EP0441077A1 - Method for making piles cast in the ground and forming tube to be used in said method - Google Patents

Method for making piles cast in the ground and forming tube to be used in said method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0441077A1
EP0441077A1 EP90403596A EP90403596A EP0441077A1 EP 0441077 A1 EP0441077 A1 EP 0441077A1 EP 90403596 A EP90403596 A EP 90403596A EP 90403596 A EP90403596 A EP 90403596A EP 0441077 A1 EP0441077 A1 EP 0441077A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
injection
impression
shoe
pile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90403596A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yves Legendre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Entreprises Morillon Corvol Courbot SA
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Entreprises Morillon Corvol Courbot SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Entreprises Morillon Corvol Courbot SA filed Critical Entreprises Morillon Corvol Courbot SA
Publication of EP0441077A1 publication Critical patent/EP0441077A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E02D5/385—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with removal of the outer mould-pipes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/04—Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/62—Compacting the soil at the footing or in or along a casing by forcing cement or like material through tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production of piles molded in the ground, both the production method and the molded piles thus obtained.
  • the invention is particularly well suited to soft soils for which drilling techniques other than the continuous hollow auger, necessary to preserve the integrity of the molded pile, are difficult to implement and, consequently, expensive. Indeed, soft floors most often require either a pre-consolidation of the floor, for example by injection of grout, or the installation of a liner, for example a lost tube, to avoid the collapse of the walls. Furthermore, the dimensions of the molded piles produced by the continuous hollow auger technique are dependent on the maximum torque available at the drilling tool and practically limited to a length of 20 meters and a diameter of 1.2 meters.
  • the concrete is injected from an injection head located at the top of a cone-shaped shoe.
  • an injection head located at the top of a cone-shaped shoe.
  • Such an arrangement in which the injection head opens at the interface between the impression tube and the mass of concrete already in place causes an irregular distribution of the supply of concrete under pressure from the center to the periphery of the pile. This results in a non-negligible risk of necking for the pile by reducing its diametral section, a risk all the higher for molding piles in soft soils and especially when using thick concrete.
  • the invention proposes a new method for producing a molded pile, particularly well suited to soft soils and in particular capable of reducing the risks of necking, of easy and rapid implementation, and advantageously usable for making piles of large dimension both in length than in diameter.
  • the method is characterized in that the injection under pressure is carried out through the shoe from an extendable lance in clearance from the shoe at a distance from the latter.
  • the concrete supply is injected directly into the heart of the mass of concrete in place, for example at a distance of between 1 and 2 meters from the shoe / concrete in place interface.
  • the impression tube is raised simultaneously with concrete injection in a progressive manner with continuous control of the injection parameters, in particular to maintain a concreting pressure at the level of the shoe.
  • the invention also relates to a pile molded in the ground and produced according to any one of the variants of the method presented above.
  • the invention relates to a metal impression tube which can be used during the implementation of the method presented above. More particularly, the impression tube comprises a metal tube closed at the bottom by a shoe, an injection pipe connected to at least one injection head disposed at the free end of an extendable injection lance projecting through hoof in release and distance from the latter.
  • the injection lance preferably of the telescopic type, is extensible parallel to the axis of the tube by actuation means, for example of the hydraulic cylinder type, secured to the tube.
  • the injection head is positioned on the central axis of the impression tube.
  • it has lateral openings distributed regularly around its periphery. This ensures a uniform filling of the injection cavity formed by the impression tube during its ascent.
  • the injection head is retractable in a housing provided in the shoe so as to ensure its protection during the operation of driving the tube.
  • the shoe extends in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tube and preferably is produced by a thick sheet welded to the foot of the latter.
  • the impression tube 10 illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1 mainly consists of an external tube 11 made of steel resistant to sinking and / or beating. This outer tube 11 is closed at the bottom by a shoe 12 extending in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tube and made of thick sheet metal welded to the lower end of the tube (if we consider Figure 1).
  • the diameter of the impression tube 10, for example 1 meter, is substantially equal to that of the molded pile to be produced.
  • the impression tube 10 has a length of 30 meters.
  • An injection pipe 14 is arranged coaxially with the tube inside the latter and is held in place by a set of spacers 16 and 18 welded to the internal wall of the tube 11.
  • the pipe 14, called concreting has a diameter (for example 10 cm) suitable for the passage of any setting mixture such as conventional pile concrete or concrete with metallic fibers.
