-PS-654 496) wird Draht mit geringem Querschnitt hergestellt, indem ein kontinuierliches isothermes Walzen in einer mit beheizten Walzen ausgerüsteten Walzenstraße angewendet wird, wonach gegebenenfalls ein anschließendes Ziehen ohne Zwischenglühung erfolgt. Dabei wird die Vorwärm-und Walztemperatur hoch gewählt, um eine Materialverfestigung zu vermeiden bzw. Zwischenglühoperationen einzusparen. Nachteilig dabei sind eine Oxidation der Oberfläche, eine grobe Gefügestruktur sowie die Härtung von höher kohlenstoffhaltigen Legierungen bei rascher Abkühlung aus der Walzhitze.In a known method of the type mentioned (CH-PS-654 496), wire with a small cross-section is produced by using continuous isothermal rolling in a roller train equipped with heated rollers, after which a subsequent drawing is carried out without intermediate annealing. The preheating and rolling temperature is chosen to be high in order to avoid material hardening or to save intermediate annealing operations. Disadvantages here are oxidation of the surface, a coarse microstructure and the hardening of alloys with a higher carbon content with rapid cooling from the rolling heat.
Bei einem anderen Verfahren zum Warmwalzen von hochfestem Stahl (GB-PA 2 194 186) wird das Walzgut in mindestens zwei Schritten gewalzt, wobei der letzte Schritt mit einer Verformung von mindestens 50̸% mit mindestens zwei Walzschritten bei einer Temperatur, welche nahe, aber über der AR₃ Temperatur der Legierung liegt, durchgeführt wird. Nachteilig dabei sind eine Oxidation des Vormaterials bei der Erwärmung und ein erhöhter Walzenverschleiß sowie Gefügeinhomogenitäten über den Querschnitt des Werkstückes durch gegebenenfalls Bildung von Oberflächenmartensit bei Zwischenkühlungen.In another method for hot rolling high-strength steel (GB-
Bei einem weiteren Walzverfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlband (DE-OS 2 725 155) wurde vorgeschlagen, einen Draht entkohlungsfrei in neutraler Atmosphäre auf eine höhere Temperatur als die AC₃ Temperatur der Legierung zu erhitzen und bei dieser Temperatur zu walzen, wonach das gewalzte Material abgekühlt und isotherm bis zur Erzielung einer bainitischen Struktur in einem Bereich oberhalb des Martensitpunktes gehalten wird. Nachteilig bei diesem für die Erzeugung von Verstärkungselementen in Fahrzeugluftreifen vorgesehenen Verfahren sind ein Vergütungsgefüge, welches im wesentlichen keine Weiterverarbeitung mittels thermischer Prozesse vorsieht, sowie die weitgehend durch den Umwandlungsvorgang nicht verringerte Austenitkorngröße.In a further rolling process for the production of steel strip (DE-OS 2 725 155) it has been proposed to heat a wire without decarburization in a neutral atmosphere to a higher temperature than the AC₃ temperature of the alloy and to roll at this temperature, after which the rolled material is cooled and isothermally until a bainitic structure is achieved in an area above the martensite point. Disadvantages of this method, which is provided for the production of reinforcing elements in pneumatic vehicle tires, are a tempering structure which essentially does not provide any further processing by means of thermal processes, and the austenite grain size which is largely not reduced by the conversion process.
