EP0434753B1 - A method of manufacturing a prestressed concrete beam or plate element and reinforcing assemblies for use in the method - Google Patents

A method of manufacturing a prestressed concrete beam or plate element and reinforcing assemblies for use in the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0434753B1
EP0434753B1 EP89911027A EP89911027A EP0434753B1 EP 0434753 B1 EP0434753 B1 EP 0434753B1 EP 89911027 A EP89911027 A EP 89911027A EP 89911027 A EP89911027 A EP 89911027A EP 0434753 B1 EP0434753 B1 EP 0434753B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filling piece
concrete
embedded
deflection
reinforcing strands
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89911027A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0434753A1 (en
Inventor
Erik Lind
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Spæncom AS
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SPAENCOM AS
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Publication of EP0434753A1 publication Critical patent/EP0434753A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/38—Arched girders or portal frames
    • E04C3/44—Arched girders or portal frames of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/26—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members prestressed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a prestressed concrete beam or plate element in which method the reinforcing strands for prestressing the beam are suspended substantially rectilinearly through the mould and in which the element is cast with a substantially rectilinear longitudinal profile.
  • Beam or plate elements of the above mentioned type are generally used in building structures, particularly for floor-decks and roof constructions, because such elements have a good strength compared to their weight and are cheaper to manufacture than for instance concrete elements with a slack or post-tensioned reinforcement or concrete structures cast on site.
  • the prior method does not make it possible to cast the beam or plate elements in roofshape, viz. designing the beam element as two legs forming an angle with each other, and the plate element as a roof surface with a ridge with two inclined lateral faces.
  • Such beam elements may be produced in that two rectilinear prestressed concrete elements are joined by casting them together so that they form an angle with each other and by reinforcing the area of the cast joint with cables that are post-tensioned after hardening of the concrete.
  • This makes, however, the beams more expensive to manufacture and a considerable drawback is further that large V-shaped roof beams may be difficult to convey from the production site to the building site, due to the fact that existing bridges and aerial cables on the conveyance route set a limit to the size of the elements.
  • DK patent B 152 999 discloses a method of manufacturing a concrete beam or plate element with a prestressed multiple strand reinforcement and with a concave underside in which the reinforcement is embedded as a tensile reinforcement.
  • the reinforcing strands extend unbrokenly between the ends of the element and the run of strands form one or more bends in which the strands are restrained in a guide intended to take up the transverse forces from the reinforcement at the point or points of bending prior to casting of the concrete, said guide extending to the compressive side of the element and is intended to be fixed at said side of the element after hardening of the concrete.
  • the invention differs from the above mentioned method in
  • the reinforcing strands are usually suspended in a casting bed and in the manufacturing of for example a beam element the reinforcing strands are located in the foot of the beam or at that part of the beam which later on constitutes the tensile side of the beam, and the filling piece that is advantageously wedge-shaped is embedded in the casting mould on the side towards which the element sections are to be rotated during the deflection operation and preferably so that it extends into the area of the reinforcing strands.
  • the concrete is then cast and after hardening of the concrete the reinforcing strands are released, thereby obtaining the desired prestressing in the concrete.
  • the beam element now appears as a rectilinear, prestressed concrete element and may in this form be conveyed to the building site without the risk that bridges, aerial cables and similar installations along the conveyance route hamper the conveyance. If the side of the element accommodating the filling piece in this situation constitutes the compressive side of the element, the filling piece must be structured so that it is capable of taking up the resulting compressive strain.
  • the deflection operation may for instance be carried out by using an erecting crane lifting the element at its ends and comprising a secondary winch to be attached In the area of the deflection point. This area of the element is then elevated in relation to the ends cf the element, e.g. by lowering the ends until the desired deflection angle is attained. Due to its own weight the element bends in the weakest cross-section, i.e. at the recess formed by the filling piece.
  • a fissure is at first formed which from the reinforcing strands extends towards the surface of the element opposite the recess and by continued elevation the fissure opens more and more, the element sections on either side of the deflection point being kept against each other by the pretensioned reinforcing strands.
  • said filling piece is produced from a deformable material, e.g. a foam plastic, that is sufficiently rigid to resist the pressure from the concrete during the casting and vibration thereof in the mould, but which may be deformed without offering any noticeable resistance upon deflection of the beam element, the filling piece may remain in its position during the deflection operation. If, on the contrary, the filling piece is made from steel or wood, it has to be removed prior to the deflection step.
  • a deformable material e.g. a foam plastic
  • brackets previously embedded are connected by means of welding or in any other appropriate way.
  • Producing the element according to the method described above results in a prestressed concrete member with a deflected or angular longitudinal profile and in which the pretensioned reinforcing strands extend unbrokenly from one end of the element to the other.
  • the method according to the invention entails the further advantage that the element, as the case may be, is given its final form either on the production site or on the building site. A considerable saving of working hours is obtained when the deflection of the element is effected concurrently with erecting it to its final position.
  • the method according to the invention does not only make provision for producing roof-shaped beam or plate elements but e.g. also for gantry or frame members, such as two-hinge or three-hinge frames with roof and column or facing parts.
