EP0435755A1 - Link coupling between railway cars of an articulated train - Google Patents
Link coupling between railway cars of an articulated train Download PDFInfo
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- EP0435755A1 EP0435755A1 EP90403703A EP90403703A EP0435755A1 EP 0435755 A1 EP0435755 A1 EP 0435755A1 EP 90403703 A EP90403703 A EP 90403703A EP 90403703 A EP90403703 A EP 90403703A EP 0435755 A1 EP0435755 A1 EP 0435755A1
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- Prior art keywords
- elastomeric composition
- layers
- railway vehicles
- coupling joint
- thickness
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
- B61F5/16—Centre bearings or other swivel connections between underframes and bolsters or bogies
- B61F5/20—Centre bearings or other swivel connections between underframes and bolsters or bogies with springs allowing transverse movements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
- B61D3/10—Articulated vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F3/00—Types of bogies
- B61F3/12—Types of bogies specially modified for carrying adjacent vehicle bodies of articulated trains
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G5/00—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for
- B61G5/02—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for for coupling articulated trains, locomotives and tenders or the bogies of a vehicle; Coupling by means of a single coupling bar; Couplings preventing or limiting relative lateral movement of vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a coupling articulation between railway vehicles resting on a common, middle bogie, articulation produced by means of laminated elastic elements.
- Document FR 2,357,409 of Alsthom provides for several separate articulations around two vertical axes and a third axis, horizontal, all integral with an intercirculation compartment; this arrangement is used in the case where two consecutive vehicle bodies remain linked in roll by a gimbal system.
- the elastomeric member carrying the permanent load is then forced to rotate around the only vertical axis connecting a body and a half-circulation compartment.
- Its angular performance therefore requires only half the angle between the boxes, the compartment placed on the median bogie by its horizontal axis remaining bisector of this angle.
- the part therefore has only limited performance to be satisfied in this case, which is not applicable to a train of more than two successive boxes, because no flexibility in roll or left track separates them.
- the application remains limited to trams or multiple units with two inseparable bodies.
- Document FR 2,631,917 also from Alsthom, meets, on the contrary, the needs of a long train, by providing an O-shaped part with a frustoconical surface in its lower zone and a support part which envelopes it, connected to the other vehicle on which it is attached.
- An O-ring element of elastic composite material formed of metal plates “sandwiched between layers of elastic material” is provided, “surrounding and in contact” with the frustoconical external surface.
- a variant is described there, in which the metal plates and the layers of the material are in the form of a spherical sector.
- the present invention relates to the optimization of an articulation device to meet the specific needs arising from the use on articulated vehicles having median bogies in common, the optimization having related to the number and the angular arrangement of the layers. of elastic material as well as on the law of evolution of their dimensions.
- the invention therefore relates to a coupling articulation between railway vehicles resting on a median bogie, connected by means of elastic elements, interposed between a support piece, integral with one of the vehicles, and an internal frame, constituting the assembly surface in support of the other vehicle on the first, the element in elastic composite material comprising metal hoops sandwiching layers of elastomeric composition.
- the invention is characterized in that said element made of elastic composite material is formed of seven layers of elastomeric composition sandwiched by six metallic frets of constant thickness, the contact surfaces being in the form of truncated cones.
- the internal reinforcement which constitutes the assembly surface in support of the O-ring piece, as well as the external reinforcement, of triangular cross section, which supports the element in elastic composite material, are closely linked, for example by adhesion in located during crosslinking, to said elastomeric composition. Furthermore, the angle of said truncated cones, forming a contact surface, is close to twenty-five degrees relative to the axis of the joint.
- the figure is a section through a vertical plane passing through the hinge axis, which serves as an axis of revolution for the hinge according to the invention.
- the support piece (1) which is an integral part of the first vehicle comprises a vertical cylindrical flange (2) in which is fixed, by bolts such as (3), an external frame (4), of triangular cross section, supporting the element in elastic composite material (5).
- This comprises six metallic frets (6), of constant thickness, in the form of trunks of cones.
- Said metallic hoops (6) preferably made of welded rolled steel sheet, sandwich seven layers of elastomeric composition (7), preferably made of natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene, of great resilience and resistance to alternative fatigue improved by the choice of appropriate fillers for reinforcing the elastomeric composition.
- an internal reinforcement (8) constitutes the support assembly surface (9), coming in contact on the lower part of an O-ring (10), secured to the adjacent vehicle.
- the external reinforcement (4) and the internal reinforcement (8), as well as each face of the metal frets (6), all in the form of truncated cones, are intimately linked, by the physico-chemical phenomenon known as in situ adhesion, layers of elastomeric composition (7).