Aus der FR-PS-2 579 116 ist zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von metallischen Profilen ein Verfahren bekannt, bei welchem ein Draht-oder Stabmaterial der Bevorratungseinrichtung entnommen und in einer Rollenrichtmaschine gerade gerichtet wird, wonach das Walzgut zuerst konduktiv vorgewärmt und anschließend induktiv endgewärmt und mit mehreren Walzschritten verformt wird. Dieses Verfahren ist aufwendig, weil eine Oberflächenreinigung des Walzgutes, z.B. durch Bürsten, vor der Konduktiverwärmung erforderlich sein kann. Weiters können dabei durch Unebenheiten der Oberfläche und daher punktförmiger Stromeinleitung in das Vormaterial in diesem Einbrennstellen oder Bereiche, die kurzfristig auf hohe Temperatur gebracht werden und somit aufhärten, gebildet werden. Mittels aufwendiger induktiver Endwärmung sollen bessere Aufheizbedingungen erreicht werden. Durch den Richtvorgang entstehen im Vormaterial stellenweise, insbesondere in der oberflächennahen Zone des Vormaterials, plastische Verformungen bzw. verfestigte Stellen, die bei einer Walzung unterhalb der Umwandlungstemperatur des Materials Inhomogenitäten im Gefüge des Werkstoffes bewirken können.From FR-PS-2 579 116 a method is known for the continuous production of metallic profiles, in which a wire or rod material is removed from the storage device and straightened in a roller straightening machine, after which the rolling stock is first conductively preheated and then inductively final heated and with is deformed in several rolling steps. This method is complex because surface cleaning of the rolling stock, for example by brushing, may be necessary before the conductive heating. Furthermore, unevenness in the surface and therefore punctiform introduction of current into the primary material can result in burn-in points or areas which are brought to high temperature for a short time and thus harden. Better heating conditions are to be achieved by means of complex inductive final heating. The straightening process creates in the primary material in places, especially in the near-surface zone of the primary material, plastic deformations or solidified points, which can cause inhomogeneities in the structure of the material when rolled below the transition temperature of the material.
Für ein Warmziehen von härtbaren Stählen wurde gemäß AT-PS 227643 ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, mit welchem das Ziehgut konduktiv bis zu einer Temperatur unter A1 erwärmt wird. Dieses Verfahren ist weitgehend nur für oberflächenbehandeltes bzw. oberflächenbearbeitetes Vormaterial geeignet, wobei die Gefügestruktur vom Ziehvorgang und insbesondere vom Gefügezustand im Vormaterial abhängig ist.For hot-drawing hardenable steels, a method has been proposed in accordance with AT-PS 227643 with which the drawn material is conductively heated to a temperature below A1. This method is largely only suitable for surface-treated or surface-treated raw material, the microstructure being dependent on the drawing process and in particular on the structural condition in the raw material.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zu schaffen, mit welchem auf einfache Weise ein eine geringe Querschnittsfläche aufweisendes Walzprodukt mit hoher Oberflächengüte und mit über den Querschnitt homogen ausgebildeter feinerer Gefügestruktur des Werkstoffes mit vorteilhaften Gebrauchseigenschaften und guter Weiterverarbeitbarkeit hergestellt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a generic method with which a rolled product having a small cross-sectional area with a high surface quality and with a finer microstructure of the material which is homogeneously formed over the cross section can be produced in a simple manner with advantageous usage properties and good further processability.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4 gekennzeichnet.
Weiters ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Anordnung zum Walzen anzugeben, welche sich durch einen besonders einfachen Aufbau auszeichnet und eine Herstellung von Walzprodukten mit hoher Genauigkeit und besonderen Eigenschaften gewährleistet. Diese weitere Aufgabe wird bei einer gattungsgemäßen Anordnung durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 5 gelöst. Weitere bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen der Ansprüche 6 bis 8.This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset by the characterizing features of
Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide an arrangement for rolling, which is characterized by a particularly simple structure and ensures the production of rolled products with high accuracy and special properties. This further object is achieved in a generic arrangement by the characterizing features of
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß vor dem Aufwärmen auf eine Temperatur verbesserter Verformbarkeit und einem anschließenden Walzen das Vormaterial bzw. Walzgut in einem ersten Schritt vorverformt und verfestigt wird, wobei dessen Werkstoffeigenschaften geändert und ein innerer Spannungszustand im Werkstoff eingestellt werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß eine Verringerung der Querschnittsfläche des Walzgutes bei einer Vorverformung von mindestens 1,8% vorzugsweise bei im wesentlichen Raumtemperatur, eine Verfestigung und Einstellung eines innerern Spannungszustandes im Werkstoff bewirkt, bei welcher neue Versetzungen im Kristallgitter erzeugte Versetzungen zum Wandern gebracht und gegenseitig blockiert werden und dadurch eine Gitterverspannung herstellen. Wie sich überraschenderweise weiter gezeigt hat, wird durch die im zweiten Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehene Erwärmung des Walzgutes, bei härtbaren Stählen vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur knapp unterhalb der Umwandlungstemperatur bzw. der Ac1- Temperatur, die Gitterspannung labilisiert und bei der nachfolgenden Walzverformung schon bei geringen Verformungsgraden von mindestens 10 % je Stich eine besondere Kornfeinung erreicht, die mit den weiteren Walzschritten im Gesamtausmaß von mindestens 50 % intensiviert wird. Wird eine tiefreichende Vorverformung durch Kaltwalzen mit einer Querschnittsflächenverminderung von mindestens 1,8 % durchgeführt, so ergibt sich im Walzprodukt eine besonders homogene, fein ausgebildete Gefügestruktur des Werkstoffes mit vorteilhaften Gebrauchseigenschaften.
