EP0429843B1 - Buchse für hohe Gleichspannungen - Google Patents
Buchse für hohe Gleichspannungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0429843B1 EP0429843B1 EP19900120182 EP90120182A EP0429843B1 EP 0429843 B1 EP0429843 B1 EP 0429843B1 EP 19900120182 EP19900120182 EP 19900120182 EP 90120182 A EP90120182 A EP 90120182A EP 0429843 B1 EP0429843 B1 EP 0429843B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bushing
- conductor
- condenser
- condenser body
- cone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/02—Casings
- H01F27/04—Leading of conductors or axles through casings, e.g. for tap-changing arrangements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bushing for high direct voltages with a condenser body for field control of the connection between the bushing and a conductor connected to the bushing according to the precharacterising part of claim 1.
- the bushing is particularly designed for transformers which are connected to convertors in HVDC plants.
- a flashover will occur between the electrodes.
- the flashover tendency may be minimized by inserting between the electrodes an insulator body which functions as a barrier.
- Transformer bushings may comprise an upper insulator and a lower insulator of electric porcelain. At the joint between these there is a fixing flange which is connected to the transformer casing. In the centre of the bushing there is a tube on which is wound a condenser body to obtain a favourable electrical field distribution. The current can be conducted through the tube or a flexible conductor drawn through the tube.
- Condenser bodies for bushings are described in a number of patent specifications and publications of various kinds. In this connection, the following may, inter alia, be mentioned, namely EP-A-0 032 690 "Foil-insulated high voltage bushing with potential control”, EP-A-0 032 687 “High-voltage bushing with layers of embossed insulating foils”, EP-A-0 051 715 "Safety device for high-voltage bushings", ASEA Journal 1981, Volume 54, No. 4, pages 79-84.
- Common and typical for the design of the condenser bodies is that they have a central circular-cylindrical portion. From both ends this portion changes into outwardly-directed straight frustrums of cones whose cross section areas have a decreasing radius.
- a variant of the design of a condenser body is disclosed in GB-B-1 025 686, "Pothead for connecting oil-filled cables to transformers and other electrical apparatus".
- the condenser body has a conical part terminating towards the transformer.
- the condenser body terminates in a cross section area which is equal to the cross section area of the circular-cylindrical portion.
- the principle of the manufacture is that the transformer side of the body is first wound into an inward conical shape into a diameter where about 70% of the stress lies, whereupon the body is continuously wound into an outward conical shape into the final outer diameter with 0% of the stress.
- the advantage of such an embodiment is that a shorter bushing is obtained on the oil side.
- the shield may be omitted.
- Power transformers which are used in convertor plants entail special problems from the point of view of insulation, which somehow have to be overcome in order to ensure a satisfactory function.
- each convertor In high voltage direct current plants, so-called HVDC plants, there is often used at least one convertor per pole and station. Normally, also, each convertor comprises several bridges connected in series. One of the poles of one bridge is normally connected to ground and the other pole is connected to the next bridge, and so on, thus obtaining the series connection. The direct voltage potential of each bridge relative to ground is then increased according to the number of bridges which are connected between the respective bridge and ground.
- Each bridge in the series connection is supplied with an alternating voltage from a separate transformer.
- the insulation on bushings and windings of the transformers which are connected to the bridges will also be subjected to an increasingly higher direct voltage potential with a superimposed alternating voltage.
- the insulation of these must therefore be dimensioned so that they are capable of withstanding the increasingly higher electrical stresses to which they are then subjected.
- the lower insulator of the bushing and the transition between the conductor of the transformer winding and the bushing present areas of problems from the point of view of insulation technique.
- the term "conductor of the transformer winding" comprises throughout this description both the electrically conductive portion and the surrounding insulation of the transformer winding.
- the electric direct voltage field has a distribution different from that of the alternating voltage field.
- the distribution of the direct voltage is mainly determined by the resistivity of the various insulating mediums present in the field.
- transformer oil, cellulose material and electric porcelain are good electric insulators, a certain amount of electric current is flowing through these materials when subjected to an electric voltage.
- the relation between the resistivity of cellulose material and transformer oil is about 100. This means that when cellulose in series with oil is subjected to an electric voltage the cellulose is subjected to a considerably higher electric fields strength than the oil, which in turn, therefore, imposes demands for a sufficient amount of solid insulating material in order not to exceed the electric withstand strength.
- the field distribution as well as the direction of the field strength vector will thus be different from the case with alternating voltage.
- the current transport also entails a redistribution of charges in the insulating mediums used.
