EP0417831A1 - Process and apparatus for making earthen blocks - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for making earthen blocks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0417831A1
EP0417831A1 EP90202332A EP90202332A EP0417831A1 EP 0417831 A1 EP0417831 A1 EP 0417831A1 EP 90202332 A EP90202332 A EP 90202332A EP 90202332 A EP90202332 A EP 90202332A EP 0417831 A1 EP0417831 A1 EP 0417831A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drawer
punch
filling
molding space
press
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90202332A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0417831B1 (en
Inventor
Virgile Serge Taddei
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JUDA, FRANCOISE CLAIRE
Original Assignee
Juda Francoise Claire
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Publication of EP0417831A1 publication Critical patent/EP0417831A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/027—Particular press methods or systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/025—Hot pressing, e.g. of ceramic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/08—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with two or more rams per mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
    • B30B15/302—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses
    • B30B15/304—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses by using feed frames or shoes with relative movement with regard to the mould or moulds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing earthen blocks, in particular cold stabilized blocks, comprising the following steps: - filling a molding space with a molding material comprising at least earth; - Application by displacement of a punch of a first compressive force on said material; - entrainment by the material to be molded of the walls of the molding space in the same direction as that of the first compression force while maintaining the first compression force.
  • the invention also relates to a device for producing earthen blocks, in particular cold stabilized blocks, comprising a drawer and a filling unit arranged to fill said drawer with a material to be molded, as well as means for moving said drawer. and bringing it to a molding space and emptying it into said molding space, said device further comprising a press arranged to compress said material introduced into the molding space and form a block, said press comprising a first press having a first punch as well as first means allowing the displacement of the walls of the molding space in the same direction as that in which the first punch is moved.
  • a disadvantage of the method and of the device is that the entrainment effect of the molding mass is weak, which has the consequence that the compression of the material is not done adequately. This in turn leads to a malformation of the blocks, which are then unusable.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device which provides a solution to the mentioned disadvantage.
  • a method according to the invention is characterized in that after the filling step and before the application of said first force, a pre-compression is applied to the material to be molded using said punch, the force of precompression being less than said first force.
  • a device is characterized in that the press comprises second means for applying, with the aid of said first punch, a precompression of a force less than the compression force to the material to be molded.
  • Precompression allows the material introduced into the molding space to settle and, if necessary, to blow up any earth bridges which may have formed during filling.
  • the forces applied during compression are better distributed over all the material and therefore the effect of entrainment of the mass to be molded on the walls of the molding space is better resulting in better compression and therefore better block formation.
  • a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention is characterized in that towards the end of the emptying of the drawer a pulse of compressed air is injected into said drawer.
  • the compressed air pulse allows better emptying of the drawer and therefore better filling, which in turn leads to better block formation.
  • the verification unit is arranged to measure the degree of filling of said drawer and to include in said filling signal an indication of the missing quantity to be added to reach said predetermined level. The amount of material to be added can thus be determined.
  • Another preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention is characterized in that said drawer is connected to a vibration unit arranged to subject said drawer to vibration.
  • the vibration unit consists of a needle arranged to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency.
  • Ultrasound is very suitable for blowing up earth bridges.
  • the blocks produced by applying the process according to the invention are interlocking blocks having a predetermined height with a tolerance of less than 2%. This allows a construction without joints and without plastering.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example of a device for producing earthen blocks according to the invention.
  • an earth block is meant bricks, tiles or other building elements made from a molding material containing inter alia earth, cement and water.
  • these are cold stabilized blocks, that is to say blocks produced without cooking.
  • the blocks can have different shapes or configurations and be of different dimensions.
  • the blocks are interlocking blocks, allowing construction without joints or plastering, and provided with internal passage for passing pipes therein.
  • a small percentage of cement preferably less than 10%, serves as a binder for the material.
  • This molding material is mixed in a mixer 1 arranged to pour the molding material onto a filling unit 2, for example formed from a conveyor belt, which brings the molding material to a drawer 3, preferably provided with a valve 4.
  • a vibration unit 25 for example formed by a needle arranged to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency, is advantageously mounted in the drawer 3 and makes it possible to vibrate this drawer as well as the material therein.
  • the drawer 3 is mounted on displacement means 5, for example a rail on which is placed a carriage which carries the drawer.
  • the carriage can be moved on the rail, for example using a motor (not shown). The carriage then being moved between a filling point located below one end of the conveyor belt 2 and a molding space 11.
  • An ultrasonic detector 6 is mounted above the drawer 3 around said end of the conveyor belt 2. This detector is part of a verification unit which will be described in more detail below.
  • the ultrasonic detector 6 is arranged to measure the height to which the drawer 3 is filled. To this end, the detector 6 emits an ultrasonic signal which is reflected by the material to be molded which is in the drawer. The time between sending a signal and receiving the reflected signal indicates the height at which the drawer is filled.
  • the valve 4 When the drawer 3 is located above the molding space 11, the valve 4 is actuated so that it opens the bottom of the drawer to pour the material to be molded into the molding space 11.
  • the material to be molded is then compressed using a first 7, respectively a second 10 press provided with a first 8, respectively a second 9, punch and disposed above, respectively below, the molding space .
  • the presses are preferably hydraulic presses.
  • the block 12 When the block 12 has been manufactured, it is evacuated from the molding space, for example using the drawer 3 which pushes the block.
  • the drawer can also be bottomless and it is the surface of the table that forms the bottom of the drawer. The material would thus be pushed onto the table and would then fall into the molding space 11.
  • the drawer comprises at least one injector 27 arranged to inject a pulse of compressed air into said drawer.
  • the injector is connected to a source of compressed air such as for example a compressor not shown in the drawing.
  • the injection of compressed air takes place during the emptying of the drawer and makes it possible to evacuate from the drawer material which would have remained attached to it.
  • compressed air is not continuously injected, but this compressed air is injected by pulse.
  • This control member comprises a programmable unit 13, for example a " programmable controller "C20 sold by OMRON Tateisi Electronics Co., Osaka 541, Japan.
  • This programmable unit 13 comprises a communication line 17 to which are connected a microprocessor 14, a first memory 15, for example a RAM and a second memory 16, for example an EPROM.
  • An input / output interface 18 is also connected to the communication line 17. This input / output interface is arranged to organize the exchange information between the programmable unit 13 and other elements of the device.
  • this input / output interface 18 is connected to a first control element 19 of the detector 6, to a second, respectively third, control element 20, respectively 21, of the first 7, respectively of the second 10, press , to a fourth control element 22 of the displacement means 5, to a fifth control element 23 of the valve 4, to a sixth control element of the vibration unit 25 and finally to a seventh control element 26 of the mixer 1 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a device according to the invention mounted inside a container.
  • Figures 5, 6 and 7 illustrate the different positions of the punch during the production of an earth block.
  • the first punch 8 of the press 7 descends, preferably quickly after the filling of the molding space 11 has taken place. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the first punch 8 applies precompression to the material to be molded, which has the consequence that the first punch 8 descends slightly into the molding space. During this precompression, a force is applied which is significantly lower than that applied during the compression itself. Precompression makes it possible to pack the material to be molded.
  • a second phase as illustrated in FIG. 6, the first punch descends further into the molding space by compressing the material to be molded.
  • a large compression force greater than that applied during precompression, is applied during this phase. Part of the compressive force is distributed over the walls of the mold space.
  • compression continues to be applied to the material to be molded.
  • the table 28 is driven downwards and the first punch goes down further, entraining the material through the material. second punch.
  • the driving of the table is essentially carried out by the force applied to the walls by the compressed material.
  • the table is held in position by the second press, for example by blocking the hydraulic cylinder which controls the movement of the second punch.
  • the table descends further to evacuate the block formed.
  • the table then rises to the level as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the friction between grains of the material to be molded means that part of the force developed to carry out the compression is transferred from grain to grain as far as the vertical walls of the space of the molding, thus the material located in the bottom of the mold does not receive all of the compression force because part of this force is transferred into the walls of the molding space, hence the advantage of double compression which allows to carry the effort developed to compress the material contained in the molding space in the upper and lower parts of the block.
  • the stroke of the latter is advantageously limited.
  • This element is for example made up of a microswitch or a photoelectric cell. .
  • this element triggers a signal which will immediately stop the movement of the first punch and thus prevent the latter from sinking further into the material. This makes it possible to form blocks having a constant and predetermined height with a tolerance of less than 2%.
  • the height of the blocks is substantially constant and that the tolerance is less than 2%. Variations in height in the blocks would prevent correct nesting and give an appearance not presentable to a wall constructed this way.
  • the blocks have a substantially constant height, their fitting becomes very easy and it is therefore not necessary to apply either joints or plastering.
  • the double compression and, if necessary, the control of the stroke of the first punch make it possible to produce blocks of constant height and having a tolerance of less than 2% since the compression force is uniformly applied to all of the material.
  • This flow diagram represents the important steps of a program for manufacturing an earth block.
  • This program is for example stored in the EPROM memory 16 and the various commands are transmitted by the input / output interface 18 and the various control elements.
  • the different steps will now be described in more detail.
  • 30 STRT It is the start-up of the system.
  • 31 ACT 2 Conveyor belt 2 is activated.
  • 32 O / C 1 Mixer 1 is open during the predetermined period of time in order to pour material to be molded onto the conveyor belt 2. The duration of this period depends on the size of the block to be formed and the flow rate of the mixer .
  • the conveyor belt could pour material into a hopper which would then feed the drawer.
  • 34 ACT 6 The detector 6 is activated by means of a pulse sent to the control element 19. The detector 6 then emits an ultrasonic wave to measure the filling level of the drawer 2.
  • 35 LVL? The filling level of the drawer 3, as measured by the detector 6, is checked. To this end, the detector 6 checks the time elapsed between the emission of an ultrasonic wave and the reception of the reflected wave. This time is then sent via the control unit 19 and the interface 18 to the programmable unit 13. This unit 13 will then check whether this time corresponds to a predetermined time.
  • this time is approximately equal to or less (y) than the predetermined time indicating a predetermined filling level of the drawer. Otherwise (N), the program proceeds to the step 38.
  • 36 OFL? The programmable unit checks whether the said time is less than the predetermined time.
  • 37 ALM If this is the case, an alarm signal is generated indicating that too much material has been introduced into the drawer. The device is then automatically stopped so as not to produce an unusable block.
  • 38 DTT If too little material has been introduced into the drawer, the programmable unit generates a control signal. Preferably, this control signal also includes an indication to indicate how much material is missing in the drawer.
  • the programmable unit determines for example the time difference between the time measured by the detector 6 and the predetermined time.
  • 39 EN The control signal is transformed into a filling signal, which is sent via the control element 26 to the mixer 1. When the above indication has also been determined, this will be transformed into a another indication indicating the opening time of the mixer and this other indication will be introduced into the filling signal which will be transmitted to the mixer. In another embodiment, it would also be possible to adjust the flow rate of the conveyor belt 2 using the filling signal. After the filling signal has been formed, the program is resumed from step 32.
  • 40 SHT When the drawer is properly filled, the displacement means 5 are activated via the control element 22, in order to move the drawer 3 and bring it above the mold space 11 .
  • VSHT? We check if the drawer is well above the mold space. This is for example achieved using a detector (not shown in the drawing), which detects the position of the drawer above the molding space. When this detector detects that the drawer is above the molding space, it sends a signal to the programmable unit 13 which then goes to step 43.
  • 42 ALM In the event that the signal indicating the position of the drawer above the mold space has not been received for a predetermined period of time, an alarm signal is generated and the device is automatically stopped in order to do not damage the presses.
  • 43 EMP The drawer is now emptied by actuating the valve 4, and the material to be molded falls into the molding space 11.
  • ALM When a flag has been positioned and one or both of the punches are still not correctly positioned, an alarm signal is generated and the device is automatically stopped so as not to damage the presses.
  • 50 RS FL A flag which would have been set during step 48 is reset.
  • 51 PPS A precompression is carried out, for example using the punch 8. This precompression allows compaction of the material.
  • 52 P8 + 9 The presses 7 and 10 are activated in order to apply using the punch 8 a pressure on the material to be molded and to bring down the table 28 in order to form by compression of the material an earth block. Where appropriate, the punch 8 is limited in its course when the device is provided with an element making it possible to detect a predetermined position as mentioned previously.
  • this element sends a signal to the microprocessor when said position has been reached, which then stops the movement of the punch 8.
  • 53 RM 8 + 9 The punches 8 and 9 are removed and the block is evacuated from the molding space.
  • 54 ST? We check if we want to stop the device, if not the process resumes from step 32.
  • 54 STP It's the end of the program.
  • the internal wall of the latter is advantageously covered with polyethylene.
  • compressed air is advantageously blown into the drawer.

