EP0435883B1 - Winding device - Google Patents
Winding device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0435883B1 EP0435883B1 EP89909712A EP89909712A EP0435883B1 EP 0435883 B1 EP0435883 B1 EP 0435883B1 EP 89909712 A EP89909712 A EP 89909712A EP 89909712 A EP89909712 A EP 89909712A EP 0435883 B1 EP0435883 B1 EP 0435883B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cover
- mandrel
- slot
- coil
- reel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
- B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
- B65H75/18—Constructional details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
- B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
- B65H75/18—Constructional details
- B65H75/24—Constructional details adjustable in configuration, e.g. expansible
- B65H75/242—Expansible spindles, mandrels or chucks, e.g. for securing or releasing cores, holders or packages
- B65H75/245—Expansible spindles, mandrels or chucks, e.g. for securing or releasing cores, holders or packages by deformation of an elastic or flexible material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/50—Storage means for webs, tapes, or filamentary material
- B65H2701/51—Cores or reels characterised by the material
- B65H2701/514—Elastic elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a reel system for winding metal strips with an expandable reel mandrel and an interchangeable cover made of elastomeric material arranged thereon, which has a continuous slot connecting its two ends.
- Coiler mandrel covers made of elastomeric material are used in the strip processing and finishing industry for winding and unwinding coils.
- the reel mandrel covers serve to compensate for the free space between the inner surface of the coil and the outer surface of the reel mandrel and are also intended to protect the metal strip so that the protruding edges of the reel mandrel jaws or the cut edge of the strip start do not press into the coil turns above.
- the reel mandrel covers are now an essential part of a modern reel system, since the slightest unevenness can be seen in these products due to several turns, resulting in unusable strip sections at the beginning or end of the strip.
- a generic reel system is known for example from DE-A-3503786.
- the cover made of elastomeric material used there has a slot running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel, through which the band can be inserted into the clamping slot of the coiler mandrel.
- fixation devices are incorporated in the cover, which e.g. consist of a reinforcement layer embedded in the elastomer material.
- GB-A-261853, Figure 3 is a steel cover sleeve known for a winding mandrel for winding paper, which also has a slightly circumferential continuous slot.
- a slotted steel body is not suitable as a reel cover for strip systems in which metal strip is wound up, since the opposite edges of the slot can already damage the strip.
- reel mandrel covers made of elastomeric material, there is the problem that reversible toothability is limited. If the material is expanded by more than about 10% when spreading the reel mandrel to compensate for larger tolerances, permanent plastic deformations of the cover result, so that on the one hand the reel mandrel with the cover can no longer fit tightly inside a coil eye, on the other hand there is through the permanent plastic deformation the risk that when the coils are removed from the Haspaldorn the cover with the coil is removed from the mandrel.
- the invention has for its object to further develop a reel system of the generic type in such a way that the elastomeric material of the cover no longer remains deformed even with larger expansions.
- this object is achieved in that the slot extends in the circumferential direction by at least 180 ° around the cover.
- the cover can expand somewhat when the mandrel is spread by a relative movement of the adjoining slot edges, so that inadmissible expansion of the cover material is prevented despite the considerable increase in diameter.
- the cover expands by displacing its inner surface on the outside of the coiler mandrel without the protective effect of the cover for the coil being reduced.
- the dimensional stability of the cover is so great that it returns to its original shape after the coiler mandrel has been moved together. This ensures a secure fit on the reel mandrel surface.
- the slot runs approximately helically around the central axis of the cover.
- a slot designed in this way guarantees a high elasticity of the cover body and is easy to implement in the manufacture of the reel mandrel covers.
- the helical slot expediently extends several times around the cover, depending on the ratio of the length to the diameter of the cover, the slot runs around two to four times around the cylindrical cover body.
- the slot catch or the slot end can run parallel to the central axis of the cover. This ensures that the cover rests on the reel mandrel with a sufficiently large area at the start or end of the slot, so that damage when pushing on the coils or when pulling up and pulling off the reel mandrel cover on the reel mandrel is avoided.
- a low coefficient of friction between the reel mandrel surface and the inner curvature surface of the cover and between this and the inner turn of the coil is desirable so that the spring-apart cover parts can slide easily on the reel surface or on the coil.
