EP0441079B1 - Teilbares und rekonfigurierbares Episkophauptzielfernrohr - Google Patents

Teilbares und rekonfigurierbares Episkophauptzielfernrohr Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0441079B1
EP0441079B1 EP90403680A EP90403680A EP0441079B1 EP 0441079 B1 EP0441079 B1 EP 0441079B1 EP 90403680 A EP90403680 A EP 90403680A EP 90403680 A EP90403680 A EP 90403680A EP 0441079 B1 EP0441079 B1 EP 0441079B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
day
night
episcopic
reticle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90403680A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0441079A3 (de
EP0441079A2 (de
Inventor
Jean-François Pellarin
Gilles Colin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Publication of EP0441079A2 publication Critical patent/EP0441079A2/de
Publication of EP0441079A3 publication Critical patent/EP0441079A3/de
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Publication of EP0441079B1 publication Critical patent/EP0441079B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/26—Peepholes; Windows; Loopholes
    • F41H5/266—Periscopes for fighting or armoured vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/06—Aiming or laying means with rangefinder
    • F41G3/065—Structural association of sighting-devices with laser telemeters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/22—Aiming or laying means for vehicle-borne armament, e.g. on aircraft

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of modular and reconfigurable episcopic glasses used for observation and ensuring the shooting function when it is associated with a weapon system with or without a fire control.
  • the firing function must ensure the generation of a sighting axis day and night, and which is perfectly referenced with respect to the axis of the gun or firing axis allowing for shooting corrections in site taking into account only distance (engraved reticle with rises + stadimetric scale or engraved reticle with rises + telemetry), or corrections of shooting in site and in bearing integrating a greater number of parameters: distance, speed of the target, temperature, altitude, type ammunition, wind, etc. These deviations are then quantified by a computer.
  • the aiming shift can be achieved either by moving a deflecting optical member or by moving a reticle (mechanical movement or electronically addressable).
  • Patent EP-A-268,778 describes a modular episcopic telescope, consisting of sub-assemblies which can be replaced in the event of failure. However, it is a mechanical modularity and not a functional one.
  • the aim of the present invention is to propose a modular and reconfigurable episcopic telescope ensuring precise shooting through two optical channels while retaining the same sight mark, whatever the modules used.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore an episcopic telescope usable for observation and shooting day or night, on a vehicle equipped with a cannon, comprising in particular a head module containing a head mirror, said module being fixed on the vehicle chassis, characterized in that it comprises a day and night lane separation module connected to the head module and containing means for generating a firing reticle in the day and night lanes on the one hand, and of a set of interchangeable functional modules grouping the optical elements on the other hand, constituted in particular by a day vision module connected to the separation module, a night vision module connected to the separation module, a telemetry module placed in the vicinity of the day module and whose emission beam is directed towards the mirror via the day channel of the separation module, an electronic unit associated with a fire computer.
  • the means for generating the aiming reticle may comprise a collimator for projecting the reticle and a rhombohedron for injecting this reticle into the day and night modules.
  • the collimator may include a diode illuminating in transmission the firing reticle harmonized in elevation and in bearing with respect to the firing axis.
  • the rhombohedron may have two treated faces, placed facing the day and night modules, the first face reflecting part of the radiation emitted by the diode towards the night module and transmitting another part of the radiation to the second face, which reflects the received radiation.
  • An adaptation spacer constituted by a raising module can be interposed between the head module and the separation module.
  • the day module may include optical means capable of ensuring, in combination with the head mirror, the transmission of the image of the external landscape to the observer.
  • the night module can include optical means made up in particular of an objective, a light intensification tube and an eyepiece, capable of transmitting the image of the external landscape to the observer at night.
  • the laser telemetry module can be attached to the day vision module, the laser telemetry reticle being integrated into the day module and harmonized with the laser emission and reception beams.
  • a dichroic cube can be fixed in the day module in front of the laser reticle to reflect the laser reception beam towards the telemetry module and transmit visible radiation towards the eyepiece of the day module.
  • the reticule of the laser range finder can be injected into the night module using the rhombohedron and a cube corner, the base of which is placed in the vicinity of the first face of the rhombohedron and this at 45 ° with respect thereto.
  • the first face of the rhombohedron can be treated to ensure an almost total transmission and a partial reflection of the radiation emitted by the diodes illuminating the telemetry and shooting reticles.
  • the head module and the separation module can be rigidly mounted on the vehicle turret, the aiming axis being aligned in elevation and in bearing with the axis of the gun, the day and laser modules on the one hand and the module night on the other hand being connected to the separation module by a latching fastening system.
  • An advantage of the present invention lies in the creation of a single aiming reticle which is kept independently of the assembly or disassembly of the modules constituting the two aiming paths.
