EP0411203A2 - Spray gun - Google Patents

Spray gun Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0411203A2
EP0411203A2 EP89116939A EP89116939A EP0411203A2 EP 0411203 A2 EP0411203 A2 EP 0411203A2 EP 89116939 A EP89116939 A EP 89116939A EP 89116939 A EP89116939 A EP 89116939A EP 0411203 A2 EP0411203 A2 EP 0411203A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
needle
spray gun
section
outflow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89116939A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0411203A3 (en
EP0411203B1 (en
Inventor
Jozsef Frikker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Flakt Inc
Original Assignee
DeVilbiss GmbH
ABB Flakt Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by DeVilbiss GmbH, ABB Flakt Inc filed Critical DeVilbiss GmbH
Publication of EP0411203A2 publication Critical patent/EP0411203A2/en
Publication of EP0411203A3 publication Critical patent/EP0411203A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0411203B1 publication Critical patent/EP0411203B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3033—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head
    • B05B1/3073—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the control being effected by relative coaxial longitudinal movement of the controlling element and the spray head the controlling element being a deflector acting as a valve in co-operation with the outlet orifice
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/12—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B7/1254—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the controlling means being fluid actuated
    • B05B7/1263—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the controlling means being fluid actuated pneumatically actuated
    • B05B7/1272—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the controlling means being fluid actuated pneumatically actuated actuated by gas involved in spraying, i.e. exiting the nozzle, e.g. as a spraying or jet shaping gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spray gun with air atomization, with a housing with a nozzle and an axially displaceable needle which has a closing cone interacting with the nozzle and having an adjustable outflow cross section between the nozzle and the closing cone.
  • the conventional air atomizing spray guns which are equipped with a nozzle and a needle, atomize the liquid to be processed using compressed air.
  • Spray guns of this type are mainly used in paint spraying technology. Due to the different physical properties of the liquids, many types of nozzle and needle combinations with different bore diameters of the nozzles must be used in order to be able to atomize the large number of liquids optimally.
  • the needle has an adjustable stroke, with which the outflow cross section between the nozzle and the needle can be adjusted to a desired size.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a spray gun of the type mentioned in such a way that blockages within the nozzle due to drying liquid residues in particular are avoided.
  • the opening direction of the needle expediently lies in the outflow direction of the liquid flow. This promotes the outflow of the liquid from the spray gun.
  • the needle is advantageously mounted centrally in the nozzle, in particular near the outflow cross section, as a result of which a uniform centric and annular outflow cross section for the liquid is achieved.
  • At least one axial channel for the flow of the liquid is formed in the bearing for the needle.
  • the outflow cross-section which in particular has an annular cone shape that widens in the outflow direction, is preferably continuously adjustable outwards in the direction of the liquid flow. This allows a sensitive adjustment to different liquids to be processed can be reached.
  • the needle is expediently displaced axially by means of a piston which can be acted upon by compressed air, the stroke of the piston and thus the setting of the outflow cross section between the nozzle and the closing cone being advantageously adjustable by means of an axially adjustable stop ring, by means of which the piston travel is limited.
  • the spray gun 12 consists of a gun body 4, onto which a cylinder 3 is screwed, which has a connection 14 for the supply of compressed air.
  • a nozzle 2 is permanently installed in the gun body 4.
  • the nozzle 2 and the gun body 4 have a central bore in which a needle 1 cooperating with the nozzle 2 is arranged to be axially displaceable.
  • a piston 6 is axially displaceably installed, which can be acted upon by compressed air from port 14.
  • a sealing ring 16 is installed between the piston 6 and the cylinder 3.
  • the piston 6 has a radial collar which can abut against a stop ring 5, as a result of which the axial path of the piston 6 in the direction of the outflow opening of the spray gun is limited.
  • the stop ring 5 sits in an annular groove of the cylinder 3.
  • the inner end face of the piston 6 is, as shown, on a flange 18 and between the flange 18 and a disc 32 which is screwed onto the gun body 4, disc springs 10 are installed.
  • the flange 18 has a central threaded connector on which one Bush 20 is screwed on, which in turn has a neck or collar 22 which sits on the needle 1 or through which the needle 1 extends.
  • the end face of the collar 22 abuts a shoulder 24 of the needle 1.