- the inside and outside of the reel mandrel cover are therefore preferably made of a material that has a low coefficient of friction with respect to steel.
- the reel system shown in FIG. 1 is provided with an overhung, expandable reel mandrel 1, which is mounted on the drive side in a machine frame 2.
- a coil 3 is arranged on the coiler mandrel 1 for winding or unwinding.
- the coiler mandrel cover 4 protects the coil 3 from damage caused by the coiler mandrel jaws 6. Because of the slot 5, which extends approximately helically around the cover the reel mandrel cover 4 expands during the spreading operation of the reel mandrel 2, without excessive stretching of the cover material occurring.
- the reel mandrel cover 4 is shown in an enlarged perspective view compared to FIG. 1.
- the helical slot 5 extends three times around the cylindrical cover body and runs at the front or rear end of the reel mandrel cover 4 parallel to the central axis of the cover 4.
- the start and end segments of the reel mandrel cover 4 have a sufficiently high degree of rigidity to be protected against damage which can occur when the coil is pushed on or pulled off due to slipped coil turns or, for example, inaccurate centering of the coil.
Landscapes
- Winding, Rewinding, Material Storage Devices (AREA)
- Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Winding Of Webs (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Haspelanlage zum Wickeln von Metallbändern mit einem spreizbaren Haspeldorn sowie einem auf diesem angeordneten auswechselbaren Bezug aus elastomerem Material, der einen sein beiden Enden verbindenden durchgehenden Schlitz aufweist.The invention relates to a reel system for winding metal strips with an expandable reel mandrel and an interchangeable cover made of elastomeric material arranged thereon, which has a continuous slot connecting its two ends.
Haspeldornbezüge aus elastomerem Material werden in der bandverarbeitenden und veredelnden Industrie zum Auf- und zum Abwickeln von Coils eingesetzt. Die Haspeldornbezüge dienen zum Ausgleich des Freiraums zwischen der Innenfläche des Coils und der Außenfläche des Haspeldorns und sollen gleichzeitig das Metallband schützen, damit sich die vorspringenden Kanten der Haspeldornbacken bzw. die Schnittkante des Bandanfanges nicht in die darüberliegenden Coilwindungen durchdrücken.Coiler mandrel covers made of elastomeric material are used in the strip processing and finishing industry for winding and unwinding coils. The reel mandrel covers serve to compensate for the free space between the inner surface of the coil and the outer surface of the reel mandrel and are also intended to protect the metal strip so that the protruding edges of the reel mandrel jaws or the cut edge of the strip start do not press into the coil turns above.
Die Haspeldornbezüge sind durch die gestiegenen Qualitätsanforderungen insbesondere bei dünner, kaltgewalzten und veredelten Bändern heute wesentlicher Bestandteil einer modernen Haspelanlage, da sich bei diesen Produkten bereits geringste Unebenheiten durch mehrere Windungen durchdrücken und somit am Bandanfang bzw. Bandende unbrauchbare Bandabschnitte ergeben.Due to the increased quality requirements, especially for thin, cold-rolled and refined strips, the reel mandrel covers are now an essential part of a modern reel system, since the slightest unevenness can be seen in these products due to several turns, resulting in unusable strip sections at the beginning or end of the strip.
Eine gattungsgemäße Haspelanlage ist beispielsweise aus der DE-A-3503786 bekannt. Der dort verwendete Bezug aus elastomerem Material weist einen parallel zur Dornlängsachse verlaufenden Schlitz auf, durch den das Band in den Klemmschlitz des Haspeldornes eingeführt werden kann. Zur Erzielung eines festen Sitzes des Bezuges auf dem Dorn sind in dem Bezug Fixierungseinrichtungen eingearbeitet, die z.B. aus einer in das Elastomer-Material eingebetteten Verstärkungslage bestehen.A generic reel system is known for example from DE-A-3503786. The cover made of elastomeric material used there has a slot running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel, through which the band can be inserted into the clamping slot of the coiler mandrel. To achieve a firm fit of the cover on the mandrel, fixation devices are incorporated in the cover, which e.g. consist of a reinforcement layer embedded in the elastomer material.
