EP0440617A1 - Compressed-air weapon. - Google Patents

Compressed-air weapon.

Info

Publication number
EP0440617A1
EP0440617A1 EP89903137A EP89903137A EP0440617A1 EP 0440617 A1 EP0440617 A1 EP 0440617A1 EP 89903137 A EP89903137 A EP 89903137A EP 89903137 A EP89903137 A EP 89903137A EP 0440617 A1 EP0440617 A1 EP 0440617A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure cylinder
valve
lever
barrel
shot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89903137A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0440617B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Goepfert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Haemmerli Jagd und Sportwaffenfabrik und Apparatebau GmbH
Original Assignee
HAEMMERLI JAGD- und SPORTWAFFENFABRIK und APPARATENBAU GmbH
Haemmerli AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HAEMMERLI JAGD- und SPORTWAFFENFABRIK und APPARATENBAU GmbH, Haemmerli AG filed Critical HAEMMERLI JAGD- und SPORTWAFFENFABRIK und APPARATENBAU GmbH
Publication of EP0440617A1 publication Critical patent/EP0440617A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0440617B1 publication Critical patent/EP0440617B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B11/00—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns
    • F41B11/60—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns characterised by the supply of compressed gas
    • F41B11/68—Compressed-gas guns, e.g. air guns; Steam guns characterised by the supply of compressed gas the gas being pre-compressed before firing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a compressed air weapon with a barrel, a first compression piston arranged in a larger low-pressure cylinder, a second compression piston arranged in a smaller high-pressure cylinder, a shot valve arranged in a valve housing, which can be actuated via a trigger, and a cocking device lever.
  • Such a compressed air gun is known from DE-OS 1 553 929.
  • the piston rod of the low pressure cylinder forms the high pressure cylinder.
  • the two cylinders are arranged coaxially to the barrel axis behind the barrel.
  • the shot valve is acted upon by the pressure of the high-pressure cylinder in the opening direction and is held in the closed position by a trigger rod.
  • Its conical sealing body seals in a conical seat of the valve housing, which is penetrated transversely through the channel between the high-pressure cylinder space and the bore. Since here the High pressure channel must penetrate the entire piston rod of the high pressure cylinder, the dead volume of the high pressure cylinder is relatively large and can hardly be used for the shot development.
  • the arrangement of the two cylinders behind the barrel requires a large overall length.
  • the valve member is heavily loaded transversely to its axis and therefore has a lot of friction.
  • its sealing body wears out quickly.
  • the tensioning lever is not locked against snapping back during its movement, so its handling is dangerous.
  • DE-OS 2 * 631 '256 Another compressed air gun, but with a spring-loaded piston, is described in DE-OS 2 * 631 '256.
  • the cocking lever has a non-return lock with a pivotable locking element that engages in the thread teeth of a screw. The tensioning lever cannot therefore accidentally break forward when tensioning the spring, but must be pulled through to its rear stop.
  • Another rifle with a non-return lock is described in DE-OS 36 11 731.
  • Another compressed air gun of the type mentioned is known from DE-OS 2 263 271.
  • the piston of the low-pressure cylinder simultaneously forms the high-pressure cylinder, while the high-pressure piston is anchored to the housing.
  • the shot valve is a seat valve which is opened by a trigger rod against the pressure in the high pressure chamber and against the force of a closing spring.
  • the compressed air gun described in CH-PS 458 127 has a similar structure.
  • the invention has for its object to design a pressure weapon of the type mentioned in such a way that the projectile energy is as constant as possible, and that it is inexpensive to manufacture and reliable.
  • this object is achieved in that at least the low-pressure cylinder and the valve housing are designed as an integral plastic body in which the barrel is fastened.
  • this object is achieved in that the tensioning lever is connected to both pistons by means of a separate joint rod.
  • the task of the invention is achieved in that the weapon contains a locking device which only allows a predetermined movement sequence for the loading process and the firing of the shot, each movement which is required for the loading process being mechanically blocked until the movement preceding the sequence is completed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the longitudinal section according to FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 3 shows a part of the detail according to FIG. 2 in another operating position
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically an actuator
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the trigger device.
  • the rifle shown in FIG. 1 comprises a wooden butt 1 with a barrel 2.
  • a one-piece housing 3 made of plastic is attached to the barrel 2.
  • the housing 3 carries a barrel 4 and a rear sight 5.
  • the barrel 4 is inserted into a metal sleeve 6 cast into the housing 3 and clamped by a union nut 7. So that the barrel 4 is properly fixed in the plastic and replaceable.
  • a low-pressure cylinder 8 is formed in the housing 3 parallel to the barrel axis, in which a piston 9 is longitudinally displaceable.
  • a smaller high-pressure cylinder 10 is arranged behind the cylinder 8 parallel to the cylinder 8, but offset somewhat upwards.
  • Another piston 11 is displaceable in the cylinder 10.
  • a shot valve 12 with a high-pressure chamber 13 is seated in the housing 3.
  • the chamber 13 is connected directly to the high-pressure cylinder 10 via a connecting duct 14 and to the low-pressure cylinder 8 via a further duct 15.
  • a check valve 16 with a low opening pressure is arranged in the channel 15 very close to the low-pressure cylinder 8. ' This means that the loss volume remains small.
  • the shot valve 12 has a conical seat 20 which is formed in the housing 3 and in which a cone 21 of the valve member 22 is seated.
  • the cone 21 has a circumferential groove 23 in which an elastomeric sealing ring 24 is seated.
  • the ring 24 seals with an edge 25 against the seat 20.
  • the valve member 22 has at the bottom a shaft 27 which is guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in an insert 26.
  • the shaft 27 is sealed off from the insert 26 by a lip seal 28 with an outer, more solid, cylindrical stop 29.
  • a flange 30 of the valve member 22 strikes against the stop 29, so that the valve member 22 is softly intercepted and the weapon is little shaken.
  • the seal is pressed more strongly against the shaft 27, that is to say that more Friction is generated, and that a possible bounce of the valve member 22 is at least damped.
  • the diameter of the shaft 27 is larger than the diameter of the sealing edge 25, so that the valve member 22 is loaded in the opening direction by the pressure in the chamber 13. Immediately after lifting off the sealing edge, the pressure acts on the full cross section of the shaft 27.
  • a spring 31 can be used to support the opening force which arises from the diameter difference between the sealing edge 25 and shaft 27 in connection with the pressure in the chamber 13 serve. Due to the shot valve opening with its own pressure, only very low forces are required in the trigger system, and this can therefore be made extremely light. The moving masses during the shot development time thus remain minimal. Alternatively, it is also possible to apply the opening force solely through the spring 31, the diameter of the sealing edge 25 being equal to the diameter of the shaft 27 in this variant.
  • valve member 22 Before the shot is fired (FIG. 2), the valve member 22 is supported by a valve lever 34 which can be pivoted about a bolt 33 fixed to the housing.
  • a nose 35 of the lever 34 engages under a conical end face 36 of the shaft 27.
  • the perpendicular to the support surface of the nose 35 runs to the left of the axis of the bolt 33, so that the lever 34 is actuated by the opening force of the Ven tilliedes 22 is loaded counterclockwise.
  • the valve lever 34 is held in the position shown in FIG. 2 by a nose 37a of a pivotable, spring-loaded trigger lever 37 (FIG. 5).
  • the trigger lever 37 is pivoted by an actuating lever 38 which is connected to a trigger 40 via a coupling rod 39.
  • the trigger 40 can be pivoted about a further bolt 41 fixed to the housing.
  • the lever pivots. 37 clockwise and with its nose 37a releases the valve lever 34. This pivots counterclockwise so that the nose 35 releases the valve member 22 and opens it under the pressure in the chamber 13 (FIG. 3).
