EP0417104A1 - Emulsion perfluorochimique contenue dans des vesicules stabilises - Google Patents

Emulsion perfluorochimique contenue dans des vesicules stabilises

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Publication number
EP0417104A1
EP0417104A1 EP89903649A EP89903649A EP0417104A1 EP 0417104 A1 EP0417104 A1 EP 0417104A1 EP 89903649 A EP89903649 A EP 89903649A EP 89903649 A EP89903649 A EP 89903649A EP 0417104 A1 EP0417104 A1 EP 0417104A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conjugated
yne
phospholipid
perfluorochemical
phosphatidyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP89903649A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0417104A4 (en
Inventor
Charles Michael Heldebrant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alpha Therapeutic Corp
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Alpha Therapeutic Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0417104A1 publication Critical patent/EP0417104A1/fr
Publication of EP0417104A4 publication Critical patent/EP0417104A4/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A61K9/0026—Blood substitute; Oxygen transporting formulations; Plasma extender
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • A61K31/025—Halogenated hydrocarbons carbocyclic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127—Liposomes
    • A61K9/1271—Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers
    • A61K9/1273—Polymersomes; Liposomes with polymerisable or polymerised bilayer-forming substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/08—Plasma substitutes; Perfusion solutions; Dialytics or haemodialytics; Drugs for electrolytic or acid-base disorders, e.g. hypovolemic shock