Aus der GB-A-261853, Figur 3, ist eine stählerne Bezughülse für einen Aufwickeldorn zum Aufwickeln von Papier bekannt, die einen auch geringfügig in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden durchgehenden Schlitz aufweist. Für Bandanlagen, bei denen Metallband aufgehaspelt wird, ist ein solcher geschlitzter Stahlkörper als Haspelbezug nicht geeignet, da die gegenüberliegenden Kanten des Schlitzes bereits zu Beschädigungen des Bandes führen können.GB-A-261853, Figure 3, is a steel cover sleeve known for a winding mandrel for winding paper, which also has a slightly circumferential continuous slot. Such a slotted steel body is not suitable as a reel cover for strip systems in which metal strip is wound up, since the opposite edges of the slot can already damage the strip.
Bei Haspeldornbezügen aus elastomerem Material besteht das Problem, daß die reversible Dahnbarkeit begrenzt ist. Wird das Material beim Spreizen des Haspeldornes zum Ausgleich größarer Toleranzen um mehr als etwa 10 % gedehnt, ergeben sich bleibende plastische Verformungen des Bezuges, so daß einerseits der Haspeldorn mit dem Bezug nicht mehr fest genug im Inneren eines Coilauges anliegen kann, zum anderen besteht durch die bleibende plastische Verformung die Gefahr, daß beim Abziehen der Coils vom Haspaldorn der Bezug mit dem Coil vom Dorn entfernt wird.With reel mandrel covers made of elastomeric material, there is the problem that reversible toothability is limited. If the material is expanded by more than about 10% when spreading the reel mandrel to compensate for larger tolerances, permanent plastic deformations of the cover result, so that on the one hand the reel mandrel with the cover can no longer fit tightly inside a coil eye, on the other hand there is through the permanent plastic deformation the risk that when the coils are removed from the Haspaldorn the cover with the coil is removed from the mandrel.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Haspelanlage der gattungsgemäßen Art derart weiterzuentwickeln, daß sich das elastomere Material des Bezuges selbst bei größeren Dehnungen nicht mehr bleiben verformt.The invention has for its object to further develop a reel system of the generic type in such a way that the elastomeric material of the cover no longer remains deformed even with larger expansions.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß sich der Schlitz in Umfangsrichtung um mindestens 180° um den Bezug herum erstreckt.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the slot extends in the circumferential direction by at least 180 ° around the cover.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung kann sich der Bezug beim Spreizen des Dornes durch eine Relativbewegung der aneinander angrenzenden Schlitzkanten etwas aufdrehen, so daß trotz erheblicher Durchmesservergrößerung eine unzulässige Dehnung des Bezugmateriales verhindert wird. Beim Auseinanderspreizen des Haspeldornes weitet sich der Bezug durch eine Verschiebung seiner Innenfläche auf der Außenseite des Haspeldornes auf, ohne daß die Schutzwirkung des Bezuges für das Coil verringert wird.Due to the design according to the invention, the cover can expand somewhat when the mandrel is spread by a relative movement of the adjoining slot edges, so that inadmissible expansion of the cover material is prevented despite the considerable increase in diameter. When the coiler mandrel is spread apart, the cover expands by displacing its inner surface on the outside of the coiler mandrel without the protective effect of the cover for the coil being reduced.
Die Formstabilität des Bezuges ist außerordentlich so groß, daß er nach dem Zusammenfahren des Haspeldornes wieder genau seine Ausgangsform annimmt. Dadurch ist ein sicherer Sitz auf der Haspeldornoberfläche gewährleistet.The dimensional stability of the cover is so great that it returns to its original shape after the coiler mandrel has been moved together. This ensures a secure fit on the reel mandrel surface.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung des Haspeldornbezuges umläuft der Schlitz die Mittelachse des Bezuges etwa schraubenlinienförmig. Ein derart ausgestalteter Schlitz garantiert eine hohe Elastizität des Bezugkörpers und ist bei der Herstellung der Haspeldornbezüge einfach zu realisieren.In a preferred embodiment of the reel mandrel cover, the slot runs approximately helically around the central axis of the cover. A slot designed in this way guarantees a high elasticity of the cover body and is easy to implement in the manufacture of the reel mandrel covers.
