EP0408870B1 - Gripper for weaving looms - Google Patents
Gripper for weaving looms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0408870B1 EP0408870B1 EP90109969A EP90109969A EP0408870B1 EP 0408870 B1 EP0408870 B1 EP 0408870B1 EP 90109969 A EP90109969 A EP 90109969A EP 90109969 A EP90109969 A EP 90109969A EP 0408870 B1 EP0408870 B1 EP 0408870B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- clamp
- gripper
- clamping pad
- head according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D47/00—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms
- D03D47/12—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms wherein single picks of weft thread are inserted, i.e. with shedding between each pick
- D03D47/20—Constructional features of the thread-engaging device on the inserters
- D03D47/23—Thread grippers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T24/00—Buckles, buttons, clasps, etc.
- Y10T24/44—Clasp, clip, support-clamp, or required component thereof
- Y10T24/44641—Clasp, clip, support-clamp, or required component thereof having gripping member formed from, biased by, or mounted on resilient member
- Y10T24/44932—Clasp, clip, support-clamp, or required component thereof having gripping member formed from, biased by, or mounted on resilient member having specific surface material or irregularity on or along engaging face
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gripper head for weaving machines consisting of a body with a clamping device for the thread to be clamped, a stationary clamping cushion being arranged near the front gripper tip of the gripper head and a clamping cushion standing opposite one another under spring tension on a spring-loaded clamp.
- a clamping device on the gripper tip is known, wherein a clamping cushion is attached to a leaf spring.
- This construction is complex and due to the length of the spring travel with relatively large mass inertias.
- connection to the body is still relatively complicated and the clamping device itself is still subject to a relatively large mass inertia, which could compromise operational safety.
- a light gripper head therefore also enables smaller drive components, e.g. the rack.
- a light gripper head in conjunction with a light rack in turn enables a lighter drive wheel and so on.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of reducing the mass of the moving parts on the gripper head and the overall mass of the gripper head by means of a structurally simple design.
- the leaf spring is supported on the body on a spring bearing, consisting of a slotted bolt, and the clamp forms lugs in the manner of a receiving opening, into which the free end of the leaf spring engages, and that the stationary clamping cushion with a two-layer structure is integrated on the body at the tip of the gripper.
- the essence of the invention is therefore based on a number of features, it being essential that a special clamp with opposing clamping cushions is formed at the gripper tip, whereby a reliable clamping device is achieved in connection with the two-layer structure.
- the mounting of the spring which is designed as a leaf spring, relates specifically to an arrangement in a slotted bolt, whereby an additional adjustability is achieved with low inertia.
- the spring is designed as a straight or curved spiral spring which is clamped on one side and which carries the clamp with clamping cushions at its front, free end.
- spiral spring it is stated that it can be both a simple spiral spring and a multi-layered spring assembly. Further advantageous refinements of the gripper head result from the subclaims.
- the delivery gripper according to FIG. 1 consists of a body 1 of known shape and of a spring bearing 2, which consists of a bolt which has a slot in the front, into which the spring 3 is clamped or otherwise glued.
- This bolt is firmly anchored in the body, but can be rotated for adjustment purposes in order to adjust the spring position of the spring 3.
- the spring 3 carries a clamp 5 at its front end.
- the skid 4 is connected to this clamp 5, the skid 4 consisting of a highly wear-resistant material which is soldered onto the clamp 5, for example.
- the clamp 5 here forms an upper shoulder 11 and a lower shoulder 10, which define a receiving opening into which the front free end of the spring 3 engages and in this area the clamp 5 is fastened to the spring 3 with a screw 9.
- the clamp 5 carries at its front end a clamping pad 12 which forms the clamping surface of the movable clamp.
- the fixed part of the clamp is formed by an anvil 6, which is known per se in its shape, and carries a clamping cushion 13 at its front, lower end.
- the clamping pad 13 is constructed in two layers and consists of an elastic body and a highly wear-resistant surface e.g. B. is achieved by sticking a highly wear-resistant plate on this pillow.
- a cover lever 7 is arranged in the bringer gripper, which in a manner known per se closes the eyelet 14 which is open at the front in certain operating states of the gripper.
- FIG. 2 represents a right gripper (slave gripper).