Abstract

Process and apparatus for making earthen blocks, comprising: … …  - filling of a moulding volume (11) with a material to be moulded comprising at least earth; …  - application by means of a punch of a precompression on the material to be moulded; …  - application by displacement of the punch (8) of a first compressive force on said material; …  - carrying along, by means of the material to be moulded, of the walls of the moulding volume in the same direction as that of the first compressive force while maintaining the first compressive force. … …<IMAGE>…

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour produire des blocs en terre, en particulier des blocs stabilisés à froid, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
- remplissage d'un espace de moulage avec une matière à mouler comprenant au moins de la terre ;
- application par déplacement d'un poinçon d'une première force de compression sur ladite matière ;
- entraînement par la matière à mouler des parois de l'espace de moulage dans le même sens que celui de la première force de compression en maintenant la première force de compression.The present invention relates to a method for producing earthen blocks, in particular cold stabilized blocks, comprising the following steps:
- filling a molding space with a molding material comprising at least earth;
- Application by displacement of a punch of a first compressive force on said material;
- entrainment by the material to be molded of the walls of the molding space in the same direction as that of the first compression force while maintaining the first compression force.

L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour produire des blocs en terre, en particulier des blocs stabilisés à froid, comprenant un tiroir et une unité de remplissage agencée pour remplir ledit tiroir d'une matière à mouler, ainsi que des moyens pour déplacer ledit tiroir et l'amener vers un espace de moulage et le vider dans ledit espace de moulage, ledit dispositif comprenant en outre une presse agencée pour comprimer ladite matière introduite dans l'espace de moulage et en former un bloc, ladite presse comportant une première presse ayant un premier poinçon ainsi que des premiers moyens permettant le déplacement des parois de l'espace de moulage dans le même sens que celui dans lequel le premier poinçon est déplacé.The invention also relates to a device for producing earthen blocks, in particular cold stabilized blocks, comprising a drawer and a filling unit arranged to fill said drawer with a material to be molded, as well as means for moving said drawer. and bringing it to a molding space and emptying it into said molding space, said device further comprising a press arranged to compress said material introduced into the molding space and form a block, said press comprising a first press having a first punch as well as first means allowing the displacement of the walls of the molding space in the same direction as that in which the first punch is moved.