  • Another advantage lies in the fact that it allows very precise telemetry corresponding to perfect harmonization between the laser emission / reception and the laser sighting axis available in the two channels.
  • Another advantage lies in the ease of assembly and disassembly of the modules.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an exploded view of the telescope illustrating an optimal configuration which comprises a head module 1, a raising module 2, a separation module 3, a day vision module 4, a night vision module 5 , a laser telemetry module 6, an episcope and clear collimator 7, an electronic unit 8 and a computer 9.
  • the head module 1 comprises a head mirror 10, piloted in site, allowing observation of the landscape and by which telemetry and target shooting are carried out.
  • the chassis of module 1 is fixed to the turret of the armored vehicle by means of the fixing surface 41, ensuring positioning relative to the axis of the barrel.
  • the raising module 2 is fixed under the module 1 and it makes it possible to adapt the telescope according to the invention to the different configuration of turret architecture.
  • the separation module 3 fixed under the module 1 performs two functions. It makes it possible first of all to generate an aiming axis projected in the day and night tracks delimited by the respective modules 4 and 5.
  • the separation module then constitutes a structure for receiving the lower modules 4 to 9 which are fixed therein. using sleepers.
  • the lower modules are afocal systems (the landscape placed in front of the lens is observable after having or not undergone a magnification at the other end of the module). This property has the advantage of allowing a great tolerance of positioning with respect to the separation module.
  • the mirror 10 returns the image of the external landscape to the day 4 module, using a prism 18 which reflects it towards the eyepiece 15.
  • the laser 6 the telemetry reticle 12 of which is integrated into the day module 4. This reticle is lit laterally by a diode 13.
  • the beam 14a produced is visible to the operator in the eyepiece 33. It is transmitted to the night module 5 by a rhombohedron 4 and a cube corner 16 described in detail in relation to FIG. 3, after reflection in the prism 18.
  • FIG. 2 also shows the path of the laser reception beam 14b reflected by the target, after reflection on the mirror 10.
  • This beam 14b crosses the objective 15 of the day 4 module and is transmitted by the prism 18 towards a dichroic cube 17.
  • This cube transparent to visible in turn reflects the beam 14b which after reflection in the pentahedron 19 is received by the range finder 6.
  • a field diaphragm 28 and an objective 11 are placed whose role is to '' ensuring the harmonization between the beams 14a and 14b and thus ensuring good telemetry.
  • the laser emission channel is conventionally generated parallel to the reception channel and in FIG. 1 we partially see the emission objective 34 which emits the laser beam directly to the head module 10.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 there is shown a section showing the assembly of modules 1 to 5 and on which we see the partial structure of the means for generating an aiming reticle 21 determining an optical aiming axis.
  • They consist of a collimator formed by a diode 20 illuminating an image plane 21.
  • the image plane can either be an engraved reticle with indication of the increases in shooting as a function of the distance (simplified configuration), or a liquid crystal display generating a reticle addressable in site and in deposit by a computer in function of the various firing parameters: distance, type of ammunition, altitude, wind, temperature etc ... (modern configuration).
  • the beam is then reflected towards a rhombohedron 24 by the reflecting face of a prism 25.
  • the rhombohedron 24 is a projection system making it possible to superimpose in the two modules 4 and 5, the image of the reticle 21 and that of the landscape coming from the mirror 10.
  • the advantage of this structure is that it generates axes parallel to each other.
  • This rhombohedron consists of two faces 26 and 27 which are mutually parallel and transparent in the visible.
  • the face 26 reflects part of the light beam emitted by the diode 20 towards the night module 5 and transmits the other part towards the blade 27.
  • the face 27 totally reflects the beam 23 received towards the day module 4.
  • FIG 3 there is shown the path of the beam 14a materializing the laser telemetry reticle 12 described more fully below.
  • This beam coming from the day module 4 is totally reflected by the face 27 towards the face 26.
  • a cube corner 16 is used, the transparent base of which is placed in the vicinity of the first face 26, 45 ° to it.
  • the beam 14a is partially reflected by the face 26 towards the cube corner 16 and after a double reflection therein penetrates into the night module 5 after transmission by the face 26.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section showing the structure of the night module 5. It includes a lens 29, a deflection mirror 30, a light intensifier tube 31 and an eyepiece 32.
  • FIG 5 there is shown by way of illustration the telescope 35 fixed to the turret 36 via the fixing surface 41 shown in Figure 1. Only the head module 1 is visible, the other modules being fixed as indicated above to this head module inside the turret 36.
  • This turret carries a barrel 37 delimiting a firing axis 38.
  • the barrel is movable in elevation around the axis 39 of the trunnions 40.
  • the optical axes of sight and laser telemetry of the telescope are of course harmonized in a conventional manner with the firing axis 38 of the gun.
  • the shooting function is carried out by harmonizing the line of sight with the axis of the gun (in nominal position, they must be converging at a point in the landscape). An angular offset is then made in elevation and in bearing taking into account the ballistics of the ammunition and the various external parameters.
  • the materialization of the aiming axis 23 using the aiming reticle 21 is achieved by superimposing the image of this reticle on that of the target using a projection optic (at infinity), integral with the separation module 3.
  • the correction of the shot is carried out either by superimposing the target on the different horizontal lines of the micrometer corresponding to the increases in shot, or by pointing the target using a reticle addressable by the computer.