  • the spacer 18 also serves to hold in place an annular jack 20, hydraulically controlled from a connection line 22, and capable of actuating in linear extension or retraction along the axis XX 'of the tube 11 a lance d extendable injection 24 extending the pipe 14 and of slightly smaller diameter than that of the pipe 14.
  • the extendable lance 24 of the telescopic type is terminated by an injection head 26 which, in its retracted position (illustrated in FIG. 1), is retracted into an additional protective housing 28 provided in the shoe.
  • the head has a frustoconical shape with point directed upwards in FIG. 1 to thereby achieve an axial abutment cooperation with the shoe 12. This arrangement allows good protection of the injection head and transmission of axial forces on the shoe 12 during the operation of driving the impression tube 10 into the ground.
  • the head 26 (26a) is moreover provided with lateral orifices 30 (30a) distributed regularly at its periphery.
  • the injection lance 24 is moved by the piston of the jack in the axial extension position in which its free end carrying the head 26a projects through the shoe 12 in clearance from the latter up to an adjustable distance of between 1 and 2 meters from the shoe (the position 26a of the head and the annular piston of the jack 20 are illustrated in dotted lines in FIG. 1). It is thus possible to inject under the foot of the tube beyond the shoe the grip mixture.
  • the annular cylinder is replaced by several cylinders mounted in parallel.
  • the means for actuating the lance are of the elastic type with axial extension and disposed between a fixed stop fixed to the tube and a mobile stop fixed to the lance, for example made up of a stack of Belleville washers mounted at the head - spade, compressed during the sinking of the tube and expandable during the ascent of the latter.
  • the jack (s) and the telescopic lance are capable of being controlled in an intermediate position between the retracted position and a position of maximum axial extension to control the distance of the injection head from the shoe (in particular at during the injection) depending on the conditions of production of the molded pile, for example the types of soil and / or concrete used, the diameter of the pile, etc.
  • the shape and the mounting through the shoe of the injection head are modified to adapt to the pile model to be produced and to the type of ground intended to receive the stake.
  • Some tubes are equipped with a plurality of expandable lances with separate injection heads.
  • the injection heads are preferably arranged in axial symmetry with respect to the axis XX 'of the tube (this symmetry incorporating the possible case of an injection head on the axis of the tube).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the various stages of implementation of the method according to the invention. More precisely, FIG. 2a shows the impression tube 10 during sinking into the ground S. Sinking is carried out by any conventional means adapted to the characteristics of the soil in which the pile is to be produced, in particular a vibro-sinking device or of threshing. By way of nonlimiting example, the tube 10 is dark using a vibratory driving head suitably secured to the head of the impression tube 10.
  • the movable assembly formed of the tube 10 and the vibro-driving head 32 is on the one hand erected and held vertically, on the other hand implemented using an appropriate apparatus, not shown, comprising inter alia a guide mast with winch or mobile crane and a hydraulic pressure generator group.
  • an appropriate apparatus not shown, comprising inter alia a guide mast with winch or mobile crane and a hydraulic pressure generator group.
  • the invention is capable of being implemented both on land (case illustrated in FIG. 2) and in an aquatic environment (marine or river) from a barge or a platform. form.
  • Figure 2b shows the position of the impression tube 10 in the ground at the end of driving. It can be noted that during the entire sinking operation, the injection head is in the "protective" position retracted in the shoe 12. It it should be noted that the sinking of the tube 10 closed at the bottom compacts the ground at a point and along the walls of the housing 33 of the pile.
  • the injection lance is gradually extended and the outlet of the injection head by pressurizing the hydraulic cylinder 20.
  • the concrete 34 is injected under pressure through the orifices 30 from the head 26 into the mass of concrete already in place according to the arrows shown in FIG. 2c to occupy the cavity formed in the ground by the simultaneous ascent of the impression tube 10 (the extraction of the tube 10 being carried out with the help of the vibrating head 32).
  • the position of the injection head released from the shoe allows a regular compactness of the concrete and a good interpenetration of the latter with the walls of the housing 33.
  • the injection proper is carried out gradually relative to the ascent rate of the impression tube with continuous control of injection parameters such as injection pressure and volume of concrete injected as a function of the rise in the dark tube. This makes it possible in particular to maintain a concreting pressure at the level of the shoe, for example of the order of 7 bars (for a much higher injection pressure at the outlet of the concrete pump taking into account the pressure drops in line 14) .
  • the impression tube 10 is completely extracted from the soil ready to be reused.
  • a metal reinforcement cage (not shown) is then vibrated into the freshly molded concrete pile.
  • the invention is not limited to piles with a circular section but can be used to make piles with a polygonal section, for example square, according to the corresponding shape adopted during the manufacture of the impression tube 10.