Zweckmäßig erstreckt sich der schraubenlinienförmige Schlitz mehrfach um den Bezug herum, de nach dem Verhältnis von länge zu Durchmesser des Bezuges läuft der Schlitz etwa zwei- bis viermal um den zylindrischen Bezugkörper herum.The helical slot expediently extends several times around the cover, depending on the ratio of the length to the diameter of the cover, the slot runs around two to four times around the cylindrical cover body.
Der Schlitzenfang bzw. das Schlitzende kann parallel zur Mittelachse des Bezuges verlaufen. So ist gewährleistet, daß der Bezug am Schlitzanfang bzw. Ende mit einer genügend großen Fläche auf den Haspeldorn aufliegt, so daß Beschädigungen beim Aufschieben der Coils bzw. beim Auf- und Abziehen des Haspeldornbezuges auf den Haspeldorn vermieden werden.The slot catch or the slot end can run parallel to the central axis of the cover. This ensures that the cover rests on the reel mandrel with a sufficiently large area at the start or end of the slot, so that damage when pushing on the coils or when pulling up and pulling off the reel mandrel cover on the reel mandrel is avoided.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Bezug ist ein niedriger Reibbeiwert zwischen der Haspaldornoberfläche und der inneren Krümmungsfläche des Bezuges sowie zwischen dieser und der inneren Windung des Coils wünschenswert, damit ein Gleiten der auseinanderfedernden Bezugteile auf der Haspeldonoberfläche bzw. am Coil leicht erfolgen kann. Die Innenseite und die Außenseite des Haspeldornbezuges bestehen daher vorzugsweise aus einem Material, das einen geringen Reibbeiwert in bezug auf Stahl aufweist.In the case of the cover according to the invention, a low coefficient of friction between the reel mandrel surface and the inner curvature surface of the cover and between this and the inner turn of the coil is desirable so that the spring-apart cover parts can slide easily on the reel surface or on the coil. The inside and outside of the reel mandrel cover are therefore preferably made of a material that has a low coefficient of friction with respect to steel.
Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, zwischen Bezug und Haspeldorn und zwischen Bezug und Coil Gleitmittel einzubringen, die als feste oder flüssige Mittel den Reibbeiwert zwischen dem elastomeren Material und dem Stahl des Haspeldornes bzw. des Coils verringern können.In addition, it is possible to choose between reference and Introduce the reel mandrel and between the cover and the coil lubricant, which as a solid or liquid agent can reduce the coefficient of friction between the elastomeric material and the steel of the reel mandrel or the coil.
Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung beispielsweise veranschaulicht und im nachstehenden im einzelnen anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Haspelanlage mit aufgewickeltem Coil, bei der der Haspeldorn mit einem Bezug versehen ist und
- Fig. 2
- in gegenüber Fig. 1 vergrößerter perspektivischer Darstellung eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Haspeldornbezuges.
- Fig. 1
- a perspective view of a reel system with a wound coil, in which the reel mandrel is provided with a cover and
- Fig. 2
- in an enlarged perspective view compared to FIG. 1, a preferred embodiment of the reel mandrel cover.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Haspelanlage ist mit einem fliegend gelagerten, spreizbaren Haspeldorn 1 versehen, der antriebsseitig in einem Maschinengestell 2 gelagert ist. Auf dem Haspeldorn 1 ist zum Auf- bzw. Abwickeln ein Coil 3 angeordnet. Zwischen dem Haspeldorn 1 und der inneren Fläche des Coilauges befindet sich ein Haspeldornbezug 4 alt einem Schlitz 5. Der Haspeldornbezug 4 schützt das Coil 3 vor Beschädigungen durch die Haspeldornbacken 6. Aufgrund des Schlitzes 5, der sich etwa schraubenlinienförmig um den Bezug herum erstreckt, kann sich der Haspeldornbezug 4 während des Spreizvorganges des Haspeldorns 2 aufweiten, ohne daß zu hohe Dehnungen des Bezugmaterials auftreten.The reel system shown in FIG. 1 is provided with an overhung,
In Fig. 2 ist der Haspeldornbezug 4 in gegenüber Fig. 1 vergrößerter perspektivischer Darstellung gezeigt. Der schraubenlinienförmig ausgebildete Schlitz 5 erstreckt sich drei mal um den zylindrischen Bezugkörper herum und verläuft am vorderen bzw. hinteren Ende des Haspeldornbezuges 4 parallel zur Mittelachse des Bezuges 4.2, the reel mandrel cover 4 is shown in an enlarged perspective view compared to FIG. 1. The
Dadurch weisen die Anfangs- bzw. Endsegmente des Haspeldornbezuges 4 eine genügend große Steifigkeit auf, um vor Beschädigungen geschützt zu sein, die beim Aufschieben bzw. Abziehen des Coils durch verrutschte Coilwindungen oder beispielsweise bei ungenauer Zentrierung des Coils auftreten können.As a result, the start and end segments of the reel mandrel cover 4 have a sufficiently high degree of rigidity to be protected against damage which can occur when the coil is pushed on or pulled off due to slipped coil turns or, for example, inaccurate centering of the coil.