- the transformer bushing comprises a lower insulator.
- a condenser type barrier is used which has internal cones which make contact, across a certain oil gap, with the outer conical part of the lower insulator of the bushing as well as with the conically formed insulation of the conductor of the transformer.
- a bushing for high alternating voltages in the order of 500 kV which comprises a condenser body which is divided into two parts in the axial area of the outer flange.
- the air-side part consists of a circular cylindrical portion with an outwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone pointing away from the transformer and with an inwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone at the opposite end.
- the second part of the condenser body which extends into the oil side of the bushing, has also circular cylindrical portion and is provided on its inwardly directed end with an outwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone and on its outwardly directed end with an outwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone which forms a gap with the inwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone of the first part of the condenser body.
- the cylindrical capacitive layers in the condenser body are arranged in such a way that the field strength in said oil gap is brought down to a minimum.
- the invention aims at designing a bushing of the above-mentioned kind which withstand very high direct voltage stresses and enjoys relatively small outer dimensions.
- the invention primarily relates to a transformer bushing with a condenser body for field control for transformers used in convertor plants.
- the task of the condenser body is to overcome the flashovers which - as it has proved - may arise in transformer bushing terminals. It is designed so as to function as a barrier with both capacitive and resistive control of the electric field and is dimensioned so that the condenser body withstands the electric field strengths occurring in this bushing and in particular in the sensitive region at the connection between the conductor of the transformer and the bushing.
- the conductor which comes from the transformer winding and is to be connected to the conductor of the bushing consists of a conducting tube and a surrounding wound electrical insulation. This insulation is formed, from the end of the conducting tube, as a straight frustrum of a cone with cross section areas with an increasing radius which than changes into a circular-cylindrical portion towards the transformer.
- the conductor of the bushing also often consists of a conducting tube.
- the part of the condenser body which is situated on the air side of the transformer bushing is formed as a conventional condenser body. This means that, counting from the fixing flange of the transformer bushing, it has a circular-cylindrical portion which changes into an outwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone with decreasing diameter. Also other embodiments of this portion may be used.
- the part of the condenser body which is covered by the invention i.e. on the oil side of the transformer bushing, normally counting from the fixing flange of the bushing, is formed as a circular-cylindrical portion the end of which is provided with an inwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone.
- the axial length of the circular-cylindrical portion which is located on the oil side of the bushing is largely adapted such that its end coincides with the transition from conical to circular-cylindrical portion of the insulation of the conductor coming from the transformer winding.
- the conicity of the cone, which from that point is directed inwards, largely coincides (see, however, below) with the conicity of the insulation of the conductor of the transformer winding with space for an intermediate oil gap.
- Such a design of a condenser body means that a conventional condenser body is integrated with a condenser type barrier. This causes the electric field to be controlled in the desired way while at the same time obtaining a shielding of the conductor of the transformer. In this way the condenser body for the bushing according to the invention serves as an insulation barrier both for direct voltage and alternating voltage fields.
- the condenser body for the bushing according to the invention is built up as a conventional condenser body, i.e. it consists of wound insulating material with condenser layers of foil type concentrically inserted therein.
- the inner radius of the condenser body corresponds to the outer radius of the continuous current-carrying tube of the transformer bushing.
- the condenser body is manufactured from an insulating agent alternating with conducting layers to obtain the desired capacitive control of the electric alternating field.
- the innermost condenser layer which is concentric with the conductor has an axial length which approximately corresponds to the inner axial length of the condenser body. Outside of this innermost layer there are concentric layers alternating in length in the radial direction so that the stack formed by these layers tapers in either axial direction.
- the taper is made so that, concurrently with increasing radius of the condenser body counting from the first layer, the layers are laid in an axial direction such that their outer edges connect with the outwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone of the condenser body on the air side and an evenly decreasing taper counting from the innermost layer towards the fixing flange on the oil side.
- short layers which are laid such that, concurrently with increasing radius of the condenser body counting from the innermost layer, they are laid in the axial direction such that their outer edges connect with the inwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone of the condenser body.
- the axial length of these short layers is adapted such that their areas are constant, i.e. the axial length decreases with increasing radius of the condenser body.
- the innermost layer is connected to the central conducting tube, to which high voltage is applied, and the outermost layer at the fixing flange is connected to ground.
- the direct voltage field is controlled by several factors.
- the medium that has the lowest resistivity is field-controlling.