Un tel procédé et un tel dispositif sont connus par le brevet belge n° 877.553. Dans le dispositif connu, un tiroir est rempli d'une matière à mouler, en particulier une matière préalablement malaxée et constituée de terre ou de sable, de ciment et d'eau. Le tiroir est déplacé au-dessus d'un espace de moulage où il est vidé. Une presse pourvue d'un poinçon applique alors une pression sur la matière introduite dans l'espace de moulage afin de comprimer cette matière et d'en faire un bloc ou une brique. Pendant l'opération du moulage par compression les parois de l'espace de moulage sont déplacées par l'effet d'entraînement de la masse à mouler dont la densité augmente.Such a method and such a device are known from Belgian patent n ° 877.553. In the known device, a drawer is filled with a molding material, in particular a material previously kneaded and consisting of earth or sand, cement and water. The drawer is moved above a mold space where it is emptied. A press fitted with a punch then applies pressure to the material introduced into the molding space in order to compress this material and make it a block or a brick. During the compression molding operation, the walls of the molding space are displaced by the entrainment effect of the molding mass, the density of which increases.

Un désavantage du procédé et du dispositif est que l'effet d'entraînement de la masse à mouler est faible ce qui a pour conséquence que la compression de la matière ne se fait pas de façon adéquate. Cela entraîne à son tour une malformation des blocs, qui sont alors inutilisables.A disadvantage of the method and of the device is that the entrainment effect of the molding mass is weak, which has the consequence that the compression of the material is not done adequately. This in turn leads to a malformation of the blocks, which are then unusable.

Le but de l'invention est de réaliser un procédé et un dispositif qui amène une solution au désavantage mentionné.The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device which provides a solution to the mentioned disadvantage.

A cette fin, un procédé suivant l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'après l'étape de remplissage et avant l'application de ladite première force on applique à l'aide dudit poinçon une précompression sur la matière à mouler, la force de précompression étant inférieure à ladite première force.To this end, a method according to the invention is characterized in that after the filling step and before the application of said first force, a pre-compression is applied to the material to be molded using said punch, the force of precompression being less than said first force.

Un dispositif suivant l'invention est caractérisé en ce que la presse comprend des seconds moyens pour appliquer à l'aide dudit premier poinçon une précompression d'une force inférieure à la force de compression à la matière à mouler.A device according to the invention is characterized in that the press comprises second means for applying, with the aid of said first punch, a precompression of a force less than the compression force to the material to be molded.

La précompression permet à la matière introduite dans l'espace de moulage de se tasser et le cas échéant de faire sauter d'éventuels ponts de terre qui se seraient formés durant le remplissage. Lorsque la matière a été tassée à l'aide de la précompression, les efforts appliqués durant la compression sont mieux répartis sur toute la matière et donc l'effet d'entraînement de la masse à mouler sur les parois de l'espace de moulage est meilleur résultant en une meilleure compression et donc en une meilleure formation des blocs.Precompression allows the material introduced into the molding space to settle and, if necessary, to blow up any earth bridges which may have formed during filling. When the material has been packed using precompression, the forces applied during compression are better distributed over all the material and therefore the effect of entrainment of the mass to be molded on the walls of the molding space is better resulting in better compression and therefore better block formation.

Il faut noter que l'application de différentes forces de compression durant la fabrication d'un même bloc est décrite dans le brevet français n° 325.964. Dans ce dernier il est décrit un procédé de fabrication de blocs où l'on applique une compression suivie d'une grande compression. Toutefois la grande compression n'est pas appliquée de façon uniforme sur deux faces opposées d'un bloc et l'entraînement des parois de l'espace de moulage se fait d'une façon aléatoire, ce qui ne permet pas une compression uniforme et un contrôle adéquat du procédé de compression. Le procédé suivant l'invention se distingue de celui de brevet français n° 325.964 en ce que suivant l'invention les parois de l'espace de moulage restent immobiles durant la précompression et ne sont entraînées que durant l'application de la première force de compression alors que suivant ledit brevet français les parois se déplacent à un certain moment quelconque de la compression et restent immobiles durant l'application de la grande compression. Le fait que les parois se déplacent à un certain moment quelconque donne un caractere aléatoire à la compression et mène à une malformation des blocs.It should be noted that the application of different compressive forces during the manufacture of the same block is described in French Patent No. 325,964. In the latter there is described a method of manufacturing blocks in which compression is applied followed by great compression. However, the great compression is not applied uniformly on two opposite faces of a block and the drive of the walls of the molding space is done in a random manner, which does not allow a uniform compression and a adequate process control compression. The process according to the invention differs from that of French patent n ° 325.964 in that according to the invention the walls of the molding space remain immobile during the precompression and are entrained only during the application of the first force of compression while, according to said French patent, the walls move at any time during the compression and remain immobile during the application of the large compression. The fact that the walls move at any given moment gives a randomness to the compression and leads to a malformation of the blocks.

Une forme de réalisation préférentielle d'un procédé suivant l'invention est caractérisée en ce que vers la fin du vidange du tiroir une impulsion d'air comprimé est injectée dans ledit tiroir. L'impulsion d'air comprimé permet un meilleur vidange du tiroir et donc un meilleur remplissage ce qui à son tour mène à une meilleure formation des blocs.A preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention is characterized in that towards the end of the emptying of the drawer a pulse of compressed air is injected into said drawer. The compressed air pulse allows better emptying of the drawer and therefore better filling, which in turn leads to better block formation.

Il arrive régulièrement que le tiroir ne se remplit pas convenablement dû au fait que des ponts de terre se forment causant ainsi non seulement un remplissage insuffisant du tiroir mais également la formation d'un bloc inutilisable puisque trop fragile par manque d'homogénéité. Afin de remédier à ce problème, un dispositif suivant l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une unité de vérification pour vérifier à l'aide d'un signal ultrason si ledit tiroir a été rempli jusqu'à un niveau prédéterminé et pour émettre un signal de contrôle en cas d'un remplissage insuffisant. Grâce à l'unité de vérification, il est maintenant relativement facile de contrôler le niveau de remplissage du tiroir. De plus, l'emploi d'un signal ultrason offre l'avantage de pouvoir effectuer facilement ce contrôle sans devoir introduire un élément de mesure dans le tiroir. Le signal de contrôle émis lors d'un remplissage insuffisant permet d'intervenir afin de ne pas produire un bloc hétérogène.It often happens that the drawer does not fill properly due to the fact that earth bridges are formed, thus causing not only insufficient filling of the drawer but also the formation of an unusable block since it is too fragile due to lack of homogeneity. In order to remedy this problem, a device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a verification unit for verifying with the aid of an ultrasonic signal whether said drawer has been filled to a predetermined level and for issue a control signal in the event of insufficient filling. Thanks to the verification unit, it is now relatively easy to check the filling level of the drawer. In addition, the use of an ultrasonic signal offers the advantage of being able to easily carry out this control without having to introduce a measuring element into the drawer. The control signal emitted during insufficient filling makes it possible to intervene so as not to produce a heterogeneous block.

Une forme préférentielle de réalisation d'un dispositif suivant l'invention est caractérisé en ce que l'unité de vérification est reliée à l'unité de remplissage et est agencée pour engendrer sous contrôle dudit signal de contrôle un signal de remplissage et le transmettre à l'unité de remplissage pour activer cette dernière. Ceci permet d'effectuer un remplissage complémentaire lorsqu'une quantité insuffisante de matière a été introduite dans le tiroir.A preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention is characterized in that the verification unit is connected to the filling unit and is arranged to generate under control of said control signal a filling signal and transmit it to the filling unit to activate the latter. This allows additional filling to be carried out when an insufficient quantity of material has been introduced into the drawer.

De préférence, l'unité de vérification est agencée pour mesurer le degré de remplissage dudit tiroir et pour inclure dans ledit signal de remplissage une indication de la quantité manquante à ajouter pour atteindre ledit niveau prédéterminé. La quantité de matière à ajouter peut ainsi être déterminée.Preferably, the verification unit is arranged to measure the degree of filling of said drawer and to include in said filling signal an indication of the missing quantity to be added to reach said predetermined level. The amount of material to be added can thus be determined.