Es hat sich auch gezeigt, daß durch die Vorverformung die Übergangsbedingungen für den elektrischen Strom im Kontaktbereich einer Konduktiverwärmungseinrichtung wesentlich verbessert werden, so daß daraus keinerlei Oberflächen- und Gefügefehler durch eine Lichtbogenbildung und/oder örtliche Materialüberhitzung entstehen. Eine durch die Vorverformung erreichbare Querschnittsflächenkonstanz des Walzgutes bewirkt zusätzlich eine leichtere und genauere Temperaturregelung bei der konduktiven Erwärmung.The process according to the invention is characterized in that, before it is warmed up to a temperature of improved deformability and then rolled, the primary material or rolling stock is pre-deformed and solidified in a first step, the material properties of which are changed and an internal stress state is set in the material. It has been shown that a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the rolling stock with a pre-deformation of at least 1.8%, preferably at essentially room temperature, causes a hardening and setting of an internal stress state in the material, in which new dislocations caused dislocations to migrate in the crystal lattice and are mutually blocked and thereby create a grid tension. Surprisingly, it has further been shown that the heating of the rolling stock provided for in the second step of the method according to the invention, in the case of hardenable steels preferably to a temperature just below the transition temperature or the Ac1 temperature, the lattice tension is stabilized and in the subsequent roll deformation even at low levels A degree of deformation of at least 10% per pass achieves a special grain refinement that is intensified with the further rolling steps to a total of at least 50%. If deep pre-deformation is carried out by cold rolling with a cross-sectional area reduction of at least 1.8%, the rolled product has a particularly homogeneous, finely structured structure of the material with advantageous usage properties.
It has also been shown that the pre-deformation significantly improves the transition conditions for the electrical current in the contact area of a conductive heating device, so that no surface and structural defects result from arcing and / or local material overheating. A cross-sectional area constancy of the rolling stock that can be achieved by the pre-deformation additionally results in easier and more precise temperature control during the conductive heating.
Bei einer Verwendung von gebeiztem oder entzundertem Vormaterial ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besonders vorteilhaft anwendbar und es können damit Walzprodukte mit besonderer Innen- und Oberflächengüte hergestellt werden.When using pickled or descaled primary material, the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously, and rolled products with a special internal and surface quality can thus be produced.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Aus der EP-A-0314667 ist eine Walzvorrichtung zur Umformung von Stählen, Metallen und Legierungen mit geringem Formänderungsvermögen bei Raumtemperatur bekannt, welche im wesentlichen aus einer Erwärmungseinrichtung mittels direkten Stromdurchganges durch das Walzgut zur Einstellung der Temperatur, einer Temperaturausgleichseinrichtung und einer Verformungseinrichtung für eine mindestens zweistufige Verformung des Walzgutes besteht. Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik wird die Erfindung anhand der schematischen Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method. From EP-A-0314667 a rolling device for forming steels, metals and alloys with low deformability at room temperature is known, which essentially consists of a heating device by means of direct current passage through the rolling stock for setting the temperature, a temperature compensation device and a deformation device for at least one there is two-stage deformation of the rolling stock. Based on this prior art, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the schematic drawing.
Es zeigt Fig. 1 den prinzipiellen Aufbau der Anordnung.1 shows the basic structure of the arrangement.
Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Anordnung wird ein Vormaterial (7) im entzunderten, gebeizten, geschliffenen od. dgl; Zustand einer Bereitstellungseinrichtung (1), z.B. einer Trommel (11) oder (nicht dargestellt) einem Stapel entnommen, und einer Vorverformungseinrichtung (2) zugeführt. Eine derartige Verformungseinrichtung kann aus zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Kaltwalzgerüsten (21,22) bestehen, in welchen der Vormaterialquerschnitt verringert und ein genauer Rund- oder Flachquerschnitt gewalzt wird.In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, a raw material (7) in descaled, pickled, ground or the like; State of a provisioning device (1), e.g. removed from a drum (11) or (not shown) from a stack and fed to a pre-shaping device (2). Such a shaping device can consist of two successive cold rolling stands (21, 22), in which the raw material cross section is reduced and a precise round or flat cross section is rolled.