  • This architecture makes it possible to overcome the fidelity of assembly / disassembly, and the positioning of modules 4 to 9.
  • the modularity function is then fully achieved without the constraint of harmonization with each change of lower modules.
  • Another aspect of the shooting function is the harmonization of an aiming axis with the laser emission-reception channels.
  • the laser function being supplied at the customer's request, it appears as an option on the day module 4.
  • the laser reticle 12 is integrated into the image plane of the day channel as explained in relation to FIGS. 2 and 3 in order to present a some consistency of harmonization.
  • the harmonization of the laser sighting direction with its emission and reception is then carried out in the factory and remains constant regardless of the successive assemblies and disassemblies.
  • the difficulty lies in achieving an observable line of sight in the night channel and parallel to the laser emission and reception, these two elements each being associated with different modules having a relatively rigorous relative positioning (assembly / disassembly) .
  • the laser sighting direction defined by the objective 15 and its image plane provided with a micrometer 12 in the module 4 are used, as explained in relation to FIG. 2.
  • This micrometer 12 engraved is provided with lighting on the edge to improve the contrast when pointing on a dark surface.
  • the overall architecture of the system makes it possible to recover the small amount of light reflected in the engravings optimized for this purpose. Projection into the night channel is then possible by adding the cube corner 16.
  • This projection of the laser reticle 12 having a very low light intensity is entirely usable when using a light intensification module, having a very high sensitivity.
  • This type of editing requires the user to resimble after each disassembly of the video assembly, which is acceptable for an instruction mode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Episkopzielfernrohr, das für die Beobachtung und zum Schießen bei Tag und Nacht einsetzbar und auf ein mit einem Geschütz ausgestattetes Fahrzeug montiert ist, bestehend aus einem Kopfmodul (1), das einen Kopfspiegel (10) enthält, wobei das erwähnte Modul auf dem Fahrzeugrahmen befestigt ist; dieses Zielfernrohr ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein Trennmodul (3) der Tag- und Nachtbahnen aufweist, das mit dem Kopfmodul (1) verbunden ist und die Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Fadenkreuzes (21) in den Tag- und Nachtbahnen sowie einen Satz austauschbarer, funktionaler Module für die optischen Elemente enthält, bestehend vor allem aus einem mit dem Trennmodul (3) verbundenen Modul (4) für die Tagvision, einem mit dem Trennmodul (3) verbundenen Modul (5) für die Nachtvision, einem Telemetrie-Modul (6), dessen Emissionsstrahl über das Tagmodul (4) und die Tagseite des Trennmoduls auf den Spiegel (10) gerichtet ist, sowie einem mit einem Schußsteuergerät (8) verbundenen elektronischen Schaltkasten.
  2. Episkopzielfernrohr gemäß Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Erzeugung des Fadenkreuzes (21) einen Kollimator (20, 22) zur Projektion dieses Fadenkreuzes sowie ein Rhomboeder (24) enthalten, um dieses Fadenkreuz in die Tag- und Nachtmodule einzugeben.
  3. Episkopzielfernrohr gemäß Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kollimator (20, 22) eine Diode (20) enthält, die das auf den Standort und nach Peilwinkel auf die Schußachse abgestimmte Fadenkreuz (21) bei der Übertragung beleuchtet.
  4. Episkopzielfernrohr gemäß Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rhomboeder (24) zwei bearbeitete Seiten (26, 27) aufweist, die vor dem Tag- und Nachtmodul angebracht sind, wobei die Vorderseite (26) einen Teil des von der Diode (20) ausgehenden Strahls zum Nachtmodul reflektiert und den Rest des Strahls auf die Rückseite (27) überträgt, die den empfangenen Strahl zum Tagmodul (4) reflektiert.
  5. Episkopzielfernrohr gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein von einem Aufsatzmodul (22) gebildeter Paßsteg zwischen das Kopfmodul (10) und das Trennmodul (3) gesteckt wird.
  6. Episkopzielfernrohr gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Tagmodul (4) optische Mittel enthält, wobei es sich vor allem 13 um ein Objektiv (15) und ein Okular (33) handelt, die in der Lage sind, zusammen mit dem Kopfspiegel (10) das Bild der Außenlandschaft für den Beobachter zu übertragen.
  7. Episkopzielfernrohr gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Nachtmodul optische Mittel enthält, wobei es sich vor allem um ein Objektiv (29), eine Röhre (31) für die Lichtverstärkung und ein Okular (32) handelt, die in der Lage sind, bei Nacht das Bild der Außenlandschaft für den Beobachter zu übertragen.
  8. Episkopzielfernrohr gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Modul für die Laser-Telemetrie (6) am Modul für Tagvision (4) befestigt ist, wobei ein Fadenkreuz (12) der Laser-Telemetrie in das Tagmodul (4) integriert und auf die Laseremissions- und Rezeptionsstrahlen abgestimmt ist.
  9. Episkopzielfernrohr gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein dichroitischer Würfel (17) vor dem Laser-Fadenkreuz (12) im Tagmodul (4) angebracht wird, um den Laserrezeptionsstrahl auf das Telemetrie-Modul (6) zu reflektieren und die sichtbare Strahlung zum Okular (33) des Tagmoduls (4) zu übertragen.
  10. Episkopzielfernrohr gemäß Patentanspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Fadenkreuz (12) des Telemetriemoduls (6) mit Hilfe des Rhomboeders (24) und einer Würfelecke (16), deren Basis in einem Winkel von 45° in der Nähe der Vorderseite (26) des Rhomboeders (24) angebracht wird, in das Nachtmodul (5) eingegeben wird.
EP90403680A 1989-12-20 1990-12-19 Teilbares und rekonfigurierbares Episkophauptzielfernrohr Expired - Lifetime EP0441079B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8916888A FR2656079B1 (fr) 1989-12-20 1989-12-20 Lunette episcopique modulable et reconfigurable.
FR8916888 1989-12-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0441079A2 EP0441079A2 (de) 1991-08-14
EP0441079A3 EP0441079A3 (de) 1991-08-21
EP0441079B1 true EP0441079B1 (de) 1993-08-18