  • the flange 18 has a central axial bore through which the needle 1 extends, on the left, threaded end 28 of which a nut 30 is screwed.
  • the flange 18 and the sleeve 20 are thus clamped between the shoulder 24 of the needle 1 and the nut 30 in the axial direction.
  • a sealing ring 34 and a sealing membrane 36 are installed between the disk 32 and the gun body 4.
  • the needle 1 is mounted centrally in the nozzle 2, which for this purpose has a bearing section 26 which forms a slide bearing for the needle 1.
  • the bearing section 26 directly adjoins the outer free end 38 of the nozzle 2, so that the needle 1 is mounted near the outflow opening of the liquid from the spray gun, thereby achieving a relatively precise central mounting of the needle 1 in the nozzle 2.
  • At least one axial channel 8 is formed in the bearing section 26 for the flow of the liquid to the outlet opening.
  • the needle 1 is equipped at its right end in the drawing with a closing cone 40 which interacts with the end 38 of the nozzle 2.
  • the closing cone 40 of the needle 1 is now arranged outside the outer end 38 of the nozzle 2, and together with the end 38 of the nozzle 2 it forms an annular cone-shaped outflow cross section 7.
  • the end 38 of the nozzle 2 has an end surface which widens conically in the outflow direction and which is opposite the conical surface of the closing cone 40, so that when these are open, between these two conical surfaces Spray gun of the annular conical outflow gap 7 is formed.
  • outlet openings 42 open for the atomizing air, through which the liquid emerging from the outflow cross section or outflow gap 7 is atomized.
  • a head piece 46 is screwed onto the gun body 4, and suitable channels and outlet openings 44 for so-called horn air are formed in this head piece 46, through which the atomized liquid stream can be brought into a desired shape, for example through the nozzles 44 emerging air can be brought into an elliptical shape.
  • suitable channels for the supply and passage of the atomizing air and the horn air are formed in the gun body 4 and in the head piece 46.
  • annular channel 52 is formed, into which the liquid to be atomized can be introduced via an inlet connection 50.
  • the spray gun according to the invention works as follows.
  • the cylinder 3 can be screwed more or less far onto the gun body 4, whereby the stroke of the piston 6 can be adjusted via the stop ring 5. Compressed air is applied to the latter via the connection 14, as a result of which it moves axially to the right in the figure until it strikes the stop ring 5.
  • the needle 1 is taken along with this movement and moved axially to the right in the figure, whereby the spray gun is opened, that is, the closing cone 40 which, when the spray gun is closed, on the conical exit surface of the End 38 of the nozzle 2 is seated, detaches from this surface and thereby gives the annular cone Outflow cross section 7 free.
  • the stroke of the piston 6 and thus the stroke of the needle 1 relative to the nozzle 2 and thus the size of the outflow cross section 7 can now be set.
  • the plate springs 10 are compressed accordingly.
  • the liquid flows from the inlet connection 50 through the annular space 52 between the needle 1 and the gun body 4 or nozzle 2 then through the axial channel 8 in the bearing section 26 and then through an annular channel 9 between the nozzle 2 and the end piece of the needle 1.
  • This end piece of the needle 1 has a somewhat smaller diameter than the central section, which is guided centrally in the bearing section 26.
  • a stop ring 54 which sits in a groove of the collar 22, and which can abut against the disk 32, defines the end position of the bushing 20 and the sealing membrane 36 to the left in the drawing, ie in the closing direction, when the needle 1 is removed.
  • the closing cone 40 is arranged outside the outer free end 38 of the nozzle 2, ie opposite this end and cooperating therewith. It opens and closes the nozzle 2.
  • no liquid for example a paint
  • the paint to be processed remains liquid anyway within the outlet gap 7.
  • the spray gun is not opened in the inward direction as before, but in the outward direction, which inevitably releases the set discharge cross-section 7 for the liquid.
  • the direction of movement of the needle 1 is identical to the direction of the liquid flow, thereby causing the liquid to flow out is positively influenced when the gun is opened.
  • the central guidance of the needle 1 in the nozzle 2 with the aid of the bearing section 26 results in a uniform, central discharge of the liquid from the nozzle, which has an advantageous effect on atomization.
  • the adjustment or the setting of the outflow cross-section 7 between the nozzle 2 and the nose 1 takes place, as stated above, by correspondingly rotating the cylinder 3 relative to the gun body 4, whereby the former is more or less screwed onto the latter and thus the stroke of the Piston 6 is set.
  • the adjustable ring cone shape of the liquid flow between the nozzle 2 and the needle 1 enables a very good adaptation of the liquid flow to the atomizing air, which has the advantage that with relatively low air pressure and relatively low air volume, optimal atomization is possible with only minimal spray mist.
  • the invention allows more economical atomization of air for many types of liquids with high surface tensions, such as, in particular, water-based paints.

