EP0435770B1 - Turbomachine refroidie par air et procédé de refroidissement de cette turbomachine - Google Patents
Turbomachine refroidie par air et procédé de refroidissement de cette turbomachine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0435770B1 EP0435770B1 EP90403776A EP90403776A EP0435770B1 EP 0435770 B1 EP0435770 B1 EP 0435770B1 EP 90403776 A EP90403776 A EP 90403776A EP 90403776 A EP90403776 A EP 90403776A EP 0435770 B1 EP0435770 B1 EP 0435770B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- turbine
- compressor
- high pressure
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
- F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
- F02C7/185—Cooling means for reducing the temperature of the cooling air or gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
- F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to gas turbines and it relates more particularly to the ventilation of high temperature turbines in aeronautical turbomachines.
- French patent applications FR-A-2 552 164, FR-A-2 609 500 and FR-A-2 614 654 relate to cooling air accelerators which are centripetal and placed in a high compressor disc pressure and English patent application No. 2 189 845 describes a device for supplying cooling air to a turbine, device which comprises a centrifugal diffuser associated with a stage of the rotor of said turbine. See also document FR-A-1 097 374.
- next-generation turbomachinery aerobic turbojet or ramjet or future turbojet
- the cooling devices currently used will be clearly insufficient.
- the high temperature of the air in the high pressure compressor of these turbomachines will not allow the direct use of this air as cooling fluid; it will be necessary to cool this air in a heat exchanger before routing it to the high pressure turbine.
- French patent application FR-A-2 400 618 relates to a method for ventilating the high pressure turbine of a turbomachine which consists in cooling the cooling air, taken from the combustion chamber, in an air exchanger located outside the turbomachine in the annular channel where the dilution air of the fan circulates.
- the cooled air then passes through the rear support posts of the high pressure compressor and then through a pressure reducing valve.
- the pressure drop caused by the flow of air in the cooling circuit will not allow a sufficiently rapid circulation of the air in the blades of the high pressure turbine of the future turbomachine.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by the fact that the method for cooling the high pressure turbine of a turbomachine comprising from upstream to downstream a high pressure compressor serving to compress air, a combustion chamber and a high pressure turbine, process according to which part of the compressed air is removed by the high pressure compressor, this air taken by cooling means is cooled and the cooled air is sent to the turbine, is characterized in that the cooled air is recompressed by the cooling means before sending it to the turbine.
- the movable rotor forms part of the drive shaft of the high pressure compressor.
- the mobile rotor is fixed, upstream, to the rear end of the drive shaft and, downstream, to the rotary part of said turbine.
- the aeronautical turbomachine 1 shown in the drawing comprises from upstream to downstream: a high pressure compressor 2 of which only the top stage is shown in the drawing, a diffuser casing 3, a combustion chamber 4 and a high pressure turbine 5.
- the high pressure compressor 2 comprises a fixed external part 6 and a mobile internal part 7 rotating around the axis 8 of the turbomachine and comprising a plurality of radial vanes 9 intended to compress the air circulating in an air stream annular 10.
- the compressed air enters the combustion chamber 4 after being rectified by fixed vanes 11 and having passed through the diffuser casing.
- the combustion chamber 4 has an annular shape and is delimited on the side of the axis 8 of the turbomachine by an internal wall 12 and on the external side by an external wall 13.
- the fixed 17 and movable vanes 18 of the high pressure turbine 5 are cooled by cooling air taken out of the turbomachine 1 at the high pressure compressor 2.
- This cooling air is directed by a first manifold 20a towards a heat exchanger 21 in which a cold fluid circulates, preferably the fuel (hydrogen or fuel).
- a second manifold 20b After cooling in the exchanger 21, the cooled air returns to the turbomachine via a second manifold 20b.
- the cooled air passes through at least one hollow spacer 22 which is fitted with the diffuser casing 3 and is directed for its major part P1 downstream, towards the axis 8 of the turbomachine 1, by an annular collector 23 accommodating in space annular delimited by the drive shaft 16 and the internal wall 12 of the combustion chamber 4.