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EP90403680A Expired - Lifetime EP0441079B1 (de) 1989-12-20 1990-12-19 Teilbares und rekonfigurierbares Episkophauptzielfernrohr

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US (2) US5204489A (de)
EP (1) EP0441079B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69002824T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2656079B1 (de)

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DE3329589C2 (de) * 1983-08-16 1985-10-03 Eltro GmbH, Gesellschaft für Strahlungstechnik, 6900 Heidelberg Aus Lasersender, Tagkanal und Wärmebildkanal bestehende Geräteanordnung
FR2566109B1 (fr) * 1984-06-15 1991-08-30 Sfim Ensemble de visee optique, de designation et de poursuite d'objectif
DE3632923A1 (de) * 1986-09-27 1988-03-31 Zeiss Carl Fa Sichtgeraete in modulbauweise fuer kampfwagen
US4822994A (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-04-18 Itt Electro Optical Products A Division Of Itt Corporation Small arms sight for use during daylight and nighttime conditions
EP0345408A1 (de) * 1988-06-10 1989-12-13 Norma Messtechnik, Optik, Elektronik Gmbh Optoelektronische Visier-, Ziel-, Mess- und Steuereinrichtung
IL87305A0 (en) * 1988-08-02 1989-09-10 Israel Aircraft Ind Ltd Periscopic sight

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5339720A (en) 1994-08-23
EP0441079A3 (de) 1991-08-21
US5204489A (en) 1993-04-20
DE69002824D1 (de) 1993-09-23
DE69002824T2 (de) 1993-12-09
EP0441079A2 (de) 1991-08-14
FR2656079B1 (fr) 1994-05-06
FR2656079A1 (fr) 1991-06-21

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