EP0420973A1 - Process for the manufacture of a framework for reinforcing concrete structures and framework obtained. - Google Patents
Process for the manufacture of a framework for reinforcing concrete structures and framework obtained.Info
- Publication number
- EP0420973A1 EP0420973A1 EP90907125A EP90907125A EP0420973A1 EP 0420973 A1 EP0420973 A1 EP 0420973A1 EP 90907125 A EP90907125 A EP 90907125A EP 90907125 A EP90907125 A EP 90907125A EP 0420973 A1 EP0420973 A1 EP 0420973A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reinforcement
- sheet
- strip
- mpa
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H8/00—Rolling metal of indefinite length in repetitive shapes specially designed for the manufacture of particular objects, e.g. checkered sheets
- B21H8/005—Embossing sheets or rolls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/16—Reinforcements
- E01C11/18—Reinforcements for cement concrete pavings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
- E04C5/03—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance with indentations, projections, ribs, or the like, for augmenting the adherence to the concrete
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a reinforcement for the reinforcement of concrete structures and in particular of concrete slab or veil.
- the present invention also relates to an armature obtained by this method.
- FR A-2 579 651 discloses a reinforcing element which can be used for any continuous work of great length and in particular for concrete roads or pavements, which, while allowing rapid and easy continuous laying, also provides resistance. increased at transverse cracking for a reduced rate of binding iron.
- This reinforcing element is in the form of a relatively narrow and thin tape, the main faces of which are embossed or notched.
- the embossing is in the form of alternately projecting relief, delimiting bosses and, in hollow delimiting cells.
- These bosses and cells can be in the form of cones or pyramids possibly truncated or of any other suitable shape such as cylindrical or parallelepiped.
- the height of the bosses or cells relative to the adjacent surface is preferably from 5 to 807. approximately the thickness of the strip.
- the strip is made of steel with high elastic limit, for example, having a tensile strength greater than 800 MPa and, preferably, has a thickness of 0.8 to 2.5 mm and a width of 10 to 60 mm.
- FR-A-2 579 651 also describes a process for manufacturing an embossed or notched strip as defined above, a process which consists in passing a strip in the form of a flat strip between at least one pair of rollers the working faces respectively have recessed and projecting imprints corresponding to those which it is desired to appear on the strip.
- said strip In order to give said strip the desired mechanical properties, it is subjected before embossing or notching a patenting treatment and, after embossing or notching, a treatment increasing the resistance to corrosion, such as pickling followed by phophatation.
- the strip is made of steel with high elastic limit and, consequently, it is not galvanizable, which obliges for its protection against corrosion to make it undergo a phosphating treatment.
- this steel is not weldable and therefore does not allow, for example, the manufacture of mesh.
- the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks while retaining the advantages of a flat element for reinforcing a concrete structure.
- the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a reinforcement for the reinforcement of concrete structures and in particular of concrete slab or veil, characterized in that a hot rolled sheet of thickness included is used as basic material. between 2.5 and 6 mm, in steel with a content of carbon less than 0.9% and an elastic limit of around 500 MPa, which is subjected to cold rolling at a rate of work hardening greater than 40% to obtain a sheet having on the one hand a thickness of between 0.8 and 2.5mm, and on the other hand an elastic limit greater than 700 MPa, the sheet being split to obtain a strip which is then embossed or notched continuously.
- Steel with a low carbon content of less than 0.9% and having an elastic limit in the range 250-500 MPa can only be used in the reinforcement of concrete by excessively increasing the density of reinforcement. This is why, according to the invention, the steel of low carbon content and of elastic limit of the order of 500 MPa is subjected to cold rolling at a rate of work hardening greater than 40% in order to obtain the characteristics. mechanical necessary for its use, in acceptable density, in the reinforcement of concrete structures.
- the use of low carbon steel makes it possible to obtain a weldable reinforcement for the production of complex structures.
- the cold-rolled sheet is galvanized, which provides good protection against corrosion, in particular when the sheet is subjected to pitting or scratches. This protection is superior to a phosphating treatment.
- the galvanized sheet is subjected to a restorative annealing at a temperature between 480oC and 520oC.
- the restoration annealing is carried out under a controlled atmosphere of nitrogen and hydrogen.
- the subject of the present invention is a reinforcement for reinforcing concrete structures, characterized in that it is obtained by the process mentioned above and in that it has at its ends a cutout allowing the insertion of a piece of liaison.
