EP0411113A1

EP0411113A1 - Staircase.

Info

Publication number: EP0411113A1
Application number: EP90904286A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Schmidt
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1989-02-27
Filing date: 1990-02-26
Publication date: 1991-02-06
Anticipated expiration: 2010-02-26
Also published as: WO1990010129A1; DK0411113T3; AU635006B2; DE59000155D1; CA2027589A1; ATE77118T1; AU5179190A; ES2034859T3; EP0411113B1; US5123210A; DE3916590C2; DE3916590A1

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP90/00321 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 26, 1990 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 26, 1990 PCT Filed Feb. 26, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO90/10129 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 7, 1990.The invention concerns a flight of stairs with a multiple of steps-where each step is firmly connected at least at one lateral end with the subsequent step by two vertical members, and where the bottom and top steps (22, 12) are resting on an intermediate floor (26, 24), a landing beam or a similar member, and where at least one lateral end of each step (12 to 22) is arranged within a square support-consisting of two horizontal and two vertical members (40, 42; 44, 46) which, together, form a stair stringer-in such a manner that each step is supported by its assigned horizontal member beneath it, and that each horizontal member (40, 42) is extended beyond a vertical member (44, 46), so that the extension (32) of the upper horizontal member (40) forms the lower horizontal member of the next step (12) above, while the extension (48) of the lower horizontal member (42) forms the upper horizontal member of the next step (16) beneath it, and where-at least on one side-a vertical member can be replaced by a spacer (206, 208, 306) or by the actual step (124, 128, 130) which, in this instance, must-at least on that side-be of the same thickness as a step height.

Description

Stairs Die_Er_f.inding.apply to a staircase with a variety of

Steps in which each step is firmly connected to the subsequent step by means of two vertical supports at at least one lateral end and in which the bottom and top steps (22, 12) rest on a ceiling (26, 24), a beam or the like.

A variety of designs of stairs are known. A staircase can be made in one piece from concrete, the steps and steps are then clad

Risers arranged from a desired material. Furthermore, it is known to connect floor ceilings by means of prefabricated beams which, when arranged side by side, provide a staircase. Furthermore, it is known, for example, to anchor steps of a spiral staircase at one end in a wall and to arrange the other ends of the steps one above the other so that these ends support one another. These known stairs are relatively complex to manufacture and special requests and deviations from standards can only be carried out with relatively great effort.

DE-OS 19 63 909 describes a spiral staircase with a projecting approach and a plurality of steps, in which each step is firmly connected at least at one side end to the subsequent step via two parallel vertical supports, with forces that have to be transmitted in the horizontal direction , are transmitted directly in the step that acts as a horizontal beam itself. DE-Gb 1943606 shows a cuboid pressure body which is located between two stages, the pressure body and stages being held together by a vertical anchor. Here, too, the forces to be transmitted in the horizontal direction are transmitted directly in the step itself. ___ The invention is based on the task of creating a staircase which can be produced using simple means and in which an adaptation to special circumstances is easily possible.

This object is achieved in that at least on one side end of each step a square of two horizontal and the two vertical beams, which together form a stair stringer, is arranged in that each step is supported on the associated lower horizontal beam that each horizontal beam is extended beyond a vertical beam and that the extension of the upper horizontal beam forms the lower horizontal beam of the adjacent step above and the extension of the lower horizontal beam forms the upper horizontal beam of the adjacent step below, at least one vertical beam on at least one side by a spacer or can be replaced by the stair step itself, which in this case has the thickness of a step height on at least this side.

With the elements according to the invention, it is possible to assemble a staircase on site from individual elements, which can then be arranged in the space provided between two floor ceilings. Adjustments to the circumstances, i.e. Bends, misalignments or the like can be formed by a suitable choice of the lengths of the horizontal beams.

Preferably, at both ends steps carrier _{quadrilaterals} arranged. The steps then have no connection to a wall in a house. According to a further preferred embodiment, a

Anchored in a wall at the end of at least some of the steps. This creates a partially self-supporting staircase. It is possible to anchor one end of each step in a wall while the opposite end is free, or depending on the local conditions, only some of the steps can be anchored in the wall, while the other steps are connected at both ends via square beams .

According to a preferred embodiment, the front vertical girders of each carrier rectangle are formed by vertical railing struts. A combination of railings and brackets for the steps is thus achieved, so that the effort required for the arrangement of the steps and the fastening of the railings is reduced. If, for example, the steps are offset from each other by half the step width in the horizontal direction, all vertical supports can be formed by vertical railing struts, the railing struts then being formed by the

Steps run through in order to form a front vertical beam in one step and a rear step in the next step (FIG. 2) or the next step (FIG. 1) below.

In a development of the invention, at least one of the vertical railing struts can be designed as a tension rod and can be attached to a ceiling, a beam or the like. This is particularly advantageous in the case of very long stairs, so that a suspension of the stairs can be formed between the end supports with the aid of such a tension rod. The steps can be offset horizontally to each other by step depth or less. If the steps are offset from each other by a little more than a step width in the horizontal direction, the front vertical support of one step is aligned with the rear vertical support of the adjacent step located below. With this arrangement, too, the components can be simplified.