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to stable perfluoro ⁇ chemical emulsions and to the emulsification techniques and ingredients used in their preparation.
  • perfluorochemical preparations have been evaluated for use as blood substitutes and as ischemic modifiers.
  • Suchperfluorochemical preparations aretypically prepared by emulsifying the perfluorochemical compound in an aqueous medium to form a perfluorochemical emulsion.
  • Perfluorochemical emulsions are free of infectious agents and antigens, and their use obviates the need for blood typing of the recipient.
  • perfluorochemicals are chemically inert, they appear to adversely affect blood platelets and clotting factors. This adverse effect is believed to be due to the low surface tension of perfluorochemicals.
  • per ⁇ fluorochemical emulsion particles are coated with a lipid, such as lecithin.
  • Emulsions containing lipid-coated perfluorochemical particles are, for example, disclosed in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,962,439, 4,252,827, 4,423,077 and 4,497,829.
  • the prior-art perfluorochemical emulsions do not have a sufficiently high level of stability to withstand steril- ization at elevated temperatures followed by storage in the liquid state at room temperature. Thus, their storage life in an unfrozen state is shorter than desired.
  • a perfluorochemical emulsion of enhanced stability is therefore provided in accordance with this invention to overcome the problems associated with high temperature sterilization and short shelf life.
  • the emulsion comprises perfluorochemical particles contained within stabilized vesicles which are formed of a biocompatible polymer.
  • the method for producing the perfluorochemical emulsions of this invention includes the step of combining a perfluorochemical and a monomeric emulsifying material in the absence of a polymerization initiator to form a mixture.
  • the monomeric emulsifying material is a phospholipid monomer wherein each of the a ⁇ yl chains of the phospholipid comprises a fatty acid moiety selected independently from the group consisting of conjugated di-ene fatty acids, conjugated di-yne fatty acids, conjugated ene-yne fatty acids, and fatty acids containing sulphydryl groups.
  • Theperfluorochemicalmaterialandmonomericemulsifying agent are homogenized in an aqueous medium until perfluoro ⁇ chemical particles of a desired size are coated with the monomeric emulsifying material forming an emulsion.
  • the diameter of the perfluorochemical particles is less than about 0.3 micron.
  • the emulsion is exposed to an appropriate polymerization initiator which causes polymerization of the emulsifying material coating on the perfluorochemical particles. Such polymerization results in the formation of stabilized polymer vesicles which encapsulate or contain the perfluorochemical particles.
  • the phospholipid monomer is selected from the group consisting of phosphatidyl-L- cholines, phosphatidyl-L-serines, phosphatidyl-L-ethanol- a ines, and mixtures thereof.
  • the preferred perfluoro- chemical is selected from the group consisting of perfluoro- decalin, perfluorotertiary-amines, isoquinolidine per ⁇ fluorochemical derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
  • a stable aqueous perfluorochemical emulsion is provided in accordance with practice of principles of this invention.
  • the particles of the emulsion comprise one or more per- fluorochemicalcompounds containedwithinstabilizedvesicles which are formed of a biocompatible polymer.
  • the stable emulsions provided in accordance with this invention can be used as a medium for carrying oxygen to the tissues of a human; for example, they can be admin- istered as a blood substitute or as an ischemic modifier. Because the perfluorocarbon particles are contained within polymerized (stabilized) vesicles, the emulsion is more stable than emulsions which incorporate perfluorochemical particles coated with a non-polymerized e ulsifier coating.
  • the emulsions of this nvention (1) can withstand higher and longer sterilization temperatures and times; (2) possess greater stability after sterilization which permits longer storage times; and (3) have longer circulating in vivo half-lives compared to emulsions of thesameperfluorochemicalswhich incorporatenon-polymerized emulsifier coatings.
  • the method for producing the perfluorochemical emulsions of this invention includes the steps of (1) combining a. perfluorochemical and a monomeric emulsifying material in the absence of polymeriza ⁇ tion initiators to form a mixture; (2) homogenizing the mixture in an aqueous medium until perfluorochemical particles of a desired size are coated with the monomeric emulsifying material thereby forming a first emulsion; and (3) exposing the first emulsion to an appropriate polymer ⁇ ization initiator, for example, to ultraviolet radiation.
  • Exposure to the polymerization initiator causes polymeriza ⁇ tion of the emulsifying material coating on the perfluoro ⁇ chemical particles to provide polymer vesicles which encapsulate or contain the perfluorochemical particles.
  • the polymer vesicles are substantially more stable than non-polymerized lipid coatings on the perfluorochemical particles of standard prior-art emulsions.