- the cutout allows a mechanical connection with one end of another frame placed at the end, the connecting piece adjusting in the cutouts placed in superposition.
- the cutout forms at least one cylindrical hole placed in the longitudinal axis of the frame, the connecting piece then being a rivet or a staple.
- the cutout forms at least one notch, produced on the field of the frame, and into which can be inserted a connecting means formed for example of a steel strip folded in U.
- the invention also relates to a concrete slab or veil, characterized in that the reinforcing elements consist of reinforcements according to the invention.
- the subject of the invention is also a sub-layer of lean or severe concrete pavement stabilized by a hydraulic binder in which are inserted, for reinforcement, reinforcements according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 represents a plan view of part of an armature according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of FIG. 1,
- - Fig. 3 represents a particular example of connection between two ends of reinforcement
- Fig. 4 represents another mode of connection between two reinforcements
- FIG. 5 shows in perspective a slab reinforced with reinforcements according to the invention.
- the method of manufacturing a reinforcement 1 as shown in Figs 1 and 2 for the reinforcement of concrete structures consists of the use of a base material consisting of a hot rolled sheet of 1.5 to 6 mm thickness of cladding steel and roofing whose elastic limit is less than 500 MPa.
- a base material consisting of a hot rolled sheet of 1.5 to 6 mm thickness of cladding steel and roofing whose elastic limit is less than 500 MPa.
- the sheet is cold rolled under a hardening rate greater than 40%. After cold rolling, the sheet is reduced to a thickness of between 0.8 and 2.5 mm.
- such a sheet is a weldable sheet, furthermore the cold rolling treatment gives mechanical properties comparable to that of a so-called hard steel whose the elastic limit is between 600 and 800 MPa.
- the cold-rolled sheet is galvanized.
- the temperatures of the restoration annealing are between 480 and 520oC.
- the duration of reprocessing under controlled atmosphere of N 2 and H 2 is approximately 30 seconds.
- the corrosion protection of a galvanized steel is superior to a corrosion protection of a phosphated steel, particularly in the use of steel used in the construction of public works such as roads, such constructions undergoing between other the effects of alkaline products, widespread in winter for thawing.
- the cold-rolled sheet, then galvanized, is split into strips so as to obtain strips of width between 10 and 60mm approximately.
- the frame 1 according to the invention is produced by an embossing by stamping or by a notching of the strip so as to form protruding bosses on one side, corresponding to cells on another side. This shaping can be carried out cold.
- the thickness of the base sheet before cold rolling is represented by the thin lines 2, and after stamping the strip 3 obtained by slitting said sheet into a strip, the frame 1 has projections 4 and corresponding recesses 5 of approximately 3mm in diameter distributed uniformly over its entire surface.
- the projections 4 have the advantage of blocking by interlocking the phenomenon of unwinding by elasticity of the wound frames.
- the frame 1 has at its ends a cutout allowing the insertion of a connecting piece.
- the cutout forms at least one cylindrical hole 6 placed in the longitudinal axis of the frame 1, and the connecting piece is formed by a rivet 7.
- the rivet 7 is placed between two reinforcing ends 1 so as to ensure continuity of the reinforcement, for example in a reinforced concrete slab and, for this purpose, the hole 6 is made in the two joined reinforcements for the passage of the body of the rivet 7.
- notches 9 are cut on the field of said reinforcements 1. These notches can be rectangular or trapezoidal and their depth is substantially equal to the thickness of a connecting means 8.
- the notches 9 are superimposed so as to insert the connecting means 8 which, in this embodiment, is formed by a steel strip folded in a U shape.
- the connection is ensured by crushing the two lips of the U.
- the frame 1 thus produced can be used in particular for the construction of concrete pavements as shown in FIG. 5.
- the frame 1 is then embedded in the concrete
- the reinforcement rate as a percentage of straight section of the road is preferably 0.15 to 0.5%, this rate to be understood as the ratio between the steel section and the concrete section, in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the road .
- the reinforcements 1 can also be spot welded. Thus it is possible to make welded mesh covering large areas.
- Reinforcement 1 can also be used to reinforce lean concrete or gravel stabilized by a hydraulic binder for an underlayment of pavement, which allows the suppression of macro-cracking and primers of degradation.