Claims (6)
- A reeling unit for coiling metal strip on an expandable reel mandrel upon which an interchangeable cover of elastomeric material is arranged, said cover having a continuous slot which connects the two ends of the cover together, characterized in that the slot (5) extends peripherally around the cover (4) through at least 180°.
- A reeling unit according to claim 1 , characterized in that the slot (5) passes approximately helically around the centreline of the cover (4).
- A reeling unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the helical slot (5) extends several times around the cover.
- A reeling unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the beginning and the end of the slot run approximately parallel with the centreline of the cover (4).
- A reeling unit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cover (4) comprises, upon its inner curved surface resting upon the mandrel (1), and/or upon its outer surface, a rubber mix which reduces friction between the cover (4) and the mandrel (1) or between the cover (4) and the coil (3).
- A reeling unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that friction-reducing lubricants are provided between the cover (4) and the mandrel (1) or between the cover (4) and the coil (3).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3831855A DE3831855A1 (en) | 1988-09-20 | 1988-09-20 | REEL SYSTEM |
| DE3831855 | 1988-09-20 | ||
| PCT/DE1989/000589 WO1990003328A1 (en) | 1988-09-20 | 1989-09-14 | Winding device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0435883A1 EP0435883A1 (en) | 1991-07-10 |
| EP0435883B1 true EP0435883B1 (en) | 1994-10-05 |
Family
ID=6363288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89909712A Expired - Lifetime EP0435883B1 (en) | 1988-09-20 | 1989-09-14 | Winding device |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0435883B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE112535T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3831855A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990003328A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT397953B (en) * | 1991-12-04 | 1994-08-25 | Pfauser Alexander | Winding machine and winding method for web-like material, in particular for bandages |
| DE19921637A1 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2000-11-16 | Friedrich Richter | Paper, plastic or textile web winding shaft has braking system which is capable of rapid disassembly and re-assembly for repair |
| US6460796B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2002-10-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Reel for supporting composite coiled tubing |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB261853A (en) * | 1925-09-07 | 1926-12-07 | Ernest Edwin Sheldon | Improvements in and relating to reel bars for reeling paper or other material |
| US3396918A (en) * | 1967-01-09 | 1968-08-13 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Expandable adapter |
| DE2041860A1 (en) * | 1970-08-24 | 1972-03-02 | Brahm Walter Im | Clamping sleeve for reel mandrel with continuously variable, closed circumferential surface |
| DE3503786A1 (en) * | 1985-02-05 | 1986-08-07 | Pahl'sche Gummi- und Asbest-Gesellschaft "Paguag" GmbH & Co, 4000 Düsseldorf | Reel system |
-
1988
- 1988-09-20 DE DE3831855A patent/DE3831855A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-09-14 EP EP89909712A patent/EP0435883B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-14 DE DE58908479T patent/DE58908479D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-14 WO PCT/DE1989/000589 patent/WO1990003328A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-09-14 AT AT89909712T patent/ATE112535T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE112535T1 (en) | 1994-10-15 |
| DE3831855A1 (en) | 1990-03-29 |
| WO1990003328A1 (en) | 1990-04-05 |
| DE58908479D1 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
| EP0435883A1 (en) | 1991-07-10 |
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