Abstract

The method comprising the following operations: - driving into the ground of a metal tube (10) closed at the foot by a foot plate (12) in order to form the impression of the pile to be cast, - injection of concrete under pressure under the foot of the forming tube (10) while raising the latter in order to carry out the casting of the pile, is characterised in that the injection under pressure is carried out through the foot plate, from an extensible lance clearing the foot plate some distance from the latter. The invention also concerns the piles cast in the ground by the above method and a forming tube device (10) for implementing this method. The forming tube (10) is provided with a telescopic extensible injection lance (24) carrying an injection head (26/26a) protruding through the foot plate (12) <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne la réalisation de pieux moulés dans le sol, tant le procédé de réalisation que les pieux moulés ainsi obtenus.The invention relates to the production of piles molded in the ground, both the production method and the molded piles thus obtained.

L'invention est particulièrement bien adaptée aux sols mous pour lesquels les techniques de forage autres que la tarière creuse continue, nécessaires pour préserver l'intégrité du pieu moulé, sont délicates à mettre en oeuvre et, en conséquence, onéreuses. En effet, les sols mous nécessitent le plus souvent soit une pré-consolidation du sol, par exemple par injection de coulis, soit la pose d'un chemisage, par exemple un tube perdu, pour éviter l'effondrement des parois. Par ailleurs, les dimensions des pieux moulés réalisés par la technique de la tarière creuse continue sont dépendantes du couple maximal disponible au niveau de l'outil de forage et pratiquement limitées à une longueur de 20 mètres et à un diamètre de 1,2 mètre.The invention is particularly well suited to soft soils for which drilling techniques other than the continuous hollow auger, necessary to preserve the integrity of the molded pile, are difficult to implement and, consequently, expensive. Indeed, soft floors most often require either a pre-consolidation of the floor, for example by injection of grout, or the installation of a liner, for example a lost tube, to avoid the collapse of the walls. Furthermore, the dimensions of the molded piles produced by the continuous hollow auger technique are dependent on the maximum torque available at the drilling tool and practically limited to a length of 20 meters and a diameter of 1.2 meters.

On connaît de la demande de brevet DE-A-3.612.437 un procédé de moulage de pieu comportant les opérations suivantes:

  • fonçage dans le sol S d'un tube métallique, fermé en pied par un sabot, pour réaliser l'empreinte du pieu à mouler,
  • injection sous pression d'un mélange de prise, par exemple de béton, sous le pied du tube avec remontée du tube-empreinte pour réaliser le moulage du pieu,
DE-A-3,612,437 discloses a pile molding process comprising the following operations:
  • sinking into the ground S of a metal tube, closed at the bottom by a shoe, to make the impression of the pile to be molded,
  • injection under pressure of a setting mixture, for example of concrete, under the foot of the tube with raising of the impression tube to carry out the molding of the pile,

Selon le mode de mise en oeuvre de ce procédé connu, le béton est injecté à partir d'une tête d'injection située au sommet d'un sabot en forme de cône. Un tel agencement dans lequel la tête d'injection débouche à l'interface entre le tube-empreinte et la masse de béton déjà en place entraîne une distribution irrégulière de l'apport de béton sous pression à partir du centre vers la périphérie du pieu. Il en résulte un risque non négligeable de striction pour le pieu par réduction de sa section diamétrale, risque d'autant plus élevé pour des moulages de pieux dans des sols mous et tout particulièrement en cas d'utilisation de béton épais.According to the embodiment of this known process, the concrete is injected from an injection head located at the top of a cone-shaped shoe. Such an arrangement in which the injection head opens at the interface between the impression tube and the mass of concrete already in place causes an irregular distribution of the supply of concrete under pressure from the center to the periphery of the pile. This results in a non-negligible risk of necking for the pile by reducing its diametral section, a risk all the higher for molding piles in soft soils and especially when using thick concrete.

L'invention propose un nouveau procédé de réalisation d'un pieu moulé, particulièrement bien adapté aux sols mous et notamment susceptible de réduire les risques de striction, de mise en oeuvre aisée et rapide, et utilisable avantageusement pour réaliser des pieux de grande dimension tant en longueur qu'en diamètre.The invention proposes a new method for producing a molded pile, particularly well suited to soft soils and in particular capable of reducing the risks of necking, of easy and rapid implementation, and advantageously usable for making piles of large dimension both in length than in diameter.

Selon l'invention, le procédé est caractérisé en ce que l'injection sous pression est réalisée au travers du sabot à partir d'une lance extensible en dégagement du sabot à distance de ce dernier. Ainsi donc l'apport de béton est injecté directement au coeur de la masse de béton en place, par exemple à une distance comprise entre 1 et 2 mètres de l'interface sabot/béton en place. Ceci permet une répartition homogène et sensiblement uniforme du béton sous pression vers les parois du logement du pieu (évitant un effondrement de ces dernières). Avantageusement le tube-empreinte est remonté simultanément à l'injection de béton de façon progressive avec contrôle continu des paramètres d'injection, notamment pour maintenir une pression de bétonnage au niveau du sabot.According to the invention, the method is characterized in that the injection under pressure is carried out through the shoe from an extendable lance in clearance from the shoe at a distance from the latter. Thus the concrete supply is injected directly into the heart of the mass of concrete in place, for example at a distance of between 1 and 2 meters from the shoe / concrete in place interface. This allows a homogeneous and substantially uniform distribution of the concrete under pressure towards the walls of the pile housing (preventing them from collapsing). Advantageously, the impression tube is raised simultaneously with concrete injection in a progressive manner with continuous control of the injection parameters, in particular to maintain a concreting pressure at the level of the shoe.