- an oil gap is formed between the insulator body of the conductor to the transformer winding and the surrounding inwardly directed straight frustrum of a cone of the condenser body. Since the oil has the lowest resistivity, most of the current is conducted in the oil gap, which therefore controls the field in parallel with surrounding surfaces. To obtain an even distribution of the field along these surfaces, it is therefore important that the width of the oil gap increases with decreasing radius. Otherwise, the field would be concentrated towards that part where the radius is smallest, i.e. where the cross section area of the oil gap is smallest.
- the conicity of the inwardly directed straight frustrum of a cone of the condenser body and the conicity of the conical portion of the insulator body are suitably chosen such that the radial cross section area of the oil gap is approximately constant along the conical portion of the bodies.
- Another field-controlling part is the radial distribution of the field in that part of the condenser body which does not contain any layers, i.e. around the innermost layer to which high voltage is applied.
- the conducting layers function - in the direct voltage case - as equipotential plains which prevent the field from being concentrated to any part of the mentioned oil channel.
- the oil systems in the transformer and in the bushing consist of separate systems.
- two different principal embodiments of the condenser body are suggested. These will be described in greater detail below in connection with the drawings, and therefore only a brief description of the principle will be given here.
- One alternative is that the condenser body is designed as a tight unit, for example impregnated and cured with some suitable cast compound.
- the second alternative comprises enclosing the condenser body in a tight casing. This leads to the creation of two oil gaps at the transition between the insulation of the conductor of the transformer winding and the condenser body.
- condenser body with the integrated condenser type barrier in a transformer bushing according to the invention in relation to the concept with a separate condenser type barrier disclosed in US-A-539 209 is that the outer dimensions of the system can be made smaller. Another advantage is that the extent of the interfaces which are subjected to a tangentially directed electric field strength is reduced.
- the condenser body 1 is formed as a tight cast unit. As has been described, the condenser body 1 is built up as a solid of revolution which consists of wound insulating material with concentrically inserted foil-type condenser layer.
- Figure 1 also shows the central current-carrying part 2, in the form of a tube, of a transformer bushing around which the condenser body 1 is centered, as well as the upper end the transformer winding consisting of an inner energized tube 3 and insulating material 4 wound thereon, which material 4 is formed as a circular-cylindrical part 6 which changes into a conical taper 5 towards the end of the tube.
- the central current-carrying part 2 in the form of a tube, of a transformer bushing around which the condenser body 1 is centered, as well as the upper end the transformer winding consisting of an inner energized tube 3 and insulating material 4 wound thereon, which material 4 is formed as a circular-cylindrical part 6 which changes into a conical taper 5 towards the end of the tube.
- a transformer bushing in which the condenser body is to be included normally has an upper insulator of electric porcelain acting towards the air side.
- On the oil side transformer bushings normally also have a lower insulator of, for example, electric porcelain.
- the condenser body in the first alternative is impregnated with a suitable cast compound, for example epoxy.
- a suitable cast compound for example epoxy.
- the condenser body is then wound from, for example, an insulation paper which is impregnable by the cast compound used.
- the condenser body On the air side the condenser body is formed as a condenser body according to the state of the art, i.e. with a circular-cylindrical portion 7 which changes into an outwardly-directed straight frustrum of a cone 8.
- the condenser body On the oil side the condenser body continues in a circular-cylindrical portion 9 with the same outside diameter as the circular-cylindrical portion on the air side.
- the axial length of the outer contour of the circular-cylindrical portion is adapted such that its end coincides with the transition of the insulation from the conical to the circular-cylindrical portion of the conductor of the transformer winding.
- the first and innermost condenser layer 11 is electrically connected to the current-carrying tube 2 of the bushing, as indicated at the point of connection 12.
- This first layer has an axial length which corresponds to the inner axial length of the condenser body. It is surrounded by concentric layers 13 which are laid one above the other in a radial direction and tapering relative to the first layer, in an axial direction. The taper is done by laying the layers, concurrently with increasing radius, in an axial direction so that the outer edges on one side connect with the conical contour of the air side and with an evenly decreasing taper towards the fixing flange of the transformer bushing on the other side. The outermost of these layers is connected to ground potential.
- the condenser body is provided with concentric short layers 14 which connect with the contour of the inwardly directed straight frustrum of a cone.
- the axial length of these short layers is adapted so as to have a practically constant area independently of the radius on which they are situated.
- FIG. 2 An embodiment of a condenser body according to the above-mentioned second alternative is shown in Figure 2.
- the field-controlling parts of the condenser body i.e. the wound insulating material and the layers, are arranged, from the design point of view, in the same way as in Figure 1.
- the insulation part consists, for example, of oil-impregnated insulation paper.