- reinforcements according to the invention which can be unwound in great lengths without harmful permanent deformation and linked or welded together makes it possible on the one hand to obtain continuous progress of the site, consequently with improved quality, and d on the other hand to greatly reduce the length of road occupied by the site, therefore to reduce in the same way the inconvenience brought to traffic in the case of a reinforcement or a renewal of an existing road or pavement, while ensuring corrosion protection, particularly effective against alkaline products spread on pavements in winter.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Dans le procédé de fabrication d'une armature (1) pour le renforcement des structures en béton et notamment de dalle ou voile en béton se présentant sous la forme d'un feuillard (3) dont les faces sont crantées ou gaufrées, on utilise pour matériau de base une tôle laminée à chaud d'épaisseur comprise entre 1,5 et 6 mm, en acier possédant une teneur en carbone inférieure à 0,9 %, et une limite élastique d'environ 500 MPa, on soumet à un laminage à froid sous un taux d'écrouissage supérieur à 40 % pour obtenir une tôle ayant d'une part une épaisseur comprise entre 0,8 et 2,5 mm, et d'autre part une limite élastique supérieure à 700 MPa, la tôle étant refendue pour obtenir un feuillard (3) qui est ensuite cranté ou gaufré en continu. La demande concerne également l'armature obtenue selon ce procédé.In the method of manufacturing a reinforcement (1) for reinforcing concrete structures and in particular a concrete slab or wall in the form of a strip (3) whose faces are notched or embossed, it is used for base material a hot-rolled sheet with a thickness of between 1.5 and 6 mm, made of steel having a carbon content of less than 0.9%, and an elastic limit of about 500 MPa, is subjected to rolling at cold under a work hardening rate greater than 40% to obtain a sheet having on the one hand a thickness between 0.8 and 2.5 mm, and on the other hand an elastic limit greater than 700 MPa, the sheet being slit to obtain a strip (3) which is then continuously notched or embossed. The request also relates to the reinforcement obtained by this process.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT90907125T ATE78310T1 (en) | 1989-04-10 | 1990-04-10 | METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF REINFORCEMENT FOR REINFORCING CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND REINFORCEMENT OBTAINED BY THIS METHOD. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8904679 | 1989-04-10 | ||
FR8904679A FR2645562B1 (en) | 1989-04-10 | 1989-04-10 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A REINFORCEMENT FOR REINFORCING CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND REINFORCEMENT OBTAINED ACCORDING TO THIS PROCESS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0420973A1 true EP0420973A1 (en) | 1991-04-10 |
EP0420973B1 EP0420973B1 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
Family
ID=9380537
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90907125A Expired - Lifetime EP0420973B1 (en) | 1989-04-10 | 1990-04-10 | Process for the manufacture of a framework for reinforcing concrete structures and framework obtained |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5154534A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0420973B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2704042B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2029905A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2034860T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2645562B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990012175A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA902755B (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2704255B1 (en) * | 1993-04-20 | 1995-07-13 | Lorraine Laminage | REINFORCEMENT FOR REINFORCING CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME. |
EP0674060A1 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1995-09-27 | Wilhelm Modersohn GmbH & Co KG Verankerungstechnik | Reinforcement for masonry |
GB2302106B (en) * | 1995-06-10 | 1999-08-25 | Metsec Plc | Metal strip |
CH691691A5 (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 2001-09-14 | Varinorm Ag | Support with reinforcement bars arranged in concrete has complete cross-sectional surface of reinforcement bars amounting to at least 12 per cent of cross-sectional surface of support |
JP3829147B2 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2006-10-04 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Pneumatic tire |
EP2017507B1 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2016-06-01 | Tenaris Connections Limited | Threaded joint with resilient seal ring |
DE102009048425A1 (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-07 | Häussler Innovation GmbH | Method and apparatus for producing welded joints |
EP2325435B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2020-09-30 | Tenaris Connections B.V. | Threaded joint sealed to [ultra high] internal and external pressures |
DE102010018676B4 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2012-02-09 | Dbw Holding Gmbh | Heat insulation or insulating sheet in the vehicle area from a flat semi-finished metal |
JP2011246737A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-12-08 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Composite material |
US9163296B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2015-10-20 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | Coiled tube with varying mechanical properties for superior performance and methods to produce the same by a continuous heat treatment |