Parmi les avantages techniques conférés par le procédé de l'invention, il faut noter :

  • la garantie de la longueur et de l'intégrité du pieu; En particulier la technique du moulage sous pression sous le pied du tube-empreinte au delà du sabot écarte les risques de striction au moulage en particulier les risques liés à la remontée prématurée du sabot. Par ailleurs le contrôle de l'injection s'effectue aisément à partir de la pression d'injection et du volume de béton injecté. Enfin, l'effort résultant de la pression de bétonnage assure également une bonne compacité au béton mis en place.
  • la possibilité de mouler des pieux de grande dimensions en longueur et en diamètre.
  • l'absence de déblais de forage et le pré-compactage des parois du logement du pieu et la densification du terrain autour du futur pieu lors de l'opération de fonçage; Cette densification est parfaite par le refoulement progressif de ce même terrain à la périphérie du pieu avec pénétration d'un apport limité de béton dans le sol à partir de la masse de béton déjà en place lors de l'opération d'injection sous pression proprement dite. L'interpénétration béton/sol au niveau de la paroi s'en trouve améliorée. Il en résulte une amélioration sensible des caractéristiques de frottement latéral (+20%) et de pointe (+30%) du pieu par rapport aux pieux moulés par le technique de la tarière creuse continue.
  • la récupération du tube-empreinte de métal dans son intégralité et la possibilité de réutilisation.
Among the technical advantages conferred by the process of the invention, it should be noted:
  • ensuring the length and integrity of the stake; In particular the technique of die casting under the foot of the impression tube beyond the shoe eliminates the risks of necking in molding in particular the risks linked to the premature raising of the shoe. In addition, injection control is easily carried out from the injection pressure and the volume of concrete injected. Finally, the effort resulting from the concreting pressure also ensures good compactness of the concrete placed.
  • the possibility of molding piles of large dimensions in length and in diameter.
  • the absence of drill cuttings and the precompaction of the walls of the pile housing and the densification of the ground around the future pile during the sinking operation; This densification is perfect by the progressive repression of this same ground at the periphery of the pile with penetration of a limited supply of concrete into the ground from the mass of concrete already in place during the injection operation under pressure properly said. The concrete / soil interpenetration at the level of the wall is improved. This results in a significant improvement in the lateral (+ 20%) and peak (+ 30%) friction characteristics of the pile compared to piles molded by the continuous hollow auger technique.
  • recovery of the entire metal impression tube and the possibility of reuse.

L'invention concerne également un pieu moulé dans le sol et réalisé selon l'une quelconques des variantes du procédé présenté ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a pile molded in the ground and produced according to any one of the variants of the method presented above.

L'invention concerne, enfin, un tube-empreinte de métal utilisable lors de la mise en oeuvre du procédé présenté ci-dessus. Plus particulièrement, le tube-empreinte comporte un tube métallique fermé en pied par un sabot, une conduite d'injection reliée à au moins une tête d'injection disposée à l'extrémité libre d'une lance d'injection extensible se projetant au travers du sabot en dégagement et à distance de ce dernier.Finally, the invention relates to a metal impression tube which can be used during the implementation of the method presented above. More particularly, the impression tube comprises a metal tube closed at the bottom by a shoe, an injection pipe connected to at least one injection head disposed at the free end of an extendable injection lance projecting through hoof in release and distance from the latter.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, la lance d'injection, de préférence de type télescopique, est extensible parallèlement à l'axe du tube par des moyens d'actionnement, par exemple du type vérin hydraulique, solidarisés au tube.According to a first embodiment, the injection lance, preferably of the telescopic type, is extensible parallel to the axis of the tube by actuation means, for example of the hydraulic cylinder type, secured to the tube.

Selon une variante de réalisation du tube-empreinte, la tête d'injection est positionnée sur l'axe central du tube-empreinte. Avantageusement, elle comporte des ouvertures latérales réparties régulièrement à sa périphérie. Ceci assure un remplissage homogène de la cavité d'injection ménagée par le tube-empreinte lors de sa remontée.According to an alternative embodiment of the impression tube, the injection head is positioned on the central axis of the impression tube. Advantageously, it has lateral openings distributed regularly around its periphery. This ensures a uniform filling of the injection cavity formed by the impression tube during its ascent.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier du tube-empreinte, la tête d'injection est escamotable dans un logement prévu dans le sabot de façon à assurer sa protection lors de l'opération de fonçage du tube.According to a particular embodiment of the impression tube, the injection head is retractable in a housing provided in the shoe so as to ensure its protection during the operation of driving the tube.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation particulier du tube-empreinte, le sabot s'étend dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du tube et de préférence est réalisé par une tôle épaisse soudée au pied de ce dernier.According to yet another particular embodiment of the impression tube, the shoe extends in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tube and preferably is produced by a thick sheet welded to the foot of the latter.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description ci-après qui se réfère aux dessins dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 montre une représentation schématique en coupe axiale longitudinale d'un tube-empreinte conforme à l'invention, et
  • la figure 2 montre une représentation schématique des diverses étapes de la mise en oeuvre du procédé pour la réalisation d'un pieu moulé dans le sol selon l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear in the description below which refers to the drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation in longitudinal axial section of an impression tube according to the invention, and
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the various stages of the implementation of the method for producing a pile molded in the ground according to the invention.

Le tube-empreinte 10 illustré schématiquement à la figure 1 est constitué principalement d'un tube externe 11 en acier résistant au fonçage et/ou au battage. Ce tube externe 11 est fermé en pied par un sabot 12 s'étendant dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du tube et réalisé en tôle épaisse soudée à l'extrémité inférieure du tube (si l'on considère la figure 1). Le diamètre du tube-empreinte 10, par exemple 1 mètre, est sensiblement égal à celui du pieu moulé à réaliser. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, le tube-empreinte 10 a une longueur de 30 mètres.The impression tube 10 illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1 mainly consists of an external tube 11 made of steel resistant to sinking and / or beating. This outer tube 11 is closed at the bottom by a shoe 12 extending in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tube and made of thick sheet metal welded to the lower end of the tube (if we consider Figure 1). The diameter of the impression tube 10, for example 1 meter, is substantially equal to that of the molded pile to be produced. By way of nonlimiting example, the impression tube 10 has a length of 30 meters.

