EP0414868A1 - Process for the manufacture of flame-resistant elastic soft polyurethane foam. - Google Patents
Process for the manufacture of flame-resistant elastic soft polyurethane foam.Info
- Publication number
- EP0414868A1 EP0414868A1 EP90904248A EP90904248A EP0414868A1 EP 0414868 A1 EP0414868 A1 EP 0414868A1 EP 90904248 A EP90904248 A EP 90904248A EP 90904248 A EP90904248 A EP 90904248A EP 0414868 A1 EP0414868 A1 EP 0414868A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polyol
- foam
- flame
- graphite
- casein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 accelerators Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000497 foam cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012757 flame retardant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003456 pulmonary alveoli Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- WCMHCPWEQCWRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;hydroxide;phosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WCMHCPWEQCWRSR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013518 molded foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a flame-retardant, elastic flexible polyurethane foam.
- the foam reaction is considerably hindered, i.e. the reaction mixture does not foam evenly.
- the expanded graphite particles are too small, the flame retardancy and blowing properties decrease significantly depending on the particle size distribution. This means that inadequate flame protection is obtained. In addition, the performance properties of the foam are reduced.
- the foam structure This is particularly sensitive because the particles are not in the form of irregularly shaped platelets, but in spherical form and therefore do not fit perfectly into the foam structure. Rather, they disrupt the cell structure and thus lead to a reduction in the properties of use. On the other hand, the blowing properties of such pellets and thus the fire behavior of the foam are significantly impaired.
- the present invention is based on the object of creating a flame-retardant, elastic foam which, on the one hand, exhibits fire behavior which also meets the strictest requirements and fire tests, such as e.g. fully fulfills the kerosene burner test according to the test standard FAR 25853 c and which, on the other hand, has optimal long-term use properties with values hardly reduced compared to conventionally flammable foams.
- a method for producing a flame-retardant elastic flexible polyurethane foam from a foam reaction mixture with a polyol and polyisocyanate and a portion of expanded graphite in platelet form as a flame-retardant agent in which the platelets have the order of magnitude of the foam cell walls formed and first of all the polyol is added to the reaction component and the foam is embedded in the foam so that it forms at least part of the cell wall.
- the graphite platelets will be embedded directly in the cell wall, that is to say the cell walls are practically formed by the graphite platelets themselves and surrounded by cell webs made of pure foam material, so that the slightest disruption of the cell structure of the Foam occurs.
- the expandable graphite flakes are initially mixed in only part of the polyol, while the remaining polyol component contains the other additives in the form of activators, accelerators, crosslinking agents and other flame retardants.
- the polyol component is brought to an elevated temperature before the expanded graphite is mixed in, in order to degas it better and largely to prevent air from being stirred into the polyol component.
- the associated reduction in viscosity also improves wetting and the mixture is more easily degassed.
- the expanded graphite used consists practically of graphite, between the network planes of which, for example, H 2 SO 4 or SO 4 with two free negative valences, which are attached to two free positive valences Add carbon ring is stored.
- this graphite expands to its 100 to 200-fold volume with the elimination of, for example, SO 3 and / or SO 2 and water. This largely prevents burning, for example further burning of the foam. This creates a loose, swollen mass that has an insulating effect.
- the size of the individual graphite flakes is expediently between 0.3 and 1.0 mm, which corresponds to a number of foam cells of approximately 10 to 30 / cm.
- Expandable graphite of this type does provide good fire protection, but often has only weak cohesion after the polyurethane matrix has burned off, since there is no caking of the expanded graphite particles. Rather, there is a risk that the expanded particles are essentially blown off by flame pressure and the thermal of the ignition source, so that the protective layer on the not yet burned foam part is eliminated, so that the fire may initially spread further.
- casein should be 5 to 30% by weight, based on the weight of polyol used.
- the casein itself can be used up to three times the amount of expanded graphite used.
- the proportion of expandable graphite itself should be 5 to 40 parts by weight, based on the polyol weight used.
- the density of a foam filled in this way can then be approximately 20 to 80 kg / m 3 .
- the polyol containing the expanded graphite is additionally mixed with smoke reducers in order to significantly reduce smoke or smoke development in the event of a fire, which is very important for identifying possible escape routes in closed rooms.