Abstract

The invention relates to a spray gun with air atomisation, the liquid emerging from the spray gun through an adjustable discharge cross-section between a nozzle and a needle. The needle has a closing cone which interacts with a conical end face on the outer free end of the nozzle, forming an annular cone-shaped discharge cross-section. The closing cone is arranged outside the outer free end of the nozzle in order to prevent the liquid, for example a paint, drying when the nozzle is closed.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Spritzpistole mit Luft­zerstäubung, mit einem Gehäuse mit einer Düse und einer axial verschiebbaren Nadel, die einen mit der Düse zusammenwirkenden Schließkegel aufweist mit einstellbaren Ausflußquerschnitt zwischen Düse und Schließkegel.The invention relates to a spray gun with air atomization, with a housing with a nozzle and an axially displaceable needle which has a closing cone interacting with the nozzle and having an adjustable outflow cross section between the nozzle and the closing cone.

Die herkömmlichen luftzerstäubenden Spritzpistolen, die mit einer Düse und einer Nadel ausgerüstet sind, zerstäuben die zu verarbeitende Flüssigkeit mittels Druckluft. Spritzpistolen dieser Art werden überwie­gend in der Farbspritztechnik eingesetzt. Wegen der unterschiedlichen physikalischen Eigenschaf­ten der Flüssigkeiten müssen viele Arten von Düsen- und Nadelkombinationen mit unterschiedlichen Bohrungsdurch­messern der Düsen eingesetzt werden, um die Vielzahl von Flüssigkeiten optimal zerstäuben zu können. Es gibt nun bereits Spritzpistolen, bei denen der Aus­flußquerschnitt zwischen Düse und Nadel an die jeweilige Flüssigkeit angepaßt werden kann. Die Nadel hat zu diesem Zweck einen einstellbaren Hub, womit der Ausflußquerschnitt zwischen Düse und Nadel auf eine gewünschte Größe einge­stellt werden kann.The conventional air atomizing spray guns, which are equipped with a nozzle and a needle, atomize the liquid to be processed using compressed air. Spray guns of this type are mainly used in paint spraying technology. Due to the different physical properties of the liquids, many types of nozzle and needle combinations with different bore diameters of the nozzles must be used in order to be able to atomize the large number of liquids optimally. There are already spray guns in which the outflow cross-section between the nozzle and the needle can be adapted to the respective liquid. For this purpose, the needle has an adjustable stroke, with which the outflow cross section between the nozzle and the needle can be adjusted to a desired size.

Die herkömmlichen Spritzpistolen haben jedoch den Nachteil, daß die Nadel innerhalb der Düse ihren Schließkegel hat und beim Schließen der Spritzpistole noch Flüssigkeits­reste in der Düse außerhalb des Schließkegels verbleiben und auch eintrocknen können. Dies kann zu einer Verstopfung der Düse führen, weshalb diese vor erneuter Inbetriebnahme gereinigt werden muß. (US-PS 3746 253)However, the conventional spray guns have the disadvantage that the needle has its closing cone inside the nozzle and when the spray gun is closed, liquid residues in the nozzle remain outside the closing cone and can also dry out. This can lead to a blockage of the nozzle, which is why it must be cleaned before restarting. (US-PS 3746 253)

Ein weiterer Nachteil bekannter Spritzpistolen liegt darin, daß die Nadel häufig nicht in der Mitte der Düse sitzt, weshalb die Flüssigkeit nicht gleichmäßig zentrisch aus der Düse ausströmt, sondern in eine nicht gewünschte seitliche Richtung.Another disadvantage of known spray guns is that the needle is often not seated in the center of the nozzle, which is why the liquid does not flow out of the nozzle evenly, but in an undesired lateral direction.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Spritz­pistole der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzubilden, daß insbesondere Verstopfungen innerhalb der Düse durch ein­trocknende Flüssigkeitsreste vermieden werden.The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a spray gun of the type mentioned in such a way that blockages within the nozzle due to drying liquid residues in particular are avoided.

Nach der Erfindung wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß der Schließkegel der Nadel gegenüber dem äußeren freien Ende der Düse angeordnet ist, die an diesem äußeren freien Ende durch den Schließkegel der Nadel geöffnet und geschlos­sen wird.According to the invention this is achieved in that the closing cone of the needle is arranged opposite the outer free end of the nozzle, which is opened and closed at this outer free end by the closing cone of the needle.

Zweckmäßigerweise liegt die Öffnungsrichtung der Nadel in der Ausflußrichtung des Flüssigkeitsstromes. Hierdurch wird das Ausströmen der Flüssigkeit aus der Spritz­pistole begünstigt.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die Nadel in der Düse insbesondere nahe dem Ausflußquerschnitt zentrisch gelagert, wodurch ein gleichmäßiger zentrischer und ringförmiger Ausflußquerschnitt für die Flüssigkeit erreicht wird.
In dem Lager für die Nadel ist wenigstens ein axialer Kanal für den Durchfluß der Flüssigkeit ausgebildet.
Vorzugsweise ist der Ausflußquerschnitt, der insbesondere eine sich in Ausflußrichtung erweiternde Ringkegelform hat, nach außen in Richtung des Flüssigkeitsstromes stufenlos verstellbar.
Hierdurch kann eine feinfühlige Anpassung an unterschiedliche zu verarbeitende Flüssigkeiten erreicht werden. Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Nadel mittels eines durch Druck­luft beaufschlagbaren Kolbens axial verschoben, wobei vor­teilhafterweise der Hub des Kolbens und damit die Einstel­lung des Ausflußquerschnittes zwischen Düse und Schließ­kegel mittels eines axial verstellbaren Anschlagringes, durch den der Kolbenweg begrenzt wird, einstellbar ist.The opening direction of the needle expediently lies in the outflow direction of the liquid flow. This promotes the outflow of the liquid from the spray gun.
The needle is advantageously mounted centrally in the nozzle, in particular near the outflow cross section, as a result of which a uniform centric and annular outflow cross section for the liquid is achieved.
At least one axial channel for the flow of the liquid is formed in the bearing for the needle.
The outflow cross-section, which in particular has an annular cone shape that widens in the outflow direction, is preferably continuously adjustable outwards in the direction of the liquid flow.
This allows a sensitive adjustment to different liquids to be processed can be reached. The needle is expediently displaced axially by means of a piston which can be acted upon by compressed air, the stroke of the piston and thus the setting of the outflow cross section between the nozzle and the closing cone being advantageously adjustable by means of an axially adjustable stop ring, by means of which the piston travel is limited.