Une conduite d'injection 14 est disposée de façon coaxiale au tube à l'intérieur de celui-ci et est maintenue en place par un jeu d'entretoises 16 et 18 soudées sur la paroi interne du tube 11. La conduite 14, dite de bétonnage, présente un diamètre (par exemple 10 cm) adapté au passage de tout mélange de prise tel qu'un béton de pieu classique ou un béton à fibres métalliques.An injection pipe 14 is arranged coaxially with the tube inside the latter and is held in place by a set of spacers 16 and 18 welded to the internal wall of the tube 11. The pipe 14, called concreting, has a diameter (for example 10 cm) suitable for the passage of any setting mixture such as conventional pile concrete or concrete with metallic fibers.

L'entretoise 18 sert également à maintenir en place un vérin annulaire 20, commandé hydrauliquement à partir d'une ligne de raccordement 22, et susceptible d'actionner en extension ou en rétraction linéaire selon l'axe XX' du tube 11 une lance d'injection 24 extensible prolongeant la conduite 14 et de diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui de cette conduite 14. La lance extensible 24 de type télescopique est terminée par une tête d'injection 26 qui, dans sa position rétractée (illustrée sur la figure 1), est escamotée dans un logement complémentaire de protection 28 prévu dans le sabot. Dans le cas ici décrit à titre d'exemple non limitatif, la tête présente une forme tronconique à pointe dirigée vers le haut de la figure 1 pour réaliser ainsi une coopération de butée axiale avec le sabot 12. Cet agencement permet une bonne protection de la tête d'injection et une transmission des efforts axiaux au sabot 12 lors de l'opération de fonçage du tube-empreinte 10 dans le sol. La tête 26 (26a) est, par ailleurs, pourvue d'orifices latéraux 30 (30a) répartis régulièrement à sa périphérie.The spacer 18 also serves to hold in place an annular jack 20, hydraulically controlled from a connection line 22, and capable of actuating in linear extension or retraction along the axis XX 'of the tube 11 a lance d extendable injection 24 extending the pipe 14 and of slightly smaller diameter than that of the pipe 14. The extendable lance 24 of the telescopic type is terminated by an injection head 26 which, in its retracted position (illustrated in FIG. 1), is retracted into an additional protective housing 28 provided in the shoe. In the case described here by way of nonlimiting example, the head has a frustoconical shape with point directed upwards in FIG. 1 to thereby achieve an axial abutment cooperation with the shoe 12. This arrangement allows good protection of the injection head and transmission of axial forces on the shoe 12 during the operation of driving the impression tube 10 into the ground. The head 26 (26a) is moreover provided with lateral orifices 30 (30a) distributed regularly at its periphery.

Sous l'action de la pression hydraulique dans la chambre du vérin annulaire 20, la lance d'injection 24 est déplacée par le piston du vérin en position d'extension axiale dans laquelle son extrémité libre portant la tête 26a se projette au travers du sabot 12 en dégagement de celui-ci jusqu'à une distance réglable comprise entre 1 et 2 mètres du sabot (la position 26a de la tête et le piston annulaire du vérin 20 sont illustrés en pointillé sur la figure 1). Il est ainsi possible d'injecter sous le pied du tube au delà du sabot le mélange de prise.Under the action of hydraulic pressure in the chamber of the annular jack 20, the injection lance 24 is moved by the piston of the jack in the axial extension position in which its free end carrying the head 26a projects through the shoe 12 in clearance from the latter up to an adjustable distance of between 1 and 2 meters from the shoe (the position 26a of the head and the annular piston of the jack 20 are illustrated in dotted lines in FIG. 1). It is thus possible to inject under the foot of the tube beyond the shoe the grip mixture.

Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, d'autres moyens d'actionnement de la lance d'injection sont utilisés dans des variantes non représentées. Dans une première variante, le vérin annulaire est remplacé par plusieurs vérins montés en parallèle. Dans une seconde variante, les moyens d'actionnement de la lance sont de type élastique à extension axiale et disposés entre une butée fixe solidaire du tube et une butée mobile solidaire de la lance, par exemple constitués d'un empilement de rondelles Belleville montées tête-bêche, comprimées lors du fonçage du tube et expansibles lors de la remontée de ce dernier. Dans une autre variante le ou les vérins et la lance télescopique sont susceptibles d'être commandés en position intermédiaire entre la position rétractée et une position d'extension axiale maximale pour contrôler la distance de la tête d'injection par rapport au sabot (notamment au cours de l'injection) selon les conditions de réalisation du pieu moulé, par exemple les types de sols et/ou de bétons utilisés, le diamètre du pieu, etc..Without departing from the scope of the invention, other means for actuating the injection lance are used in variants not shown. In a first variant, the annular cylinder is replaced by several cylinders mounted in parallel. In a second variant, the means for actuating the lance are of the elastic type with axial extension and disposed between a fixed stop fixed to the tube and a mobile stop fixed to the lance, for example made up of a stack of Belleville washers mounted at the head - spade, compressed during the sinking of the tube and expandable during the ascent of the latter. In another variant, the jack (s) and the telescopic lance are capable of being controlled in an intermediate position between the retracted position and a position of maximum axial extension to control the distance of the injection head from the shoe (in particular at during the injection) depending on the conditions of production of the molded pile, for example the types of soil and / or concrete used, the diameter of the pile, etc.