  • the opening between the facing surfaces of fracture belonging to the element sections on either side of said point is filled in with concrete or with a fitting piece secured to the element sections.
  • Filling in the resulting opening with concrete may be advantageous in cases where the element has a simple cross-section and it may be effected quickly and without complicated moulding work, and where the sequence of operations permits the elements to be kept in the desired angle in relation to each other until the filled-in concrete has hardened without incurring substantial costs.
  • a fitting piece may be inserted in the opening formed between the surfaces of fracture, causing the element when not lifted any longer at the deflection point to maintain its shape and to be immediately able to transfer compressive forces originating from its own weight and possible external influences between the element sections with the result that temporary supports are saved and that the erecting crane is rapidly liberated to be used for the erection of the next element.
  • An embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a transverse partition extending from the opposed surface of the element towards the reinforcing strands is embedded opposite the first filling piece, and that the transverse partition is removed during the deflection of the element.
  • the transverse partition and the fitting piece may advantageously be cast, e.g. from concrete, by using one and the same set of moulding sides. This ensures that the faces forming the butt seams between the inserted fitting piece and the deflected element fit exactly to each other.
  • a strengthening member with surfaces abutting on each other during the deflection operation is embedded on either side of the first filling piece.
  • Said abutment surfaces of the strengthening members may be constituted by steel plates to which a specific curvature is imparted so that they roll on each other during the deflection of the element, and by variation of the radius of curvature of the surfaces it is possible to obtain that the prestressing force is kept constant or varies in a desired manner during the deflection of the element.
  • the changes in the prestressing force occurring in the first period of time after casting the concrete may be compensated for, and other circumstances influencing the prestressing force may as well be compensated for.
  • a second embodiment of the invention is characterized in using strengthening members incorporating guide surfaces for maintaining the reinforcing strands in a specific position that is different from the position they occupy at the ends of the element.
  • the reinforcing strands are disposed in one layer extending perpendicularly to the direction of deflection while it is most frequently desirable to locate the reinforcing strands at the ends of the element at a reasonably large mutual distance and uniformly distributed throughout the cross-section in order to obtain a good anchoring of the strands and a suitable distribution of the prestressing force throughout the concrete.
  • the reinforcing strands after the deflection operation extend at an appropriately large radius of curvature through the fracture zone.
  • this may be achieved in that a second filling piece, preferably consisting of a deformable material, is embedded underneath the reinforcing strands.
  • the second filling piece may have a plane or grooved surface facing the reinforcing strands and be thickest opposite the point of fracture from which it tapers towards the ends.
  • the second filling piece may be made from e.g. an appropriately rigid foam plastic. During the deflection operation the reinforcing strands will exert a pressure on the second filling piece and press it together until the reinforcing strands at last rest against the concrete on the opposite side of the second filling piece. A suitable design of the second filling piece ensures that the reinforcing strands are given exactly the desired path during the deflection operation.
  • the first filling piece and the second filling piece may together with strengthening members incorporating guide surfaces and abutment plates, form a reinforcement assembly which may further be built together with the transverse reinforcement.
  • the invention also concerns a prestressed concrete beam or plate element manufactured by the method according to the invention, characterized by comprising a strengthening assembly consisting of two symmetrical halves, each having an arched bottom portion of steel for guiding and positioning the prestressed strands, an abutment plate fixed to the arched bottom portion at the end adjacent to the other half, reinforcement rods shaped as open stirrups with anchor plates at the open ends, and where the two halves are joined by means of a weak weld which allow easy positioning of the strengthening assembly in the mould and which breaks when the beam is deflected to its final shape, said strengthening assembly further comprising a first filling piece inserted between the lower ends of said abutment plates, and a second filling piece fitted on to said bottom portion.
  • the invention further concerns a prestressed concrete beam or plate element manufactured by the method according to the invention, characterized by having a strengthening assembly placed longitudinally between a first filling piece and a transverse partition, comprising a steel element with a U-shaped cross section for guiding and positioning the prestressed strands, ribs for transferring the prestressing force between the concrete and said steel element, and reinforcement rods shaped as open stirrups with anchor plates at the top ends.
  • the ends of the U-profile are over a suitable length fixedly embedded in the concrete on the respective sides of the point of deflection. During the deflection operations the prestress force is transferred directly through the continuous U-profile, which is bent in a uniform curve during the operation while being supported by the ribs and embedded transverse reinforcement.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates part of a beam or plate element of prestressed concrete produced by suspending reinforcing strands 6 rectilinearly throughout a casting mould on the bottom of which a wedge-shaped filling piece 13 is disposed prior to casting the concrete and further including two reinforcement stirrups 7.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of the beam element in the stage of the manufacturing process in which the concrete has been cast and hardened and the reinforcing strands 6 have been released.
  • the filling piece in the element forms a wedge-shaped recess extending to the reinforcing strands 6 and having sides 5.