- the entire condenser body is surrounded by oil enclosed in a tight casing 15. This leads to the creation of two oil gaps between the inwardly directed cone of the condenser body and the conical portion of the conductor of the transformer winding. i.e. inside and outside the tight casing, respectively.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Insulators (AREA)
- Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
- Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
Claims (7)
- Durchführung für hohe Gleichstromspannungen, insbesondere für Transformatoren in HVDC-Anlagen, mit einem einzigen Kondensatorkörper (1) zur Steuerung des Feldes an der Verbindung zwischen der Durchführung und einem an die Durchführung anzuschließenden Leiter, insbesondere dem Leiter einer Transfomatorwicklung, wobei- der Kondensatorkörper (1) ein Drehkörper mit einer inneren kreiszylindrischen Öffnung ist, deren Radius dem äußeren Radius eines ersten stromführenden Leiters (2) der Durchführung, der beispielsweise als Rohr ausgebildet ist, angepaßt ist,- der Kondensatorkörper an der Luftseite der Durchführung einen kreiszylindrischen äußeren Abschnitt (7) hat, der in einem geraden nach außen gerichteten Kegelstumpf (8) übergeht,- und der Kondensatorkörper aus Isoliermaterial mit darin konzentrisch eingelegten folienartigen Kondensatorlagen besteht,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kondensatorkörper der Durchführung auf der Ölseite eine kreiszylindrische innere Öffnung hat, welche der inneren Öffnung auf der Luftseite entspricht, und einen äußeren kreiszylindrischen Abschnitt (9) hat, welcher vom Ende der Ölseite der Durchführung mit einem nach innen gerichteten geraden Kegelstumpf (10) ausgebildet ist, der sich zur inneren Öffnung erstreckt.
- Durchführung, nach Anspruch 1, welche mit einem Befestigungsflansch versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine erste innere Kondensatorlage (11) des Kondensatorkörpers (1) eine axiale Länge hat, die der axialen Länge der inneren kreiszylindrischen Öffnung entspricht, daß außerhalb dieser Lage konzentrische umeinander angeordnete Kondensatorlagen (13) vorhanden sind, die eine abnehmende axiale Länge mit zunehmendem Radius haben, wobei diese Kondensatorlagen in axialer Richtung derart angeordnet sind, daß ihre äußeren Enden an der einen Seite bis an den geraden nach außen gerichteten Kegelstumpf (8) des Kondensatorkörpers reichen und an der anderen Seite von der ersten Lage zum Befestigungsflansch der Durchführung hin gleichmäßig kürzer werden, und daß zusätzlich der Kondensatorkörper mit kurzen Kondensatorlage (14) derart versehen ist, daß mit zunehmendem Radius des Kondensatorkörpers, ausgehend von der ersten Lage, die Lagen in axialer Richtung so angeordnet sind, daß ihre äußeren Enden bis an den nach innen gerichteten geraden Kegelstumpf (10) des Kondensatorkörpers reichen und ihre axiale Länge so bemessen ist, daß ihr Bereich konstant ist.
- Durchführung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Kondensatorlage (11) elektrisch mit dem stromführenden Leiter (2) der Durchführung verbunden ist, an dem Hochspannung angeschlossen wird, und daß die äußere Kondensatorlage am Befestigungsflansch der Durchführung an Erdpotential angeschlossen ist.
- Durchführung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kondensatorkörper in einem festen Gehäuse (15) eingeschlossen ist oder selbst einen festen Körper (1) bildet.
- Durchführung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spalt zwischen dem nach innen gerichteten Kegelstumpf (10) des Kondensatorkörpers und dem genannten Gehäuse (15) so bemessen ist, daß die radiale Querschnittsfläche des Spaltes längs der gesamte Länge des nach innen gerichteten Konus konstant ist.
- Verbindung zwischen einer Durchführung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche und einem Leiter auf der Ölseite der Durchführung, welcher Leiter zum Beispiel von einer Transfomatorwicklung kommt und einen leitenden Abschnitt hat, der aus dem Leiter von der Wicklung selbst oder einem unter Spannung stehenden Rohr (3) besteht, welches diesen Leiter umgibt, wobei der leitende Abschnitt von einer Isolation (4) umgeben ist, die aus einem kreiszylindrischen Abschnit (6) und einem sich zum Ende des genannten leitenden Abschnittes hin verjüngenden geraden kegelförmigen (5) Abschnitt besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußere axiale Länge des Kondensatorkörpers auf der Ölseite der Durchführung so ausgebildet ist, daß sein Ende zusammenfällt mit dem Übergang zwischen dem kreiszylindrischen Abschnitt (6) und dem konischen Abschnitt (5) der Isolation, die das genannte unter Spannung stehende Rohr (3) umgibt.