  • the monomeric emulsifying materials useful in practice of this invention are those (1) which are effective to emulsify the particular perfluorochemical (or mixture of perfluorochemicals) beingusedresultinginperfluorochemical particles having a diameter of less than about 0.3 micron coated with the emulsifying material and (2) which, after polymerization, provide stabilized perfluorocarbon polymer vesicles which are biocompatible when administered to a human in a physiologically acceptable emulsion medium.
  • biocompatible as used herein means a lack of toxic interactions when administered to an animal or human.
  • the monomeric material be a monomeric lipid; preferably, a monomeric phospholipid.
  • the monomeric lipid is photopolymerizable, i.e., it is polymerized by means of ultraviolet radiation.
  • the phospholipids useful in practice of the present invention incorporate acyl chains which comprise a fatty acid moiety selected independently from the group consisting of con ⁇ jugated di-ene fatty acids, conjugated di-yne fatty acids, conjugated ene-yne fatty acids, and fatty acids containing sulphydryl groups.
  • both fatty acid moieties of each phospholipid incorporate the same degree of unsat- uration, i.e., they both contain conjugated di-ene bonds, or they both contain conjugated di-yne bonds, or they both contain ene-yne bonds.
  • the conjugated bonds are on the same carbons in both chains.
  • the monomeric phospholipid be selected from the group consisting of phosphatidyl-L- cholines, phosphatidyl-L-serines, phosphatidyl-L-ethanola- mines, and mixtures thereof.
  • the fatty acid moieties useful in the present invention are those which incorporate from about 10 to about 30 carbon atoms.
  • Such useful acids are, for example, 2,4-octadecadienoic acid, 10,12-tricosadiynoic acid, 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid, 12- methacryloyloxy dodecanoic acid, 1,2(lipoyl)dodecanoic acid, pentacosa-trans-10-ene,12-ynoic acid, and pentacosa- trans-12-en ,10-ynoi ⁇ acids.
  • Monomeric phospholipids useful in accordance with this invention may also be natural phospholipids which have been altered to render them polymerizable.
  • Such alteration could involve chemical modification to remove some of the natural side chains, followed by chemical modification to place a desired side chain on the molecule followed by purification.
  • the desired side chain would typically comprise a fatty acid having conjugated di-ene bonds, conjugated di-yne bonds, conjugated ene-yne bonds, or containing sulphydryl groups.
  • Non-limiting examples of monomeric phospholipids useful in practice of this invention incorporating di-ene fatty acid moieties include any of the l,2-di-(X,X+2- dienoyl)-sn-gly ⁇ ero-3-phosphoryl-cholines, such as (1) 1, 2-di- (2,4-octadecadienoyl) -sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl- choline.
  • the l,2-di-(2,4-octadecadienoyl)-sn- glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline material can be purchased from Nippon Oil and Fats Company Ltd., of Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Methods for synthesizing the phosphatidyl choline compounds Nos. (2) , (3) , and (4) are outlined in an article by S. L. Regen et al titled "Polymerized Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles. Synthesis and Characterization," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1982, Vol. 104, pp. 791-795, which is incorporated herein by this reference.
  • dieneoic acids useful in practice of the present invention are (5) l,2-di(10,12-hexadecadieneoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phos- phoryl choline.
  • Materials for synthesizing the phosphatidyl choline compound No. (5) are outlined in B. Hupfer et al, Makromol. Chem, 1981, 182, p. 247, which is incorporated herein by this reference.
  • Non-limiting examples of monomeric phospholipids useful in practice of this invention comprising di-yne fatty acid moieties include any of the l,2-di-(X,X+2- diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline acids or salts, such as (6) l,2-di-(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3- phosphoryl-choline and (7) l,2-di-(10,12-pentacosadiynoyl)- sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline.
  • Non-limiting examples of monomeric phospholipids useful in practice of this invention comprising ene-yne fatty acid moieties include (8) l,2-di-(tricosa-trans-10- ene-12-ynoyl or tricosa-trans-12-ene-10-ynoyl)-sn-glycero- 3-phosphoryl-choline or (9) l,2-di-(penta ⁇ osa-trans-10- ene-12-ynoyl orpentacosa-trans-12-ene-10-ynoyl)-sn-gly ⁇ ero- 3-phosphoryl-choline.
  • Conjugated ene-yne fatty acids are made by reduction of one mole of the conjugated di-yne fatty acids with two moles of sodium in liquid ammonia. This leads to selective reduction of one of the two triple bonds to a double bond in the trans-configuration.
  • the resulting product is then purified by vacuum distillation.
  • the resulting acids will be a mixture of two isomers, for example, reduction of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid by sodium in liquid ammonia would yield pentacosa-trans-10-ene, 12- ynoic acid and pentacosa-trans-12-ene, 10-ynoic acid.
  • perfluorochemical compounds useful in preparing the emulsions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in U.S. Patents Nos. 3,962,439, 4,252,827, 4,425,347 and 4,596,810, which are incorporated herein by this reference.
  • Preferred perfluoro ⁇ chemical compounds include per luorodecalin, perfluoro- tertiary-amines, such as perfluorotri-n-propylamine, and perfluorotri-n-butylamine, and isoquinolidine derivatives of perfluorochemicals. Perfluorodecalin is particularly preferred.