- the heavy metal compounds known per se in particular cyanides and complexes ferrocyanides, metal oxides such as nickel (II) oxide, iron (II) oxide, molybdenum (VI) oxide, vanadium (V) oxide and e.g. Copper hydroxide phosphate, zinc borate, ammonium octamolybdate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and ferrocene, with ferrocene being the most effective.
- metal oxides such as nickel (II) oxide, iron (II) oxide, molybdenum (VI) oxide, vanadium (V) oxide and e.g. Copper hydroxide phosphate, zinc borate, ammonium octamolybdate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and ferrocene, with ferrocene being the most effective.
- 850 g of a polyol (a) are mixed with 150 g of a polyol (c) mixed with a propeller stirrer and 300 g expanded graphite of defined platelet size are added with continued stirring until the most uniform possible suspension of the graphite in the polyol is obtained.
- the design of the stirrer and the stirring speed are to be chosen so that the lowest possible shear effect is exerted on the graphite, so that the original platelet size is largely retained.
- the polyols are preferably heated to a temperature of 40 to 70 ° C., which brings about a significant reduction in the viscosity of the polyol and thus an improvement in the wetting of the graphite. Then the remaining ingredients water, stabilizers, accelerators, activators, flame retardants and possibly flue gas reducers and crosslinkers are added and stirred in according to the recipe.
- the mixture obtained is mixed in a weight ratio of 145:35 with a mixture of an isocyanate (m) and an isocyanate (s) in a weight ratio of 70:30 with stirring and added to a mold after about 5 to 10 seconds for reaction.
- the foam can be removed from the mold after approx. 5 to 10 minutes, the use of heat being advantageous.
- the above example produced foam, the good compression set and the low drop in height and hardness after the fatigue test, which means that the performance properties are hardly changed compared to a conventional, non-flame retardant foam.
- the expandable graphite is initially only mixed with a portion of the largely anhydrous polyol, which contains less than 0.1% water, and only for a short time before the reaction with the isocyanate, the remaining amount of the polyol and the mixture consisting of water, activators, accelerators, crosslinking agents, other flame retardants and the flue gas reducer are brought together and mixed.
- the procedure is of course also analogous to the processing of the components on the known high and low pressure machines for the production of block and molded foams.
- the test Crib 4 and Crib 7 corresponds to the British Standard 5852 part. 2, in which a wooden crib stacked on the material to be examined burns down and the fire behavior of the material underneath is assessed. In accordance with the specified specifications, this test can then be classified as “passed” or “failed”.
- the Crib 7 test meets a higher requirement because the ignition source has a larger mass as specified.
- the UIC test is a Union test procedure International Chemin de Fère, according to which 100g of paper are burned together as pillows and burned on the material to be examined.
- the tests FAR 25853 b and c are the Bunsen burner and the kerosene burner test, in which the material is flamed from a short distance with a very hot and intense flame over a specified period of time.
- foams of formulations 1 and 6 to 11 with the expanded graphite grain size distribution according to the invention passed all tests with outstanding results and achieved the highest classification in each case.
- the smoke density was tested in accordance with ISO Draft Technical Report 5924. It follows that when the specified smoke reducer is used, the smoke density is approximately half that of a flame-retardant foam without smoke reducer, i.e. Approximately only 50% of the view was restricted, with clear contours remaining visible even at greater distances.
- the foam is essentially made up of the relatively solid cell webs 1, which form the actual framework of the foam and are essential for the properties of use, and the very thin cell walls 2 made of foam that form between the cell webs 1.
- the expandable graphite platelets 3 have now been embedded between the cell webs 1 so that they practically form the original foam cell wall. This storage alone as a cell wall thus only slightly changes the usability of the foam, but on the other hand there is a high one Fire protection because a very large area of the foam cells is now occupied by these graphite plates.