  • the conical valve seat 20 in connection with the cone 21 of the shot valve 12 results in a low-loss acceleration of the outflowing compressed air due to the constant narrowing of the outflow cross section.
  • the construction shown allows the volume between the upper end of the cone 21 and the rear end to be kept very low.
  • a tensioning lever 44 arranged in the basic position parallel to the barrel 4 can be pivoted about a bolt 45 inserted into the housing 3 (FIG. 1).
  • the lever 44 is connected to the two pistons 9, 11 by means of an articulated rod 46, 47.
  • the pistons 9, 11 are penetrated at their end facing away from the shot valve 12 by a pin 48, 49, which protrude through longitudinal slots in the cylinders 8, 10 and on which the rods 46, 47 are articulated on the outside.
  • the rod 46 of the low-pressure piston 9 is articulated on the clamping lever 44 with a larger radius by the bolt 45 than the rod 47 of the high-pressure piston -11.
  • the piston 9 therefore has a greater stroke than the piston 11.
  • This stroke ratio is expedient over two and the stroke volume ratio of the low-pressure to high-pressure cylinder is between four and twenty.
  • the articulated geometry is selected such that the articulated triangle of the low-pressure piston 9 almost reaches dead center when the tensioning lever 44 is fully pivoted out (dash-dotted position), while the articulated triangle of the high-pressure piston 11, on the other hand, moves to the basic position of the tensioning lever 44 Dead center just exceeded.
  • a locking system shown in FIG. 4 is arranged to secure the tensioning lever 44 against snapping back during tensioning.
  • a locking member 50 with two locking lugs 51, 52 is pivotally mounted on the pin 48 outside the cylinder 8, but within the articulated rod 46.
  • the two locking lugs 51, 52 are offset from one another in the axial direction of the pin 48 and interact with one of two racks 53, 54 fastened next to one another in the housing 3 with sawtooth-shaped teeth.
  • the latching member 50 is loaded by a bow spring 55 which is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the housing 3.
  • the free, curved end 56 of the spring 55 engages in one of two locking recesses 57, 58 of the locking member 50.
  • the end 56 rests in the recess 57 and presses the nose 51 into engagement with the toothed rack 53 , so that the piston 9 is secured against displacement to the rear.
  • an actuating button 60 which is displaceable on the barrel 4 and is loaded forwards by a spring 59 is pulled backwards.
  • a projection 61 of the button 60 pushes the bow spring 55 backwards into the other latching recess 58, so that the nose 52 now engages in the rack 54 and releases the lever 44 for the pulling movement.
  • a bolt 63 fastened to the button 60 and engaging in a bore 62 of the tensioning lever 44 secures the tensioning lever 44. Only after the button 60 is released is the tensioning lever 44 released for actuation.
  • a pivot lever 68 is pivoted via a pin 67 running in a guide curve 66 of the button 60.
  • a push rod 69 is articulated on the second arm of this lever 68.
  • the rear end of the rod 69 is articulated on a tensioning lever 70 (FIG.
  • the lever 70 is pivotally mounted on a bolt 71 fixed to the housing.
  • a lug 72 of the lever 70 projects under the end face of the stem 27 of the valve member 22.
  • the lug 72 pushes the valve member 22 into the closed position.
  • the valve lever 34 is pivoted upward by a spring bracket 73 ' fastened to the lever 70, so that it engages with its nose 35 under the end face 36 and engages behind the nose 37a of the trigger lever 37.
  • An extension 74 of the valve lever 34 pivots from the position shown in FIG. 3 into the position according to FIG. 2. If the button 60 is now released, the rod 69 also moves forward and pivots the clamping lever 70 into the basic position .
  • a locking member 76 pivotably mounted on the tensioning lever 70 and preloaded against a stop by a spring 75 runs onto the extension 74, jumps over it and finally rests with its end face 77 relative to the end face 78 of the extension 74.
  • the button 60 is thus 60 secured against renewed actuation before the next shot is fired.
  • the tensioning lever 44 can be pivoted so that the piston 9 compresses the air in the cylinder 8 and via the channels 14, 15 and the check valve 16 into the cylinder 10 in front of the retracting piston 11 inserts.
  • the tensioning lever 44 is released, it snaps back because of the locking member 50 at most a few millimeters until the next locking engagement.
  • the air that has already flowed into the cylinder 10 dampens the tensioning lever 44 from striking back.
  • the tensioning lever 44 is pivoted all the way back, the bow spring 55 strikes against a stop 79 fixed to the housing and is pushed forward relative to the latching member 50 until the end 56 engages in the locking recess 57 and thus the locking lug 51 in the rack 53.
  • the clamping lever 44 is secured against snapping back during the forward movement.
  • the air in the cylinder 10 is compressed to the final pressure.
  • a renewed tensioning of the tensioning lever 44 before firing the shot is impossible because the locking member 50 cannot be switched over by the button 60 locked by means of the locking member 76. This protects the rifle against excessive projectile energy and against overload.
  • a loading slide 82 is opened automatically.
  • the loading slide 82 is pushed manually against the force of a spring 83 into the closed position (FIGS. 2 and 5), with a plug placed in a loading opening 84
  • Gel 85 is inserted into the rear barrel end through the fork-shaped front end 86 of the loading slide 82.
  • An arcuate slot 87 is milled out between the two prongs of the end 86 in order to keep the flow losses low.
  • the loading slide 82 has a latching recess 88 in the rear, in which one arm of a spring-loaded, two-armed latching lever 89 engages in the closed position.
  • the other arm of the lever 89 is pushed in by the tensioning lever 44 when the tensioning lever 44 is completely swung back, so that the loading slide 82 is released and pushed backwards by the spring 83.
  • a conical extension 90 moves a pin 92, which is loaded upwards by a spring 91, downwards. In the lower end position, the lower end face of the pin 92 has only slight play with respect to an arm 93 of the trigger 40, so that the latter is locked against actuation until the loading slide 82 is manually and thus deliberately moved into the closed position.
  • the plastic housing 3 enables a very low-friction displacement of the pistons 9, 11 without lubrication, so that the energy expenditure for actuation is low compared to known rifles.
  • By opening the shot valve with gas pressure extremely short and very regular valve opening times are achieved.
  • the aerodynamically favorable design on the valve cone 21 and in the loading slide end 86 help the To keep flow losses low.
  • the described structural arrangement of the shot valve and the loading slide towards the end minimizes the damage volume and thus the pre-expansion. All of these measures contribute to increasing the efficiency of the conversion of the energy stored in the compressed air into kinetic projectile energy. As a result, for a given kinetic projectile energy, the pressure required in the chamber 13 can be considerably reduced compared to known weapons.
  • a low accumulator pressure is a prerequisite for low forces on the tensioning lever 44. Another prerequisite is the formation of the kinematics by means of which this pressure is generated. Because both pistons 9 and 11 are each connected to the tensioning lever 44 by a separate articulated rod 46 and 47, the crank kinematics for both pistons can be optimized and, above all, coordinated with one another in such a way that despite the hyperbolic characteristic of the pressure path In connection with the almost isothermal compression, no significant torque peaks on the lever 44 are required. The maximum torque required for tensioning on lever 44 is so low that it can be made relatively short. With a prototype for a max. Shot energy of 7.5 joules, the maximum force to be used on the 300mm long clamping lever was less than 40 N.
  • This low muscle effort and the favorable position of the clamping lever pivot point allow the shooter to cock in the stop position. Because the shot valve 12 opens precisely and quickly, hits softly and at the same time small masses are moved and the plastic housing dampens the vibrations, the shot is low in vibration and the energy transferred to the projectile scatters little. This ensures a high precision of the weapon.
  • the rifle is absolutely safe to use due to the built-in locks and safeguards. Due to the almost metal-free compressed air spaces, the pressure system is corrosion-resistant and low-maintenance. Due to the small number of components, manufacturing and assembly times are kept low. The design described is suitable not only for rifles, but also for compressed air pistols.