- Verbindung zwischen einer Durchführung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche und einem Leiter auf der Ölseite der Durchführung, welcher Leiter zum Beispiel von einer Transfomatorwicklung kommt und einen leitenden Abschnitt hat, der aus dem Leiter von der Wicklung selbst oder einem unter Spannung stehenden Rohr (3) besteht, welches diesen Leiter umgibt, wobei der leitende Abschnitt von einer Isolation (4) umgeben ist, die aus einem kreiszylindrischen Abschnit (6) und einem sich zum Ende des genannten leitenden Abschnittes hin verjüngenden geraden kegelförmigen (5) Abschnitt besteht, oder Verbindung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konizität des nach innen gerichteten geraden Kegelstumpfes (10) des Kondensatorkörpers so bemessen ist, daß die radiale Querschnittsfläche des Spaltes zwischen diesem und dem konischen Abschnitt der Isolation, die den leitenden Abschnitt (3) des an die Durchführung angeschlossenen Leiters umgibt, längs des gesamten Länge des nach innen gerichteten Konus konstant ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE8903633 | 1989-10-31 | ||
SE8903633A SE464898B (sv) | 1989-10-31 | 1989-10-31 | Kondensatorkropp foer faeltstyrning av en transformatorgenomfoerings anslutning till en transformatorlindnings uppledare hos stroemriktartransformatorer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0429843A1 EP0429843A1 (de) | 1991-06-05 |
EP0429843B1 true EP0429843B1 (de) | 1995-12-20 |
Family
ID=20377340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19900120182 Revoked EP0429843B1 (de) | 1989-10-31 | 1990-10-20 | Buchse für hohe Gleichspannungen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0429843B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH03180011A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9005510A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2028987A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69024335T2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0429843T3 (de) |
SE (1) | SE464898B (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006008922B4 (de) * | 2006-02-21 | 2009-01-02 | Siemens Ag | Elektrische Abschirmanordnung |
DE102006013927B4 (de) * | 2006-03-21 | 2008-11-20 | Siemens Ag | Verbindungselement für eine elektrische Abschirmungsanordnung |
CN101136268B (zh) * | 2006-08-31 | 2012-02-08 | Abb技术有限公司 | 高压dc套管以及包括该高压套管的设备 |
CN101136269B (zh) | 2006-08-31 | 2013-03-27 | Abb研究有限公司 | 高压套管 |
DE102010063979A1 (de) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrische Abschirmanordnung einer Trennstelle einer Leitungsführung für eine HGÜ-Komponente |
DE102012203709B4 (de) * | 2012-03-08 | 2024-04-04 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Hochspannungsdurchführung für Gleichspannung |
EP2922070A1 (de) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-23 | ABB Technology Ltd | Elektrisches Isolierungssystem und elektromagnetische Induktionsvorrichtung damit |
DE102017102370A1 (de) | 2017-02-07 | 2018-08-09 | nkt cables GmbH & Co.KG | Verbindungsmuffe |
DE102018116416A1 (de) | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-09 | Nkt Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verbindungsmuffe |
DE102018215274A1 (de) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Anordnung und Verfahren zur Potentialabsteuerung in der Hochspannungstechnik |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS499837B1 (de) * | 1968-12-11 | 1974-03-06 |
-
1989
- 1989-10-31 SE SE8903633A patent/SE464898B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-10-20 DE DE1990624335 patent/DE69024335T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1990-10-20 EP EP19900120182 patent/EP0429843B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1990-10-20 DK DK90120182T patent/DK0429843T3/da active
- 1990-10-30 BR BR9005510A patent/BR9005510A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-10-30 JP JP29347790A patent/JPH03180011A/ja active Pending
- 1990-10-30 CA CA 2028987 patent/CA2028987A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH03180011A (ja) | 1991-08-06 |
CA2028987A1 (en) | 1991-05-01 |
SE8903633L (sv) | 1991-05-01 |
EP0429843A1 (de) | 1991-06-05 |
SE464898B (sv) | 1991-06-24 |
BR9005510A (pt) | 1991-09-17 |
DE69024335T2 (de) | 1996-08-14 |
DK0429843T3 (da) | 1996-05-06 |
DE69024335D1 (de) | 1996-02-01 |
SE8903633D0 (sv) | 1989-10-31 |
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