Une autre forme préférentielle de réalisation d'un dispositif suivant l'invention est caractérisée en ce que ledit tiroir est relié à une unité de vibration agencée pour soumettre ledit tiroir à une vibration. Ainsi, on parvient à éviter la formation d'éventuels ponts de terre.Another preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention is characterized in that said drawer is connected to a vibration unit arranged to subject said drawer to vibration. Thus, we manage to avoid the formation of possible earth bridges.

De préférence, l'unité de vibration est constituée d'une aiguille agencée pour vibrer à une fréquence ultrason. Les ultrasons sont tout à fait appropriés pour faire sauter des ponts de terre.Preferably, the vibration unit consists of a needle arranged to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency. Ultrasound is very suitable for blowing up earth bridges.

De préférence les blocs produits en appliquant le procédé suivant l'invention sont des blocs à emboîtement ayant une hauteur prédéterminée avec une tolérance inférieure à 2 %. Ceci permet une construction sans joints et sans crépissage.Preferably the blocks produced by applying the process according to the invention are interlocking blocks having a predetermined height with a tolerance of less than 2%. This allows a construction without joints and without plastering.

L'invention sera maintenant décrite plus en détail à l'aide du dessin qui représente un exemple de réalisation d'un dispositif suivant l'invention. Il va de soi que l'invention n'est pas limitée à l'exemple illustré et que, dans le cadre de l'invention, d'autres formes de réalisation sont également possibles. Dans le dessin :

  • La figure 1 illustre de façon schématique un exemple d'un dispositif suivant l'invention.
  • La figure 2 illustre de façon schématique un organe de commande pour un dispositif suivant l'invention.
  • La figure 3 illustre un dispositif suivant l'invention aménagé dans un container.
  • La figure 4 illustre à l'aide d'un organigramme le fonctionnement d'un dispositif suivant l'invention.
  • Les figures 5, 6 et 7 illustrent les différentes phases du procédé suivant l'invention.
The invention will now be described in more detail using the drawing which shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention. It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the example illustrated and that, in the context of the invention, other embodiments are also possible. In the drawing:
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example of a device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a control member for a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a device according to the invention arranged in a container.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates with the aid of a flowchart the operation of a device according to the invention.
  • Figures 5, 6 and 7 illustrate the different phases of the process according to the invention.

Dans les figures, une même référence indique un même élément ou un élément analogue.In the figures, the same reference indicates the same element or an analogous element.

La figure 1 illustre de façon schématique un exemple d'un dispositif pour produire des blocs en terre suivant l'invention. Par un bloc en terre on entend des briques, des tuiles ou autres éléments de construction fabriqués à partir d'une matière à mouler contenant entre autres de la terre, du ciment et de l'eau. En particulier il s'agit de blocs stabilisés à froid, c'est-à-dire des blocs produits sans cuisson. Les blocs peuvent avoir différentes formes ou configurations et être de dimensions differentes. De préférence les blocs sont des blocs à emboîtement, permettant une construction sans joints ou crépissage, et pourvus de passage interne pour y faire passer des canalisations. Un faible pourcentage de ciment, de préférence inférieur à 10 %, sert de liant à la matière. Cette matière à mouler est mélangée dans un malaxeur 1 agencé pour déverser la matière à mouler sur une unité de remplissage 2, par exemple formée d'une bande transporteuse, qui amène la matière à mouler vers un tiroir 3, de préférence pourvu d'un clapet 4. Une unité de vibration 25, par exemple formée d'une aiguille agencée pour vibrer à une fréquence ultrason, est avantageusement montée dans le tiroir 3 et permet de faire vibrer ce tiroir ainsi que la matière qui s'y trouve. Le tiroir 3 est monté sur des moyens de déplacement 5, par exemple un rail sur lequel est placé un chariot qui porte le tiroir. Le chariot peut être déplacé sur le rail, par exemple à l'aide d'un moteur (non illustré). Le chariot étant alors déplacé entre un point de remplissage situé en dessous d'une extrémité de la bande transporteuse 2 et un espace de moulage 11.Figure 1 schematically illustrates an example of a device for producing earthen blocks according to the invention. By an earth block is meant bricks, tiles or other building elements made from a molding material containing inter alia earth, cement and water. In particular, these are cold stabilized blocks, that is to say blocks produced without cooking. The blocks can have different shapes or configurations and be of different dimensions. Preferably, the blocks are interlocking blocks, allowing construction without joints or plastering, and provided with internal passage for passing pipes therein. A small percentage of cement, preferably less than 10%, serves as a binder for the material. This molding material is mixed in a mixer 1 arranged to pour the molding material onto a filling unit 2, for example formed from a conveyor belt, which brings the molding material to a drawer 3, preferably provided with a valve 4. A vibration unit 25, for example formed by a needle arranged to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency, is advantageously mounted in the drawer 3 and makes it possible to vibrate this drawer as well as the material therein. The drawer 3 is mounted on displacement means 5, for example a rail on which is placed a carriage which carries the drawer. The carriage can be moved on the rail, for example using a motor (not shown). The carriage then being moved between a filling point located below one end of the conveyor belt 2 and a molding space 11.

Un détecteur 6 à ultrason est monté au-dessus du tiroir 3 aux alentours de ladite extrémité de la bande transporteuse 2. Ce détecteur fait partie d'une unité de vérification qui sera décrite plus en détail ci-dessous. Le détecteur 6 à ultrason est agencé pour mesurer la hauteur à laquelle le tiroir 3 est rempli. A cette fin, le détecteur 6 émet un signal ultrason qui est réfléchi par la matière à mouler qui se trouve dans le tiroir. Le temps entre l'émission d'un signal et la réception du signal réfléchi indique la hauteur à laquelle le tiroir est rempli.An ultrasonic detector 6 is mounted above the drawer 3 around said end of the conveyor belt 2. This detector is part of a verification unit which will be described in more detail below. The ultrasonic detector 6 is arranged to measure the height to which the drawer 3 is filled. To this end, the detector 6 emits an ultrasonic signal which is reflected by the material to be molded which is in the drawer. The time between sending a signal and receiving the reflected signal indicates the height at which the drawer is filled.

Lorsque le tiroir 3 se trouve au-dessus de l'espace de moulage 11, le clapet 4 est actionné afin qu'il ouvre le fond du tiroir pour déverser la matière à mouler dans l'espace de moulage 11. La matière à mouler est ensuite comprimée à l'aide d'une première 7, respectivement d'une deuxième 10 presse pourvue d'un premier 8, respectivement d'un deuxième 9, poinçon et disposée au-dessus, respectivement en dessous, de l'espace de moulage. Les presses sont de préférence des presses hydrauliques. Lorsque le bloc 12 a été fabriqué, il est évacué de l'espace de moulage, par exemple à l'aide du tiroir 3 qui pousse le bloc.When the drawer 3 is located above the molding space 11, the valve 4 is actuated so that it opens the bottom of the drawer to pour the material to be molded into the molding space 11. The material to be molded is then compressed using a first 7, respectively a second 10 press provided with a first 8, respectively a second 9, punch and disposed above, respectively below, the molding space . The presses are preferably hydraulic presses. When the block 12 has been manufactured, it is evacuated from the molding space, for example using the drawer 3 which pushes the block.

Il va de soi que la présence du clapet 4 sur le tiroir 3 est une forme de réalisation préférentielle. Le tiroir peut également être sans fond et que ce soit la surface de la table qui forme le fond du tiroir. La matière serait ainsi poussée sur la table et tomberait alors dans l'espace de moulage 11.It goes without saying that the presence of the valve 4 on the drawer 3 is a preferred embodiment. The drawer can also be bottomless and it is the surface of the table that forms the bottom of the drawer. The material would thus be pushed onto the table and would then fall into the molding space 11.

