EP0420725B1 - Procédé de production frigorifique, cycle frigorifique correspondant et leur application à la distillation d'air - Google Patents

Procédé de production frigorifique, cycle frigorifique correspondant et leur application à la distillation d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0420725B1
EP0420725B1 EP90402594A EP90402594A EP0420725B1 EP 0420725 B1 EP0420725 B1 EP 0420725B1 EP 90402594 A EP90402594 A EP 90402594A EP 90402594 A EP90402594 A EP 90402594A EP 0420725 B1 EP0420725 B1 EP 0420725B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
pressure
air
turbine
pressure turbine
low
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP90402594A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0420725A1 (fr
Inventor
Odile Guilleminot
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/004—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being air
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    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
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    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/939—Partial feed stream expansion, air
    • Y10S62/94—High pressure column

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to refrigeration production. It applies in particular to the liquefaction of air gases and to air distillation installations, and it relates in the first place to a method of refrigeration production by expansion of a pressurized fluid at a first temperature in a first turbine known as high pressure turbine, then expansion of part of the fluid from this high pressure turbine in a second turbine known as low pressure turbine. Such a method is described, for example, in document US-A-4522636.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method making it possible to improve the heat exchange relationships and to better adapt the refrigeration production to requirements.
  • the invention relates to a method of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the part of the fluid from the high pressure turbine is heated to a second temperature above the first temperature before being admitted to the low pressure turbine.
  • This refrigeration cycle intended for the implementation of such a process.
  • This refrigeration cycle of the type comprising a circuit for circulating a cycle fluid, a cycle compressor, a first turbine called a high pressure turbine, and a second turbine called a low pressure turbine, the circuit comprising means for passing at least part of the cycle fluid compressed by the compressor, after cooling to a first temperature in the high pressure turbine, and means for passing at least part of the fluid leaving this turbine in the low pressure turbine, is characterized in that it comprises means for heating said part leaving the high pressure turbine to a second temperature higher than the first temperature before its admission into the low pressure turbine.
  • the document EP-A-0.316.768 describes a refrigeration production process for the distillation of air in which a working fluid, compressed at medium pressure by a main compressor, part of the medium pressure fluid is expanded in a first turbine , another part of the medium-pressure fluid is supercharged by two compressors in series and expanded in a high-pressure turbine, the two turbines serving to actuate the compressors of the double-stage overpressure line, the fluid leaving the turbine low pressure and a part of the expanded fluid leaving the high pressure turbine being recycled to the main compressor.
  • the air distillation installation shown in FIG. 1 is intended to produce oxygen and nitrogen in liquid form. It comprises a double distillation column 1 itself comprising a medium pressure column 2 operating at around 6 bar absolute, surmounted by a low pressure column 3 operating slightly above atmospheric pressure.
  • the overhead gas (nitrogen) from column 2 is in an indirect heat exchange relationship with the tank liquid (oxygen) from column 3 by means of a vaporizer-condenser 4.
  • the installation also includes a heat exchange line 5 with countercurrent circulation of the fluids placed in heat exchange relationship, and two turbine-booster assemblies 6 and 7.
  • the assembly 6 includes a booster or booster 8 and a "hot" low pressure turbine 9 mounted on the same shaft 10
  • the assembly 7 includes a booster or booster 11 and a cold high pressure turbine 12 mounted on the same shaft 13.
  • the two boosters 8 and 11 are mounted in series.
  • the air to be separated, compressed to 20 bars and purified of water and CO2 is boosted to 30 bars by the assembly of the first booster 8 and the second booster 11, then is cooled to a temperature T1, for example of around - 125 ° C, in passages 14 of the exchange line 5.
  • a part, for example about a quarter, of this air continues to cool down to the cold end of the exchange line, in the same passages 14, from which it emerges liquefied, then, via a line 15, is expanded to 6 bars in an expansion valve 16 and is injected into the bottom of the column 2.
  • all or part of this liquid can be expanded at low pressure and injected into column 3.
  • the rest of the air at 30 bars is exited from the exchange line 5 by a pipe 17 and expanded to 6 bars in the turbine 12, from which it emerges near its dew point.