  • the emulsion particles useful in accordance with the present invention can comprise a single perfluorochemical or can comprise mixtures of perfluorochemicals.
  • Preferred perfluorochemical mixtures include (1) perfluorodecalin and perfluorotri-n-propylamine; (2) perfluorotri-n-propyl- amine and perfluorotri-n-butylamine; (3) perfluoro-N,N » - dimethyl ⁇ yclohexylmethyl-amine and perfluorodecalin; (4) perfluoro-3,3,1-trimethylbicyclo [3.3.1] nonane and per- fluoro-N,N'-dimethylcyclohexylmethylamine; and (5) perfluoro- chemical isomeric mixtures, such as cis- andtrans-perfluoro- decalin.
  • Polymerization of the monomeric emulsifying material may be initiated in a number of ways, depending on the material.
  • Examples of polymerization initiation stimulation include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, X-ray radiation, heat, and chemical initiation, for example, using azoisobutyl- nitrile (AIBN) or azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPD) .
  • AIBN azoisobutyl- nitrile
  • AAPD azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride
  • the monomeric phospholipids are photo- polymerizable, i.e., they can be initiated by UV radiation.
  • the stable emulsion of this inven ⁇ tion is formed by providing a mixture of one or more monomeric phospholipids and one or more perfluorochemical materials in water so that the %w/v of the perfluorochemical material is preferably from about 10% to about 50%, more preferably from about 25% to about 35%, and the %w/v of the monomeric phospholipid is preferably from about .05% to about 5%, more preferably from about 1.5% to about 2.5%.
  • the symbol "%w/v” as used herein means the amount of material by weight in grams based on 100 milliliters of the resulting emulsion.
  • the mixture is held at approximately room temperature, and nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through the solution for 15 minutes to saturate the solution to remove oxygen.
  • nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through the solution for 15 minutes to saturate the solution to remove oxygen.
  • the presence of oxygen in the perfluorochemical/monomeric phospholipid mixture prior to homogenization tends to lead to an undesirably high level of free fluoride. Accordingly, it is preferred that oxygen be removed from the mixture prior to homogen ⁇ ization.
  • the oxygen is typically removed by saturating the mixture, as described above, with nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas.
  • the mixture is homogenized with a high shear mixture, such as a Turbo-mixer under a blanket of inert gas to produce a crude emulsion.
  • a high shear mixture such as a Turbo-mixer under a blanket of inert gas.
  • the average particle size of the crude emulsion is measured by inelastic laser light scattering, using, for example, a Brookhaven BI-90 instrument, provided by Brookhaven Instruments Co. , of Holtsville, New York 11742.
  • the average particle size of the crude emulsion is greater than about 1-2 microns.
  • the crude emulsion is then passed through a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer, or similar high-pressure homogenizer, a sufficient number of times so that the final particle size is less than a selected value, for example, less than about 0.3 micron.
  • Emulsifi ⁇ ation is done under a nitrogen stream at pressures of 200-600 kg/cm 2 at temperatures of from about 4 ⁇ C to about 80°C, preferably from about 40°C to about 50 ⁇ C.
  • the particle size of a sample taken at the end of each pass is measured. When the average particle size reaches a plateau value, usually between 0.05 and 0.16 micron, typically after 6 or 7 homogenization steps, the emulsifi- cation is complete.
  • the perfluorochemical particles (including the coating of polymerizable monomeric phospholipid) preferably have a diameter less than about 0.3 micron, more preferably are in the range of from about 0.1 to about 0.3 micron, and most preferably are from about 0.15 to about 0.2 micron.
  • Perfluorochemical particles larger than about 0.3 micron in diameter are not desired because such particles tend to be more toxic than smaller particles and are removed relatively rapidly from the circulation by the reticuloen- dothelial system (RES) .
  • RES reticuloen- dothelial system
  • emulsion particles smaller than about 0.1 micron in diameter can be prepared, such particles are difficult to prepare using current emulsifi- cation and sterilization technology and, hence, are not preferred.
  • Particles prepared with phospholipid monomers and the example perfluorochemicals typically have a mean size of from about 0.1 to about 0.2 micron.
  • the final size, of the emulsion particles is a function of the perfluorochemical or perfluorochemicals used, the monomeric phospholipid emulsifier, and the energy imparted to the emulsion during the emulsification process.
  • emulsions made with perfluorotri-n-butylamine have smaller particle sizes than emulsions made with perfluoro- decalin, perfluorotri-n-propylamine orcombinations thereof.
  • emulsifiers such as Pluronic F-68, a non-ionic surfactant produced by BASF-Wyandotte, Inc., of Wyandotte, Michigan, can be used in addition to the above-described polymerizable (monomeric) phospholipid emulsifiers, it is preferred that the monomeric phospholipid emulsifiers be used alone.
  • Using onlypolymerizable (monomeric) emulsifiers results in a polymerized vesicle which is made up in its entirety of a polymerized material; whereas, when a non- polymerizable emulsifier is used in conjunction with the monomeric phospholipid, portions of the vesicle which encapsulate the perfluorochemical will be unpolymerized. This results in less stable emulsions.