- the internal reinforcement (8) constituting the bearing assembly surface (9), in front of, for reasons of space, occupy the least possible thickness between said bearing assembly surface (9) and the element of elastic composite material (5) is of constant thickness and at most equal to the thickness of each of the layers of elastomeric composition (7).
- the main function of the articulation object of the invention being the alternating rotation around the axis of the trunks of cones, under a permanent compressive load, the optimization aims at geometric shear rates as equal as possible in the material, during this rotation between the different solids connected by the layers of elastomeric composition (7). It follows, for each of the seven layers of elastomeric composition (7), the need for torsional rigidity inversely proportional to their thicknesses, said thickness being constant in one layer, but different from one layer to another.
- This condition is in contradiction with an identical stress rate under the effect of the vertical load, as well as under horizontal forces. Indeed, this condition would require a constant cross-section of the layers of elastomeric composition (7) between each metal hoop (6), which would lead to choosing a width of the layers of elastomeric composition (7) inversely proportional to the mean radius. This condition, little penalizing, does not need to be satisfied with the same rigor as that dictated by the optimization in alternating rotation.
- the law favors a thickness of the layers inversely proportional to the mean radius and a width inversely proportional to the square of said mean radius.
- the same law governs the height of the metallic frets (6), also inversely proportional to the square of said mean radius.
- the number of layers required by the needs of the application cannot be arbitrary, since a cumulative thickness of the layers of notable elastomeric composition is necessary but limited by the geometry.
- the cumulative thickness of the seven layers of elastomeric composition (7) reaches 61 millimeters, each metallic hoop (6) having a thickness of 2.5 millimeters, ie a thickness of the elastic part of the joint of 76 millimeters measured normally between faces opposite the external frame (4) and the internal frame (8).
- the angle of the truncated cones is about 25 degrees relative to the axis, that is to say an angle at the top of the cone of about 50 degrees.
- the layer 7a has a thickness of 11.2 millimeters.
- the layer 7b has a thickness of 10.1 millimeters.
- the layer 7c has a thickness of 9.1 millimeters.
- the layer 7d has a thickness of 8.3 millimeters.
- the layer 7e has a thickness of 7.8 millimeters.
- the layer 7f has a thickness of 7.4 millimeters.
- the layer 7g has a thickness of 7.1 millimeters.
- a number of layers higher than seven would obstruct the torsional rigidity, by aggravating the heterogeneity of the stresses within each layer and, procuring a higher conical rigidity, would limit excessively the possible left between two boxes.
- a lower number would insufficiently participate normal compression in the various rigidities, by reduction of the form factor.
- the most advantageous manufacturing method for producing the joint according to the invention is therefore transfer molding, in a preheated mold, containing the metal reinforcements previously treated and coated with the adhesives necessary for adhesion in situ, each hoop metallic (6) being glued on its two faces, the internal reinforcement (8) and the external reinforcement (4) being glued only on their face intended to come into contact with the layer of elastomeric composition (7a) or ( 7g), adjacent.
- the articulation according to the invention allows all the elastic deformations of a coupling, between railway vehicles of a train articulated on bogies common to the two ends of bodies opposite. It is optimized for the best lifetime under dynamic stresses and good filtering of parasitic vibrations between said boxes. It provides a rational and optimized solution to the design of joints required in this type of integrated railway trains, called articulated trains, while simplifying the coupling and decoupling operations.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
- Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne une articulation d'accouplement entre véhicules ferroviaires reposant sur un bogie médian, commun, articulation réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'éléments élastiques feuilletés.The invention relates to a coupling articulation between railway vehicles resting on a common, middle bogie, articulation produced by means of laminated elastic elements.
Les articulations entre véhicules ferroviaires dans des rames dites articulées, où deux extrémités de caisses reposent sur un seul bogie médian, peuvent faire appel à une rotule à portée sphérique, liée à un véhicule reposant sur l'autre, lui-même suspendu et rappelé en roulis par une suspension sur ledit bogie médian. Ces articulations portant une charge élevée, par l'intermédiaire d'organes en élastomère feuilleté et fretté par plusieurs armatures intermédiaires, qui sont éventuellement précontraintes, nécessitent un grand nombre d'usinages et sont, pour cette raison, d'un prix de revient élevé, pour un filtrage antivibratoire assez réduit, du fait de leur rigidité notable.The articulations between railway vehicles in so-called articulated trainsets, where two body ends rest on a single median bogie, can use a ball joint with spherical bearing, linked to a vehicle resting on the other, itself suspended and recalled in roll by a suspension on said median bogie. These articulations carrying a high load, by means of elements in laminated elastomer and hooped by several intermediate reinforcements, which are possibly prestressed, require a large number of machining operations and are, for this reason, of a high cost price. , for a fairly reduced anti-vibration filtering, due to their notable rigidity.