Eine beispielsweise Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird nach­folgend anhand der einzigen Figur der Zeichnung erläutert, die schematisch im Schnitt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ei­ner Spritzpistole nach der Erfindung zeigt.An example embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to the single figure of the drawing, which shows schematically in section a preferred embodiment of a spray gun according to the invention.

Die Spritzpistole 12 nach der Zeichnung besteht aus einem Pistolenkörper 4, auf den ein Zylinder 3 aufgeschraubt ist, der einen Anschluß 14 für die Zufuhr von Druckluft aufweist. In den Pistolenkörper 4 ist eine Düse 2 fest eingebaut. Die Düse 2 und der Pistolenkörper 4 haben eine zentrale Bohrung, in der eine mit der Düse 2 zusammenwirkende Nadel 1 axial ver­schiebbar angeordnet ist.
Im Zylinder 3 ist ein Kolben 6 axial verschiebbar eingebaut, der durch Druckluft von Anschluß 14 her beaufschlagbar ist. Zwischen dem Kolben 6 und dem Zylinder 3 ist ein Dichtungs­ring 16 eingebaut.
Der Kolben 6 hat einen radialen Bund, der an einem Anschlag­ring 5 anschlagen kann, wodurch der axiale Weg des Kolben 6 in Richtung zur Ausflußöffnung der Spritzpistole hin begrenzt wird. Der Anschlagring 5 sitzt in einer Ringnut des Zylinders 3. Die innere Stirnfläche des Kolbens 6 liegt, wie dargestellt, an einem Flansch 18 an und zwischen dem Flansch 18 und einer Scheibe 32, die an den Pistolenkörper 4 angeschraubt ist, sind Tellerfedern 10 eingebaut.
Der Flansch 18 hat einen zentralen Gewindestutzen, auf den eine Büchse 20 aufgeschraubt ist, die ihrerseits einen Hals oder Bund 22 hat, der auf der Nadel 1 sitzt bzw. durch den sich die Nadel 1 hindurch erstreckt. Die Stirnfläche des Bundes 22 liegt an einer Schulter 24 der Nadel 1 an. Der Flansch 18 hat eine zentrale axiale Bohrung, durch die hindurch sich die Nadel 1 erstreckt, auf deren linken, mit Gewinde versehenen Ende 28 eine Mutter 30 aufgeschraubt ist. Der Flansch 18 und die Büchse 20 sind somit zwischen der Schulter 24 der Nadel 1 und der Mutter 30 in Axialrichtung eingespannt.
Zwischen der Scheibe 32 und dem Pistolenkörper 4 ist ein Dichtungsring 34 und eine Dichtungsmembran 36 eingebaut. Die Nadel 1 ist in der Düse 2 zentrisch gelagert, die zu diesem Zweck einen Lagerabschnitt 26 aufweist, der ein Gleit­lager für die Nadel 1 bildet. Der Lagerabschnitt 26 schließt sich unmittelbar an das äußere freie Ende 38 der Düse 2 an, so daß die Nadel 1 nahe der Ausflußöffnung der Flüssigkeit aus der Spritzpistole gelagert ist, wodurch man eine relativ genaue zentrische Lagerung der Nadel 1 in der Düse 2 erreicht. Im Lagerabschnitt 26 ist wenigstens ein axialer Kanal 8 aus­gebildet für den Durchfluß der Flüssigkeit zur Austrittsöff­nung.
Die Nadel 1 ist an ihrem in der Zeichnung rechten Ende mit einem Schließkegel 40 ausgerüstet, der mit dem Ende 38 der Düse 2 zusammenwirkt.
Erfindungsgemäß ist nun der Schließkegel 40 der Nadel 1 außer­halb des äußeren Endes 38 der Düse 2 angeordnet, und er bildet zusammen mit dem Ende 38 der Düse 2 einen ringkegelförmigen Ausflußquerschnitt 7.
Das Ende 38 der Düse 2 hat zu diesem Zweck eine sich kegel­förmig in Ausflußrichtung erweiternde Endfläche, der die Ke­gelfläche des Schließkegels 40 gegenüberliegt, so daß zwi­schen diesen beiden kegelförmigen Flächen bei geöffneter Spritzpistole der ringkegelförmige Ausflußspalt 7 gebildet wird.
Radial außerhalb des Ausflußspaltes 7 münden Austrittsöff­nungen 42 für die Zerstäuberluft, durch welche die aus dem Ausflußquerschnitt oder Ausflußspalt 7 austretende Flüssig­keit zerstäubt wird.
Mittels einer Überwurfmutter 48 ist auf dem Pistolenkörper 4 ein Kopfstück 46 aufgeschraubt und in diesem Kopfstück 46 sind geeignete Kanäle und Austrittsöffnungen 44 für sogenann­te Hornluft ausgebildet, durch welche der zerstäubte Flüssig­keitsstrom in eine gewünschte Form gebracht werden kann, bei­spielsweise kann er durch die aus den Düsen 44 austretende Luft in eine elliptische Form gebracht werden.
Im Pistolenkörper 4 und im Kopfstück 46 sind geeignete Kanäle für die Zufuhr und Durchleitung der Zerstäuberluft und der Hornluft ausgebildet.
Zwischen dem Pistolenkörper 4 und der Düse 2 einerseits so­wie der Nadel 1 andererseits ist ein Ringkanal 52 ausgebildet, in den über einen Zulaufanschluß 50 die zu zerstäubende Flüs­sigkeit eingeführt werden kann.
Die erfindungsgemäße Spritzpistole arbeitet folgendermaßen. Der Zylinder 3 kann mehr oder weniger weit auf den Pistolen­körper 4 aufgeschraubt werden, wodurch über den Anschlagring 5 der Hub des Kolbens 6 eingestellt werden kann. Der Letztere wird mit Druckluft über den Anschluß 14 beaufschlagt, wodurch er sich axial nach rechts in der Figur bewegt, bis er an dem Anschlagring 5 anschlägt. Über den Flansch 18, die Büchse 20 und die Schulter 24 wird die Nadel 1 bei dieser Bewegung mit­genommen und axial nach rechts in der Figur verschoben, wo­durch die Spritzpistole geöffnet wird, d.h., der Schließkegel 40, der bei geschlossener Spritzpistole auf der kegelförmigen Austrittsfläche des Endes 38 der Düse 2 aufsitzt, löst sich von dieser Fläche und gibt dadurch den ringkegelförmigen Ausflußquerschnitt 7 frei. Je nach Einstellung des Anschlag­ringes 5 kann nun der Hub des Kolbens 6 und damit der Hub der Nadel 1 relativ zur Düse 2 und damit die Größe des Aus­flußquerschnittes 7 eingestellt werden.