- the other part P2 of the cooled air, intended for cooling the last stage of the high pressure compressor 2 is directed towards the before the turbomachine 1 through orifices 23a provided in the front part of the annular manifold 23.
- An axial-centrifugal compressor 24 is provided between the rear end 25 of the annular manifold 23 and the fixed 17 and movable vanes 18 of the high-pressure turbine 5.
- This axial-centrifugal compressor 24 comprises, upstream, a plurality of stages axial 26, four in number in the drawing and, downstream, a centrifugal wheel 27. It receives the cooled air circulating in the annular collector 23, and recompresses it. At the outlet of the centrifugal wheel 27, the cooled and recompressed air supplies, in cooling air, the stationary vanes 17 through orifices 28 via a manifold 29, and the movable vanes 18 through the orifices 30.
- the axial-centrifugal compressor 24 comprises on the one hand a fixed external casing 31 connected to the internal wall 12 of the combustion chamber 4 by means of the internal flange 32 situated at the rear of the combustion chamber 4, and integral with the internal wall 12 thereof, and, on the other hand, a movable rotor 33 connected to the drive shaft 16.
- the external casing 31 is of the type with two half-shells to facilitate mounting of the compressor axial-centrifugal 24.
- the movable rotor 33 is an integral part of the drive shaft 16.
- the movable rotor 33 is fixed upstream to the rear part 34 of the drive shaft 16 and downstream to the disc. 19 on the rim of which the movable blades 18 are mounted.
- the annular collector 23 is composed of two ferrules 35 and 36 of frustoconical shape.
- the outer shell 35 is connected, upstream, to the internal wall 12 of the combustion chamber 4 by fixing to internal flanges 36 connecting the diffuser casing 3 and the casing of the combustion chamber 4 and, downstream, to the front part 37 of the outer casing 31 of the axial-centrifugal compressor 24.
- the internal ferrule 36 is connected upstream, with the internal flange 38 connecting the diffuser casing 3 and the high-pressure compressor 2.
- This internal flange 38 has the orifices 23a allowing a part of the cooling air to ventilate the blades of the high pressure compressor 2.
- the internal ferrule 36 is connected to the external ferrule 35 in the vicinity of the axial-centrifugal compressor 24 by link arms 39 arranged opposite the blades of the first stage 26 of the axial-centrifugal compressor 24.
- a seal 40 is provided between the internal ferrule 36 and the drive shaft 16 near the rear end 25 of the annular manifold 23.
- the operation of the turbomachine is easily understood.
- the hot gases circulating in the movable blades 18 of the high pressure turbine 5 drive the disc 19 in rotation, which in turn drives the drive shaft 16 of the high pressure compressor 2 and, thereby, the mobile rotor 33 of the axial-centrifugal compressor 24.
- This method and this device make it possible to appreciably improve the circulation of the cooling air, cooled by the exchanger 21, in the vanes 17 and 18 and, thus, to decrease the temperature thereof, or allow 'Increase the temperature of the hot combustion gases and, thereby, the efficiency of the turbomachine 1, without reducing the life of the high pressure turbine.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8917298A FR2656657A1 (fr) | 1989-12-28 | 1989-12-28 | Turbomachine refroidie par air et procede de refroidissement de cette turbomachine. |
FR8917298 | 1989-12-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0435770A1 EP0435770A1 (fr) | 1991-07-03 |
EP0435770B1 true EP0435770B1 (fr) | 1993-09-15 |
Family
ID=9389044
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90403776A Expired - Lifetime EP0435770B1 (fr) | 1989-12-28 | 1990-12-27 | Turbomachine refroidie par air et procédé de refroidissement de cette turbomachine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5163285A (ru) |
EP (1) | EP0435770B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JP2559297B2 (ru) |
DE (1) | DE69003371T2 (ru) |
FR (1) | FR2656657A1 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2682719B1 (fr) * | 1991-10-16 | 1995-03-24 | Snecma | Moteur pour vehicule hypersonique a fonctionnements turboreacteur et statoreacteur. |
US5255505A (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-10-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | System for capturing heat transferred from compressed cooling air in a gas turbine |
US5317877A (en) * | 1992-08-03 | 1994-06-07 | General Electric Company | Intercooled turbine blade cooling air feed system |
FR2695161B1 (fr) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-11-04 | Snecma | Système de refroidissement d'un compresseur de turbomachine et de contrôle des jeux. |
JP3165611B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-07 | 2001-05-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガスタービン冷却空気導入装置 |