Dans encore d'autres variantes du tube-empreinte selon l'invention, la forme et le montage au travers du sabot de la tête d'injection sont modifiés pour s'adapter au modèle de pieu à réaliser et au type de terrain destiné à recevoir le pieu. Certains tubes sont équipés d'une pluralité de lances extensibles avec des têtes d'injection séparées. Dans ce dernier cas, les têtes d'injection sont de préférence disposées en symétrie axiale par rapport à l'axe XX' du tube (cette symétrie incorporant le cas éventuel d'une tête d'injection sur l'axe du tube).In still other variants of the impression tube according to the invention, the shape and the mounting through the shoe of the injection head are modified to adapt to the pile model to be produced and to the type of ground intended to receive the stake. Some tubes are equipped with a plurality of expandable lances with separate injection heads. In the latter case, the injection heads are preferably arranged in axial symmetry with respect to the axis XX 'of the tube (this symmetry incorporating the possible case of an injection head on the axis of the tube).

La figure 2 illustre les diverses étapes de mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention. Plus précisément, la figure 2a montre le tube-empreinte 10 en cours de fonçage dans le sol S. Le fonçage est réalisé par tout moyen classique adapté aux caractéristiques du sol dans lequel le pieu doit être réalisé, notamment un dispositif de vibro-fonçage ou de battage. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, le tube 10 est foncé à l'aide d'une tête de vibro-fonçage convenablement solidarisée à la tête du tube-empreinte 10. D'une façon classique dans le domaine du fonçage ou battage de pieu, l'équipage mobile formé du tube 10 et de la tête vibro-fonçage 32 est d'une part érigé et maintenu verticalement, d'autre part mis en oeuvre à l'aide d'un appareillage approprié, non représenté, comportant entre autres un mât de guidage avec treuil ou une grue mobile et un groupe générateur de pression hydraulique. Il est à noter que l'invention est susceptible d'être mise en oeuvre aussi bien à terre (cas illustré sur la figure 2) qu'en milieu aquatique (marin ou fluvial) à partir d'une barge ou d'une plate-forme.FIG. 2 illustrates the various stages of implementation of the method according to the invention. More precisely, FIG. 2a shows the impression tube 10 during sinking into the ground S. Sinking is carried out by any conventional means adapted to the characteristics of the soil in which the pile is to be produced, in particular a vibro-sinking device or of threshing. By way of nonlimiting example, the tube 10 is dark using a vibratory driving head suitably secured to the head of the impression tube 10. In a conventional manner in the field of driving or pile driving , the movable assembly formed of the tube 10 and the vibro-driving head 32 is on the one hand erected and held vertically, on the other hand implemented using an appropriate apparatus, not shown, comprising inter alia a guide mast with winch or mobile crane and a hydraulic pressure generator group. It should be noted that the invention is capable of being implemented both on land (case illustrated in FIG. 2) and in an aquatic environment (marine or river) from a barge or a platform. form.

La figure 2b montre la position du tube-empreinte 10 dans le sol en fin de fonçage. On peut remarquer que pendant toute l'opération de fonçage, la tête d'injection est en position "de protection" rétractée dans le sabot 12. Il est à noter que le fonçage du tube 10 fermé en pied effectue un compactage du terrain en pointe et le long des parois du logement 33 du pieu.Figure 2b shows the position of the impression tube 10 in the ground at the end of driving. It can be noted that during the entire sinking operation, the injection head is in the "protective" position retracted in the shoe 12. It it should be noted that the sinking of the tube 10 closed at the bottom compacts the ground at a point and along the walls of the housing 33 of the pile.