Abstract

A compressed air gun comprises a plastic casing, in which a low-pressure cylinder is arranged beneath the gun barrel and a high-pressure cylinder is arranged behind the barrel, with a pressure release system between the cylinders. Two pistons are contained within the respective cylinders and are connected to a cocking lever each by a separate hinge rod. A series of catches and releases requires all operative steps to be completed in the correct sequence before firing to prevent overloading of the air pressure system and also to prevent accidents.

Description

D r u c k l u f t w a f f e D r u c k l u f t w a f f e
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Druckluftwaffe mit einem Lauf, einem in einem grösseren Niederdruckzylinder angeordneten ersten Verdichtungskolben, einem in einem kleineren Hochdruckzylinder angeordneten zweiten Verdichtungs¬ kolben, einem in einem Ventilgehäuse angeordneten Schussven¬ til, das über einen Abzug betätigbar ist, sowie einem Spann¬ hebel.The present invention relates to a compressed air weapon with a barrel, a first compression piston arranged in a larger low-pressure cylinder, a second compression piston arranged in a smaller high-pressure cylinder, a shot valve arranged in a valve housing, which can be actuated via a trigger, and a cocking device lever.
Ein solches Druckluftgewehr ist aus der DE-OS 1 553 929 be¬ kannt. Bei diesem bekannten Gewehr bildet die Kolbenstange des Niederdruckzylinders den Hochdruckzylinder. Die beiden Zylinder sind koaxial zur Laufachse hinter dem Lauf angeord¬ net. Das Schussventil ist durch den Druck des Hochdruck¬ zylinders in Oeffnungsrichtung beaufschlagt und in der Schliessstellung durch eine Abzugstange gehalten. Sein kegel¬ förmiger Dichtkörper dichtet in einem kegelförmigen Sitz des Ventilgehäuses, das durch den Kanal zwischen Hochdruckzylin¬ derraum und Laufbohrung quer durchsetzt wird. Da hier der Hochdruckkanal die gesamte Kolbenstange des Hochdruckzylinders durchsetzen muss, ist das Totvolumen des Hochdruckzylinders relativ gross und für die Schussentwicklung kaum nutzbar. Die Anordnung der beiden Zylinder hinter dem Lauf erfordert eine grosse Baulänge. Das Ventilglied ist quer zu seiner Achse hoch belastet und hat daher viel Reibung. Ausserdem ver- schleisst sein Dichtkörper rasch. Der Spannhebel ist während seiner Bewegung nicht gegen ein Zurückschnellen gesperrt, so dass seine Handhabung gefährlich ist.Such a compressed air gun is known from DE-OS 1 553 929. In this known rifle, the piston rod of the low pressure cylinder forms the high pressure cylinder. The two cylinders are arranged coaxially to the barrel axis behind the barrel. The shot valve is acted upon by the pressure of the high-pressure cylinder in the opening direction and is held in the closed position by a trigger rod. Its conical sealing body seals in a conical seat of the valve housing, which is penetrated transversely through the channel between the high-pressure cylinder space and the bore. Since here the High pressure channel must penetrate the entire piston rod of the high pressure cylinder, the dead volume of the high pressure cylinder is relatively large and can hardly be used for the shot development. The arrangement of the two cylinders behind the barrel requires a large overall length. The valve member is heavily loaded transversely to its axis and therefore has a lot of friction. In addition, its sealing body wears out quickly. The tensioning lever is not locked against snapping back during its movement, so its handling is dangerous.
Ein weiteres Druckluftgewehr ist aus der DE-OS 2' 330'535 bekannt. Dieses Gewehr hat allerdings bloss eine einstufige Luftverdichtung, mit entsprechend hoher Belastung der Bauteile bei gleicher Geschossenergie. Der Zylinder ist hier unter dem Lauf angeordnet. Das Schussventil wird gegen Federkraft geöff¬ net.Another compressed air gun is known from DE-OS 2,330,535. However, this rifle has only one-stage air compression , with a correspondingly high load on the components with the same projectile energy. The cylinder is located here under the barrel. The shot valve is opened against spring force.
Ein weiteres Druckluftgewehr, allerdings mit einem federbelaste¬ ten Kolben, ist in der DE-OS 2*631' 256 beschrieben. Bei diesem Gewehr hat der Spannhebel eine Rückschlagsperre mit einem schwenkbaren Sperrelement, das in die Gewindezähne einer Schraube eingreift. Der Spannhebel kann daher beim Spannen der Feder nicht versehentlich nach vorn durchschlagen, sondern muss bis zu seinem hinteren Anschlag durchgezogen werden. Ein weiteres Gewehr mit einer Rückschlagsperre ist in der DE-OS 36 11 731 beschrieben. Ein weiteres Druckluftgewehr der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der DE-OS 2 263 271 bekannt. Hier bildet wiederum der Kolben des Niederdruck-Zylinders gleichzeitig den Hochdruck¬ zylinder, während der Hochdruckkolben gehäusefest verankert ist. Das Schussventil ist ein Sitzventil, das durch ein Abzug¬ gestänge gegen den Druck in der Hochdruckkammer und gegen die Kraft einer Schliessfeder geöffnet wird.Another compressed air gun, but with a spring-loaded piston, is described in DE-OS 2 * 631 '256. With this rifle, the cocking lever has a non-return lock with a pivotable locking element that engages in the thread teeth of a screw. The tensioning lever cannot therefore accidentally break forward when tensioning the spring, but must be pulled through to its rear stop. Another rifle with a non-return lock is described in DE-OS 36 11 731. Another compressed air gun of the type mentioned is known from DE-OS 2 263 271. Here, in turn, the piston of the low-pressure cylinder simultaneously forms the high-pressure cylinder, while the high-pressure piston is anchored to the housing. The shot valve is a seat valve which is opened by a trigger rod against the pressure in the high pressure chamber and against the force of a closing spring.
Aehnlich aufgebaut ist das in der CH-PS 458 127 beschriebene Druckluftgewehr.The compressed air gun described in CH-PS 458 127 has a similar structure.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Druckwaffe der eingangs genannten Art derart auszubilden, dass die Geschossenergie möglichst konstant ist, und dass es preiswert herstellbar und betriebssicher ist.The invention has for its object to design a pressure weapon of the type mentioned in such a way that the projectile energy is as constant as possible, and that it is inexpensive to manufacture and reliable.
Nach einem ersten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass mindestens der Nieder¬ druckzylinder und das Ventilgehäuse als ein einstückiger Kunststoffkörper ausgebildet sind, in welchem der Lauf be¬ festigt ist.According to a first aspect of the present invention, this object is achieved in that at least the low-pressure cylinder and the valve housing are designed as an integral plastic body in which the barrel is fastened.
Nach einem zweiten Aspekt wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass der Spannhebel mittels je einer separaten Gelenkstange mit beiden Kolben verbunden ist. Nach einem dritten Aspekt wird die -Erfindungsaufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die Waffe eine Sperreinrichtung enthält, die ausschliesslich eine vorgegebene Bewegungssequenz für den Ladevorgang und die Schussabgabe zulässt, wobei jede der für den Ladevorgang erforderlichen Bewegungen mechanisch gesperrt ist, bis die in der Sequenz vorangehende Bewegung vollendet ist.According to a second aspect, this object is achieved in that the tensioning lever is connected to both pistons by means of a separate joint rod. According to a third aspect, the task of the invention is achieved in that the weapon contains a locking device which only allows a predetermined movement sequence for the loading process and the firing of the shot, each movement which is required for the loading process being mechanically blocked until the movement preceding the sequence is completed.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung an¬ hand der Zeichnung erläutert.- Darin- zeigt:An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the drawing.
Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch ein Druckluftgewehr,1 shows a longitudinal section through a compressed air rifle,
Fig. 2 einen Ausschnitt des Längsschnittes nach Fig. 1 in vergrössertem Massstab,2 shows a detail of the longitudinal section according to FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale,
Fig. 3 einen Teil des Ausschnittes nach Fig. 2 in einer andern BetriebsStellung,3 shows a part of the detail according to FIG. 2 in another operating position,
Fig. 4 schematisch ein Betätrigungsglied, undFig. 4 shows schematically an actuator, and
Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung der Abzugvorrichtung.Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the trigger device.
Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Gewehr umfasst einen hölzernen Kolben 1 mit einem Schaft 2. Am Schaft 2 ist ein einstücki¬ ges Gehäuse 3 aus Kunststoff befestigt. Das Gehäuse 3 trägt einen Lauf 4 sowie' ein Diopter 5. Der Lauf 4 ist in eine im Gehäuse 3 eingegossene Metallhülse 6 eingesetzt und durch eine Ueberwurfmutter 7 festgespannt. Damit ist der Lauf 4 im Kunststoff einwandfrei befestigt und auswechselbar. Unter¬ halb des hinteren Endes des Laufs 4 ist im Gehäuse 3 ein Niederdruckzylinder 8 parallel zur Laufachse angeformt, in welchem ein Kolben 9 längsverschiebbar ist. Hinter dem Zy¬ linder 8 ist ein kleinerer Hochdruckzylinder 10 parallel zum Zylinder 8, aber etwas nach oben versetzt angeordnet. Im Zy¬ linder 10 ist ein weiterer Kolben 11 verschiebbar. Zwischen den beiden Zylindern 8, 10 sitzt im Gehäuse 3 ein Schussven¬ til 12 mit einer Hochdruckkammer 13. Die Kammer 13 ist über einen Verbindungskanal 14 direkt mit dem Hochdruckzylinder 10 und über einen weiteren Kanal 15 mit dem Niederdruckzylin¬ der 8 verbunden. Im Kanal 15 ist sehr nahe beim Niederdruck¬ zylinder 8 ein Rückschlagventil 16 mit geringem Oeffnungs- druck angeordnet.' Damit bleibt das Verlustvolumen klein. Das Schussventil 12 hat einen im Gehäuse 3 geformten, kegelför¬ migen Sitz 20, in welchem ein Kegel 21 des Ventilgliedes 22 sitzt. Der Kegel 21 hat eine Umfangsnut 23, in welcher ein elastomerer Dichtring 24 sitzt. Der Ring 24 dichtet mit einer Kante 25 gegenüber dem Sitz 20 ab. Dadurch ist die Fläche des Abdichtquerschnittes exakt definiert. Das Ventilglied 22 hat unten einen in einem Einsatz 26 längsverschiebbar geführten Schaft 27. Der Schaft 27 ist gegenüber dem Einsatz 26 durch eine Lippendichtung 28 mit einem ausseren, massiveren, zylind¬ rischen Anschlag 29 abgedichtet. Beim Oeffnen des Ventils 12 schlägt ein Flansch 30 des Ventilgliedes 22 gegen den Anschlag 29, so dass das Ventilglied 22 weich abgefangen und die Waffe wenig erschüttert wird. Ausserdem wird durch die Kraft, die der Flansch 30 auf die Dichtung 28,29 ausübt, die Dichtung stärker an den Schaft 27 gedrückt, das heisst, dass mehr Reibung erzeugt wird, und dass damit ein eventuelles Prellen des Ventilgliedes 22 mindestens gedämpft wird. Der Durchmes¬ ser des Schaftes 27 ist grösser als der Durchmesser der Dicht¬ kante 25, so dass das Ventilglied 22 durch den Druck in der Kammer 13 in Oeffnungsrichtung belastet ist. Sofort nach dem Abheben von der Dichtkante wirkt der Druck auf den vollen Querschnitt des Schaftes 27. Zur Unterstützung der Oeffnungs¬ kraft, die durch die Durchmesserdifferenz von Dichtkante 25 und Schaft 27 in Verbindung mit dem Druck in der Kammer 13 entsteht, kann eine Feder 31 dienen. Durch das mit Eigendruck öffnende Schussventil sind im Abzugsystem nur sehr geringe Kräfte erforderlich, und dieses kann somit äusserst leicht gebaut sein. Die bewegten Massen während der Schussentwick¬ lungszeit bleiben somit minimal. Alternativ ist es auch mög¬ lich, die Oeffnungskraft allein durch die Feder 31 aufzubrin¬ gen, wobei bei dieser Variante der Durchmesser der Dichtkan¬ te 25 gleich dem Durchmesser des Schaftes 27 ist.The rifle shown in FIG. 1 comprises a wooden butt 1 with a barrel 2. A one-piece housing 3 made of plastic is attached to the barrel 2. The housing 3 carries a barrel 4 and a rear sight 5. The barrel 4 is inserted into a metal sleeve 6 cast into the housing 3 and clamped by a union nut 7. So that the barrel 4 is properly fixed in the plastic and replaceable. Below the rear end of the barrel 4, a low-pressure cylinder 8 is formed in the housing 3 parallel to the barrel axis, in which a piston 9 is longitudinally displaceable. A smaller high-pressure cylinder 10 is arranged behind the cylinder 8 parallel to the cylinder 8, but offset somewhat upwards. Another piston 11 is displaceable in the cylinder 10. Between the two cylinders 8, 10, a shot valve 12 with a high-pressure chamber 13 is seated in the housing 3. The chamber 13 is connected directly to the high-pressure cylinder 10 via a connecting duct 14 and to the low-pressure cylinder 8 via a further duct 15. A check valve 16 with a low opening pressure is arranged in the channel 15 very close to the low-pressure cylinder 8. ' This means that the loss volume remains small. The shot valve 12 has a conical seat 20 which is formed in the housing 3 and in which a cone 21 of the valve member 22 is seated. The cone 21 has a circumferential groove 23 in which an elastomeric sealing ring 24 is seated. The ring 24 seals with an edge 25 against the seat 20. This means that the area of the sealing cross-section is precisely defined. The valve member 22 has at the bottom a shaft 27 which is guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in an insert 26. The shaft 27 is sealed off from the insert 26 by a lip seal 28 with an outer, more solid, cylindrical stop 29. When the valve 12 is opened, a flange 30 of the valve member 22 strikes against the stop 29, so that the valve member 22 is softly intercepted and the weapon is little shaken. In addition, due to the force that the flange 30 exerts on the seal 28, 29, the seal is pressed more strongly against the shaft 27, that is to say that more Friction is generated, and that a possible bounce of the valve member 22 is at least damped. The diameter of the shaft 27 is larger than the diameter of the sealing edge 25, so that the valve member 22 is loaded in the opening direction by the pressure in the chamber 13. Immediately after lifting off the sealing edge, the pressure acts on the full cross section of the shaft 27. A spring 31 can be used to support the opening force which arises from the diameter difference between the sealing edge 25 and shaft 27 in connection with the pressure in the chamber 13 serve. Due to the shot valve opening with its own pressure, only very low forces are required in the trigger system, and this can therefore be made extremely light. The moving masses during the shot development time thus remain minimal. Alternatively, it is also possible to apply the opening force solely through the spring 31, the diameter of the sealing edge 25 being equal to the diameter of the shaft 27 in this variant.
Vor der Schussabgabe (Fig. 2) ist das Ventilglied 22 durch einen um einen gehäusefesten Bolzen 33 schwenkbaren Ventilhe¬ bel 34 unterstützt. Eine Nase 35 des Hebels 34 untergreift dabei eine konische Stirnfläche 36 des Schaftes 27. Die Senk¬ rechte zur Unterstützungsfläche der Nase 35 verläuft in der Darstellung nach Fig. 2 links von der Achse des Bolzens 33 durch, so dass der Hebel 34 durch die Oeffnungskraft des Ven- tilgliedes 22 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn belastet ist. Der Ventil¬ hebel 34 wird in der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Lage durch eine Nase 37a eines schwenkbaren, federbelasteten Abzughebels 37 gehalten (Fig. 5) . Der Abzughebel 37 wird durch einen Betä¬ tigungshebel 38 verschwenkt, der über eine Koppelstange 39 mit einem Abzug 40 verbunden ist. Der Abzug 40 ist um einen weiteren gehäusefesten Bolzen 41 schwenkbar. Beim Ziehen des Abzugs 40 schwenkt der Hebel. 37 im Uhrzeigersinn und gibt mit seiner Nase 37a den Ventilhebel 34 frei. Dieser schwenkt im Gegenuhrzeigersinn, so dass die Nase 35 das Ventilglied 22 freigibt und dieses unter dem Druck in der Kammer 13 öffnet (Fig. 3) . Dazu sind nur sehr geringe Massen zu beschleunigen, so dass eine sehr kurze Reaktionszeit zwischen dem Ziehen des Abzugs 40 über seinen Druckpunkt bis zum vollständigen Oeff- nen des Schussventils 12 verstreicht. Durch den kegelförmigen Ventilsitz 20 in Verbindung mit dem Kegel 21 des Schussventils 12 wird durch die stetige Verengung des Abströmquerschnit¬ tes eine verlustarme Beschleunigung der ausströmenden Druck¬ luft erreicht. Durch die dargestellte Konstruktion kann das Volumen zwischen dem oberen Ende des Kegels 21 und dem hinte¬ ren Laufende sehr gering gehalten werden. Dadurch findet bis zum Einsetzen der effektiven Schussentwicklung nur eine gerin¬ ge .Vorexpansion statt. Die gespeicherte Druckenergie wird so¬ mit zu einem sehr grossen Teil in kinetische Energie des Ge¬ schosses umgesetzt. Zum Spannen ist ein in der Grundstellung parallel zum Lauf 4 angeordneter Spannhebel 44 um einen ins Gehäuse 3 einge¬ setzten Bolzen 45 schwenkbar (Fig. 1) . Der Hebel 44 ist über je eine Gelenkstange 46, 47 mit den beiden Kolben 9, 11 ver¬ bunden. Dazu sind die Kolben 9, 11 an ihrem dem Schussventil 12 abgewandten Ende durch je einen Stift 48, 49 durchsetzt, die durch Längsschlitze in den Zylindern 8, 10 ragen und an denen aussen die Stangen 46, 47 angelenkt sind. Am Spannhebel 44 ist die Stange 46 des Niederdruckkolbens 9 mit einem grös- seren Radius vom Bolzen 45 angelenkt als die Stange 47 des Hochdruckkolbens -11. Der Kolben 9 hat daher einen grösseren Hub als der Kolben 11. Zweckmässig ist dieses Hubverhältnis über zwei und das Hubvolumenverhältnis des Niederdruck- zum Hochdruckzylinder zwischen vier und zwanzig. Die Gelenkgeo¬ metrie ist so gewählt, dass das Gelenkdreieck des Niederdruck¬ kolbens 9 bei voll ausgeschwenktem Spannhebel 44 (strichpunk¬ tierte Lage) annähernd zum Totpunkt gelangt, das Gelenkdrei¬ eck des Hochdruckkolbens 11 hingegen bei der Bewegung in die Grundstellung des Spannhebels 44 den Totpunkt knapp über¬ schreitet. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass einerseits gegen Ende der Kompression die "am Hebel 44 aufzuwendende Kraft beschränkt bleibt, anderseits dass der Hebel 44 durch den am Kolben 11 in gespanntem Zustand anstehenden Druck in der Grundstellung gehalten wird. Zur Sicherung des Spannhebels 44 gegen ein Zurückschnellen während des Spannens ist ein in Fig. 4 dargestelltes Rasten¬ system angeordnet. Auf dem Stift 48 ist ausserhalb des Zy¬ linders 8, aber innerhalb der Gelenkstange 46 ein Rastglied 50 mit zwei Rastnasen 51, 52 schwenkbar gelagert. Die beiden Rastnasen 51, 52 sind in Achsrichtung des Stiftes 48 gegen¬ einander versetzt und wirken mit je einer von zwei nebenein¬ ander im Gehäuse 3 befestigten Zahnstangen 53, 54 mit säge- zahnförmigen Zähnen zusammen. Das Rastglied 50 ist durch eine im Gehäuse 3 längsverschiebbar geführte Bügelfeder 55 belas¬ tet. Dazu greift das freie, gebogene Ende 56 der Feder 55 in eine von zwei Rastausnehmungen 57, 58 des Rastgliedes 50. In der dargestellten Grundstellung ruht das Ende 56 in der Aus¬ nehmung 57 und drückt die Nase 51 in Eingriff mit der Zahn¬ stange 53, so dass der Kolben 9 gegen eine Verschiebung nach hinten gesichert ist. Vor dem Spannen des Spannhebels 44 wird ein auf dem Lauf 4 verschiebbarer, durch eine Feder 59 nach vorn belasteter Betätigungsknopf 60 nach hinten gezogen. Da¬ bei schiebt ein Vorsprung 61 des Knopfs 60 die Bügelfeder 55 nach hinten in die andere Rastausnehmung 58, so dass nun die Nase 52 in die Zahnstange 54 eingreift und den Hebel 44 für die Ziehbewegung frei gibt. Solange jedoch der Knopf 60 noch gezogen ist, sichert ein am Knopf 60 befestigter, in eine Bohrung 62 des Spannhebels 44 eingreifender Bolzen 63 den Spannhebel 44. Erst nach dem Loslassen des Knopfs 60 wird der Spannhebel 44 zur Betätigung frei. Beim Zurückziehen des Knopfs 60 wird über einen in einer Füh¬ rungskurve 66 des Knopfs 60 laufenden Stift 67 ein Schwenk¬ hebel 68 verschwenkt. Am zweiten Arm dieses Hebels 68 ist eine Druckstange 69 angelenkt. Das hintere Ende der Stange 69 ist an einem Spannhebel 70 angelenkt (Fig. 3) . Der Hebel 70 ist auf einem gehäusefesten Bolzen 71 schwenkbar gelagert. Eine Nase 72 des Hebels 70 ragt unter die Stirnfläche des Schaftes 27 des Ventilgliedes 22. Wenn die Stange 69 gedrückt wird, schiebt die Nase 72 das Ventilglied 22 in die geschlossene Stellung. Gleichzeitig wird durch einen am Hebel 70 befestig¬ ten Federbügel 73' der Ventilhebel 34 nach oben verschwenkt, so dass er mit seiner Nase 35 unter die Stirnfläche 36 einras¬ tet und hinter der Nase 37a des Abzughebels 37 einrastet. Dabei schwenkt ein Ansatz 74 des Ventilhebels 34 aus der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Lage in die Stellung gemäss Fig. 2. Wird nun der Knopf 60 losgelassen, so bewegt sich auch die Stange 69 nach vorn und verschwenkt den Spannhebel 70 in die Grund¬ stellung. Dabei läuft ein am Spannhebel 70 schwenkbar gela¬ gertes, durch eine Feder 75 gegen einen Anschlag vorbelaste¬ tes Sperrglied 76 am Ansatz 74 auf, überspringt diesen und ruht schliesslich mit seiner Stirnfläche 77 gegenüber der Stirnfläche 78 des Ansatzes 74. Damit ist der Knopf 60 gegen eine erneute Betätigung vor der nächsten Schussabgabe gesi¬ chert. Nach dem Ziehen und Loslassen des Knopfes 60 kann der Spann¬ hebel 44 verschwenkt werden, so dass der Kolben 9 die Luft im Zylinder 8 verdichtet und über die Kanäle 14, 15 und das Rückschlagventil 16 in den Zylinder 10 vor den zurückweichen¬ den Kolben 11 einschiebt. Beim Loslassen des Spannhebels 44 schnellt dieser wegen des Rastgliedes 50 höchstens wenige Millimeter bis zum nächsten Rasteneingriff zurück. Ausserdem dämpft die im Zylinder 10 bereits eingeströmte Luft ein Zurück¬ schlagen des Spannhebels 44. Wenn der Spannhebel 44 ganz nach hinten geschwenkt ist, schlägt die Bügelfeder 55 gegen einen gehäusefesten Anschlag 79 an und wird relativ zum Rastglied 50 nach vorn geschoben, bis das Ende 56 in die Rastausnehmung 57 und somit die Rastnase 51 in die Zahnstange 53 eingreift. Nun ist der Spannhebel 44 bei der Vorwärtsbewegung gegen ein Zurückschnellen gesichert. Während dieser Bewegung wird die Luft im Zylinder 10 auf den Enddruck verdichtet. Ein erneutes Spannen des Spannhebels 44 vor der Schussabgabe ist unmöglich, weil das Rastglied 50 nicht durch den mittels des Sperrglie¬ des 76 gesperrten Knopf 60 umgeschaltet werden kann. Damit ist das Gewehr gegen eine zu hohe Geschossenergie und gegen Ueber- lastung geschützt.Before the shot is fired (FIG. 2), the valve member 22 is supported by a valve lever 34 which can be pivoted about a bolt 33 fixed to the housing. A nose 35 of the lever 34 engages under a conical end face 36 of the shaft 27. In the illustration according to FIG. 2, the perpendicular to the support surface of the nose 35 runs to the left of the axis of the bolt 33, so that the lever 34 is actuated by the opening force of the Ven tilliedes 22 is loaded counterclockwise. The valve lever 34 is held in the position shown in FIG. 2 by a nose 37a of a pivotable, spring-loaded trigger lever 37 (FIG. 5). The trigger lever 37 is pivoted by an actuating lever 38 which is connected to a trigger 40 via a coupling rod 39. The trigger 40 can be pivoted about a further bolt 41 fixed to the housing. When pulling the trigger 40, the lever pivots. 37 clockwise and with its nose 37a releases the valve lever 34. This pivots counterclockwise so that the nose 35 releases the valve member 22 and opens it under the pressure in the chamber 13 (FIG. 3). For this purpose, only very small masses have to be accelerated, so that a very short reaction time elapses between pulling the trigger 40 beyond its pressure point until the firing valve 12 is completely open. The conical valve seat 20 in connection with the cone 21 of the shot valve 12 results in a low-loss acceleration of the outflowing compressed air due to the constant narrowing of the outflow cross section. The construction shown allows the volume between the upper end of the cone 21 and the rear end to be kept very low. As a result, only a slight one takes place until the effective weft development begins . Pre-expansion instead. The stored pressure energy is thus converted to a very large extent into the kinetic energy of the projectile. For tensioning, a tensioning lever 44 arranged in the basic position parallel to the barrel 4 can be pivoted about a bolt 45 inserted into the housing 3 (FIG. 1). The lever 44 is connected to the two pistons 9, 11 by means of an articulated rod 46, 47. For this purpose, the pistons 9, 11 are penetrated at their end facing away from the shot valve 12 by a pin 48, 49, which protrude through longitudinal slots in the cylinders 8, 10 and on which the rods 46, 47 are articulated on the outside. The rod 46 of the low-pressure piston 9 is articulated on the clamping lever 44 with a larger radius by the bolt 45 than the rod 47 of the high-pressure piston -11. The piston 9 therefore has a greater stroke than the piston 11. This stroke ratio is expedient over two and the stroke volume ratio of the low-pressure to high-pressure cylinder is between four and twenty. The articulated geometry is selected such that the articulated triangle of the low-pressure piston 9 almost reaches dead center when the tensioning lever 44 is fully pivoted out (dash-dotted position), while the articulated triangle of the high-pressure piston 11, on the other hand, moves to the basic position of the tensioning lever 44 Dead center just exceeded. It is thus achieved that on the one hand "remains at the end of the compression on the lever 44 force to be applied is limited, on the other hand that the lever 44 is held by the applied in a tensioned state on the piston 11 pressure in the basic position. A locking system shown in FIG. 4 is arranged to secure the tensioning lever 44 against snapping back during tensioning. On the pin 48 outside the cylinder 8, but within the articulated rod 46, a locking member 50 with two locking lugs 51, 52 is pivotally mounted. The two locking lugs 51, 52 are offset from one another in the axial direction of the pin 48 and interact with one of two racks 53, 54 fastened next to one another in the housing 3 with sawtooth-shaped teeth. The latching member 50 is loaded by a bow spring 55 which is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner in the housing 3. For this purpose, the free, curved end 56 of the spring 55 engages in one of two locking recesses 57, 58 of the locking member 50. In the basic position shown, the end 56 rests in the recess 57 and presses the nose 51 into engagement with the toothed rack 53 , so that the piston 9 is secured against displacement to the rear. Before the tensioning lever 44 is tensioned, an actuating button 60 which is displaceable on the barrel 4 and is loaded forwards by a spring 59 is pulled backwards. A projection 61 of the button 60 pushes the bow spring 55 backwards into the other latching recess 58, so that the nose 52 now engages in the rack 54 and releases the lever 44 for the pulling movement. However, as long as the button 60 is still pulled, a bolt 63 fastened to the button 60 and engaging in a bore 62 of the tensioning lever 44 secures the tensioning lever 44. Only after the button 60 is released is the tensioning lever 44 released for actuation. When the button 60 is withdrawn, a pivot lever 68 is pivoted via a pin 67 running in a guide curve 66 of the button 60. A push rod 69 is articulated on the second arm of this lever 68. The rear end of the rod 69 is articulated on a tensioning lever 70 (FIG. 3). The lever 70 is pivotally mounted on a bolt 71 fixed to the housing. A lug 72 of the lever 70 projects under the end face of the stem 27 of the valve member 22. When the rod 69 is pressed, the lug 72 pushes the valve member 22 into the closed position. At the same time, the valve lever 34 is pivoted upward by a spring bracket 73 ' fastened to the lever 70, so that it engages with its nose 35 under the end face 36 and engages behind the nose 37a of the trigger lever 37. An extension 74 of the valve lever 34 pivots from the position shown in FIG. 3 into the position according to FIG. 2. If the button 60 is now released, the rod 69 also moves forward and pivots the clamping lever 70 into the basic position . In this case, a locking member 76 pivotably mounted on the tensioning lever 70 and preloaded against a stop by a spring 75 runs onto the extension 74, jumps over it and finally rests with its end face 77 relative to the end face 78 of the extension 74. The button 60 is thus 60 secured against renewed actuation before the next shot is fired. After pulling and releasing the button 60, the tensioning lever 44 can be pivoted so that the piston 9 compresses the air in the cylinder 8 and via the channels 14, 15 and the check valve 16 into the cylinder 10 in front of the retracting piston 11 inserts. When the tensioning lever 44 is released, it snaps back because of the locking member 50 at most a few millimeters until the next locking engagement. In addition, the air that has already flowed into the cylinder 10 dampens the tensioning lever 44 from striking back. When the tensioning lever 44 is pivoted all the way back, the bow spring 55 strikes against a stop 79 fixed to the housing and is pushed forward relative to the latching member 50 until the end 56 engages in the locking recess 57 and thus the locking lug 51 in the rack 53. Now the clamping lever 44 is secured against snapping back during the forward movement. During this movement, the air in the cylinder 10 is compressed to the final pressure. A renewed tensioning of the tensioning lever 44 before firing the shot is impossible because the locking member 50 cannot be switched over by the button 60 locked by means of the locking member 76. This protects the rifle against excessive projectile energy and against overload.