Le document FR 2.357.409 d'Alsthom prévoit plusieurs articulations séparées autour de deux axes verticaux et un troisième axe, horizontal, tous solidaires d'un compartiment d'intercirculation; cette disposition est utilisée dans le cas où deux caisses de véhicules consécutifs demeurent liées en roulis par un système à la cardan. L'organe en élastomère portant la charge permanente, est alors astreint à des rotations autour du seul axe vertical reliant une caisse et un demi-compartiment d'intercirculation. Ses performances angulaires ne demandent donc que la moitié de l'angle entre caisses, le compartiment posé sur le bogie médian par son axe horizontal restant bissecteur de cet angle. La pièce n'a, en conséquence, que des performances limitées à satisfaire dans ce cas, qui n'est pas applicable à une rame de plus de deux caisses successives, car aucune flexibilité en roulis ou gauche de voie ne les sépare. Par ce fait, l'application reste limitée aux tramways ou automotrices à deux caisses indissociables.Document FR 2,357,409 of Alsthom provides for several separate articulations around two vertical axes and a third axis, horizontal, all integral with an intercirculation compartment; this arrangement is used in the case where two consecutive vehicle bodies remain linked in roll by a gimbal system. The elastomeric member carrying the permanent load is then forced to rotate around the only vertical axis connecting a body and a half-circulation compartment. Its angular performance therefore requires only half the angle between the boxes, the compartment placed on the median bogie by its horizontal axis remaining bisector of this angle. The part therefore has only limited performance to be satisfied in this case, which is not applicable to a train of more than two successive boxes, because no flexibility in roll or left track separates them. As a result, the application remains limited to trams or multiple units with two inseparable bodies.
Le document FR 2.631.917, également d'Alsthom, répond, au contraire, aux besoins d'une rame longue, en prévoyant une pièce torique de surface tronconique dans sa zone inférieure et une pièce de support venant envelopper celle-ci, reliée à l'autre véhicule sur lequel elle est fixée. Un élément d'articulation torique en matériau composite élastique, formé de plaques métalliques "en sandwich entre des couches de matériau élastique" est prévu, "entourant et au contact" de la surface externe tronconique. Une variante y est décrite, dont les plaques métalliques et les couches du matériau sont en forme de secteur sphérique.Document FR 2,631,917, also from Alsthom, meets, on the contrary, the needs of a long train, by providing an O-shaped part with a frustoconical surface in its lower zone and a support part which envelopes it, connected to the other vehicle on which it is attached. An O-ring element of elastic composite material, formed of metal plates "sandwiched between layers of elastic material" is provided, "surrounding and in contact" with the frustoconical external surface. A variant is described there, in which the metal plates and the layers of the material are in the form of a spherical sector.
La présente invention a pour objet l'optimisation d'un dispositif d'articulation pour répondre aux besoins spécifiques découlant de l'emploi sur véhicules articulés ayant des bogies médians en commun, l'optimisation ayant porté sur le nombre et la disposition angulaire des couches de matériau élastique ainsi que sur la loi d'évolution de leurs dimensions.The present invention relates to the optimization of an articulation device to meet the specific needs arising from the use on articulated vehicles having median bogies in common, the optimization having related to the number and the angular arrangement of the layers. of elastic material as well as on the law of evolution of their dimensions.
L'invention porte donc sur une articulation d'accouplement entre véhicules ferroviaires reposant sur un bogie médian, reliés par l'intermédiaire d'éléments élastiques, interposés entre une pièce support, solidaire de l'un des véhicules, et une armature interne, constituant la surface d'assemblage en appui de l'autre véhicule sur le premier, l'élément en matériau composite élastique comportant des frettes métalliques prenant en sandwich des couches en composition élastomérique.The invention therefore relates to a coupling articulation between railway vehicles resting on a median bogie, connected by means of elastic elements, interposed between a support piece, integral with one of the vehicles, and an internal frame, constituting the assembly surface in support of the other vehicle on the first, the element in elastic composite material comprising metal hoops sandwiching layers of elastomeric composition.
L'invention est caractérisée en ce que ledit élément en matériau composite élastique est formé de sept couches en composition élastomérique prises en sandwich par six frettes métalliques d'épaisseur constante, les surfaces de contact étant en forme de troncs de cône.The invention is characterized in that said element made of elastic composite material is formed of seven layers of elastomeric composition sandwiched by six metallic frets of constant thickness, the contact surfaces being in the form of truncated cones.