  • the beam cross-section at the recess will be subjected to a bending moment of such a magnitude that the beam deflects sharply, thereby giving rise to a fissure or an opening confined by the surfaces of fracture 8.
  • the two beam sections 2, 3 are on either side of the point of fracture pivoted a certain angle relative to each other. The beam is then retained and as indicated in Fig. 2 concrete 9 is cast into the opening between the surfaces of fracture 8.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a part of a frame member manufactured substantially as a rectilinear prestressed element, in principle like the beam element illustrated in Fig. 1, but with the prestressed reinforcement 6 located at the upper side of the elemnt.
  • brackets 20 are embedded in the concrete. Filling piece 13 remains in its position until the deflection is to be effected and it forms until then part of the compressive side of the element during storage and conveyance.
  • brackets 20 serve to transfer forces between filling piece 13 and the concrete.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the element in Fig. 3 after the deflection operation has been accomplished. This may be carried out as described with reference to the beam element illustrated in Fig. 2. After the deflection operation element sections 2 and 3 are fixedly secured in the new position by welding brackets 20 together or joining them by bolts. The external recess formed by the deflection may, if desired, be filled in later on with concrete 9 or other material.
  • the frame element in Fig. 4 may be a partial member of a 3-hinge frame, a so-called semi-frame, with the roof portion 2 and the column portion 3.
  • the element may as well be a 2-hinge frame, Fig. 4 illustrating then one of two symmetrically positioned points of deflection.
  • the element may for instance have a third point of deflection in the centre of element section 2 analogously with Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a beam element manufactured as that illustrated in Fig. 1 but with two embedded abutment plates 11 adjacent each other and which in the area of reinforcing strands 6 are simply curved, thereby rolling on each other during the deflection of the beam.
  • the figure further shows a first filling piece 13 inserted between abutment plates 11 and a transverse partition 14 of concrete. The transverse partition is removed prior to the bending of the beam, thereby providing well defined "surfaces of fraction" 8 in the beam concurrently with obtaining a well defined positioning of the point of fracture.
  • a second filling piece 15 for instance of rigid foam plastic and shaped as a double-wedge, is embedded below the reinforcing strands 6, the underside of said second filling piece being formed as two inclined surfaces, respectively curved as a part of a cylinder surface thereby imparting opposite curved guide surfaces 12a to the concrete beam for guiding the reinformcement strands 6.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates how a fitting piece 10 of concrete after the deflection operation is inserted in the beam in Figs. 5 to 7 in the opening between surfaces 8 in beam sections 2 and 3 on either side of the point of fracture.
  • the surfaces of the transverse partition 14 and the fitting piece 10 corresponding to surfaces 8 are cast by use of the same mould sides so that the sides of fitting piece 10 may form tight joints with surfaces 8.
  • notches may be provided in the above mentioned mould sides, thereby locking surfaces 8 and the corresponding surfaces of the fitting piece in relation to each other, or grooves may be provided in the joint surfaces in which grooves concrete is later on filled in.
  • the strengthening assembly 26 is in one embodiment made from steel as two sections assembled by a weak weld 18 that will break during the deflection operation.
  • the strengthening assembly contains abutment plates 11, reinforcement guides 12 for guiding the reinforcing strands after deflection, transverse reinforcements 7 and embedded filling pieces 13 and 15.
  • the assembly is located in the casting mould prior to laying and tensioning the reinforcing strands.
  • the transverse reinforcements 7 are shaped as open stirrups with anchoring plates 19 at the top.
  • the anchoring plates 19 also function as guides for the transverse partition 14 during casting operation.
  • Figs 11 and 12 illustrate a section of a prestressed concrete beam 2, 3 with an embedded strengthening assembly 27 of an alternative type.
  • the reinforcement guide is in this case a continuous steel profile 25 of U-shaped cross-section. The ends of the profile are solidly embedded in the respective element sections 2 and 3.
  • the profile is sized to support the full prestressing force of the reinforcing strands and is provided with ribs 11a to contribute to transferring the prestress load between the U-profile and the concrete, and the transverse reinforcements 7 are welded to the guide.
  • one or more filling pieces 13 with associated transverse partitions 14 are inserted.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates the same element after accomplishment of the deflection operation which, moreover, is likely to be effected by the same means as previously described.
  • Filling pieces 13 are in this case made from a durable and resilient material, e.g. rubber, which is left in the element and forms a uniformly curved transition between element sections 2 and 3 and a piece 22 disposed between the transverse partitions.
  • the U-profile is cold-deformed in the fracture zones.
  • Fitting pieces 10 with embedded brackets 23 are finally inserted between the anchor plates 19 and may for instance be locked in position by welding. Such a locking may also be obtained by a suitable design of the corresponding surfaces of the butt seams between the element sections and the fitting pieces.
  • the reinforcing strands abut on the bottom of the U-profile and the cross-section of the U-profile is designed so that its centre of gravity is located exactly in relation to the reinforcing strands so as to effect upon deflection a desired adjustment of the prestressing in the fracture zones.
EP89911027A 1988-09-19 1989-09-18 A method of manufacturing a prestressed concrete beam or plate element and reinforcing assemblies for use in the method Expired - Lifetime EP0434753B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK520588A DK159794C (da) 1988-09-19 1988-09-19 Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af et bjaelke- eller pladeelement af strengbeton og armeringsaggregater til brug ved denne fremgangsmaade
DK5205/88 1988-09-19
PCT/DK1989/000217 WO1990003479A1 (en) 1988-09-19 1989-09-18 A method of manufacturing a prestressed concrete beam or plate element and reinforcing assemblies for use in the method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0434753A1 EP0434753A1 (en) 1991-07-03
EP0434753B1 true EP0434753B1 (en) 1997-12-03