  • the stabilized emulsions provided in accordance with this invention may be isotonic, containing an appropriate amount of sodium chloride or other electrolytes, including the components in the Ringers solution or la ⁇ tated Ringers solution.
  • the presence of glycerine in an amount of 2.5% (w/v) can be used because glycerine contributes to the stability, in addition to the isotonicity of the emulsions.
  • the stabilized perfluorochemical emulsions provided in accordance with practice of the present invention contain very finely divided perfluorocarbon particles encapsulated within stabilized polymeric vesicles. Thus, the particles do not aggregate into coarse particles during storage of the emulsions for a considerably long time.
  • the emulsions can be administered to mammals without harm of tissue due to aggregation.
  • the stabilized perfluorochemical emulsions of the present invention can, for example, (1) be administered intravenously to animals or humans who are in need of blood; (2) be administered for treating metastasis or cancerous tumors; (3) be administered to oxygenate tumors to enhance the effect of radiotherapy; and (4) be admin- istered to oxygenate tissue downstream from the catheter during angioplasty procedures.
  • 17.5 gm of perfluorodecalin and 7.5 gm of perfluorotri- n-propylamine (17.5%w/v and 7.5%w/v, respectively) are mixed together in an aqueous medium with 2.0%w/v 1,2-di- (10, 12-tricosadiynoyl) -sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline.
  • the mixture is held at approximately room temperature and nitrogen gas is bubbled through the solution for 15 minutes to saturate the solution and remove oxygen.
  • the mixture is crudely homogenized with a high shear Turbo-mixer under a blanket of inert gas (nitrogen) in the absence of UV light to provide perfluorochemical particles (perfluoro- decalin/perfluorotri-n-propylamine particles) coated with the 1,2-di-(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl- choline emulsifier.
  • the size of the emulsion particles is measured using a Brookhaven BI-90 instrument and is found to be greater than about 1 micron in diameter.
  • the crude emulsion is then passed through a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer under a nitrogen stream at a pressure of 200 to 600 kg/cm 2 at about 35°-45 ⁇ C and collected.
  • the particle size distribution of the emulsion is measured after each pass through the homogenizer, and is from about 0.1 to about 0.15 micron in diameter after 7 passes.
  • the resulting emulsion is cooled to below the fluid-gel transition temperature of the monomeric phospho ⁇ lipid.
  • the transition temperature of 1,2-di-(10,12-tricosa- diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline is about 38 ⁇ C.
  • the l,2-di-(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-gly ⁇ ero-3-phosphoryl- ⁇ holine coating is then polymerized by exposure of the emulsion to 254 nm UV light, provided by an R-52 Mineralight, which has a peak radiation emission of 254 nm and an energy output of approximately 1200 microwatts/cm 2 at 15 centimeters from the face for at least 30 minutes.
  • the change in the degree of polymerization is seen by the color change in the emulsion or by UV spectral analysis of a sample of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion is filtered through a 3-micron filter and placed in a glass vial.
  • the vial is then flushed with nitrogen and sealed.
  • the vial is autoclaved at 121 ⁇ C for 8 minutes and is cooled to room temperature.
  • the resulting sterilized emulsioncontainingperfluorochemicalparticles encapsulated invesiclesofpoly-1,2-di-(10,12-tri ⁇ osadiynoyl)-sn-glycero- 3-phosphoryl-choline is tested for particle size distribu ⁇ tion, oxygen capacity, and toxicity.
  • Oxygen is bubbled through the emulsion for 15 minutes at a flow rate of 2-3 liters per minute.
  • a 0.5 ml or 1 ml sample of the resulting oxygenated emulsion is taken, and once again is analyzed for carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen content by the method of Van Slyke.
  • the oxygen gas content after oxygenation less the oxygen gas content before oxygenation is the net oxygen capacity of the emulsion. This value is between 4 and 7 vol % oxygen at 760 mmHg pressure for a 25%w/v perfluorochemical emulsion.
  • the samples may be analyzed for oxygen content in the Lexington Lex-0 2 -Con oxygen apparatus (Lexington Instruments, Waltham, Massachusetts) .
  • a 20 microliter sample would be injected into the machine, the oxygen content before and after oxygenation determined, and the oxygen capacity calculated by difference.
  • the 25% emulsion is diluted to 20%w/v by the addition of one-fifth volume of 4% sodium chloride solution.
  • the resulting emulsion will be injected intravenously via the tail veins of Wistar rats at a rate of 1 ml/minute.
  • Groups of 5-10 animals are given doses of 144, 72, 36, or 18 ml of emulsion/kg body weight.
  • the animals are observed for acute toxic signs and symptoms, and for body weight gain and survival after seven days of observation. Animals are given food and water ad libitum.
  • the emulsion is non- toxic if the LD 5 Q, lethal dose for 50% of the animals, is greater than about 50 ml/kg.
  • Example 2 The same procedure that is used for preparing and testing the emulsion of Example 1 is used for Example 2, except that (a) l,2-di-(10,12-pentacosadiynoyl)-sn-gly ⁇ ero-