Zur Vorverformung kann auch eine Zieheinrichtung oder dgl. verwendet werden, wobei jedoch der Verfahrensbeginn erschwert bzw. aufwendiger durchführbar wird.A drawing device or the like can also be used for the pre-deformation, but the start of the method is made more difficult or more complex to carry out.
Nach dem Austritt des Walzmaterials aus der Vorverformungseinrichtung besitzt dieses im wesentlichen Geradheit, eine glatte Oberfläche mit konstantem Querschnitt bzw. gleichbleibender Querschnittsform und eine Kristallgitterverspannung im Werkstoff. In einer Erwärmungseinrichtung (3) wird mittels Kontaktrollen ( 31, 32) ein Stromkreis geschlossen, ein elektrischer Stromfluß von einer Stromquelle durch das Walzgut bewirkt und eine Widerstandserwärmung erzielt. Mit einer Temperaturmeßeinrichtung (30̸), welche der Erwärmungszone nachgeschaltet ist, kann eine Regelung der Energiezufuhr und dgl. und/oder eine Steuerung des Verfahrens vorgenommen werden. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, eine Temperaturausgleichseinrichtung (4) einer Verformungseinrichtung (5) vorzuordnen. Die Verformungseinrichtung (5) besteht vorzugsweise aus mindestens zwei Walzgerüsten ( 51, 52) oder einem Kassettenwalzwerk für eine Mindestverformung von insgesamt 50̸ %.After the rolled material emerges from the pre-forming device, it has essentially straightness, a smooth surface with a constant cross section or constant cross-sectional shape and a crystal lattice strain in the material. In a heating device (3), a circuit is closed by means of contact rollers (31, 32), an electrical current flow from a current source through the rolling stock is effected and resistance heating is achieved. A regulation of the energy supply and the like and / or a control of the method can be carried out with a temperature measuring device (30̸), which is connected downstream of the heating zone. Provision can also be made for a temperature compensation device (4) to be arranged in front of a deformation device (5). The deformation device (5) preferably consists of at least two roll stands (51, 52) or a cassette rolling mill for a minimum deformation of 50% in total.
Das Fertigprodukt wird von Lagerungseinrichtung (6), z.B. Trommel (61) , oder Stapelbehältnis aufgenommen. Besonders gute Ergebnisse werden mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung erzielt, wenn die Vorverformungseinrichtung (2) und die Walzeinrichtung (5) und gegebenenfalls die Kontaktrollen der Erwärmungseinrichtung (3) derart gesteuert werden, daß die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Walzgutes nach der Vorverformung, die Durchgangsgeschwindigkeit durch die Erwärmungseinrichtung und die Eintrittsgeschwindigkeit in die Walzeinrichtung im wesentlichen gleich groß sind und im dazwischen liegenden Walzgut Zugspannungen herrschen. Für eine derartige Steuerung hat sich eine temperaturgeführte Gesamtregelung als vorteilhaft erwiesen.The finished product is stored by storage device (6), e.g. Drum (61), or stack container added. Particularly good results are achieved with an arrangement according to the invention if the pre-shaping device (2) and the rolling device (5) and optionally the contact rollers of the heating device (3) are controlled in such a way that the exit speed of the rolling stock after the pre-shaping, the passage speed through the heating device and the entry speed into the rolling device is essentially the same and tensile stresses prevail in the rolling stock lying in between. A temperature-controlled overall control has proven to be advantageous for such a control.
Claims (8)
- A process for rolling wire or rod material from metal materials, a reduction of at least 50% of the cross-sectional area being imposed on the rolled stock, characterised in that in a first step, the rolled stock is pre-moulded by cold working at a temperature substantially corresponding to room temperature, with a reduction in cross-sectional area of at least 1.8%, is hardened, and an inner state of stress is produced in the material, and subsequently in a second step the rolled stock is heated to a temperature of greater malleability, and is further moulded in at least two successive rolling steps with a reduction in cross-sectional area of at least 10% per step, and overall of at least 50%.
- A process in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the pre-moulding in the first step is carried out by cold rolling, and in a second step the rolled stock, with an inner state of stress in the material, is conductively heated in a heating section, by means of a rapid heating process known per se, to a temperature of greater malleability, and is further moulded.