Family

ID=8140418

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89911027A Expired - Lifetime EP0434753B1 (en) 1988-09-19 1989-09-18 A method of manufacturing a prestressed concrete beam or plate element and reinforcing assemblies for use in the method

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0434753B1 (da)
AT (1) ATE160840T1 (da)
DE (1) DE68928472T2 (da)
DK (1) DK159794C (da)
WO (1) WO1990003479A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1292506B1 (it) * 1997-03-26 1999-02-08 Calbrev Srl Trave a doppia pendenza in due meta'
CN113089495B (zh) * 2021-04-30 2022-06-28 太原科技大学 预应力混凝土简支桥梁锚下有效预应力检测方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1457999A (en) * 1920-09-20 1923-06-05 Pedersen Waldemar Julius Concrete form
US2877506A (en) * 1953-08-10 1959-03-17 Hans A Almoslino Transformable rigid structural unit for a body or article supporting assemblage
US2874812A (en) * 1955-06-28 1959-02-24 Jr Merton L Clevett Knock-down structural member with collapsible members
US4144687A (en) * 1970-07-01 1979-03-20 Brunes Tons J Self-supporting girder structure
DE3129347C2 (de) * 1981-07-24 1984-05-03 Richard Dipl.-Ing. 8332 Massing Laumer Aus Stahlbeton vorgefertigter Dachbinder oder Rahmenteil
DK152999C (da) * 1985-11-15 1988-10-24 Dansk Spaend As Bjaelke- eller pladeelement af beton med en forspaendt flertraadsarmering, fremgangsmaader ved fremstilling af saadanne elementer og styr til brug ved deres fremstilling
GB2197356B (en) * 1986-11-07 1990-08-22 Dow Mac Concrete Ltd Beams and other prestressed concrete articles of cranked form

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK520588D0 (da) 1988-09-19
DE68928472D1 (de) 1998-01-15
DK520588A (da) 1990-03-20
DK159794B (da) 1990-12-03
DK159794C (da) 1991-05-06
WO1990003479A1 (en) 1990-04-05
EP0434753A1 (en) 1991-07-03
ATE160840T1 (de) 1997-12-15
DE68928472T2 (de) 1999-03-11

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