US5697208A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1997-12-16 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Turbine cooling cycle |
US5581996A (en) * | 1995-08-16 | 1996-12-10 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for turbine cooling |
US5724806A (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1998-03-10 | General Electric Company | Extracted, cooled, compressed/intercooled, cooling/combustion air for a gas turbine engine |
WO1997049902A1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1997-12-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | On-board auxiliary compressor for combustion turbine cooling air supply |
WO1998013584A1 (de) * | 1996-09-26 | 1998-04-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kompensation des druckverlustes einer kühlluftführung in einer gasturbinenanlage |
US5906093A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 1999-05-25 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Gas turbine combustor transition |
US6050079A (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2000-04-18 | General Electric Company | Modulated turbine cooling system |
US6134880A (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 2000-10-24 | Concepts Eti, Inc. | Turbine engine with intercooler in bypass air passage |
US6035627A (en) * | 1998-04-21 | 2000-03-14 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Inc. | Turbine engine with cooled P3 air to impeller rear cavity |
US6672072B1 (en) | 1998-08-17 | 2004-01-06 | General Electric Company | Pressure boosted compressor cooling system |
US6363706B1 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 2002-04-02 | Alliedsignal | Apparatus and method to increase turbine power |
US6250061B1 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2001-06-26 | General Electric Company | Compressor system and methods for reducing cooling airflow |
DE19936170A1 (de) * | 1999-07-31 | 2001-02-01 | Rolls Royce Deutschland | Kühlluftleitung an einer Flug-Gasturbine |
DE10009655C1 (de) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-05-23 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Kühlluftsystem |
US6468032B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-10-22 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Further cooling of pre-swirl flow entering cooled rotor aerofoils |
DE10244192A1 (de) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-04-01 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Gasturbine mit Vorrichtung zur Arbeitsentnahme zur Kühlung von Scheiben |
US6968696B2 (en) * | 2003-09-04 | 2005-11-29 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Part load blade tip clearance control |
US7096673B2 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2006-08-29 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Blade tip clearance control |
US7231767B2 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2007-06-19 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Forced air cooling system |
US7269955B2 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2007-09-18 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for maintaining rotor assembly tip clearances |
US7669425B2 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2010-03-02 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Closed loop turbine cooling fluid reuse system for a turbine engine |
CH705512A1 (de) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-03-15 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Gasturbine. |
EP2900968B1 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2018-10-31 | United Technologies Corporation | Split-zone flow metering t-tube |
US9476313B2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-10-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine including a pre-diffuser heat exchanger |
US10704468B2 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2020-07-07 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Method and apparatus for handling pre-diffuser airflow for cooling high pressure turbine components |
GB201305432D0 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2013-05-08 | Rolls Royce Plc | A gas turbine engine cooling arrangement |
WO2015138031A2 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-09-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Compressor rim thermal management |
FR3025835B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-16 | 2020-08-14 | Snecma | Systeme de circulation d'air de refroidissement d'aubes de turbine de turbomachine |
US10371055B2 (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2019-08-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Intercooled cooling air using cooling compressor as starter |
US10830148B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2020-11-10 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Intercooled cooling air with dual pass heat exchanger |
US9850819B2 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-12-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Intercooled cooling air with dual pass heat exchanger |