L'armature interne, qui constitue la surface d'assemblage en appui de la pièce torique, ainsi que l'armature externe, de section droite triangulaire, qui supporte l'élément en matériau composite élastique, sont liées intimement, par exemple par adhérisation in situ au cours de la réticulation, à ladite composition élastomérique. Par ailleurs, l'angle desdits troncs de cône, formant surface de contact, est voisin de vingt-cinq degrés par rapport à l'axe de l'articulation.The internal reinforcement, which constitutes the assembly surface in support of the O-ring piece, as well as the external reinforcement, of triangular cross section, which supports the element in elastic composite material, are closely linked, for example by adhesion in located during crosslinking, to said elastomeric composition. Furthermore, the angle of said truncated cones, forming a contact surface, is close to twenty-five degrees relative to the axis of the joint.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description accompagnant la figure unique.The invention will be better understood on reading the description accompanying the single figure.
La figure est une coupe, par un plan vertical passant par l'axe d'articulation, qui sert d'axe de révolution pour l'articulation conforme à l'invention.The figure is a section through a vertical plane passing through the hinge axis, which serves as an axis of revolution for the hinge according to the invention.
La pièce support (1) qui fait partie intégrante du premier véhicule comporte un rebord vertical cylindrique (2) dans lequel est fixée, par des boulons tels que (3), une armature externe (4), de section droite triangulaire, supportant l'élément en matériau composite élastique (5). Celui-ci comporte six frettes métalliques (6), d'épaisseur constante, en forme de troncs de cônes. Lesdites frettes métalliques (6), préférentiellement réalisées en tôle d'acier roulée soudée, prennent en sandwich sept couches en composition élastomérique (7), préférentiellement en caoutchouc naturel ou en polyisoprène synthétique, de grande résilience et de tenue à la fatigue alternative améliorée par le choix de charges appropriées pour le renforcement de la composition élastomérique.The support piece (1) which is an integral part of the first vehicle comprises a vertical cylindrical flange (2) in which is fixed, by bolts such as (3), an external frame (4), of triangular cross section, supporting the element in elastic composite material (5). This comprises six metallic frets (6), of constant thickness, in the form of trunks of cones. Said metallic hoops (6), preferably made of welded rolled steel sheet, sandwich seven layers of elastomeric composition (7), preferably made of natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene, of great resilience and resistance to alternative fatigue improved by the choice of appropriate fillers for reinforcing the elastomeric composition.
De la même façon que l'armature externe (4), de section droite triangulaire, sert d'appui sur la pièce support (1), une armature interne (8) constitue la surface d'assemblage en appui (9), venant en contact sur la partie inférieure d'une pièce torique (10), solidaire du véhicule adjacent.In the same way as the external reinforcement (4), of triangular cross section, serves as a support on the support part (1), an internal reinforcement (8) constitutes the support assembly surface (9), coming in contact on the lower part of an O-ring (10), secured to the adjacent vehicle.
L'armature externe (4) et l'armature interne (8), ainsi que chaque face des frettes métalliques (6), toutes en forme de troncs de cônes, sont intimement liées, par le phénomène physico-chimique dit adhérisation in situ, aux couches en composition élastomérique (7).The external reinforcement (4) and the internal reinforcement (8), as well as each face of the metal frets (6), all in the form of truncated cones, are intimately linked, by the physico-chemical phenomenon known as in situ adhesion, layers of elastomeric composition (7).
Par convention, une bonne qualité de ladite adhérisation est obtenue lorsque la rupture se produit en pleine gomme en essai destructif de traction. Un essai dit "bond-test" permet, sans destruction, sous une sollicitation de traction opposée à la charge normale pour laquelle la pièce est conçue, de vérifier l'absence de dégradation.By convention, a good quality of said adhesion is obtained when the rupture occurs in full rubber in destructive tensile test. A so-called "bond-test" allows, without destruction, under a tensile stress opposite to the normal load for which the part is designed, to verify the absence of degradation.
Préférentiellement, l'armature interne (8), constituant la surface d'assemblage en appui (9), devant, pour des raisons d'encombrement, occuper le moins d'épaisseur possible entre ladite surface d'assemblage en appui (9) et l'élément en matériau composite élastique (5), est d'épaisseur constante et au plus égale à l'épaisseur de chacune des couches en composition élastomérique (7).Preferably, the internal reinforcement (8), constituting the bearing assembly surface (9), in front of, for reasons of space, occupy the least possible thickness between said bearing assembly surface (9) and the element of elastic composite material (5) is of constant thickness and at most equal to the thickness of each of the layers of elastomeric composition (7).