Bei dieser Hubbewegung werden die Tellerfedern 10 entsprechend zusammengedrückt.
Die Flüssigkeit strömt vom Zulaufanschluß 50 durch den Ring­raum 52 zwischen Nadel 1 und Pistolenkörper 4 bzw. Düse 2 dann durch den axialen Kanal 8 im Lagerabschnitt 26 und danach durch einen Ringkanal 9 zwischen der Düse 2 und dem Endstück der Nadel 1. Dieses Endstück der Nadel 1 hat einen etwas kleineren Durchmesser als der Mittelabschnitt, der im Lager­abschnitt 26 zentrisch geführt ist.
Wird die Druckluft abgeschaltet und damit der Kolben 6 ent­lastet, so wird durch die Tellerfedern 10 der Flansch 18 und mit ihm der Kolben 6 nach links in der Figur verschoben, wo­bei der Flansch 18 die Mutter 30 und damit die Nadel 1 bei dieser Bewegung nach links mitnimmt, wodurch der Ausflußspalt 7 geschlossen wird, sobald der Schließkegel 40 an der kegel­förmigen äußeren Fläche des Endes 38 der Düse 2 zur Anlage gelangt.
Ein Anschlagring 54, der in einer Nut des Bundes 22 sitzt, und der an der Scheibe 32 anschlagen kann, legt die Endpo­sition der Buchse 20 und der Dichtungsmembran 36 nach links in der Zeichnung, d.h. in Schließrichtung fest, wenn die Nadel 1 ausgebaut ist.
Es wurde bereits ausgeführt, daß der Schließkegel 40 außer­halb des äußeren freien Endes 38 der Düse 2, d.h. diesem Ende gegenüberliegend und mit diesem zusammenwirkend ange­ordnet ist. Er öffnet und schließt dort die Düse 2. Bei geschlossenem Ausflußspalt 7 kann somit außerhalb der Düse keine Flüssigkeit, z.B. eine Farbe, eintrocknen, wie dies bei den herkömmlichen Spritzpistolen der Fall ist. Inner­halb des Austrittsspaltes 7 bleibt hingegen die zu verar­beitende Farbe ohnehin flüssig.
Wie erläutert wird die Spritzpistole nicht in Einwärtsrich­tung wie bisher, sondern in Auswärtsrichtung geöffnet, wo­mit der eingestellte Ausflußquerschnitt 7 für die Flüssig­keit zwangsläufig freigegeben wird.Die Bewegungsrichtung der Nadel 1 ist beim Öffnen der Spritzpistole identisch mit der Richtung des Flüssigkeitsstromes, wodurch das Ausströmen der Flüssigkeit beim Öffnen der Pistole positiv beeinflußt wird.
Durch die zentrische Führung der Nadel 1 in der Düse 2 mit Hilfe des Lagerabschnittes 26 wird ein gleichmäßiger zentri­scher Austritt der Flüssigkeit aus der Düse erreicht, was sich beim Zerstäuben vorteilhaft auswirkt.
Die Verstellung bzw. die Einstellung des Ausflußquerschnit­tes 7 zwischen der Düse 2 und der Nase 1 erfolgt, wie oben ausgeführt, durch entsprechendes Drehen des Zylinders 3 relativ zum Pistolenkörper 4, wodurch der Erstere mehr oder weniger weit auf den Letzteren aufgeschraubt und damit der Hub des Kolbens 6 eingestellt wird.
Die einstellbare Ringkegelform des Flüssigkeitsstromes zwischen der Düse 2 und der Nadel 1 ermöglicht eine sehr gu­te Anpassung des Flüssigkeitsstromes an die Zerstäuberluft, was den Vorteil bietet, daß mit relativ geringem Luftdruck und relativ geringem Luftvolumen eine optimale Zerstäubung mit nur minimalem Spritznebel ermöglicht wird.
Die Erfindung erlaubt eine wirtschaftlichere Luftzerstäubung für viele Arten von Flüssigkeiten mit hohen Oberflächenspan­nungen, wie z.B. insbesondere Wasserlacken.The spray gun 12 according to the drawing consists of a gun body 4, onto which a cylinder 3 is screwed, which has a connection 14 for the supply of compressed air. A nozzle 2 is permanently installed in the gun body 4. The nozzle 2 and the gun body 4 have a central bore in which a needle 1 cooperating with the nozzle 2 is arranged to be axially displaceable.
In the cylinder 3, a piston 6 is axially displaceably installed, which can be acted upon by compressed air from port 14. A sealing ring 16 is installed between the piston 6 and the cylinder 3.
The piston 6 has a radial collar which can abut against a stop ring 5, as a result of which the axial path of the piston 6 in the direction of the outflow opening of the spray gun is limited. The stop ring 5 sits in an annular groove of the cylinder 3. The inner end face of the piston 6 is, as shown, on a flange 18 and between the flange 18 and a disc 32 which is screwed onto the gun body 4, disc springs 10 are installed.
The flange 18 has a central threaded connector on which one Bush 20 is screwed on, which in turn has a neck or collar 22 which sits on the needle 1 or through which the needle 1 extends. The end face of the collar 22 abuts a shoulder 24 of the needle 1. The flange 18 has a central axial bore through which the needle 1 extends, on the left, threaded end 28 of which a nut 30 is screwed. The flange 18 and the sleeve 20 are thus clamped between the shoulder 24 of the needle 1 and the nut 30 in the axial direction.
A sealing ring 34 and a sealing membrane 36 are installed between the disk 32 and the gun body 4. The needle 1 is mounted centrally in the nozzle 2, which for this purpose has a bearing section 26 which forms a slide bearing for the needle 1. The bearing section 26 directly adjoins the outer free end 38 of the nozzle 2, so that the needle 1 is mounted near the outflow opening of the liquid from the spray gun, thereby achieving a relatively precise central mounting of the needle 1 in the nozzle 2. At least one axial channel 8 is formed in the bearing section 26 for the flow of the liquid to the outlet opening.
The needle 1 is equipped at its right end in the drawing with a closing cone 40 which interacts with the end 38 of the nozzle 2.