Dans une autre forme de réalisation du dispositif suivant l'invention le tiroir comporte au moins un injecteur 27 agencé pour injecter une impulsion d'air comprimée dans ledit tiroir. A cette fin l'injecteur est relié à une source d'air comprimé telle que par exemple un compresseur non illustrée dans le dessin. L'injection d'air comprimée a lieu en cours de vidange du tiroir et permet d'évacuer du tiroir de la matière qui y serait restée accrochée. Afin d'empêcher que des restants de matière éclabousseraient de tous les côtés on n'injecte pas en continu de l'air comprimé, mais cet air comprimé est injecté par impulsion.In another embodiment of the device according to the invention, the drawer comprises at least one injector 27 arranged to inject a pulse of compressed air into said drawer. To this end the injector is connected to a source of compressed air such as for example a compressor not shown in the drawing. The injection of compressed air takes place during the emptying of the drawer and makes it possible to evacuate from the drawer material which would have remained attached to it. In order to prevent residual material from splashing on all sides, compressed air is not continuously injected, but this compressed air is injected by pulse.

La gestion des différents mouvements des différents éléments du dispositif illustré à la figure 1 est réalisée à l'aide de l'organe de commande illustré de façon schématique à la figure 2. Cet organe de commande comporte une unité programmable 13, par exemple un "programmable controller" C20 commercialisé par la société OMRON Tateisi Electronics Co., Osaka 541, Japon. Cette unité programmable 13 comprend une ligne de communication 17 à laquelle sont reliés un microprocesseur 14, une première mémoire 15, par exemple une RAM et une deuxième mémoire 16, par exemple une EPROM. Une interface d'entrée/sortie 18 est également reliée à la ligne de communication 17. Cet interface d'entrée/sortie est agencé pour organiser l'échange d'informations entre l'unité programmable 13 et d'autres éléments du dispositif. Ainsi, cet interface d'entrée/sortie 18 est relié à un premier élément de contrôle 19 du détecteur 6, à un deuxième, respectivement troisième, élément de contrôle 20, respectivement 21, de la première 7, respectivement de la deuxième 10, presse, à un quatrième élément de contrôle 22 des moyens de déplacement 5, à un cinquième élément de contrôle 23 du clapet 4, à un sixième élément de contrôle de l'unité de vibration 25 et enfin à un septième élément de contrôle 26 du malaxeur 1.The management of the various movements of the various elements of the device illustrated in FIG. 1 is carried out using the control member illustrated schematically in FIG. 2. This control member comprises a programmable unit 13, for example a " programmable controller "C20 sold by OMRON Tateisi Electronics Co., Osaka 541, Japan. This programmable unit 13 comprises a communication line 17 to which are connected a microprocessor 14, a first memory 15, for example a RAM and a second memory 16, for example an EPROM. An input / output interface 18 is also connected to the communication line 17. This input / output interface is arranged to organize the exchange information between the programmable unit 13 and other elements of the device. Thus, this input / output interface 18 is connected to a first control element 19 of the detector 6, to a second, respectively third, control element 20, respectively 21, of the first 7, respectively of the second 10, press , to a fourth control element 22 of the displacement means 5, to a fifth control element 23 of the valve 4, to a sixth control element of the vibration unit 25 and finally to a seventh control element 26 of the mixer 1 .

Afin de faciliter le déplacement du dispositif suivant l'invention et ainsi de permettre la production de blocs en terre sur le site même où ils doivent être utilisés à des fins de construction, le dispositif est avantageusement installé à l'intérieur d'un container. La figure 3 illustre un dispositif suivant l'invention monté à l'intérieur d'un container.In order to facilitate the movement of the device according to the invention and thus allow the production of earthen blocks on the same site where they are to be used for construction purposes, the device is advantageously installed inside a container. FIG. 3 illustrates a device according to the invention mounted inside a container.

Les figures 5, 6 et 7 illustrent les différentes positions du poinçon lors de la production d'un bloc en terre. Dans une première phase le premier poinçon 8 de la presse 7 descend, de préférence rapidement après que le remplissage de l'espace de moulage 11 a eu lieu. Ensuite, comme illustré à la figure 5, le premier poinçon 8 applique une précompression sur la matière à mouler ce qui a pour conséquence que le premier poinçon 8 descend légèrement dans l'espace de moulage. Lors de cette précompression on applique une force sensiblement inférieure à celle appliquée lors de la compression même. La précompression permet de tasser la matière à mouler.Figures 5, 6 and 7 illustrate the different positions of the punch during the production of an earth block. In a first phase the first punch 8 of the press 7 descends, preferably quickly after the filling of the molding space 11 has taken place. Then, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the first punch 8 applies precompression to the material to be molded, which has the consequence that the first punch 8 descends slightly into the molding space. During this precompression, a force is applied which is significantly lower than that applied during the compression itself. Precompression makes it possible to pack the material to be molded.

Dans une deuxième phase, telle qu'illustrée à la figure 6, le premier poinçon descend davantage dans l'espace de moulage en compressant la matière à mouler. Une grande force de compression, supérieure à celle appliquée durant la précompression, est appliquée lors de cette phase. Une partie de la force de compression est distribuée sur les parois de l'espace de moulage.In a second phase, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the first punch descends further into the molding space by compressing the material to be molded. A large compression force, greater than that applied during precompression, is applied during this phase. Part of the compressive force is distributed over the walls of the mold space.

Dans une troisième phase illustrée à la figure 7 la compression continue à être appliquée à la matière à mouler. Lors de cette phase la table 28 est entraînée vers le bas et le premier poinçon descend davantage en entraînant par l'intermédiaire de la matière le deuxième poinçon. L'entraînement de la table est essentiellement réalisée par la force appliquée sur les parois par la matière compressée. Durant la deuxième phase la table est maintenue en position par la seconde presse, par exemple en bloquant le verin hydraulique qui commande le déplacement du deuxième poinçon.In a third phase illustrated in FIG. 7, compression continues to be applied to the material to be molded. During this phase the table 28 is driven downwards and the first punch goes down further, entraining the material through the material. second punch. The driving of the table is essentially carried out by the force applied to the walls by the compressed material. During the second phase the table is held in position by the second press, for example by blocking the hydraulic cylinder which controls the movement of the second punch.

Lorsque la troisième phase est terminée la table descend davantage afin d'évacuer le bloc formé. La table remonte ensuite au niveau tel qu'illustré à la figure 5. En agissant de la façon décrite ci-dessus on obtient une double compression par un seul mouvement unidirectionnel.When the third phase is completed, the table descends further to evacuate the block formed. The table then rises to the level as illustrated in FIG. 5. By acting in the manner described above, a double compression is obtained by a single unidirectional movement.

En effet, le frottement entre grains de la matière à mouler fait qu'une partie de l'effort développé pour exécuter la compression, est reporté de grain en grain jusque sur les parois verticales de l'espace du moulage, de ce fait la matière se trouvant dans le fond du moule ne reçoit pas la totalité de l'effort de compression du fait qu'une partie de cet effort est transféré dans les parois de l'espace de moulage, d'où l'avantage d'une double compression qui permet de porter l'effort développé pour comprimer la matière contenue dans l'espace de moulage dans les parties supérieure et inférieure du bloc.In fact, the friction between grains of the material to be molded means that part of the force developed to carry out the compression is transferred from grain to grain as far as the vertical walls of the space of the molding, thus the material located in the bottom of the mold does not receive all of the compression force because part of this force is transferred into the walls of the molding space, hence the advantage of double compression which allows to carry the effort developed to compress the material contained in the molding space in the upper and lower parts of the block.