La fonction principale de l'articulation objet de l'invention étant la rotation alternée autour de l'axe des troncs de cônes, sous une charge permanente de compression, l'optimisation vise des taux de cisaillement géométrique le plus possible égaux dans la matière, lors de cette rotation entre les différents solides reliés par les couches en composition élastomérique (7). Il en résulte, pour chacune des sept couches en composition élastomérique (7), la nécessité d'une rigidité de torsion inversement proportionnelle à leurs épaisseurs, ladite épaisseur étant constante dans une couche, mais différente d'une couche à l'autre.The main function of the articulation object of the invention being the alternating rotation around the axis of the trunks of cones, under a permanent compressive load, the optimization aims at geometric shear rates as equal as possible in the material, during this rotation between the different solids connected by the layers of elastomeric composition (7). It follows, for each of the seven layers of elastomeric composition (7), the need for torsional rigidity inversely proportional to their thicknesses, said thickness being constant in one layer, but different from one layer to another.
En toute rigueur, la rotation angulaire étant la même à chaque extrêmité d'une couche en composition élastomérique (7), le cisaillement du matériau, resté de même épaisseur, se fait à un taux qui est proportionnel, plus précisément, au rayon considéré en chaque point. Cependant, la valeur moyenne de ce taux de cisaillement géométrique, - pour des rayons moyens des couches qui sont différents - ne peut être maintenue que si la contrainte est sensiblement la même dans le matériau de module constant. Ceci implique que la section de la couche en composition élastomérique varie en fonction inverse du bras de levier (ou rayon moyen), qui soumet chaque couche au même couple de rotation, les liaisons élastiques se trouvant, en série, soumises à celui-ci.Strictly speaking, the angular rotation being the same at each end of a layer of elastomeric composition (7), the shearing of the material, which remains the same thickness, done at a rate which is proportional, more precisely, to the radius considered at each point. However, the mean value of this geometric shear rate, - for mean radii of the layers which are different - can only be maintained if the stress is substantially the same in the material of constant modulus. This implies that the cross-section of the layer of elastomeric composition varies in inverse function to the lever arm (or average radius), which subjects each layer to the same torque, the elastic connections being, in series, subjected thereto.
Cette condition vient en contradiction avec un taux de sollicitation identique sous l'effet de la charge verticale, ainsi que sous des efforts horizontaux. En effet, cette condition exigerait une section des couches en composition élastomérique (7) constante entre chaque frette métallique (6), ce qui conduirait à choisir une largeur des couches en composition élastomérique (7) inversement proportionnelle au rayon moyen. Cette condition, peu pénalisante, n'a pas besoin d'être satisfaite avec la même rigueur que celle dictée par l'optimisation en rotation alternée.This condition is in contradiction with an identical stress rate under the effect of the vertical load, as well as under horizontal forces. Indeed, this condition would require a constant cross-section of the layers of elastomeric composition (7) between each metal hoop (6), which would lead to choosing a width of the layers of elastomeric composition (7) inversely proportional to the mean radius. This condition, little penalizing, does not need to be satisfied with the same rigor as that dictated by the optimization in alternating rotation.
Pour satisfaire couple de rotation identique et taux de cisaillement identique, sensiblement, dans chaque couche en rotation, la loi privilégie une épaisseur des couches inversement proportionnelle au rayon moyen et une largeur inversement proportionnelle au carré dudit rayon moyen. La même loi régit la hauteur des frettes métalliques (6), également inversement proportionnelle au carré dudit rayon moyen.To satisfy identical torque and identical shear rate, substantially, in each rotating layer, the law favors a thickness of the layers inversely proportional to the mean radius and a width inversely proportional to the square of said mean radius. The same law governs the height of the metallic frets (6), also inversely proportional to the square of said mean radius.
Il est à remarquer qu'une meilleure homogénéité au sein de chaque couche exigerait, pour le même cisaillement géométrique, une épaisseur proportionnelle au rayon, c'est à dire des angles de cône différents ayant tous le même sommet. Le choix d'un cône d'angle identique, pour chaque frette métallique (6), est donc une approximation, permettant de limiter les coûts de telles armatures à des valeurs réalistes, en maintenant également à leurs tôles des épaisseurs constantes.It should be noted that better homogeneity within each layer would require, for the same geometric shear, a thickness proportional to the radius, that is to say different cone angles all having the same vertex. The choice of a cone of identical angle, for each metallic hoop (6), is therefore an approximation, making it possible to limit the costs of such reinforcements to realistic values, while also maintaining constant thicknesses at their sheets.