  • 3-phosphoryl-choline is used in place of 1,2-di-(10,12- tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline and (b) the resulting emulsion is cooled to below the fluid-gel transition temperature of 1,2-di-(10,12-penta ⁇ osadiynoyl)- sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline, which is about 48"C.
  • 17.5 gm of perfluorodecalin and 7.5 gm of perfluorotri- n-propylamine (17.5%w/v and 7.5%w/v, respectively) are mixed together in an aqueous medium with 2.0% w/v 1,2-di- (2,4-o ⁇ tadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-choline.
  • the mixture is held at approximately room temperature, and carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through the solution for 15 minutes to saturate the solution and to remove oxygen.
  • the mixture is crudely homogenized with a high shear Turbo- mixer under a blanket of carbon dioxide in the absence of polymerization initiators.
  • the size of the emulsion particles is measured using a Brookhaven BI-90 instrument and is found to be greater than about 1-2 microns in diameter.
  • the crude emulsion is then passed through a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer or similar high-pressure homoge ⁇ nizer and collected.
  • the particle size distribution is measured after each pass through the homogenizer and is about 0.15 micron after7passes.
  • The1,2-di-(2,4-octade ⁇ adienoyl)-sn-glycero- 3-phosphoryl-choline coating is then polymerized by adding 5 mol % (relative to the phospholipid concentration) of either Azoisobutylnitrile (AIBN) or azobis-(2-amidino- propane) dihydrochloride (AAPD) and heating the emulsion to 60 ⁇ C for about 30 minutes.
  • AIBN Azoisobutylnitrile
  • AAPD azobis-(2-amidino- propane) dihydrochloride
  • the emulsion is filtered through a 3-micron filter and placed in a glass vial.
  • the vial is then flushed with nitrogen and sealed.
  • the vial is autoclaved at 121 ⁇ C for 8 minutes and is cooled to room temperature.
  • the sterilized, poly ⁇ merized emulsion is tested for particle size distribution and oxygen capacity.
  • the emulsion is also tested by means well known in the art for residual AIBN or AAPD, as appro- priate. If the levels are higher than desired, the AIBN or AAPD is removed by washing, or the like.
  • Such washing can be accomplished by suspending 100 ml of the resulting emulsion in 100 ml of 4% sodium chloride solution and mixed. The mixed solution is then centrifuged at 3,000 x g for approximately 30 minutes. The supernatant is discarded, and a volume of fresh 4% sodium chloride equal to the volume of the supernatant (approximately 200 ml) is added. The precipitated emulsion particles are resuspended in the 4% sodium chloride, and the suspension is once again separated by centrifugation. The washed emulsion particles are suspended in ⁇ 00 ml of water for injection.
  • the emulsion is then administered to tumor-bearing rats at a dose of from about 8-12 ml/kg intravenously via the tail vein. The rats are then allowed to breathe oxygen for 30 minutes, prior to and during radiation treatment. The tumor growth delay or surviving tumor cell fraction is used to determine the radiation sensitization effect.
  • solution 1 comprising 3.5%w/v sodium bicar ⁇ bonate USP, 0.56%w/v potassium chloride USP, in water for injection USP
  • solution 2 comprising 4.29%w/v sodium chloride USP, 1.29%w/v dextrose USP, anhydrous, 0.305%w/v magnesium chloride - 6H 2 0 USP, 0.254%w/v calcium chloride - 2H 0 USP, in water for injection USP, are added to 400 ml of the emulsions prepared in Examples 1, 2, or 3.
  • the solutions are added sequentially and separately, and the emulsion is mixed after each addition.
  • the compo ⁇ sition of the mixed emulsion ready for administration are 14.0 g/100 ml perfluorodecalin, 6.0 g/100 ml perfluorotri- n-propylamine, .60 g/100 ml sodium chloride USP, 1.6 g/100 ml polymerized phospholipids, .21 g/100 ml sodiumbicarbonate USP, .18 g/100 ml dextrose USP, anhydrous, .043 g/100 ml magnesium chloride - 6H 2 0 USP, .036 g/100 ml calcium chloride
  • annex solution C comprising 3.5%w/v sodium bicarbonate USP, 0.56%w/v potassium chloride USP, in water for injection USP, and 70 ml of annex solution H, comprising
  • - 6H 2 0 USP, .254%w/v calcium chloride - 2H 0 USP, in water for injection USP are added to 400 ml of the emulsions prepared in Examples 1, 2, or 3.
  • the solutions are added sequentially and separately, and the emulsion is mixed after each addition.
  • the resulting emulsion is oxygenated by bubbling 1-2 liters per minute of oxygen through the mixed emulsion for 15-30 minutes.
  • the resulting oxygenated emulsion is administered to a 150 gram conscious male Wistar rat.
  • a double lumen catheter is placed in the right atrium of the rat heart under anesthesia. The rat is allowed to recover to full consciousness.
  • the catheter is connected to a Harvard Infusion Pump (Harvard Apparatus, South Natick, Massachusetts) such that one side of the catheter infuses the oxygenated emulsion into the right atrium while the other catheter is withdrawing blood from the right atrium.
  • the dose of emulsion is 24 ml.
  • the animal is placed in a 100% oxygen atmosphere, and the exchange transfusion is carried out at a flow rate of 1 ml/minute until 24 ml of the emulsion is infused, and 24 ml of the blood-emulsion is removed from the rat.
  • the resulting hematocrit of the rat after the transfusion is completed is 2-4%.