Lors de la descente du premier poinçon 8, la course de ce dernier est avantageusement limitée. A cette fin, il est prévu de loger un élément dans les parois de l'espace de moulage ou dans la première presse en permettant de détecter une position prédéterminée Cet élément est par exemple constitué d'un micro-interrupteur ou d'une cellule photoélectrique. Lorsque le premier poinçon a atteint cette position prédéterminée, qui correspond au maximum admis de sa course, cet élément déclenche un signal qui va immédiatement arrêter le mouvement du premier poinçon et empêcher ainsi que ce dernier s'enfonce davantage dans la matière. Ceci permet de former des blocs ayant une hauteur constante et prédéterminée avec une tolérance inférieure à 2 %.During the descent of the first punch 8, the stroke of the latter is advantageously limited. To this end, provision is made to house an element in the walls of the molding space or in the first press, making it possible to detect a predetermined position. This element is for example made up of a microswitch or a photoelectric cell. . When the first punch has reached this predetermined position, which corresponds to the maximum allowed of its stroke, this element triggers a signal which will immediately stop the movement of the first punch and thus prevent the latter from sinking further into the material. This makes it possible to form blocks having a constant and predetermined height with a tolerance of less than 2%.

Lorsqu'on produit des blocs à emboîtement il est important que la hauteur des blocs soit sensiblement constante et que la tolérance soit inférieure à 2 %. En effet, des variations de hauteur dans les blocs empêcheraient un emboîtage correct et donneraient un aspect non présentable à un mur construit de cette façon. Lorsque les blocs ont une hauteur sensiblement constante, leur emboîtage devient très facile et il n'est donc pas nécessaire d'appliquer ni des joints ni un crépissage. La double compression et, le cas échéant, le contrôle de la course du premier poinçon permettent de produire des blocs de hauteur constante et ayant une tolérance inférieure à 2 % puisque la force de compression est uniformément appliquée sur toute la matière.When producing interlocking blocks it is important that the height of the blocks is substantially constant and that the tolerance is less than 2%. Variations in height in the blocks would prevent correct nesting and give an appearance not presentable to a wall constructed this way. When the blocks have a substantially constant height, their fitting becomes very easy and it is therefore not necessary to apply either joints or plastering. The double compression and, if necessary, the control of the stroke of the first punch make it possible to produce blocks of constant height and having a tolerance of less than 2% since the compression force is uniformly applied to all of the material.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif pour fabriquer des blocs en terre suivant l'invention sera maintenant décrit à l'aide de l'organigramme illustré à la figure 4. Cet organigramme représente les étapes importantes d'un programme de fabrication d'un bloc en terre. Ce programme est par exemple emmagasiné dans la mémoire EPROM 16 et les différentes commandes sont transmises par l'interface entrée/sortie 18 et les différents éléments de contrôle. Les différentes étapes seront maintenant décrites plus en détail.
30 STRT : C'est la mise en route du dispositif.
31 ACT 2 : La bande transporteuse 2 est activée.
32 O/C 1 : Le malaxeur 1 est ouvert durant la période de temps prédéterminée afin de déverser de la matière à mouler sur la bande transporteuse 2. La durée de cette période est fonction de la dimension du bloc à former et du débit du malaxeur. (On suppose ici que le remplissage du malaxeur est réalisé d'une façon conventionnelle).
33 VBR : La matière à mouler, amenée par la bande transporteuse 2 dans le tiroir 3 est secouée afin de faire sauter d'éventuels ponts de terre et de tasser la matière. Toutefois, il s'agit ici d'une forme préférentielle d'un dispositif suivant l'invention. Dans une réalisation de base, il est possible de ne pas inclure cette étape. La matière est secouée soit mécaniquement en faisant bouger le chariot, soit en faisant vibrer l'aiguille 25 à l'aide d'une impulsion transmise par l'élément de contrôle 24. L'émission d'une onde ultrason offre l'avantage de ne pas devoir bouger le chariot et de transmettre une forte énergie de vibration à la matière, faisant ainsi fortement vibrer la matière et sauter des ponts de terre. Dans une autre forme de réalisation la bande transporteuse pourrait déverser de la matière dans une trémie qui alimenterait alors le tiroir.
34 ACT 6 : Le détecteur 6 est activé par l'intermédiaire d'une impulsion envoyée à l'élément de contrôle 19. Le détecteur 6 émet alors une onde ultrason pour mesurer le niveau de remplissage du tiroir 2.
35 LVL? : Le niveau de remplissage du tiroir 3, tel que mesuré par le détecteur 6, est vérifié. A cette fin, le détecteur 6 vérifie le temps écoulé entre l'émission d'une onde ultrason et la réception de l'onde réfléchie. Ce temps est alors envoyé par l'intermédiaire de l'unité de contrôle 19 et l'interface 18 vers l'unité programmable 13. Cette unité 13 va alors vérifier si ce temps correspond à un temps prédéterminé. Au cas où ce temps est à peu près égal ou inférieur (y) au temps prédéterminé indiquant un niveau de remplissage prédéterminé du tiroir, le programme passe à l'étape 36. Dans le cas contraire (N), le programme passe à l'étape 38.
36 OFL? : L'unité programmable vérifie si ledit temps est inférieur au temps prédéterminé.
37 ALM : Si tel est le cas, un signal d'alarme est engendré indiquant que trop de matière a été introduite dans le tiroir. Le dispositif est alors automatiquement arrêté afin de ne pas produire un bloc inutilisable.
38 DTT : Au cas où trop peu de matière a été introduite dans le tiroir, l'unité programmable engendre un signal de contrôle. De préférence, ce signal de contrôle comporte également une indication pour indiquer combien de matière il manque dans le tiroir. A cette fin, l'unité programmable détermine par exemple la différence de temps entre le temps mesuré par le détecteur 6 et le temps prédéterminé.
39 FR : Le signal de contrôle est transformé en un signal de remplissage, qui est envoyé par l'intermédiaire de l'élément de contrôle 26 au malaxeur 1. Lorsque l'indication susdite a également été déterminée, celle-ci sera transformée en une autre indication indiquant le temps d'ouverture du malaxeur et cette autre indication sera introduite dans le signal de remplissage qui sera transmis au malaxeur. Dans une autre forme de réalisation, il serait également possible de régler le débit de la bande transporteuse 2 à l'aide du signal de remplissage. Après la formation du signal de remplissage, le programme est repris à partir de l'étape 32.
40 SHT : Lorsque le tiroir est convenablement rempli, les moyens de déplacement 5 sont activés par l'intermédiaire de l'élément de contrôle 22, afin de déplacer le tiroir 3 et de l'amener au-dessus de l'espace de moulage 11.
41 VSHT? : L'on vérifie si le tiroir se trouve bien au-dessus de l'espace de moulage. Ceci est par exemple réalisé à l'aide d'un détecteur (non repris dans le dessin), qui détecte la position du tiroir au-dessus de l'espace de moulage. Lorsque ce détecteur détecte que le tiroir se trouve au-dessus de l'espace de moulage, il envoie un signal à l'unité programmable 13 qui passe alors à l'étape 43.
42 ALM : Au cas où le signal indiquant la position du tiroir au-dessus de l'espace de moulage n'aurait pas été reçu durant une période de temps prédétermlné, un signal d'alarme est engendré et le dispositif est automatiquement arrêté afin de ne pas abîmer les presses.
43 EMP : Le tiroir est maintenant vidé en actionnant le clapet 4, et la matière à mouler tombe dans l'espace de moulage 11.
44 DPL 8/9 : Les poinçons 8 et 9 des presses 7 et 10 sont maintenant déplacés pour permettre la compression de la matière à mouler.
45 P8? : L'on vérifie si le poinçon 8 se trouve dans sa position de départ pour débuter la compression.
46 P9? : L'on vérifie si le poinçon 9 se trouve dans sa position de départ. La vérification de la position des poinçons 8 et 9 est nécessaire afin d'appliquer une force de compression égale sur la face supérieure et la face inférieure de la matière qui se trouve dans l'espace de moulage.
47 FL? : On vérifie si un drapeau (flag) a été positionné indiquant qu'un nouvel essai de positionner les poinçons a été effectué.