Ces dispositions ont comme conséquence, mais comme second objectif aussi, d'affecter à chaque couche en composition élastomérique (7) un facteur de forme constant, communiquant à chacun un rapport des rigidités, entre la compression pure et le cisaillement pur, constant. Le facteur de forme résulte, en effet, du rapport entre la surface de liaison entre le métal de la frette métallique (6) et l'élastomère de la couche en composition élastomérique (7) d'une part et la surface libre aux extrémités de l'épaisseur de chaque couche, d'autre part. La rigidité axiale, verticalement, qui est de façon prépondérante due à la projection sur l'axe d'une compression normale de la matière élastique, est donc répartie, d'une couche à l'autre, de la même façon que le cisaillement. Les courses élastiques de déformation se répartissent donc de façon inversement proportionnelle au carré du rayon moyen pour chaque couche, sous la même charge axiale, évidemment en série.These provisions have the consequence, but also as a second objective, of assigning to each layer of elastomeric composition (7) a constant form factor, communicating to each a ratio of rigidities, between pure compression and pure, constant shear. The form factor results, in fact, from the ratio between the bonding surface between the metal of the metallic ferrule (6) and the elastomer of the layer of elastomeric composition (7) on the one hand and the free surface at the ends of the thickness of each layer, on the other hand. The axial rigidity, vertically, which is predominantly due to the projection on the axis of a normal compression of the elastic material, is therefore distributed, from one layer to the other, in the same way as the shear. The elastic deformation strokes are therefore distributed inversely proportional to the square of the mean radius for each layer, under the same axial load, obviously in series.
Pour satisfaire l'optimisation, le nombre de couches nécessité par les besoins de l'application ne peut être quelconque, car une épaisseur cumulée des couches en composition élastomérique notable est nécessaire mais limitée par la géométrie.To satisfy the optimization, the number of layers required by the needs of the application cannot be arbitrary, since a cumulative thickness of the layers of notable elastomeric composition is necessary but limited by the geometry.
Dans un exemple d'application où le grand diamètre de l'articulation mesure 400 millimètres, la hauteur totale à l'état libre ne dépassant pas 200 millimètres, l'épaisseur cumulée des sept couches en composition élastomérique (7) atteint 61 millimètres, chaque frette métallique (6) ayant une épaisseur de 2,5 millimètres, soit une épaisseur de la partie élastique de l'articulation de 76 millimètres mesurée normalement entre faces en regard de l'armature externe (4) et de l'armature interne (8).
Par ailleurs, il résulte de la même optimisation que l'angle des troncs de cône est d'environ 25 degrés par rapport à l'axe, c'est à dire un angle au sommet du cône de 50 degrés, environ.
Dans le même exemple d'application, les épaisseurs des différentes couches en composition élastomérique sont décroissantes de la couche la plus interne (7a) à la couche la plus externe (7g), en prenant les valeurs ci-dessous:
La couche 7a présente une épaisseur de 11,2 millimètres.
La couche 7b présente une épaisseur de 10,1 millimètres.
La couche 7c présente une épaisseur de 9,1 millimètres.
La couche 7d présente une épaisseur de 8,3 millimètres.
La couche 7e présente une épaisseur de 7,8 millimètres.
La couche 7f présente une épaisseur de 7,4 millimètres.
La couche 7g présente une épaisseur de 7,1 millimètres.In an example of application where the large diameter of the joint measures 400 millimeters, the total height in the free state not exceeding 200 millimeters, the cumulative thickness of the seven layers of elastomeric composition (7) reaches 61 millimeters, each metallic hoop (6) having a thickness of 2.5 millimeters, ie a thickness of the elastic part of the joint of 76 millimeters measured normally between faces opposite the external frame (4) and the internal frame (8).
Furthermore, it results from the same optimization that the angle of the truncated cones is about 25 degrees relative to the axis, that is to say an angle at the top of the cone of about 50 degrees.
In the same application example, the thicknesses of the different layers of elastomeric composition are decreasing from the innermost layer (7a) to the outermost layer (7g), taking the values below:
The layer 7a has a thickness of 11.2 millimeters.
The layer 7b has a thickness of 10.1 millimeters.
The layer 7c has a thickness of 9.1 millimeters.
The layer 7d has a thickness of 8.3 millimeters.
The layer 7e has a thickness of 7.8 millimeters.
The layer 7f has a thickness of 7.4 millimeters.
The layer 7g has a thickness of 7.1 millimeters.
Un nombre de couches plus élevé que sept obèrerait la rigidité torsionnelle, en aggravant l'hétérogénéité des contraintes au sein de chaque couche et, procurant une rigidité conique plus élevée, limiterait exagérément le gauche possible entre deux caisses.
Un nombre plus faible ferait participer insuffisamment la compression normale aux différentes rigidités, par réduction du facteur de forme. Un module du matériau plus élevé, qui permettrait de compenser cet effet, aurait pour conséquence une tenue insuffisante à la fatigue alternée.A number of layers higher than seven would obstruct the torsional rigidity, by aggravating the heterogeneity of the stresses within each layer and, procuring a higher conical rigidity, would limit excessively the possible left between two boxes.
A lower number would insufficiently participate normal compression in the various rigidities, by reduction of the form factor. A higher modulus of the material, which would make it possible to compensate for this effect, would result in insufficient resistance to alternating fatigue.