  • This temperature T2 can for example be between ambient temperature and approximately -30 ° C.
  • the air thus heated is taken out of the exchange line via a line 20 and expanded to the vicinity of atmospheric pressure in the turbine 9, from which it leaves at a temperature close to T1. It is then reintroduced into the exchange line via a line 21, warmed up to room temperature in passages 22 and discharged from the installation, after having possibly served for the regeneration of the adsorbent used for purifying the incoming air and / or for cooling the air leaving the main compressor (not shown) of the 'installation.
  • all or part of the air from the turbine 9 can be cooled to the cold end of the exchange line in passages 23 and then blown into the low pressure column 3, or even be mixed with impure nitrogen , constituting the residual of the double column, being reheated in passages 24 of the exchange line.
  • the rich liquid LR oxygen-enriched air collected in the tank of column 2 is sent to column 3, after sub-cooling in a sub-cooler 25 by vaporization of liquid oxygen withdrawn from the tank of column 3, filtered into 25A and returned to column 3, then expanded in an expansion valve 26, and lean liquid LP consisting essentially of nitrogen, drawn off at the top of column 2, is also sent to column 3 after sub-cooling in a sub-cooler 27 then expanded in an expansion valve 28.
  • the installation produces on the one hand liquid nitrogen, taken off at the top of column 2 via a pipe 29, sub-cooled in the sub-cooler 27, expanded in the vicinity of atmospheric pressure in an expansion valve 30 and stored in a tank 31, and on the other hand liquid oxygen, taken from the tank of column 3 via a driving 32 and so us-cooled in the sub-cooler 27.
  • the latter is cooled by the impure nitrogen drawn off at the head of column 3 via a line 33 and then sent to passages 24 of the exchange line.
  • the nitrogen gas formed in the reservoir 31 is returned to the pipe 33 via a pipe 34.
  • FIG. 1 It follows from the above considerations that the installation of FIG. 1 leads to a specific reduced liquefaction energy. It is also noted that the medium-pressure air conveyed through line 18 can without drawback be in the vicinity of its dew point, which is favorable for distillation in the double column.
  • the cycle nitrogen discharged by the compressor 37 is boosted to 50 bars by all of the boosters 8A and 11A and introduced into passages 14A of the exchange line. Part of this nitrogen continues to cool down to the cold end of the exchange line, is expanded to medium pressure (6 bars) in an expansion valve 16A and separated into two liquid and vapor phases in a separator pot 38.
  • the vapor phase is warmed up to room temperature in passages 19A of the exchange line, and the liquid phase is sub-cooled in a sub-cooler 39.
  • a part of this sub-cooled liquid is expanded to about 1 bar in an expansion valve 40, vaporized in the sub-cooler 39 against the flow of the liquid, then warmed up to room temperature in passages 24A of the exchange line.
  • the rest of the sub-cooled liquid constitutes the production of liquid nitrogen, drawn off via a pipe 41.
  • the order of magnitude of the difference T2 - T1 is at least equal to half of the temperature drop supplied by a turbine.
  • the hot part of the exchange line 5 or 5A can optionally be cooled down to approximately -40 ° C. by an auxiliary ammonia or "Freon" refrigeration unit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP90402594A 1989-09-25 1990-09-20 Procédé de production frigorifique, cycle frigorifique correspondant et leur application à la distillation d'air Expired - Lifetime EP0420725B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8912517A FR2652409A1 (fr) 1989-09-25 1989-09-25 Procede de production frigorifique, cycle frigorifique correspondant et leur application a la distillation d'air.
FR8912517 1989-09-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0420725A1 EP0420725A1 (fr) 1991-04-03
EP0420725B1 true EP0420725B1 (fr) 1993-11-24

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EP90402594A Expired - Lifetime EP0420725B1 (fr) 1989-09-25 1990-09-20 Procédé de production frigorifique, cycle frigorifique correspondant et leur application à la distillation d'air

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5157926A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0420725B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP3086857B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU637141B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA2025918C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE69004773T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2046742T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2652409A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69004773D1 (de) 1994-01-05
AU637141B2 (en) 1993-05-20
ES2046742T3 (es) 1994-02-01
US5157926A (en) 1992-10-27
FR2652409B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1994-12-23
CA2025918C (fr) 2001-05-29
FR2652409A1 (fr) 1991-03-29
JP3086857B2 (ja) 2000-09-11
EP0420725A1 (fr) 1991-04-03
AU6305990A (en) 1991-03-28
CA2025918A1 (fr) 1991-03-26
JPH03170784A (ja) 1991-07-24
DE69004773T2 (de) 1994-03-17

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