Après avoir procédé au branchement de l'extrémité libre de la conduite d'injection 14 à la sortie d'une pompe à béton (non représentée), on procède à la mise en extension progressive de la lance d'injection et à la sortie de la tête d'injection par mise en pression du vérin hydraulique 20. Pour ce faire, il est en général nécessaire, selon la consistance du sol au pied de tube, de commencer à remonter légèrement le tube-empreinte pour permettre l'extension de la lance d'injection télescopique et le début de l'opération d'injection de bétonnage (voir la figure 2c). Le béton 34 est injecté sous pression par les orifices 30 à partir de la tête 26 dans la masse de béton déjà en place selon les flèches représentées à la figure 2c pour occuper la cavité ménagée dans le sol par la remontée simultanée du tube-empreinte 10 (l'extraction du tube 10 étant réalisé avec l'aide de la tête vibrante 32). La position de la tête d'injection dégagée du sabot permet une compacité régulière du béton et une bonne interpénétration de celui-ci avec les parois du logement 33. L'injection proprement dite est réalisée de façon progressive par rapport à la vitesse de remontée du tube-empreinte avec un contrôle continu des paramètres d'injection tels que la pression d'injection et le volume de béton injecté en fonction de la remontée du tube foncé. Ceci permet notamment de maintenir une pression de bétonnage au niveau du sabot, par exemple de l'ordre de 7 bars (pour une pression d'injection en sortie de la pompe à béton bien supérieure compte tenu des pertes de charge dans la conduite 14).After connecting the free end of the injection pipe 14 to the outlet of a concrete pump (not shown), the injection lance is gradually extended and the outlet of the injection head by pressurizing the hydraulic cylinder 20. To do this, it is generally necessary, depending on the consistency of the soil at the foot of the tube, to begin to slightly raise the impression tube to allow the extension of the telescopic injection lance and the start of the concreting injection operation (see Figure 2c). The concrete 34 is injected under pressure through the orifices 30 from the head 26 into the mass of concrete already in place according to the arrows shown in FIG. 2c to occupy the cavity formed in the ground by the simultaneous ascent of the impression tube 10 (the extraction of the tube 10 being carried out with the help of the vibrating head 32). The position of the injection head released from the shoe allows a regular compactness of the concrete and a good interpenetration of the latter with the walls of the housing 33. The injection proper is carried out gradually relative to the ascent rate of the impression tube with continuous control of injection parameters such as injection pressure and volume of concrete injected as a function of the rise in the dark tube. This makes it possible in particular to maintain a concreting pressure at the level of the shoe, for example of the order of 7 bars (for a much higher injection pressure at the outlet of the concrete pump taking into account the pressure drops in line 14) .

A l'issue de l'opération d'injection, le tube-empreinte 10 est totalement extrait du sol prêt à être réutilisé. De façon optionnelle, une cage d'armature métallique (non représentée) est ensuite enfoncée par vibrage dans le pieu de béton fraîchement moulé.At the end of the injection operation, the impression tube 10 is completely extracted from the soil ready to be reused. Of optionally, a metal reinforcement cage (not shown) is then vibrated into the freshly molded concrete pile.

L'invention n'est pas limitée à des pieux à section circulaire mais peut être mise en oeuvre pour réaliser des pieux à section polygonale, par exemple carrée, selon la forme correspondante adoptée lors de la fabrication du tube-empreinte 10.The invention is not limited to piles with a circular section but can be used to make piles with a polygonal section, for example square, according to the corresponding shape adopted during the manufacture of the impression tube 10.

Claims (15)