- an adjusting arrangement 15 is present on the spring bearing 2, which consists of an adjusting screw and a lock nut, which is supported on a fixed surface 16 on the body 1.
- the spring 3 is in turn connected to the clamp 5 and consists of a skid 4 and carries the movable plate 12, which is arranged behind a thread deflector 17.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Looms (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Greiferkopf für Webmaschinen bestehend aus einem Korpus mit einer Klemmeinrichtung für den zu klemmenden Faden, wobei in der Nähe der vorderen Greiferspitze des Greiferkopfes ein ortsfestes Klemmkissen und gegenüberliegend unter Federspannung stehend ein Klemmkissen an einer federbelasteten Klemme angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a gripper head for weaving machines consisting of a body with a clamping device for the thread to be clamped, a stationary clamping cushion being arranged near the front gripper tip of the gripper head and a clamping cushion standing opposite one another under spring tension on a spring-loaded clamp.
Aus der FR-A-1 122 422 ist eine Klemmeinrichtung an der Greiferspitze bekannt, wobei ein Klemmkissen an einer Blattfeder befestigt ist. Diese Konstruktion ist aufwendig und wegen der Länge der Federwege mit relativ großen Massenträgheiten behaftet.From FR-A-1 122 422 a clamping device on the gripper tip is known, wherein a clamping cushion is attached to a leaf spring. This construction is complex and due to the length of the spring travel with relatively large mass inertias.
Nachteilig hierbei ist jedoch, daß die Verbindung mit dem Korpus noch relativ kompliziert ausgebildet ist und weiterhin die Klemmeinrichtung selbst noch einer relativ großen Massenträgheit unterworfen ist, worunter die Betriebssicherheit leiden könnte.The disadvantage here, however, is that the connection to the body is still relatively complicated and the clamping device itself is still subject to a relatively large mass inertia, which could compromise operational safety.
Da die Greiferköpfe das letzte Glied in der ganzen Antriebskette darstellen, sind die Greiferköpfe über ihre Massen iniziierend für die Dimensionierung aller anderen Bauteile dieser Kette. Ein leichter Greiferkopf ermöglicht demnach auch leichter dimensionierte Antriebsbauteile wie z.B. die Zahnstange. Ein leichter Greiferkopf in Verbindung mit einer leichten Zahnstange ermöglicht wiederum ein leichteres Antriebsrad und so weiter.Since the gripper heads represent the last link in the entire drive chain, the gripper heads are, via their masses, incipient for the dimensioning of all other components of this chain. A light gripper head therefore also enables smaller drive components, e.g. the rack. A light gripper head in conjunction with a light rack in turn enables a lighter drive wheel and so on.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, durch eine konstuktiv einfache Gestaltung die Masse der bewegten Teile am Greiferkopf sowie die Gesamtmasse des Greiferkopfs zu verringern.The present invention is therefore based on the object of reducing the mass of the moving parts on the gripper head and the overall mass of the gripper head by means of a structurally simple design.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe ist es vorgesehen, daß sich die Blattfeder am Korpus an einem Federlager, bestehend aus einem geschlitzten Bolzen, abstützt und hierbei die Klemme Ansätze nach Art einer Aufnahmeöffnung ausbildet, in welche das freie Ende der Blattfeder eingreift, und daß an der Greiferspitze das ortsfeste Klemmkissen mit einem zweischichtigen Aufbau am Korpus integriert ist.To solve the problem it is provided that the leaf spring is supported on the body on a spring bearing, consisting of a slotted bolt, and the clamp forms lugs in the manner of a receiving opening, into which the free end of the leaf spring engages, and that the stationary clamping cushion with a two-layer structure is integrated on the body at the tip of the gripper.
Das Wesen der Erfindung liegt demnach in einer Reihe von Merkmalen begründet, wobei wesentlich ist, daß an der Greiferspitze eine spezielle Klemme mit einander gegenüberstehenden Klemmkissen gebildet wird, wodurch in Verbindung mit dem zweischichtigen Aufbau eine betriebssichere Klemmeinrichtung erreicht wird. Die Lagerung der Feder, die als Blattfeder ausgebildet ist, bezieht sich speziell auf eine Anordnung in einem geschlitzten Bolzen, wodurch bei geringer Massenträgheit zusätzlich eine Verstellbarkeit erreicht wird.The essence of the invention is therefore based on a number of features, it being essential that a special clamp with opposing clamping cushions is formed at the gripper tip, whereby a reliable clamping device is achieved in connection with the two-layer structure. The mounting of the spring, which is designed as a leaf spring, relates specifically to an arrangement in a slotted bolt, whereby an additional adjustability is achieved with low inertia.