Beim Betätigen des Spannhebels 44 wird ein Ladeschieber 82 automatisch geöffnet. Der Ladeschieber 82 wird manuell gegen die Kraft einer Feder 83 in die Schliessstellung (Fig. 2 und 5) geschoben, wobei eine in eine Ladenöffnung 84 gelegte Ku- gel 85 durch das gabelförmige vordere Ende 86 des Ladeschie¬ bers 82 in das hintere Laufende eingeschoben wird. Zwischen den beiden Gabelzinken des Endes 86 ist ein bogenförmiger Schlitz 87 ausgefräst, um die Strömungsverluste gering zu halten. Der Ladeschieber 82 hat hinten eine Rastausnehmung 88, in welche in der geschlossenen Stellung der eine Arm ei¬ nes federbelasteten, zweiarmigen Rasthebels 89 eingreift. Der andere Arm des Hebels 89 wird bei vollständigem Zurückschwen¬ ken des Spannhebels 44 durch diesen eingedrückt, so dass der Ladeschieber 82 freigegeben und durch die Feder 83 nach hinten verschoben wird. Dabei verschiebt ein konischer Ansatz 90 ei¬ nen, durch eine Feder 91 nach oben belasteten Stift 92 nach unten. In der unteren Endstellung hat das untere Stirnende des Stiftes 92 nur geringes Spiel gegenüber einem Arm 93 des Ab¬ zugs 40, so dass dieser gegen Betätigung gesperrt ist, bis der Ladeschieber 82 anuel und damit bewusst in die geschlos¬ sene Stellung bewegt ist.When the tensioning lever 44 is actuated, a loading slide 82 is opened automatically. The loading slide 82 is pushed manually against the force of a spring 83 into the closed position (FIGS. 2 and 5), with a plug placed in a loading opening 84 Gel 85 is inserted into the rear barrel end through the fork-shaped front end 86 of the loading slide 82. An arcuate slot 87 is milled out between the two prongs of the end 86 in order to keep the flow losses low. The loading slide 82 has a latching recess 88 in the rear, in which one arm of a spring-loaded, two-armed latching lever 89 engages in the closed position. The other arm of the lever 89 is pushed in by the tensioning lever 44 when the tensioning lever 44 is completely swung back, so that the loading slide 82 is released and pushed backwards by the spring 83. A conical extension 90 moves a pin 92, which is loaded upwards by a spring 91, downwards. In the lower end position, the lower end face of the pin 92 has only slight play with respect to an arm 93 of the trigger 40, so that the latter is locked against actuation until the loading slide 82 is manually and thus deliberately moved into the closed position.
Durch das Kunststoffgehäuse 3 wird eine sehr reibungsarme Verschiebung der Kolben 9, 11 ohne Schmierung ermöglicht, so dass der Energieaufwand für die Betätigung gegenüber bekannten Gewehren gering ist. Durch das Oeffnen des Schussventils mit Gasdruck werden extrem kurze und sehr regelmässige Ventilöff¬ nungszeiten erreicht. Die strömungstechnisch günstige Ausbil¬ dung am Ventilkegel 21 und im Ladeschieberende 86 helfen, die Strömungsverluste gering zu halten. Durch die beschriebene konstruktive Anordnung des Schussventils und des Ladeschie- bers zum Laufende wird das Schadvolumen und damit die Vor¬ expansion minimal. Alle diese Massnahmen tragen dazu bei, den Wirkungsgrad der Umsetzung der in der Druckluft gespeicherten Energie in kinetische Geschossenergie zu erhöhen. Dadurch kann für eine gegebene kinetische Geschossenergie der erfor¬ derliche Druck in der Kammer 13 gegenüber bekannten Waffen erheblich gesenkt werden. Ein tiefer Speicherdruck ist eine Voraussetzung für niedere Kräfte am Spannhebel 44. Eine wei¬ tere Voraussetzung ist die Ausbildung der Kinematik, mittels welcher dieser Druck erzeugt wird. Weil beide Kolben 9 und 11 durch je eine separate Gelenkstange 46 und 47 mit dem Spann¬ hebel 44 verbunden sind, kann die Kurbel-Kinematik für beide Kolben so optimiert und vorallem aufeinander abgestimmt wer¬ den, dass trotz der hyperbolioschen Charakteristik des Druck- Weg-Zusammenhangs der nahezu isothermen Kompression keine wesentlichen Drehmoment-Spitzen am Hebel 44 erforderlich wer¬ den. Das zum Spannen erforderliche maximale Drehmoment am He¬ bel 44 ist so tief, dass dieser relativ kurz ausgebildet wer¬ den kann. Bei einem Prototyp für eine max. Schussenergie von 7.5 Joule, lag die maximal anzuwendende Kraft am 300mm langen Spannhebel unter 40 N. Dieser geringe Muskelkraft-Aufwand und die günstige Lage des Spannhebeldrehpunktes ermöglichen dem Schützen ein Spannen in der Anschlagstellung. Weil das Schuss¬ ventil 12 präzis und rasch öffnet, weich anschlägt und dabei geringe Massen bewegt, werden und das Kunststoffgehäuse die Schwingungen dämpft ist die Schussabgabe erschütterungsarm und die auf das Geschoss übertragene Energie streut wenig. Dadurch wird eine hohe Präzision der Waffe erreicht. Durch die eingebauten Sperren und Sicherungen ist das Gewehr abso¬ lut bedienungssicher. Durch die nahezu metallfreien Druckluft¬ räume ist das Drucksystem korrosionsfest und wartungsarm. Durch die geringe Anzahl der Bauteile werden Herstell- und Montagezeiten niedrig gehalten. Die beschriebene Ausbildung eignet sich nicht nur für Gewehre, sondern auch für Druck¬ luftpistolen. The plastic housing 3 enables a very low-friction displacement of the pistons 9, 11 without lubrication, so that the energy expenditure for actuation is low compared to known rifles. By opening the shot valve with gas pressure, extremely short and very regular valve opening times are achieved. The aerodynamically favorable design on the valve cone 21 and in the loading slide end 86 help the To keep flow losses low. The described structural arrangement of the shot valve and the loading slide towards the end minimizes the damage volume and thus the pre-expansion. All of these measures contribute to increasing the efficiency of the conversion of the energy stored in the compressed air into kinetic projectile energy. As a result, for a given kinetic projectile energy, the pressure required in the chamber 13 can be considerably reduced compared to known weapons. A low accumulator pressure is a prerequisite for low forces on the tensioning lever 44. Another prerequisite is the formation of the kinematics by means of which this pressure is generated. Because both pistons 9 and 11 are each connected to the tensioning lever 44 by a separate articulated rod 46 and 47, the crank kinematics for both pistons can be optimized and, above all, coordinated with one another in such a way that despite the hyperbolic characteristic of the pressure path In connection with the almost isothermal compression, no significant torque peaks on the lever 44 are required. The maximum torque required for tensioning on lever 44 is so low that it can be made relatively short. With a prototype for a max. Shot energy of 7.5 joules, the maximum force to be used on the 300mm long clamping lever was less than 40 N. This low muscle effort and the favorable position of the clamping lever pivot point allow the shooter to cock in the stop position. Because the shot valve 12 opens precisely and quickly, hits softly and at the same time small masses are moved and the plastic housing dampens the vibrations, the shot is low in vibration and the energy transferred to the projectile scatters little. This ensures a high precision of the weapon. The rifle is absolutely safe to use due to the built-in locks and safeguards. Due to the almost metal-free compressed air spaces, the pressure system is corrosion-resistant and low-maintenance. Due to the small number of components, manufacturing and assembly times are kept low. The design described is suitable not only for rifles, but also for compressed air pistols.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Druckluftwaffe mit einem Lauf (4) , einem in einem grösseren Niederdruckzylinder (8) angeordneten ersten Ver¬ dichtungskolben (9) , einem in einem kleineren Hochdruckzylin¬ der (10) angeordneten zweiten Verdichtungskolben (11) , einem in einem Ventilgehäuse angeordneten Schussventil (12) , das über einen Abzug (40) betätigbar ist, sowie .einem Spannhebel (44) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens der Niederdruck¬ zylinder (8) und das Ventilgehäuse als ein einstückiger Kunst¬ stoffkörper (3) ausgebildet sind, in welchem der Lauf (4) befestigt ist.1. Compressed air weapon with a barrel (4), a first compression piston (9) arranged in a larger low-pressure cylinder (8), a second compression piston (11) arranged in a smaller high-pressure cylinder (10), a shot valve arranged in a valve housing (12), which can be actuated via a trigger (40), and a tensioning lever (44), characterized in that at least the low-pressure cylinder (8) and the valve housing are designed as a one-piece plastic body (3), in which the barrel (4) is attached.