48 RT + BFL : Lorsque le poinçon 8 respectivement 9 n'est pas correctement positionné, un nouvel essai de positionnement est entrepris et un drapeau est positionné (un par poinçon).
49 ALM : Lorsqu'un drapeau a été positionné et qu'un ou les deux poinçons ne se trouve toujours pas correctement positionné, un signal d'alarme est engendré et le dispositif est automatiquement arrêté afin de ne pas abîmer les presses.
50 RS FL : Un drapeau qui aurait été positionné durant l'étape 48 est remis a zero.
51 PPS : Une précompression est réalisée, par exemple à l'aide du poinçon 8. Cette précompression permet un tassement de la matière.
52 P8 + 9 : Les presses 7 et 10 sont activées afin d'appliquer à l'aide du poinçon 8 une pression sur la matière à mouler et à faire descendre la table 28 afin de former par compression de la matière un bloc en terre. Le cas échéant le poinçon 8 est limité dans sa course lorsque le dispositif est pourvu d'un élément permettant de détecter une position prédéterminée telle que mentionnée auparavant. Dans ce dernier cas cet élément envoie un signal au microprocesseur lorsque ladite position a été atteinte, ce qui provoque alors l'arrêt du mouvement du poinçon 8.
53 RM 8+9 : Les poinçons 8 et 9 sont retirés et le bloc est évacué de l'espace de moulage.
54 ST? : On vérifie si l'on désire arrêter le dispositif, si non le processus reprend à partir de l'étape 32.
54 STP : C'est la fin du programme.The operation of the device for manufacturing earthen blocks according to the invention will now be described with the aid of the flow diagram illustrated in FIG. 4. This flow diagram represents the important steps of a program for manufacturing an earth block. This program is for example stored in the EPROM memory 16 and the various commands are transmitted by the input / output interface 18 and the various control elements. The different steps will now be described in more detail.
30 STRT : It is the start-up of the system.
31 ACT 2 : Conveyor belt 2 is activated.
32 O / C 1 : Mixer 1 is open during the predetermined period of time in order to pour material to be molded onto the conveyor belt 2. The duration of this period depends on the size of the block to be formed and the flow rate of the mixer . (It is assumed here that the filling of the mixer is carried out in a conventional manner).
33 VBR : The material to be molded, brought by the conveyor belt 2 into the drawer 3 is shaken in order to blow up any earth bridges and to pack the material. However, this is a preferred form of a device according to the invention. In a basic implementation, it is possible not to include this step. The material is shaken either mechanically by moving the carriage, or by vibrating the needle 25 using a pulse transmitted by the control element 24. The emission of an ultrasonic wave offers the advantage of not to have to move the carriage and to transmit a strong energy of vibration to the matter, thus making strongly vibrate the matter and to jump earth bridges. In another embodiment, the conveyor belt could pour material into a hopper which would then feed the drawer.
34 ACT 6 : The detector 6 is activated by means of a pulse sent to the control element 19. The detector 6 then emits an ultrasonic wave to measure the filling level of the drawer 2.
35 LVL? : The filling level of the drawer 3, as measured by the detector 6, is checked. To this end, the detector 6 checks the time elapsed between the emission of an ultrasonic wave and the reception of the reflected wave. This time is then sent via the control unit 19 and the interface 18 to the programmable unit 13. This unit 13 will then check whether this time corresponds to a predetermined time. In the event that this time is approximately equal to or less (y) than the predetermined time indicating a predetermined filling level of the drawer, the program proceeds to step 36. Otherwise (N), the program proceeds to the step 38.
36 OFL? : The programmable unit checks whether the said time is less than the predetermined time.
37 ALM : If this is the case, an alarm signal is generated indicating that too much material has been introduced into the drawer. The device is then automatically stopped so as not to produce an unusable block.
38 DTT : If too little material has been introduced into the drawer, the programmable unit generates a control signal. Preferably, this control signal also includes an indication to indicate how much material is missing in the drawer. To this end, the programmable unit determines for example the time difference between the time measured by the detector 6 and the predetermined time.
39 EN : The control signal is transformed into a filling signal, which is sent via the control element 26 to the mixer 1. When the above indication has also been determined, this will be transformed into a another indication indicating the opening time of the mixer and this other indication will be introduced into the filling signal which will be transmitted to the mixer. In another embodiment, it would also be possible to adjust the flow rate of the conveyor belt 2 using the filling signal. After the filling signal has been formed, the program is resumed from step 32.
40 SHT : When the drawer is properly filled, the displacement means 5 are activated via the control element 22, in order to move the drawer 3 and bring it above the mold space 11 .
41 VSHT? : We check if the drawer is well above the mold space. This is for example achieved using a detector (not shown in the drawing), which detects the position of the drawer above the molding space. When this detector detects that the drawer is above the molding space, it sends a signal to the programmable unit 13 which then goes to step 43.
42 ALM : In the event that the signal indicating the position of the drawer above the mold space has not been received for a predetermined period of time, an alarm signal is generated and the device is automatically stopped in order to do not damage the presses.
43 EMP : The drawer is now emptied by actuating the valve 4, and the material to be molded falls into the molding space 11.
44 DPL 8/9 : The punches 8 and 9 of the presses 7 and 10 are now moved to allow the compression of the material to be molded.
45 P8? : We check if the punch 8 is in its starting position to start the compression.
46 P9? : We check if the punch 9 is in its starting position. Verification of the position of the punches 8 and 9 is necessary in order to apply an equal compression force to the upper face and the lower face of the material which is in the molding space.
47 FL? : We check if a flag has been set indicating that a new attempt to position the punches has been made.
48 RT + BFL : When the punch 8 respectively 9 is not correctly positioned, a new positioning test is undertaken and a flag is positioned (one per punch).
49 ALM : When a flag has been positioned and one or both of the punches are still not correctly positioned, an alarm signal is generated and the device is automatically stopped so as not to damage the presses.
50 RS FL : A flag which would have been set during step 48 is reset.
51 PPS : A precompression is carried out, for example using the punch 8. This precompression allows compaction of the material.
52 P8 + 9 : The presses 7 and 10 are activated in order to apply using the punch 8 a pressure on the material to be molded and to bring down the table 28 in order to form by compression of the material an earth block. Where appropriate, the punch 8 is limited in its course when the device is provided with an element making it possible to detect a predetermined position as mentioned previously. In the latter case, this element sends a signal to the microprocessor when said position has been reached, which then stops the movement of the punch 8.
53 RM 8 + 9 : The punches 8 and 9 are removed and the block is evacuated from the molding space.
54 ST? : We check if we want to stop the device, if not the process resumes from step 32.
54 STP : It's the end of the program.

Afin d'améliorer le glissement de la matière dans le tiroir, la paroi interne de ce dernier est avantageusement recouverte de polyéthylène.In order to improve the sliding of the material in the drawer, the internal wall of the latter is advantageously covered with polyethylene.

Pour mieux faire descendre la terre dans le tiroir et ainsi empêcher la formation de ponts de terre, de l'air comprimé est avantageusement insufflé dans le tiroir.To better bring the soil down into the drawer and thus prevent the formation of earth bridges, compressed air is advantageously blown into the drawer.