Pour la même raison, il n'a pas été reconnu opportun d'envisager un module différent d'une couche à l'autre de la composition élastomérique. Cette variante aurait été rendue possible par un mode de réalisation de la pièce en moulage par compression d'ébauches, elles-mêmes peu commodes à réaliser du fait de la forme conique, mais, toutefois, d'épaisseur constante dans chaque couche, toutes les épaisseurs étant alors différentes d'une couche à l'autre.For the same reason, it was not considered advisable to envisage a module different from one layer to another of the elastomeric composition. This variant would have been made possible by an embodiment of the part in compression molding of blanks, themselves inconvenient to produce due to the conical shape, but, however, of constant thickness in each layer, all thicknesses then being different from one layer to another.
Le procédé de fabrication le plus intéressant pour la réalisation de l'articulation selon l'invention est donc le moulage par transfert, dans un moule préchauffé, contenant les armatures métalliques préalablement traitées et enduites des colles nécessaires à l'adhérisation in situ, chaque frette métallique (6) étant encollée sur ses deux faces, l'armature interne (8) et l'armature externe (4) n'étant encollées que sur leur face destinée à entrer en contact avec la couche en composition élastomérique (7a) ou (7g), adjacente.The most advantageous manufacturing method for producing the joint according to the invention is therefore transfer molding, in a preheated mold, containing the metal reinforcements previously treated and coated with the adhesives necessary for adhesion in situ, each hoop metallic (6) being glued on its two faces, the internal reinforcement (8) and the external reinforcement (4) being glued only on their face intended to come into contact with the layer of elastomeric composition (7a) or ( 7g), adjacent.
Toutes les liaisons physico-chimiques sont ainsi réalisées, au cours de la vulcanisation, sous température et pression contrôlées. L'articulation, débarrassée de ses bavures et picots, se trouve directement prête à l'emploi après démoulage et refroidissement.All the physico-chemical connections are thus made, during vulcanization, under controlled temperature and pressure. The joint, rid of its burrs and pins, is directly ready for use after demolding and cooling.
L'articulation selon l'invention permet toutes les déformations élastiques d'un accouplement, entre véhicules ferroviaires d'un train articulé sur des bogies communs aux deux extrémités de caisses en vis-à-vis. Elle est optimisée pour la meilleure durée de vie sous sollicitations dynamiques et un bon filtrage des vibrations parasites entre lesdites caisses. Elle apporte une solution rationnelle et optimisée à la conception d'articulations nécessaires dans ce type de rames ferroviaires intégrées, dites rames articulées, tout en simplifiant les opérations de couplage et découplage.The articulation according to the invention allows all the elastic deformations of a coupling, between railway vehicles of a train articulated on bogies common to the two ends of bodies opposite. It is optimized for the best lifetime under dynamic stresses and good filtering of parasitic vibrations between said boxes. It provides a rational and optimized solution to the design of joints required in this type of integrated railway trains, called articulated trains, while simplifying the coupling and decoupling operations.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT90403703T ATE94488T1 (en) | 1989-12-29 | 1990-12-20 | ARTICULATED COUPLING BETWEEN RAILWAY CARS OF AN ARTICULATED TRAIN. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8917531A FR2656580B1 (en) | 1989-12-29 | 1989-12-29 | COUPLING ARTICULATION BETWEEN RAIL VEHICLES OF ARTICULATED ROW. |
FR8917531 | 1989-12-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0435755A1 true EP0435755A1 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
EP0435755B1 EP0435755B1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
Family
ID=9389209
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90403703A Expired - Lifetime EP0435755B1 (en) | 1989-12-29 | 1990-12-20 | Link coupling between railway cars of an articulated train |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5150657A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0435755B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0143066B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE94488T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2030726A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE435755T1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2030641T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2656580B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR920300054T1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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FR2901763A1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-07 | Alstom Transport Sa | Railway car body`s longitudinal end structural assembly, has beam fixed on articulation unit to extend towards interior of car, and articulation unit fixed on crosspiece, where beam and crosspiece are made of composite material |
CN101275614B (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2010-04-14 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Series of rubber metallic stacking spring for vertically changing rigidity |
CN102416832A (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-04-18 | 许布奈有限公司 | Joint of an articulated vehicle |
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US5413320A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1995-05-09 | Lord Corporation | Fluid mount for devices such as engines |
FR2769276B1 (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 2002-10-11 | Gec Alsthom Transport Sa | COUPLING ARTICULATION |
FR2815593B1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2002-12-27 | Hutchinson | CONNECTION BALL JOINT, FOR EXAMPLE FOR ANTI-ROLL BAR OF A ROLLING VEHICLE |