Damit erfolgt eine wesentliche Verringerung der Massenträgheiten, was bei hohen Tourenzahlen zu einer wesentlichen Verschleißminderung und Verringerung der Bauteilbeanspruchung im gesamten Antriebsgetriebe führt. Ein derartiger Greifer kann demzufolge wesentlich einfacher hergestellt werden, und insbesondere auch billiger. Neben der verringerten Gesamtmasse bietet der Greiferkopf bzw. der Federgreifer auch weitere Vorteile derart, daß geringere Schließkräfte durch geringere Klemmassen entstehen, wodurch weniger Fadenabklemmer zu befürchten sind.This results in a significant reduction in inertia, which at high speeds leads to a significant reduction in wear and tear and component stress in the entire drive transmission. Such a gripper can therefore be manufactured much more easily, and in particular also cheaper. In addition to the reduced overall mass, the gripper head or the spring gripper also offers further advantages in such a way that lower closing forces result from lower clamping masses, as a result of which fewer thread clamps are to be feared.
Im weiteren ergeben sich noch die Vorteile, daß weniger Bauteile verwendet werden müssen und durch die Vermeidung von Lagerpunkten weniger Verschleiß entsteht.In addition, there are the advantages that fewer components have to be used and less wear arises by avoiding bearing points.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird es bevorzugt, wenn die Feder als einseitig eingespannte gerade oder gebogene Biegefeder ausgebildet ist, die an ihrem vorderen, freien Ende die Klemme mit Klemmkissen trägt.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred if the spring is designed as a straight or curved spiral spring which is clamped on one side and which carries the clamp with clamping cushions at its front, free end.
Bezüglich der Biegefeder wird ausgeführt, daß es sowohl eine einfache Biegefeder sein kann als auch ein mehrfach geschichtetes Federpaket. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Greiferkopfes ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.With regard to the spiral spring, it is stated that it can be both a simple spiral spring and a multi-layered spring assembly. Further advantageous refinements of the gripper head result from the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher beschrieben.
Figur 1- zeigt perspektivisch einen Federkopf in seiner Ausführung als Bringergreifer, während
Figur 2- perspektivisch einen Federkopf in seiner Ausführung als Nehmergreifer zeigt.
- Figure 1
- shows in perspective a spring head in its design as a gripper, while
- Figure 2
- perspective a spring head in its execution as Slave gripper shows.
Der Bringergreifer nach Figur 1 besteht aus einem Korpus 1 an sich bekannter Formgebung und aus einem Federlager 2, welches aus einem Bolzen besteht, der vorne einen Schlitz trägt, in den die Feder 3 eingeklemmt oder sonstwie eingeklebt ist.The delivery gripper according to FIG. 1 consists of a
Dieser Bolzen ist fest im Korpus verankert, jedoch zu Einstellungszwecken verdrehbar, um die Federstellung der Feder 3 einzustellen.This bolt is firmly anchored in the body, but can be rotated for adjustment purposes in order to adjust the spring position of the
Die Feder 3 trägt an ihrem vorderen Ende eine Klemme 5. Die Gleitkufe 4 ist mit dieser Klemme 5 verbunden, wobei die Gleitkufe 4 aus einem hochverschleißfesten Material besteht, welches beispielsweise auf die Klemme 5 aufgelötet ist.The
Die Klemme 5 bildet hierbei einen oberen Ansatz 11 und einen unteren Ansatz 10, die eine Aufnahmeöffnung definieren, in welche das vordere freie Ende der Feder 3 greift und in diesem Bereich ist die Klemme 5 mit einer Schraube 9 auf der Feder 3 befestigt.The
Die Klemme 5 trägt an ihrem vorderen Ende ein Klemmkissen 12, welches die Klemmoberfläche der beweglichen Klemme bildet.The