Procédé de réalisation d'un pieu moulé dans le sol, comportant les opérations suivantes : - fonçage dans le sol S d'un tube métallique (10) fermé en pied par un sabot (12) pour réaliser l'empreinte du pieu à mouler, - injection sous pression d'un mélange de prise, par exemple de béton, sous le pied du tube-empreinte avec remontée du tube-empreinte (10) pour réaliser le moulage du pieu (34), le procédé étant caractérisé en ce que l'injection est réalisée au travers du sabot (12) à partir d'au moins une lance extensible (24) en dégagement et à distance de ce dernier.Method for producing a pile molded in the ground, comprising the following operations: - sinking into the ground S of a metal tube (10) closed at the bottom by a shoe (12) to make the imprint of the pile to be molded, - injection under pressure of a setting mixture, for example of concrete, under the foot of the impression tube with raising of the impression tube (10) to carry out the molding of the pile (34), the method being characterized in that the injection is carried out through the shoe (12) from at least one extensible lance (24) in clearance and at a distance from the latter. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tube-empreinte est remonté simultanément à l'injection de béton sous pression de façon progressive avec contrôle continu des paramètres d'injection, notamment pour maintenir une pression de bétonnage au niveau du sabot.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the impression tube is raised simultaneously with the injection of concrete under pressure in a progressive manner with continuous control of the injection parameters, in particular to maintain a concreting pressure at the level of the shoe. Pieu moulé, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé par la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2.Molded pile, characterized in that it is produced by implementing the method according to one of claims 1 and 2. Pieu moulé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé en béton classique renforcé d'une armature métallique.Molded pile according to claim 3, characterized in that it is made of conventional concrete reinforced with a metal frame. Pieu moulé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé en béton renforcé de fibres métalliques.Molded pile according to claim 3, characterized in that it is made of concrete reinforced with metallic fibers. Tube-empreinte utilisable pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un tube métallique (11) fermé en pied par un sabot (12), une conduite d'injection (14) reliée à au moins une tête d'injection (26) disposée à l'extrémité libre d'une lance d'injection (24) extensible se projetant au travers du sabot (12) en dégagement et à distance de ce dernier.Impression tube usable to implement the method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises a metal tube (11) closed at the bottom by a shoe (12), an injection pipe (14) connected to at least one injection head (26) disposed at the free end of an extendable injection lance (24) projecting through the shoe (12) in clearance and at a distance from the latter. Tube-empreinte selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la lance d'injection (24), de préférence de type télescopique, est extensible parallèlement à l'axe du tube par des moyens d'actionnement (20) solidarisés au tube.Impression tube according to claim 6, characterized in that the injection lance (24), preferably of the telescopic type, is extensible parallel to the axis of the tube by actuating means (20) secured to the tube. Tube-empreinte selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'actionnement comportent au moins un vérin hydraulique monté à l'intérieur du tube, de préférence un vérin de type annulaire (20).Impression tube according to claim 7, characterized in that said actuating means comprise at least one hydraulic cylinder mounted inside the tube, preferably an annular type cylinder (20). Tube-empreinte selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'actionnement de la lance sont de type élastique à extension axiale et disposés entre une butée fixe solidaire du tube et une butée mobile solidaire de la lance.Impression tube according to claim 7, characterized in that said lance actuation means are of elastic type with axial extension and disposed between a fixed stop secured to the tube and a movable stop secured to the lance. Tube-empreinte selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la tête d'injection (26) ou les têtes d'injection sont disposées en symétrie axiale par rapport à l'axe central du tube.Impression tube according to one of Claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the injection head (26) or the injection heads are arranged in axial symmetry with respect to the central axis of the tube. Tube-empreinte selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la tête d'injection (26) comporte des orifices latéraux (30) répartis régulièrement à sa périphérie.Impression tube according to one of Claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the injection head (26) has lateral orifices (30) distributed regularly at its periphery. Tube-empreinte selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la tête d'injection (26) en position rétractée coopère en butée axiale avec le sabot (12).Impression tube according to one of Claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the injection head (26) in the retracted position cooperates in axial abutment with the shoe (12). Tube-empreinte selon l'une des revendications 6 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le sabot (12), de préférence réalisé par une tôle épaisse soudée au pied du tube (11), s'étend dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du tube-empreinte (10).Impression tube according to one of Claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the shoe (12), preferably made of a thick sheet welded to the foot of the tube (11), extends in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the impression tube (10). Tube-empreinte selon l'une des revendications 6 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la tête d'injection (26) est escamotable dans un logement (28) ménagé dans le sabot (12) pour assurer la protection de la tête lors de l'opération de fonçage du tube (10).Impression tube according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the injection head (26) is retractable in a housing (28) formed in the shoe (12) to ensure the protection of the head during the 'sinking operation of the tube (10). Tube-empreinte selon l'une des revendications 6 à 14 caractérisé en ce que la lance extensible et ses moyens d'actionnement sont susceptibles d'être commandés en position intermédiaire pour contrôler la distance de la tête d'injection par rapport au sabot.Impression tube according to one of claims 6 to 14 characterized in that the extendable lance and its actuating means can be controlled in the intermediate position to control the distance from the injection head relative to the shoe.
EP90403596A 1990-02-06 1990-12-14 Method for making piles cast in the ground and forming tube to be used in said method Withdrawn EP0441077A1 (en)

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FR9001323 1990-02-06
FR9001323A FR2657906A1 (en) 1990-02-06 1990-02-06 METHOD OF MAKING MOLDED PILES IN THE SOIL, MOLDED PIGS SO OBTAINED AND IMPRESSION TUBE USED TO IMPLEMENT THIS METHOD.

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ES2168078A1 (en) * 2000-09-06 2002-05-16 Rodio Cimentaciones Especiales Concreting device for rotary heads of continuous flight augers
CN100432341C (en) * 2006-06-26 2008-11-12 钱勇 After-grouting self-guiding hole PHC tubular pole tip anti-rusting cap construction device and construction process
CN100453742C (en) * 2006-06-30 2009-01-21 王国奋 Method for enlarging bottom and pile making of immersed tube and prefabricated steel concrete under-reamed pile
CN101158154B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-06-09 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN101161952B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-09-01 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN101161951B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-09-15 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN101158156B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-09-15 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN101158155B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-09-15 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN114837187A (en) * 2022-03-28 2022-08-02 中冶集团武汉勘察研究院有限公司 Support device for installing cast-in-place bored pile concrete pouring guide pipe and use method thereof
CN117071566A (en) * 2023-10-19 2023-11-17 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 Underground diaphragm wall joint grouting machine

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2168078A1 (en) * 2000-09-06 2002-05-16 Rodio Cimentaciones Especiales Concreting device for rotary heads of continuous flight augers
CN100432341C (en) * 2006-06-26 2008-11-12 钱勇 After-grouting self-guiding hole PHC tubular pole tip anti-rusting cap construction device and construction process
CN100453742C (en) * 2006-06-30 2009-01-21 王国奋 Method for enlarging bottom and pile making of immersed tube and prefabricated steel concrete under-reamed pile
CN101158154B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-06-09 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN101161952B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-09-01 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN101161951B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-09-15 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN101158156B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-09-15 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN101158155B (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-09-15 王国奋 Bottom expanding and pile-forming method for pipe sinking prefabricated steel concrete pedestal pile
CN114837187A (en) * 2022-03-28 2022-08-02 中冶集团武汉勘察研究院有限公司 Support device for installing cast-in-place bored pile concrete pouring guide pipe and use method thereof
CN117071566A (en) * 2023-10-19 2023-11-17 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 Underground diaphragm wall joint grouting machine
CN117071566B (en) * 2023-10-19 2024-01-02 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 Underground diaphragm wall joint grouting machine

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