2. Druckluftwaffe mit einem Lauf (4) , einem in einem grösseren Niederdruckzylinder (8) angeordneten ersten Verdichtungskolben (9) , einem in einem kleineren Hochdruck¬ zylinder (10) angeordneten zweiten Verdichtungskolben (11) , einem in einem Ventilgehäuse angeordneten Schussventil (12) , das über einen Abzug (40) betätigbar ist, sowie einem Spann¬ hebel (44) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spannhebel (44) mittels je einer separaten Gelenkstange (46,47) mit beiden Kolben (9,11) verbunden ist.2. Compressed air weapon with a barrel (4), a first compression piston (9) arranged in a larger low-pressure cylinder (8), a second compression piston (11) arranged in a smaller high-pressure cylinder (10), a shot valve (12 ), which can be actuated via a trigger (40), and a tensioning lever (44), characterized in that the tensioning lever (44) is connected to both pistons (9, 11) by means of a separate articulated rod (46, 47) .
3. Waffe nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schwenkachse (45) des Spannhebels (44) zwischen den beiden Ebenen liegt, die durch die beiden Kolbenbδden bei jeweils halbem Hub der Kolben (9,11) gegeben sind.3. Gun according to claim 2, characterized in that the pivot axis (45) of the clamping lever (44) between the two levels, which are given by the two piston heads at half the stroke of the pistons (9, 11).
4. Waffe nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass das Verhältnis des Hubvolumens des Nieder¬ druckzylinders (8) zum Hubvolumen des Hochdruckzylinders (10) zwischen vier und zwanzig beträgt, und dass das Verhältnis des Hubes des ersten Kolbens (9) zum Hub des zweiten Kolbens4. Weapon according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the ratio of the stroke volume of the low-pressure cylinder (8) to the stroke volume of the high-pressure cylinder (10) is between four and twenty, and that the ratio of the stroke of the first piston (9 ) to the stroke of the second piston
(11) grösser als zwei ist.(11) is greater than two.
5. Druckluftwaffe mit einem Lauf (4) , einem in einem grösseren Niederdruckzylinder (8) angeordneten ersten Verdichtungskolben (9) , einem in einem kleineren Hochdruck¬ zylinder (10) angeordneten zweiten Verdichtungskolben (11) , einem in einem Ventilgehäuse angeordneten Schussventil (12) , das über einen Abzug (40) betätigbar ist, sowie einem Spann¬ hebel (44) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Waffe eine Sperreinrichtung (50,53,54; 62,63;74,76; 90-93) enthält, die ausschliesslich eine vorgegebene Bewegungssequenz für den Ladevorgang und die Schussabgabe zulässt, wobei jede der für den Ladevorgang erforderlichen Bewegungen mechanisch gesperrt ist, bis die in der Sequenz vorangehende Bewegung vollendet ist.5. compressed air weapon with a barrel (4), a first compression piston (9) arranged in a larger low-pressure cylinder (8), a second compression piston (11) arranged in a smaller high-pressure cylinder (10), a shot valve (12 ), which can be actuated via a trigger (40), and a cocking lever (44), characterized in that the weapon contains a locking device (50, 53, 54; 62, 63; 74, 76; 90-93), which only allows a predetermined sequence of movements for the loading process and the firing of the shot, each of the movements required for the loading process being mechanically blocked until the preceding movement in the sequence has been completed.
6. Waffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Zylinder (8,10) annähernd parallel zur und unterhalb der Laufachse angeordnet sind, 16. Gun according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the two cylinders (8, 10) are arranged approximately parallel to and below the barrel axis, 1
dass das Schussventil (12) zwischen den beiden Zylindern (8,10) angeordnet ist, und dass beide Zylinder (8,10) über je einen Kanal (14,15) mit einer Kammer (13) des Schussventils verbunden sind, wobei in dem dem Niederdruckzylinder (8) zu¬ geordneten Kanal (15) ein Rückschlagventil (16) angeordnet ist.that the shot valve (12) is arranged between the two cylinders (8, 10), and that both cylinders (8, 10) are each connected via a channel (14, 15) to a chamber (13) of the shot valve, in which a check valve (16) is arranged in the channel (15) assigned to the low-pressure cylinder (8).
7. Waffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das Schussventilgehäuse in Richtung zum Laufeintritt verjüngt, dass ein zylindrischer Schaft (27) des Ventilgliedes (22) des Schussventils (12) mittels einer Gleitdichtung (28) gegenüber dem Ventilgehäuse abgedichtet ist, und dass der Durchmesser des zylindrischen Schaftes (27) grösser ist als der Durchmesser der abdichtenden Berührungs¬ linie (25) zwischen Ventilglied (22) und Gehäuse in der Ver¬ jüngung (20) zum Laufeintritt.7. Gun according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the shot valve housing tapers in the direction of the barrel entry, that a cylindrical shaft (27) of the valve member (22) of the shot valve (12) by means of a sliding seal (28) relative to the valve housing is sealed, and that the diameter of the cylindrical shaft (27) is larger than the diameter of the sealing contact line (25) between the valve member (22) and the housing in the taper (20) at the barrel inlet.
8. Waffe nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtung zwischen Ventilglied (22) und Gehäuse in der Verjüngung (20) derart ausgebildet ist, dass der Durch¬ messer der abdichtenden Berührungslinie (25) unabhängig vom Druck im Hochdruckzylinder (10) ist.8. Gun according to claim 7, characterized in that the seal between the valve member (22) and the housing in the taper (20) is formed such that the diameter of the sealing contact line (25) is independent of the pressure in the high-pressure cylinder (10) .
9. Waffe nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass am zylindrischen Schaft (27) ein Flansch (30) angeformt ist, der bei geöffnetem Schussventil (12) an der gehäusefest angeordneten elastomeren Gleitdichtung (28) an¬ liegt. ,89. Weapon according to claim 7 or 8, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a flange (30) is formed on the cylindrical shaft (27), which bears against the housing-arranged elastomeric sliding seal (28) when the shot valve (12) is open. ,8th
10. Waffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass parallel zum Niederdruckzylinder (8) eine Raststange (53,54) mit einer Reihe von Rasten angeordnet ist, dass mit dem einen der Kolben (9) ein schwenkbares Rast¬ glied (50) mit zwei Rastnasen (51,52) verbunden ist, die je mit den Rasten der Raststangen (53,54) zusammenwirken, und dass das Rastglied (50) durch eine Feder (55) belastet ist, die in zwei Stellungen verschiebbar ist, wobei die Feder (55) bei vollständig ausgeschwenktem Spannhebel (44) selbsttätig von der ersten in die zweite Stellung verschoben wird und in der Grundstellung des Spannhebels (44) durch ein manuelles Betätigungselement (60) von der zweiten in die erste Stellung verschiebbar ist.10. Weapon according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a locking rod (53,54) with a series of detents is arranged parallel to the low-pressure cylinder (8), that with one of the pistons (9) a pivotable locking member (50) is connected to two locking lugs (51, 52), which each cooperate with the locking of the locking rods (53, 54), and that the locking member (50) is loaded by a spring (55) which can be moved in two positions The spring (55) is automatically shifted from the first to the second position when the tensioning lever (44) is completely swung out and, in the basic position of the tensioning lever (44), can be shifted from the second to the first position by a manual actuating element (60).
11. Waffe nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Betätigungselement (60) eine mit der Abzugvorrich¬ tung verbundene Sperre (76) aufweist, die nur bei vorher betätigtem Abzug (40) entsperrt ist.11. Weapon according to claim 10, characterized in that the actuating element (60) has a lock (76) connected to the trigger device, which is only unlocked when the trigger (40) is actuated beforehand.
12. Waffe nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass das Betätigungselement (60) mit einer Ein¬ richtung (70,72) zum Rückführen des Schussventils (12) in die geschlossene Stellung verbunden ist.12. Weapon according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the actuating element (60) is connected to a device (70, 72) for returning the shot valve (12) into the closed position.
13. Waffe nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Betätigungselement (60) ausserhalb seiner Ruhelage den Spannhebel (44) sperrt. '513. Gun according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the actuating element (60) blocks the clamping lever (44) outside its rest position. '5
14. Waffe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abzug (40) mit einem Sperrglied (92) zusammenwirkt, das mit einem Ladeschieber (82) derart zusam¬ menwirkt, dass der Abzug (40) bei geöffnetem Ladeschieber14. Gun according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the trigger (40) cooperates with a locking member (92) which interacts with a loading slide (82) such that the trigger (40) when the loading slide is open
(82) gesperrt ist.(82) is locked.
15. Waffe nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladeschieber (82) durch eine Feder (83) in seine geöffnete Stellung vorbelastet und durch ein Rastelement (89) in seiner geschlossenen Stellung gehalten ist, und dass das Rastelement (89) bei vollständig ausgeschwenktem Lade¬ hebel (44) gelöst ist. 15. Weapon according to claim 14, characterized in that the loading slide (82) is biased into its open position by a spring (83) and is held in its closed position by a latching element (89), and in that the latching element (89) is complete pivoted loading lever (44) is released.
EP89903137A 1988-03-09 1989-03-06 Compressed-air weapon Expired - Lifetime EP0440617B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH89088 1988-03-09
CH890/88 1988-03-09
PCT/EP1989/000229 WO1989008816A1 (en) 1988-03-09 1989-03-06 Compressed-air weapon