According to the invention, the closing cone 40 of the needle 1 is now arranged outside the outer end 38 of the nozzle 2, and together with the end 38 of the nozzle 2 it forms an annular cone-shaped outflow cross section 7.
For this purpose, the end 38 of the nozzle 2 has an end surface which widens conically in the outflow direction and which is opposite the conical surface of the closing cone 40, so that when these are open, between these two conical surfaces Spray gun of the annular conical outflow gap 7 is formed.
Radially outside the outflow gap 7, outlet openings 42 open for the atomizing air, through which the liquid emerging from the outflow cross section or outflow gap 7 is atomized.
By means of a union nut 48, a head piece 46 is screwed onto the gun body 4, and suitable channels and outlet openings 44 for so-called horn air are formed in this head piece 46, through which the atomized liquid stream can be brought into a desired shape, for example through the nozzles 44 emerging air can be brought into an elliptical shape.
Suitable channels for the supply and passage of the atomizing air and the horn air are formed in the gun body 4 and in the head piece 46.
Between the gun body 4 and the nozzle 2 on the one hand and the needle 1 on the other hand, an annular channel 52 is formed, into which the liquid to be atomized can be introduced via an inlet connection 50.
The spray gun according to the invention works as follows. The cylinder 3 can be screwed more or less far onto the gun body 4, whereby the stroke of the piston 6 can be adjusted via the stop ring 5. Compressed air is applied to the latter via the connection 14, as a result of which it moves axially to the right in the figure until it strikes the stop ring 5. About the flange 18, the sleeve 20 and the shoulder 24, the needle 1 is taken along with this movement and moved axially to the right in the figure, whereby the spray gun is opened, that is, the closing cone 40 which, when the spray gun is closed, on the conical exit surface of the End 38 of the nozzle 2 is seated, detaches from this surface and thereby gives the annular cone Outflow cross section 7 free. Depending on the setting of the stop ring 5, the stroke of the piston 6 and thus the stroke of the needle 1 relative to the nozzle 2 and thus the size of the outflow cross section 7 can now be set.
During this stroke movement, the plate springs 10 are compressed accordingly.
The liquid flows from the inlet connection 50 through the annular space 52 between the needle 1 and the gun body 4 or nozzle 2 then through the axial channel 8 in the bearing section 26 and then through an annular channel 9 between the nozzle 2 and the end piece of the needle 1. This end piece of the needle 1 has a somewhat smaller diameter than the central section, which is guided centrally in the bearing section 26.
If the compressed air is switched off and thus the piston 6 is relieved, the flange 18 and with it the piston 6 are shifted to the left in the figure by the plate springs 10, the flange 18 the nut 30 and thus the needle 1 during this movement to the left takes along, whereby the outflow gap 7 is closed as soon as the closing cone 40 comes to rest on the conical outer surface of the end 38 of the nozzle 2.
A stop ring 54, which sits in a groove of the collar 22, and which can abut against the disk 32, defines the end position of the bushing 20 and the sealing membrane 36 to the left in the drawing, ie in the closing direction, when the needle 1 is removed.
It has already been stated that the closing cone 40 is arranged outside the outer free end 38 of the nozzle 2, ie opposite this end and cooperating therewith. It opens and closes the nozzle 2. When the outflow gap 7 is closed, no liquid, for example a paint, can dry out outside the nozzle, as is the case with this is the case with conventional spray guns. In contrast, the paint to be processed remains liquid anyway within the outlet gap 7.
As explained, the spray gun is not opened in the inward direction as before, but in the outward direction, which inevitably releases the set discharge cross-section 7 for the liquid. When the spray gun is opened, the direction of movement of the needle 1 is identical to the direction of the liquid flow, thereby causing the liquid to flow out is positively influenced when the gun is opened.
The central guidance of the needle 1 in the nozzle 2 with the aid of the bearing section 26 results in a uniform, central discharge of the liquid from the nozzle, which has an advantageous effect on atomization.
The adjustment or the setting of the outflow cross-section 7 between the nozzle 2 and the nose 1 takes place, as stated above, by correspondingly rotating the cylinder 3 relative to the gun body 4, whereby the former is more or less screwed onto the latter and thus the stroke of the Piston 6 is set.
The adjustable ring cone shape of the liquid flow between the nozzle 2 and the needle 1 enables a very good adaptation of the liquid flow to the atomizing air, which has the advantage that with relatively low air pressure and relatively low air volume, optimal atomization is possible with only minimal spray mist.
The invention allows more economical atomization of air for many types of liquids with high surface tensions, such as, in particular, water-based paints.