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  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)

Abstract

On a mis au point une émulsion perfluorochimique stable comprenant des particules perfluorochimiques contenues dans des vésicules stabilisés. Lesdits vésicules comprennent un polymène biocompatible formé par enrobage des particules perfluorochimiques avec un ou plusieurs monomères phospholipidiques, puis par polymérisation des monomères.
EP19890903649 1988-03-11 1989-03-10 Perfluorochemical emulsion with stabilized vesicles Withdrawn EP0417104A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16669088A 1988-03-11 1988-03-11
US166690 1998-10-05

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EP0417104A1 true EP0417104A1 (fr) 1991-03-20
EP0417104A4 EP0417104A4 (en) 1991-10-30

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EP19890903649 Withdrawn EP0417104A4 (en) 1988-03-11 1989-03-10 Perfluorochemical emulsion with stabilized vesicles

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EP (1) EP0417104A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02258050A (fr)
ES (1) ES2010445A6 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989008459A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5219538A (en) * 1987-03-13 1993-06-15 Micro-Pak, Inc. Gas and oxygen carrying lipid vesicles
US5196199A (en) * 1990-12-14 1993-03-23 Fuisz Technologies Ltd. Hydrophilic form of perfluoro compounds and method of manufacture
US5641509A (en) * 1992-06-26 1997-06-24 Lancaster Group Ag Preparation for topical use
DE4221256C2 (de) * 1992-06-26 1997-07-10 Lancaster Group Ag Galenische Zusammensetzung für die topische Anwendung
DE4221255C2 (de) * 1992-06-26 1994-09-15 Lancaster Group Ag Phospholipide enthaltendes Kosmetikum
DE4221268C2 (de) * 1992-06-26 1997-06-12 Lancaster Group Ag Verwendung eines Dermatikums zur Unterstützung des Sauerstofftransportes in der Haut
DE4221269C1 (de) * 1992-06-26 1993-12-09 Lancaster Group Ag Zubereitung zur topischen Anwendung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4423077A (en) * 1982-07-27 1983-12-27 The University Of Pennsylvania Perfluorochemical emulsion artificial blood
WO1985004326A1 (fr) * 1984-03-23 1985-10-10 Biocompatibles Ltd. Liposomes polymeres servant de porteurs de gaz stables
EP0274431A2 (fr) * 1987-01-08 1988-07-13 Quixote Corporation Compositions pour la libération d'un médicament et leurs procédés de fabrication

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5331209B2 (fr) * 1973-10-05 1978-09-01
JPS55100312A (en) * 1979-01-25 1980-07-31 Toshiro Wada Contrast medium for blood vessel
US4252827A (en) * 1979-05-23 1981-02-24 The Green Cross Corporation Oxygen-transferable fluorocarbon emulsion
US4569784A (en) * 1980-11-17 1986-02-11 Adamantech, Inc. Preparation of a gel having gas transporting capability
US4443480A (en) * 1982-04-12 1984-04-17 Children's Hospital Medical Center Artificial blood and other gas transport agents
US4497829A (en) * 1982-07-27 1985-02-05 The University Of Pennsylvania Process for preparing perfluorochemical emulsion artificial blood
US4814446A (en) * 1985-09-17 1989-03-21 Biomed-Technology, Inc. Fluorinated triethylenediamine as an oxygen transport agent

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4423077A (en) * 1982-07-27 1983-12-27 The University Of Pennsylvania Perfluorochemical emulsion artificial blood
WO1985004326A1 (fr) * 1984-03-23 1985-10-10 Biocompatibles Ltd. Liposomes polymeres servant de porteurs de gaz stables
EP0274431A2 (fr) * 1987-01-08 1988-07-13 Quixote Corporation Compositions pour la libération d'un médicament et leurs procédés de fabrication

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO8908459A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0417104A4 (en) 1991-10-30
JPH02258050A (ja) 1990-10-18
ES2010445A6 (es) 1989-11-01
WO1989008459A1 (fr) 1989-09-21

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