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0440617A1 true EP0440617A1 (en) 1991-08-14
EP0440617B1 EP0440617B1 (en) 1994-08-24

Family

ID=4197567

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89903137A Expired - Lifetime EP0440617B1 (en) 1988-03-09 1989-03-06 Compressed-air weapon

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5154157A (en)
EP (1) EP0440617B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03503310A (en)
AT (1) ATE110464T1 (en)
DE (1) DE58908243D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2020018A6 (en)
WO (1) WO1989008816A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4007098C2 (en) * 1990-03-07 1995-04-27 Walther Carl Gmbh Air gun
US5761840A (en) * 1997-03-24 1998-06-09 Crosman Corporation Loader and toggle link assembly for gun
AT3457U1 (en) * 1998-08-13 2000-03-27 Steyr Daimler Puch Ag COMPRESSED GAS FIREARM WITH LIGHTWEIGHT CASE
US6343598B1 (en) * 1999-11-30 2002-02-05 Valery Pshenychny Air gun
US6857422B2 (en) * 2003-06-12 2005-02-22 Tricord Solutions, Inc. Portable electric driven compressed air gun
US7086393B1 (en) * 2003-11-24 2006-08-08 Moss Robert A Hybrid airgun

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1292665A (en) * 1918-02-19 1919-01-28 Ude P Udesen Air-gun.
US1825489A (en) * 1930-03-10 1931-09-29 Hans T Tostenson Repeating air gun
GB711542A (en) * 1951-04-26 1954-07-07 William Robert Boyle Improvements in or relating to air guns
US2828579A (en) * 1957-05-27 1958-04-01 George N Schwerbel Bubble gun
DE1206331B (en) * 1963-03-11 1965-12-02 Fritz Walther Compressed air gun
US3320941A (en) * 1965-09-27 1967-05-23 Houghton John George Compressed gas operated harpoon gun
US3763843A (en) * 1972-06-16 1973-10-09 Victor Comptometer Corp Pneumatic gun
DE2263271A1 (en) * 1972-12-23 1974-06-27 Walter Gehmann PNEUMATIC RIFLE

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8908816A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5154157A (en) 1992-10-13
EP0440617B1 (en) 1994-08-24
ATE110464T1 (en) 1994-09-15
ES2020018A6 (en) 1991-07-16
DE58908243D1 (en) 1994-09-29
JPH03503310A (en) 1991-07-25
WO1989008816A1 (en) 1989-09-21

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