Claims (14)

1. Procédé pour produire des blocs en terre, en particulier des blocs stabilisés à froid, comprenant les étapes suivan­tes :
- remplissage d'un espace (11) de moulage avec une matière à mouler comprenant au moins de la terre ;
- application par déplacement d'un poinçon (8) d'une première force de compression sur ladite matière ;
- entraînement par la matière à mouler des parois de l'espace de moulage dans le même sens que celui de la première force de compression en maintenant la première force de compression, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'étape de remplissage et avant l'application de ladite première force on applique à l'aide dudit poinçon une précompression sur la matière à mouler, la force de précompression étant inférieure à ladite première force.1. Method for producing earthen blocks, in particular cold stabilized blocks, comprising the following steps:
- filling a molding space (11) with a molding material comprising at least earth;
- Application by displacement of a punch (8) of a first compressive force on said material;
- entrainment by the material to be molded of the walls of the molding space in the same direction as that of the first compression force while maintaining the first compression force, characterized in that after the filling step and before application of said first force, using said punch, a precompression is applied to the material to be molded, the precompression force being less than said first force. 2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, où ledit remplissage est réalisé en vidant un tiroir rempli au préalable, caractérisé en ce que vers la fin du vidange du tiroir une impulsion d'air comprimé est injectée dans ledit tiroir.2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said filling is carried out by emptying a previously filled drawer, characterized in that towards the end of the emptying of the drawer a pulse of compressed air is injected into said drawer. 3. Dispositif pour produire des blocs en terre, en particulier des blocs stabilisés à froid, comprenant un tiroir et une unité de remplissage agencée pour remplir ledit tiroir d'une matière à mouler, ainsi que des moyens pour déplacer ledit tiroir et l'amener vers un espace de moulage et le vider dans ledit espace de moulage, ledit dispositif comprenant en outre une presse agencée pour comprimer ladite matière introduite dans l'espace de moulage et en former un bloc, ladite presse comportant une première presse (7) ayant un premier poinçon (8) ainsi que des premiers moyens permettant le déplacement des parois de l'espace de moulage dans le même sens que celui dans lequel le premier poinçon est déplacé, caractérisé en ce que la presse comprend des seconds moyens pour appliquer à l'aide dudit premier poinçon une précompression d'une force inférieure à la force de compression à la matière à mouler.3. Device for producing earthen blocks, in particular cold stabilized blocks, comprising a drawer and a filling unit arranged to fill said drawer with a material to be molded, as well as means for moving said drawer and bringing it to a molding space and emptying it into said molding space, said device further comprising a press arranged to compress said material introduced into the molding space and to form a block thereof, said press comprising a first press (7) having a first punch (8) and first means for moving the walls of the molding space in the same direction as that in which the first punch is moved, characterized in that the press comprises second means for applying to the using said first punch a precompression of a force less than the compression force to the material to be molded. 4. Dispositif suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite presse comporte une deuxième presse (10) pourvue d'un deuxième poinçon (8), ladite deuxième presse étant agencée pour déplacer le deuxième poinçon dans le même sens que le premier poinçon après que ladite précompression a été effectuée.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that said press comprises a second press (10) provided with a second punch (8), said second press being arranged to move the second punch in the same direction as the first punch after that said precompression has been performed. 5. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'un injecteur (27) d'air comprimé est logé dans le tiroir.5. Device according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that an injector (27) of compressed air is housed in the drawer. 6. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 3, 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une unité de vérification pour vérifier à l'aide d'un signal ultrason si ledit tiroir a été rempli jusqu'à un niveau prédéterminé et pour émettre un signal de contrôle en cas d'un remplissage insuffisant.6. Device according to one of claims 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises a verification unit for verifying with the aid of an ultrasonic signal whether said drawer has been filled to a predetermined level and to send a control signal in the event of insufficient filling. 7. Dispositif suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de vérification est reliée à l'unité de remplissage et est agencée pour engendrer sous contrôle dudit signal de contrôle un signal de remplissage et le transmettre à l'unité de remplissage pour activer cette dernière.7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the verification unit is connected to the filling unit and is arranged to generate under control of said control signal a filling signal and transmit it to the filling unit for activate it. 8. Dispositif suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de vérification est agencée pour mesurer le degré de remplissage dudit tiroir et pour inclure dans ledit signal de remplissage une indication indiquant combien il faut ajouter pour atteindre ledit niveau prédéterminé.8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the verification unit is arranged to measure the degree of filling of said drawer and to include in said filling signal an indication indicating how much must be added to reach said predetermined level. 9. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite indication est une indication du temps d'ouverture de l'unité de remplissage.9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said indication is an indication of the opening time of the filling unit. 10. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 3 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit tiroir est relié à une unité de vibration agencée pour soumettre ledit tiroir à une vibration.10. Device according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that said drawer is connected to a vibration unit arranged to subject said drawer to a vibration. 11. Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de vibration est constituée d'une aiguille agencée pour vibrer à une fréquence ultrason.11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the vibration unit consists of a needle arranged to vibrate at an ultrasonic frequency. 12. Dispositif suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte une autre unité de vérification agencée pour vérifier la position d'au moins un poinçon durant la précompression.12. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the device comprises another verification unit arranged to verify the position of at least one punch during precompression. 13. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 3 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'il est aménagé à l'intérieur d'un container.13. Device according to one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that it is arranged inside a container. 14. Bloc produit par application du procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le bloc est un bloc à emboîtement ayant une hauteur prédéterminée avec une tolérance inférieure à 2 %.14. Block produced by application of the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the block is a nesting block having a predetermined height with a tolerance of less than 2%.
EP90202332A 1989-09-13 1990-09-03 Process and apparatus for making earthen blocks Expired - Lifetime EP0417831B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE8900971A BE1003426A5 (en) 1989-09-13 1989-09-13 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING EARTH BLOCKS.
BE8900971 1989-09-13

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EP0417831A1 true EP0417831A1 (en) 1991-03-20
EP0417831B1 EP0417831B1 (en) 1993-10-20

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EP (1) EP0417831B1 (en)
BE (1) BE1003426A5 (en)
BR (1) BR9004551A (en)
DE (1) DE69004040T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2094743T3 (en)
PL (1) PL286879A1 (en)
PT (1) PT95290A (en)
ZA (1) ZA907259B (en)

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US5664492A (en) * 1993-06-10 1997-09-09 Bendzick; Ervin J. Apparatus for compacting metal shavings
US5391069A (en) * 1993-06-10 1995-02-21 Bendzick; Ervin J. Apparatus for compacting metal shavings
US5788996A (en) * 1993-11-12 1998-08-04 Tecfim Apparatus for manufacturing building blocks from a hydraulic binder such as plaster, an inert filler such as sand, and water
US5524534A (en) * 1995-08-15 1996-06-11 Dietel; Dale G. Dual hydraulic cylinder compacting apparatus
US6349638B1 (en) 1999-09-14 2002-02-26 Prab, Inc. Dual die chip compactor
AU2001235880A1 (en) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-20 Hydraform International Limited Block forming apparatus
AU2003211980A1 (en) * 2002-02-18 2003-09-04 Nissan Kenzai Co., Ltd Method of preventing adhesion of gypsum foreign matter of gypsum slurry, gypsum slurry supply stabilizing device with gypsum foreign matter adhesion prevention device, and method of manufacturing gypsum board by using the stabilizing device
US6910796B2 (en) * 2002-04-22 2005-06-28 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Process and equipment for producing concrete products having blended colors
IL152493A0 (en) * 2002-10-27 2003-05-29 A M Ind Technologies Ltd Portable pressing apparatus and method of using the same
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BE1003426A5 (en) 1992-03-24
ES2094743T3 (en) 1997-02-01
DE69004040T2 (en) 1994-05-19
EP0417831B1 (en) 1993-10-20
ZA907259B (en) 1991-07-31
PT95290A (en) 1992-02-28
PL286879A1 (en) 1991-05-20
US5188848A (en) 1993-02-23
DE69004040D1 (en) 1993-11-25

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