Claims (8)

1. Spritzpistole mit Luftzerstäubung, mit einem Gehäu­se mit einer Düse und einer axial verschiebbaren Nadel, die einen mit der Düse zusammenwirkenden Schließkegel aufweist mit einstellbarem Ausfluß­querschnitt zwischen Düse und Schließkegel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schließkegel (40) der Na­del (1) gegenüber dem äußeren freien Ende (38) der Düse (2) angeordnet ist, die an diesem äußeren freien Ende (38) durch den Schließkegel (40) der Nadel (1) geöffnet und geschlossen wird.1. Spray gun with air atomization, with a housing with a nozzle and an axially displaceable needle which has a closing cone interacting with the nozzle with an adjustable outflow cross-section between the nozzle and the closing cone, characterized in that the closing cone (40) of the needle (1) is opposite the outer free end (38) of the nozzle (2) is arranged, which is opened and closed at this outer free end (38) by the closing cone (40) of the needle (1). 2. Spritzpistole nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Öffnungsrichtung der Nadel (1) in der Ausflußrichtung des Flüssigkeitsstromes liegt.2. Spray gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening direction of the needle (1) is in the outflow direction of the liquid flow. 3. Spritzpistole nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Nadel (1) in der Düse (2) zentrisch gelagert ist.3. Spray gun according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the needle (1) in the nozzle (2) is mounted centrally. 4. Spritzpistole nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Düse (2) mit einem Lagerabschnitt (26) für die Nadel (1) versehen ist, in welchem wenigstens ein axialer Kanal (8) für den Durchfluß der Flüssig­keit ausgebildet ist.4. Spray gun according to claim 3, characterized in that the nozzle (2) is provided with a bearing section (26) for the needle (1), in which at least one axial channel (8) is formed for the flow of the liquid. 5. Spritzpistole nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausflußquerschnitt (7) zwischen dem Ende (38) der Düse (2) und dem Schließ­kegel (40) stufenlos nach außen in Richtung des Flüssigkeitsstromes verstellbar ist.5. Spray gun according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outflow cross-section (7) between the end (38) of the nozzle (2) and the closing cone (40) continuously outwards in the direction of Liquid flow is adjustable. 6. Spritzpistole nach Anspruch 5 , dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der Ausflußquerschnitt (7) eine sich in Ausflußrichtung erweiternde Ringkegelform hat.6. Spray gun according to claim 5, characterized in that the outflow cross-section (7) has a ring cone shape widening in the outflow direction. 7. Spritzpistole nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü­che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nadel (1) mit­tels eines durch Druckluft beaufschlagbaren Kolbens (6) axial verschiebbar und einstellbar ist.7. Spray gun according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the needle (1) is axially displaceable and adjustable by means of a piston (6) which can be acted upon by compressed air. 8. Spritzpistole nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß der Hub des Kolbens (6) und damit die Ein­stellung des Ausflußquerschnittes (7) zwischen Dü­se und Schließkegel mittels eines axial verstell­baren Anschlagringes (5) einstellbar ist.8. Spray gun according to claim 7, characterized in that the stroke of the piston (6) and thus the setting of the outflow cross-section (7) between the nozzle and the closing cone is adjustable by means of an axially adjustable stop ring (5).
EP89116939A 1989-08-04 1989-09-13 Spray gun Expired - Lifetime EP0411203B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3925931 1989-08-04
DE3925931A DE3925931A1 (en) 1989-08-04 1989-08-04 SPRAY GUN