- an embedded graphite part 4 can be recognized practically in dust form at a cell web node, as can of course also occur. Because of its small size, this graphite dust 4 could be embedded in a cell web or a cell web node, but this interrupted the cell web structure and thus essential values for the physical properties of the foam could be changed, so that graphite particles as small as possible should be avoided.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé pour la fabrication d'une mousse polyuréthane élastique et ignifuge qui présente des caractéristiques de combustion répondant aux exigences et aux essais de tenue au feu les plus sévères et dont les propriétés demeurent pratiquement inchangées sur une longue période d'utilisation. Ce procédé met en oeuvre comme retardateur de flamme un mélange de réaction alvéolaire avec un polyol et un polyisocyanate plus une fraction de graphite expansé sous forme de plaquette, les dimensions de ladite plaquette étant du même ordre de grandeur que les dimensions des parois alvéolaires en formation. Le graphite est mélangé avec les constituants de réaction au polyol et incorporé dans le produit alvéolaire moussant de telle manière que les plaquettes constituent au moins une partie des parois alvéolaires.The invention relates to a process for the production of an elastic and flame-retardant polyurethane foam which has combustion characteristics which meet the most stringent fire resistance requirements and tests and whose properties remain practically unchanged over a long period of use. . This process uses a flame retardant mixture of a cellular reaction with a polyol and a polyisocyanate plus a fraction of expanded graphite in the form of a wafer, the dimensions of said wafer being of the same order of magnitude as the dimensions of the alveolar walls in formation. . The graphite is mixed with the polyol reaction components and incorporated into the foaming foam product such that the platelets form at least part of the foam walls.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3909017A DE3909017C1 (en) | 1989-03-18 | 1989-03-18 | |
DE3909017 | 1989-03-18 | ||
PCT/DE1990/000203 WO1990011318A1 (en) | 1989-03-18 | 1990-03-17 | Process for the manufacture of flame-resistant elastic soft polyurethane foam |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0414868A1 true EP0414868A1 (en) | 1991-03-06 |
EP0414868B1 EP0414868B1 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
Family
ID=6376719
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90904248A Expired - Lifetime EP0414868B1 (en) | 1989-03-18 | 1990-03-17 | Process for the manufacture of flame-resistant elastic soft polyurethane foam |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5169876A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0414868B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2732435B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE107943T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU628958B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9005959A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3909017C1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0414868T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2056453T3 (en) |
IE (1) | IE65369B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2040530C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990011318A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA90710B (en) |
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US6036726A (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 2000-03-14 | Solutia Inc. | Process for separating polyamide from colorant |
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RU2447098C1 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2012-04-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Институт прикладной нанотехнологии" | Polyurethane system for making elastic articles with improved sanitary properties |
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- 1989-03-18 DE DE3909017A patent/DE3909017C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-01-31 ZA ZA90710A patent/ZA90710B/en unknown
- 1990-03-16 IE IE98790A patent/IE65369B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-17 DE DE59006294T patent/DE59006294D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-17 JP JP2504523A patent/JP2732435B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-17 EP EP90904248A patent/EP0414868B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-17 ES ES90904248T patent/ES2056453T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-17 WO PCT/DE1990/000203 patent/WO1990011318A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-03-17 AT AT90904248T patent/ATE107943T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-17 BR BR909005959A patent/BR9005959A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-17 DK DK90904248.3T patent/DK0414868T3/en active
- 1990-03-17 AU AU52692/90A patent/AU628958B2/en not_active Expired
- 1990-11-16 RU SU904831628A patent/RU2040530C1/en active
- 1990-11-19 US US07/615,488 patent/US5169876A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1702948A2 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-20 | Aviointeriors S.P.A. | Structure stuffed with melamine and polyurethane foam |
DE102009020544A1 (en) | 2009-05-08 | 2010-11-11 | Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf | Preparing a copolymer, useful to produce e.g. plastics, comprises providing a cyclodextrin compound, providing a metallocene compound with double bonds and providing a styrene compound, adding an initiator and polymerizing components |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2040530C1 (en) | 1995-07-25 |
US5169876A (en) | 1992-12-08 |
JPH03504738A (en) | 1991-10-17 |
BR9005959A (en) | 1991-08-06 |
IE65369B1 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
JP2732435B2 (en) | 1998-03-30 |
DK0414868T3 (en) | 1994-10-31 |
DE3909017C1 (en) | 1990-04-12 |
DE59006294D1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
ZA90710B (en) | 1991-01-30 |
AU5269290A (en) | 1990-10-22 |
IE900987L (en) | 1990-09-18 |
WO1990011318A1 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
EP0414868B1 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
ATE107943T1 (en) | 1994-07-15 |
ES2056453T3 (en) | 1994-10-01 |
AU628958B2 (en) | 1992-09-24 |
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