US6609681B2 (en) * | 2001-07-05 | 2003-08-26 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for damping vibration |
US7044457B2 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2006-05-16 | Lord Corporation | Mount with replaceable load bearing and rebound members |
DE102005028565A1 (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2007-01-04 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Highly elastic layered spring |
US8302988B2 (en) | 2008-03-10 | 2012-11-06 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Suspension assembly with tie-plate |
US9004512B2 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2015-04-14 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Shear spring useful for vehicle suspension |
EP2729316B1 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2016-02-03 | Hendrickson USA, L.L.C. | Vehicle suspension and improved method of assembly |
USD700113S1 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2014-02-25 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Suspension assembly |
USD699637S1 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2014-02-18 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Shear spring for a suspension |
WO2014131004A1 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-08-28 | Lord Corporation | Partitioned elastomeric journal bearing assemblies, systems and methods |
US9085212B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-07-21 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Vehicle suspension |
US9150071B2 (en) | 2013-07-25 | 2015-10-06 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Frame hanger for vehicle suspension |
US10738852B1 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-08-11 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Laminated bearing assembly with differing shim thicknesses |
CN110702409B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-10-15 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Elastic joint bearing fatigue test device |
CN113147812A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-23 | 中国航天科工飞航技术研究院(中国航天海鹰机电技术研究院) | Workshop connection structure with upper and lower double-winch discs and vacuum pipeline train with same |
CN116517997B (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-09-22 | 中国地震局工程力学研究所 | Rubber disc spring device |
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CH340525A (en) * | 1955-11-22 | 1959-08-31 | Inventio Ag | Motor coaches, in particular for railways |
US3667820A (en) * | 1970-12-11 | 1972-06-06 | Lord Corp | Railway car having resilient center bearing |
EP0343482A1 (en) * | 1988-05-24 | 1989-11-29 | Gec Alsthom Sa | Coupling articulation between two railway vehicles |
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DE340525C (en) * | 1919-11-21 | 1921-09-13 | Curt Haenel | Shock contact |
US2150896A (en) * | 1936-07-03 | 1939-03-21 | Locomotive Finished Material C | Truck center bearing |
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SU1504137A1 (en) * | 1988-01-07 | 1989-08-30 | Днепропетровский горный институт им.Артема | Articulated rail vehicle |
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- 1989-12-29 FR FR8917531A patent/FR2656580B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
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- 1990-11-23 CA CA002030726A patent/CA2030726A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-11-28 KR KR1019900019378A patent/KR0143066B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-12-20 EP EP90403703A patent/EP0435755B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-20 DE DE199090403703T patent/DE435755T1/en active Pending
- 1990-12-20 DE DE90403703T patent/DE69003370T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-12-20 AT AT90403703T patent/ATE94488T1/en active
- 1990-12-20 ES ES90403703T patent/ES2030641T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-28 US US07/635,961 patent/US5150657A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-08-31 GR GR92300054T patent/GR920300054T1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CH340525A (en) * | 1955-11-22 | 1959-08-31 | Inventio Ag | Motor coaches, in particular for railways |
US3667820A (en) * | 1970-12-11 | 1972-06-06 | Lord Corp | Railway car having resilient center bearing |
EP0343482A1 (en) * | 1988-05-24 | 1989-11-29 | Gec Alsthom Sa | Coupling articulation between two railway vehicles |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2901763A1 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-07 | Alstom Transport Sa | Railway car body`s longitudinal end structural assembly, has beam fixed on articulation unit to extend towards interior of car, and articulation unit fixed on crosspiece, where beam and crosspiece are made of composite material |
US8166888B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2012-05-01 | Alstom Transport Sa | End structural assembly of a rail car body |
CN101275614B (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2010-04-14 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Series of rubber metallic stacking spring for vertically changing rigidity |
CN102416832A (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-04-18 | 许布奈有限公司 | Joint of an articulated vehicle |
CN102416832B (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2014-07-30 | 许布奈有限公司 | Joint of an articulated vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE94488T1 (en) | 1993-10-15 |
DE435755T1 (en) | 1992-08-13 |
US5150657A (en) | 1992-09-29 |
CA2030726A1 (en) | 1991-06-30 |
GR920300054T1 (en) | 1992-08-31 |
KR910011569A (en) | 1991-08-07 |
DE69003370D1 (en) | 1993-10-21 |
DE69003370T2 (en) | 1994-01-13 |
ES2030641T1 (en) | 1992-11-16 |
FR2656580B1 (en) | 1992-04-03 |
EP0435755B1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
KR0143066B1 (en) | 1998-08-01 |
FR2656580A1 (en) | 1991-07-05 |
ES2030641T3 (en) | 1993-12-16 |
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