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0411203A2 true EP0411203A2 (en) 1991-02-06
EP0411203A3 EP0411203A3 (en) 1991-10-23
EP0411203B1 EP0411203B1 (en) 1993-08-11

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89116939A Expired - Lifetime EP0411203B1 (en) 1989-08-04 1989-09-13 Spray gun

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0411203B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH03114559A (en)
AU (1) AU6004890A (en)
BR (1) BR9003801A (en)
CA (1) CA2021970A1 (en)
DE (2) DE3925931A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002361118A (en) * 2001-06-12 2002-12-17 Rita System Kk Flow rate regulation valve for supplying coating
JP4851158B2 (en) * 2005-02-23 2012-01-11 旭サナック株式会社 Air spray device for painting
DE102009020077A1 (en) * 2009-05-06 2010-11-11 Dürr Systems GmbH Coating agent device and coating device
DE102013003897B4 (en) * 2013-03-06 2017-08-03 Audi Ag Nozzle carrier for the attachment of a Lackierdüse to a Lackzerstäubereinrichtung and Lackzerstäubereinrichtung with such a nozzle carrier
CA2916107C (en) 2014-01-27 2016-11-08 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Ministeof Natural Resources Process for drying and powderizing functional foods, nutraceuticals, and natural health ingredients
JP6531939B2 (en) * 2015-04-09 2019-06-19 アネスト岩田株式会社 Automatic spray gun

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3059859A (en) * 1958-10-30 1962-10-23 Arleigh G Hupp Spraying apparatus
BE649073A (en) * 1963-07-17 1964-10-01
US3396911A (en) * 1964-01-27 1968-08-13 Edward O. Norris Spray gun activation mechanism

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3059859A (en) * 1958-10-30 1962-10-23 Arleigh G Hupp Spraying apparatus
BE649073A (en) * 1963-07-17 1964-10-01
US3396911A (en) * 1964-01-27 1968-08-13 Edward O. Norris Spray gun activation mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2021970A1 (en) 1991-02-05
JPH03114559A (en) 1991-05-15
BR9003801A (en) 1991-09-03
EP0411203A3 (en) 1991-10-23
DE58905285D1 (en) 1993-09-16
AU6004890A (en) 1991-02-07
DE3925931A1 (en) 1991-02-07
EP0411203B1 (en) 1993-08-11

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