The elements of each support rectangle are preferably made of metal, plastic, wood, concrete or composite materials, and they can be rod-shaped, tubular or rectangular in cross-section, round, oval, flat or the like.

According to preferred embodiments, steps and / or risers can be arranged on the steps.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. It shows

1 shows a first embodiment of a staircase in a perspective view, FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment of a staircase in a perspective view, FIG. 3 shows a staircase with stair strings on both sides of the steps in a perspective view,

Fig. 4 is a partially spiral staircase in perspective

Illustration, Fig. 5-7 different embodiments of square beams, wherein at least one vertical beam is curved in Fig. 6 and the screw connections are hidden in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 shows a horizontal beam curved or an angled horizontal beam for adaptation to the Course of the wall, e.g. in the case of spiral staircases, ig. 9 shows the bend of the horizontal beam about a horizontal axis by approximately 90 °, the same beam forming a vertical beam below or above it (or correspondingly the bend of the vertical beam which then forms the horizontal beam below or above after the respective bend). 10 shows the replacement of a vertical support by a spacer, as is also shown in FIG. 6, and

Fig. 11 shows the formation of an I-beam, the web forming the square and the flanges the horizontal beams.

Figure 1 shows a staircase 10 consisting of steps 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22. The step 12 is the top step, which is supported on a floor 24, while the step 22 forms the bottom step, which is on a floor 26 sits on. Each step 12 to 22 is anchored at one end to a wall 28, while a support rectangle is arranged at the opposite free end of each step. The support square of stage 12 consists of an upper horizontal support 30, a lower horizontal support 32,

! a rear vertical support 34 _so_wi_e a front

Vertical supports 36. The horizontal supports 30 and 32 are screwed to the vertical supports 34 and 36 or rigidly connected to one another via another type of fastening. The ₅ upper horizontal beam 30 extends over "the rear vertical support 34 out into an extension 38. This extension 38 rests on the floor slab 24th of the lower horizontal beam 32 extends on the front vertical support 36 out into an extension 40. This ₀ extension 40 forms the upper one at the same time

Level 14 horizontal beam that joins level 12. The extension 40 forms, with a lower horizontal support 42, a rear vertical support 44 and a front vertical support 46, a support rectangle for the ₅ step 14. The lower horizontal support 42 in turn extends over the front vertical support 46 into an extension 48 which is the upper horizontal support Carrier rectangles for level 16 forms. It can be seen that the beam 32 together with the extension 40 both part _{Q of} the beam square for the stage 12 and part of the

Beam rectangles for level 14 is. This interplay of the lower horizontal support and the upper horizontal support for an adjacent lower level continues to level 22. At the lower level 22 there is a 5 support rectangle consisting of an upper horizontal support 50, a lower horizontal support 52, a rear vertical support 54 and a front Vertical support 56 arranged, the step 22 is supported by the lower horizontal support 52 and thus the entire staircase on the floor 26 0. The upper horizontal beam 50 forms one

Extension of the lower horizontal beam 58 of the step 20 arranged above it.

35 l As can be seen from Figure 1, are vertical

Railing struts 62 guided by horizontal beams of the girders of stages 20 and 16. This results in a secure attachment, and at the same time the stability

5 of the quadrilaterals of levels 20 and 16 improved.

FIG. 2 shows a staircase 70 composed of a plurality of steps 72, an uppermost step 74 and a lowermost step 76. On each step 72 and 74 and 76 there is a square support on one side, consisting of horizontal beams and

Vertical beams, arranged while the other ends of the steps are anchored in a wall. While the steps 12 to 22 in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 are offset from one another by approximately a depth of step, so that the front ₁₅ vertical support of one step is aligned with the rear vertical support of a step below, the steps in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 are approximately half a step depth apart offset, so that the front vertical support lies approximately above the rear vertical support of a step which forms the next but one step to the first. Furthermore, in deviation from the embodiment according to FIG. 1, vertical railing struts 78 form the front vertical supports of each support rectangle. The vertical struts 78 together with a handrail 80 form a banister. A vertical strut 25 82 of the railing is attached to the floor 84 to which the top step 74 is attached. The vertical strut 82 thus simultaneously serves as Zugεtab for the stairs 70, _"so that the stairs next to the suspension over the step 74 while being supported on the stage 76 has a 30 suspension, thus, for example, vibration of the relatively long running staircase is prevented in the commission .

35 Figure 3 shows a staircase 90 mit_ .reppenst _. ufen 92, _ are provided at both ends with quadrangles 94, 96, so that continuous stair strings are formed on both sides of the stairs. The steps are offset from one another by a little more than the step width in the horizontal direction, so that the front vertical support 98 of one step is aligned with the rear vertical support 100 of a step arranged underneath.