EP3130539B1 (en) | 2015-08-12 | 2020-04-08 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. | Heat exchanger for a gas turbine engine propulsion system |
US10208668B2 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2019-02-19 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Turbine engine advanced cooling system |
JP6647952B2 (ja) | 2016-04-25 | 2020-02-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガスタービン |
JP6961340B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-15 | 2021-11-05 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 回転機械 |
US11215120B2 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2022-01-04 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | External mixing chamber for a gas turbine engine with cooled turbine cooling air |
US11377957B2 (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2022-07-05 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine engine with a diffuser cavity cooled compressor |
JP7096058B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-18 | 2022-07-05 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガスタービンシステム |
US11174816B2 (en) | 2019-02-25 | 2021-11-16 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Bypass duct conformal heat exchanger array |
FR3096444B1 (fr) * | 2019-05-20 | 2021-05-07 | Safran | Systeme d’echange de chaleur optimise |
FR3128971A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-12 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Turbomachine d'aéronef et procédé associé |
US11987377B2 (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2024-05-21 | Rtx Corporation | Turbo expanders for turbine engines having hydrogen fuel systems |
Family Cites Families (18)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US2618120A (en) * | 1946-06-07 | 1952-11-18 | Papini Anthony | Coaxial combustion products generator and turbine with cooling means |
US2603453A (en) * | 1946-09-11 | 1952-07-15 | Curtiss Wright Corp | Cooling means for turbines |
US2783965A (en) * | 1949-02-01 | 1957-03-05 | Birmann Rudolph | Turbines |
US2672013A (en) * | 1950-06-30 | 1954-03-16 | Curtiss Wright Corp | Gas turbine cooling system |
US2940257A (en) * | 1953-03-27 | 1960-06-14 | Daimler Benz Ag | Cooling arrangement for a combustion turbine |
DE1951356C3 (de) * | 1969-10-11 | 1980-08-28 | Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Muenchen Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Gasturbinentriebwerk für Flugzeuge |
GB1348127A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1974-03-13 | Secr Defence | Gas turbine engine |
US4254618A (en) * | 1977-08-18 | 1981-03-10 | General Electric Company | Cooling air cooler for a gas turbofan engine |
US4187675A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1980-02-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Compact air-to-air heat exchanger for jet engine application |
US4236869A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1980-12-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine having bleed apparatus with dynamic pressure recovery |
DE3037020C2 (de) * | 1980-10-01 | 1983-11-03 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | Gasturbinenstrahltriebwerk in Mehrwellen-Bauweise mit Verdichterhochdruckluftentnahme- und -führungseinrichtungen zur Turbinenkühlung |
JPS5818526A (ja) * | 1981-07-24 | 1983-02-03 | Hitachi Ltd | 高温ガスタ−ビン翼の冷却システム |
FR2552164B1 (fr) * | 1983-09-21 | 1986-12-26 | Snecma | Disque de compresseur avec accelerateur centripete integre pour l'aspiration d'air dans un dispositif de refroidissement d'une turbine a gaz |
US4574584A (en) * | 1983-12-23 | 1986-03-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of operation for a gas turbine engine |
GB2189845B (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1991-01-23 | Gen Electric | Turbine cooling air transferring apparatus |
FR2609500B1 (fr) * | 1987-01-14 | 1991-04-12 | Snecma | Disque de compresseur de turbomachine avec accelerateur centripete pour l'aspiration d'air de refroidissement de la turbine |
FR2614654B1 (fr) * | 1987-04-29 | 1992-02-21 | Snecma | Disque de compresseur axial de turbomachine a prelevement d'air centripete |
US4901520A (en) * | 1988-08-12 | 1990-02-20 | Avco Corporation | Gas turbine pressurized cooling system |
-
1989
- 1989-12-28 FR FR8917298A patent/FR2656657A1/fr active Granted
-
1990
- 1990-12-26 JP JP2418361A patent/JP2559297B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-27 DE DE90403776T patent/DE69003371T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-27 US US07/634,520 patent/US5163285A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-27 EP EP90403776A patent/EP0435770B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2656657A1 (fr) | 1991-07-05 |
JPH04209934A (ja) | 1992-07-31 |
DE69003371D1 (de) | 1993-10-21 |
EP0435770A1 (fr) | 1991-07-03 |
JP2559297B2 (ja) | 1996-12-04 |
FR2656657B1 (ru) | 1994-04-22 |
US5163285A (en) | 1992-11-17 |
DE69003371T2 (de) | 1994-02-03 |
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