- A process in accordance with one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that in the second stage metal materials undergoing structural transformation are heated to a rolling temperature of, at the most, the Acl- temperature or the temperature of transformation into the gamma structure, and are further moulded at this temperature, a temperature increase in the rolled stock during further moulding being prevented by cooling.
- A process in accordance with one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the second step is immediately subsequent to the first step, and the pre-moulding in the first step and/or the further moulding in the second step is/are carried out in such a manner that tensile stresses are applied to the intermediate rolled stock.
- An arrangement for rolling wire or rod material from metal materials, to carry out the process in accordance with one of claims 1 to 4, having a heating device (3) known per se, with introduction of energy into the rolled stock by direct passage of electricity, and a subsequent rolling device (5) for at least two-stage moulding, characterised in that a pre-moulding device (2), formed by a cold-rolling device, is firstly provided.
- An arrangement in accordance with claim 5, characterised in that the pre-moulding device (2) and/or the rolling device (5) and the heating device (3) have adjustable drives, which are connected to control means and are commonly adjustable.
- An arrangement in accordance with one of claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the pre-moulding device (2) and the heating device (3) and a temperature-compensating zone (4) and the rolling device (5) are arranged one behind another in the direction of rolling, it being possible to guide through or process the rolled stock (7) in a straight line.
- Use of an arrangement in accordance with one of claims 5 to 7, to mould hardenable steels.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT319/90 | 1990-02-13 | ||
| AT0031990A AT394670B (en) | 1990-02-13 | 1990-02-13 | METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR ROLLING WIRE AND ROD MATERIAL |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0442864A1 EP0442864A1 (en) | 1991-08-21 |
| EP0442864B1 true EP0442864B1 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
Family
ID=3487419
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91890010A Expired - Lifetime EP0442864B1 (en) | 1990-02-13 | 1991-01-24 | Method and arrangement for rolling of rods and wires |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0442864B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04272135A (en) |
| AT (2) | AT394670B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59101963D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5638714A (en) * | 1994-04-20 | 1997-06-17 | Fintube Limited Partnership | Process for making a strip from a rod |
| EP0817687B1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1999-06-09 | Fintube Limited Partnership | Process for making a strip from a hot rolled rod |
| CN104889293B (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2017-10-27 | 天津市安博尔金属制品有限公司 | A kind of cleaning ball flat filament forming machine |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT256006B (en) * | 1961-11-25 | 1967-08-10 | Moossche Eisenwerke Ag | Process for rolling out profiles by means of caliber rollers |
| DD103569A1 (en) * | 1973-04-09 | 1974-02-05 | Flemming Folker | METHOD FOR ROLLING WIRE AND STEEL STEEL IN DUO ROLLED RUGS |
| DE2455922C3 (en) * | 1974-11-26 | 1980-11-27 | Institut Metallofiziki Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoj Ssr, Kiew | Process for the production of elongated workpieces such as wires, strips or profiles from hot-rolled carbon steel |
| LU84257A1 (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-03-22 | Lamitref Aluminium | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING METAL WIRE, METAL WIRE THUS OBTAINED AND PRODUCTION UNIT USED TO APPLY THIS METHOD |
| CH669128A5 (en) * | 1986-05-13 | 1989-02-28 | Moos Stahl Ag | High yield strength precision wire rod prodn. - by stretching and calibrating, useful for reinforcing rod mfr. |
| AT393361B (en) * | 1987-10-29 | 1991-10-10 | Boehler Gmbh | Method and device for producing thin wires, rods, tubes and profiles from steels and alloys with low dimensional change, in particular from hardenable steels. |
-
1990
- 1990-02-13 AT AT0031990A patent/AT394670B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-01-24 EP EP91890010A patent/EP0442864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-01-24 AT AT91890010T patent/ATE107546T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-01-24 DE DE59101963T patent/DE59101963D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-01-31 JP JP3098313A patent/JPH04272135A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT394670B (en) | 1992-05-25 |
| DE59101963D1 (en) | 1994-07-28 |
| JPH04272135A (en) | 1992-09-28 |
| ATA31990A (en) | 1991-11-15 |
| EP0442864A1 (en) | 1991-08-21 |
| ATE107546T1 (en) | 1994-07-15 |
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