FIG. 4 shows a staircase £ 00, the lower area of which is twisted in relation to the upper area. The lower step 102, which is supported on a floor 104, rests on supports 106, 108 and consists of a plurality of step elements. A step 110 is arranged above it, the front surface 112 of which extends at an acute angle to the front surface 114 of the lower step 102, a horizontal support 116 and a horizontal support 118 are arranged between the steps 110 and 102. The horizontal support 116 is connected via a vertical support 120 to a long horizontal support 122, which at the same time forms the lower horizontal support on one side of a step 124 arranged above it. The upper horizontal beam 126 of step 124 forms an extension of the lower horizontal beam of a step 128, which in turn is aligned with subsequent steps 130, 132. The connection of the horizontal beams 126 and 122 as well as with the upper horizontal beam 134 of the step 128 takes place via vertical beams 136 and 138, respectively. The other ends of the steps 110, 126, 128, 130 and 134 are connected to one another via beam rectangles, as in the case of the embodiments according to Figures 1 to 3 are formed. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the ends of steps 110, 124 and 128 on the right in the drawing are aligned one above the other and have no offset, while steps 128, 130 and 132 are regularly offset from one another. Figures 5 to 7 show individual representations of

Girder rectangles. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, horizontal supports 190 and 192 of a support quadrilateral 194, for example in the form of square tubes, are connected via vertical supports 196 and 198 in the form of rods.

FIG. 6 shows a carrier rectangle 200, consisting of horizontal carriers 202, 204 with a rectangular cross section, which are connected to one another via forged vertical carriers 206 and 208. The vertical supports 206 and 208 can also be considered as spacers in the form shown.

In the support rectangle 210 shown in FIG. 7, both the horizontal supports 212 and 214 and the vertical supports 216 and 218 are formed from rods or square tubes which are rectangular or square in cross section. The screw connections of the vertical beams are covered in the form shown.

While in the embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4 the steps are formed from compact beams without risers and steps, both embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are arranged on steps 220 and 222 (FIG. 2). Risers could also be provided on the steps from a desired material and a desired decor.

FIG. 8 shows the curvature or angling of horizontal beams around a vertical axis to adapt to the shape of a wall, for example in the case of spiral stairs. FIG. 9 shows the bend of the horizontal beam by approx. 90 °, the horizontal beam forming the previous and subsequent vertical beam after the bend, or vice versa, the bend of the vertical beam, which then forms the below or above horizontal beams. J ^ he crossing points can be screwed or welded. This is a very elegant and also very stable staircase shape.

The spacer shown in FIG. 10 only requires a vertical support, which of course can also be pulled through as a railing rod.

The form of an I-beam shown in Figure 11 is particularly suitable for temporarily required stairs, e.g. Construction stairs, as they can be easily dismantled and reassembled. Grid gratings that are very non-slip are particularly suitable as stairs when used on construction sites.

Of course, the lower flange can be extended by a further stair width to the front to form the horizontal support directly underneath, or another I-τrägerstück, which is identical to the one shown in FIG. 11, can be placed underneath, with the screw holes 307 below Are screwed to the screw holes 308 of the overlying piece (likewise the front screw holes 309 of the upper support part with the screw holes 310 of the underlying support part.

Claims

- 1 / -patent claims

1. Staircase with a plurality of steps, in which each step is firmly connected at least at one side end to the subsequent step via two vertical supports and in which the bottom and top steps (22, 12) on a ceiling (26, 24) , a beam or the like, characterized in that on at least one side end of each step (12 to 22) there is a support rectangle made up of two horizontal supports and the two vertical supports (40, 42; 44, 46), which together form a stair stringer, it is arranged that each stage is supported on the associated lower horizontal support, that each horizontal support (40, 42) is extended beyond a vertical support (44, 46) and that the extension -ιz-

_1. . 132) __ of the upper horizontal beam (40) the lower --- -

Horizontal girder of the adjacent step (12) above and the extension (48) of the lower horizontal girder (42) forms the upper horizontal girder of the 5 adjacent step (16) below, at least one vertical girder also being provided on at least one side by a spacer (206, 208, 306) or by the stair step (124, 128, 130) itself, which in this case is at least on this side

10 has the thickness of a step height.

2. Staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that carrier rectangles are arranged on the two lateral step ends.

15

3. Staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the steps are anchored at one end in a wall.

20 4. Staircase according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the vertical supports are arranged parallel to one another.

5. Staircase according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the front vertical beams one

25 girder rectangles are formed by vertical railing struts (78), which then form the rear vertical girder of the step below.

6. Staircase according to claim 5, characterized in that 30 as at least one of the vertical railing struts

Tension rod (82) is formed and is attached to a ceiling (84), a beam or the like.

35 - / 3-

7. Staircase according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that steps (220, 222) and / or risers are arranged on the steps.

8. Staircase according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the horizontal beams are bent about a vertical axis.

9. Staircase according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the horizontal beams are bent about a horizontal axis by practically 90 ° and then form the vertical beam of the subsequent step.

10. Staircase according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the support rectangle is formed by the web and the horizontal support by the profiles of an I-beam.