US9970242B2 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2018-05-15 | Tenaris Connections B.V. | Galling resistant drill pipe tool joint and corresponding drill pipe |
US9803256B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-10-31 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | High performance material for coiled tubing applications and the method of producing the same |
EP2789701A1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-15 | DALMINE S.p.A. | High strength medium wall quenched and tempered seamless steel pipes and related method for manufacturing said steel pipes |
EP2789700A1 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-15 | DALMINE S.p.A. | Heavy wall quenched and tempered seamless steel pipes and related method for manufacturing said steel pipes |
KR102197204B1 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2021-01-04 | 테나리스 커넥션즈 비.브이. | High-chromium heat-resistant steel |
US11124852B2 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2021-09-21 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | Method and system for manufacturing coiled tubing |
US10434554B2 (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2019-10-08 | Forum Us, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a coiled tubing string |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR418661A (en) * | 1910-07-28 | 1910-12-15 | Glenn Allen | Further training in reinforced cement constructions |
JPS484253U (en) * | 1971-06-14 | 1973-01-18 | ||
US3909316A (en) * | 1973-04-20 | 1975-09-30 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Method for annealing of strip coils |
JPS5619380B2 (en) * | 1973-08-11 | 1981-05-07 | ||
USRE31221E (en) * | 1975-02-28 | 1983-04-26 | Armco Inc. | Cold rolled, ductile, high strength steel strip and sheet and method therefor |
USRE31306E (en) * | 1975-02-28 | 1983-07-12 | Armco Inc. | Cold rolled, ductile, high strength steel strip and sheet and method therefor |
US3936324A (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1976-02-03 | Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of making high strength cold reduced steel by a full continuous annealing process |
FI751200A (en) * | 1975-04-22 | 1976-10-23 | Ovako Oy | |
FR2325778A1 (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1977-04-22 | Vidal Henri | REINFORCEMENT FOR WORK IN ARMED EARTH |
US4082576A (en) * | 1976-10-04 | 1978-04-04 | Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company | Ultra-high strength low alloy titanium bearing flat rolled steel and process for making |
US4104088A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1978-08-01 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation | Method of making differentially coated one side alloyed galvanized steel strip |
US4183983A (en) * | 1978-08-17 | 1980-01-15 | Selas Corporation Of America | Method for reducing metal oxide formation on a continuous metal sheet in the hot dip coating thereof |
CA1137394A (en) * | 1979-12-05 | 1982-12-14 | Hajime Nitto | Process for continuously annealing a cold-rolled low carbon steel strip |
US4400223A (en) * | 1981-08-21 | 1983-08-23 | Inland Steel Company | Hot rolled steel product and method for producing same |
US4478892A (en) * | 1983-03-16 | 1984-10-23 | National Steel Corporation | Method of and apparatus for hot dip coating of steel strip |
DD221759B1 (en) * | 1984-02-28 | 1989-05-03 | Florin Stahl Walzwerk | CONCRETE STEEL IS HOT ROLLED AND THERMALLY FIXED |
FR2579651B1 (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1988-04-29 | Fical Fils Cables Acier Lens | IMPROVED STRAP, METHOD AND MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING SAME, AND ITS APPLICATION TO REINFORCING CONCRETE STRUCTURES |
EP0218621A1 (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1987-04-22 | Usinor Aciers | Cassette for the conditioning and the distribution of a metal strip and machine for automatically using such cassette |
JPS62215753A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-09-22 | 株式会社 応用企画 | Method for reinforcing concrete |
FR2605302A1 (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1988-04-22 | Guerin Georges | Device for employing metal strips having a high elastic limit which are intended to form a reinforcement for hydraulic concrete |
-
1989
- 1989-04-10 FR FR8904679A patent/FR2645562B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-04-10 ZA ZA902755A patent/ZA902755B/en unknown
- 1990-04-10 WO PCT/FR1990/000259 patent/WO1990012175A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-04-10 JP JP2506951A patent/JP2704042B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-10 CA CA002029905A patent/CA2029905A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-10 ES ES199090907125T patent/ES2034860T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-10 US US07/603,752 patent/US5154534A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-10 EP EP90907125A patent/EP0420973B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9012175A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH03505358A (en) | 1991-11-21 |
US5154534A (en) | 1992-10-13 |
WO1990012175A1 (en) | 1990-10-18 |
ZA902755B (en) | 1991-11-27 |
CA2029905A1 (en) | 1990-10-11 |
JP2704042B2 (en) | 1998-01-26 |
FR2645562B1 (en) | 1992-11-27 |
EP0420973B1 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
ES2034860T3 (en) | 1993-04-01 |
FR2645562A1 (en) | 1990-10-12 |
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