Der feststehende Teil der Klemme wird hierbei gebildet von einem Amboß 6, der in seiner Formgebung an sich bekannt ist, und an seinem vorderen, unteren Ende ein Klemmkissen 13 trägt.The fixed part of the clamp is formed by an
Das Klemmkissen 13 ist zweischichtig aufgebaut und besteht aus einem elastischen Körper und aus einer hochverschleißfesten Oberfläche, die z. B. durch Aufkleben eines hochverschleißfesten Plättchens auf dieses Kissen erreicht wird.The
Wichtig bei dieser Ausführung ist nun, daß der an sich vorhanden gewesene Klemmhebel vollständig entfällt, daß also die bewegliche Klemmanordnung unmittelbar am freien, vorderen Ende der Feder 3 angeordnet ist.It is important in this embodiment that the existing clamping lever is completely eliminated, so that the movable clamping arrangement is arranged directly on the free, front end of the
Seitlich an der beweglichen Klemme 5 ist beim Bringergreifer ein Abdeckhebel 7 angeordnet, der in an sich bekannter Weise die nach vorn offene Öse 14 in bestimmten Betriebszuständen des Greifers verschließt.On the side of the
Bezüglich der Figur 2, welche einen rechten Greifer (Nehmergreifer darstellt) gelten die gleichen Erläuterungen.The same explanations apply to FIG. 2, which represents a right gripper (slave gripper).
Man erkennt hier, daß am Federlager 2 eine Einstellanordnung 15 vorhanden ist, die aus einer Einstellschraube und aus einer Gegenmutter besteht, die sich an einer ortsfesten Fläche 16 am Korpus 1 abstützt.It can be seen here that an
Im übrigen ist dort wiederum die Feder 3 mit der Klemme 5 verbunden und besteht aus einer Gleitkufe 4 und trägt das bewegliche Plättchen 12, welches hinter einem Fadenabweiser 17 angeordnet ist.Otherwise, the
- 11
- KorpusBody
- 22nd
- FederlagerSpring bearing
- 33rd
- Federfeather
- 44th
- GleitkufeSkid
- 55
- KLemmeCLAMP
- 66
- Amboß (festes Teil)Anvil (fixed part)
- 77
- AbdeckhebelCover lever
- 88th
- FührungsstückGuide piece
- 99
- Schraubescrew
- 1010th
- unterer Ansatzlower approach
- 1111
- oberer Ansatztop approach
- 1212th
- KlemmkissenClip cushion
- 1313
- KlemmkissenClip cushion
- 1414
- Öseeyelet
- 1515
- EinstellanordnungAdjustment arrangement
- 1616
- Flächesurface
- 1717th
- FadenabweiserThread deflector
Claims (7)
- Gripper head for looms with a body, in which by means of a spring on the gripper tip a clamping device is formed and on the gripper tip at the free end of the spring a clamp (5) is present, in which the spring consists of a leaf spring (3), characterised in that the leaf spring (3) is supported on the body (1) on a spring support (2), consisting of a slotted bolt and in this connection the clamp (5) forms extensions (10, 11) in the manner of a recess opening, in which the free end of the leaf spring (3) engages, and that on the gripper tip the fixed clamping pad (13) is integrated with a two-layer construction.
- Gripper head according to claim 1, characterised in that on the clamp (5) a sliding runner (4) is formed, via which the clamping pad (12) attached to the clamp (5) can be directly controlled from outside.
- Gripper head according to claim 1, characterised in that the two-layer construction of the fixed clamping pad (13) and/or the clamp (5) with the clamping pad (12) has a balancing, resilient damping member and a member which is impervious to wear and tear.
- Gripper head according to claim 1, characterised in that the fixed clamping pad (13) in the region of the gripper tip is arranged as part of the stationary clamping device on an anvil (6), which additionally has a hook (14), open towards the front.
- Gripper head according to claim 1, characterised in that a shank spring is provided for the clamp (5) with the clamping pad, which spring is supported at one of its ends on the body (1) and has at its other end the clamp (5) with clamping pad (12).
- Gripper head according to claim 1, characterised in that to swivel the clamp (5) with the clamping pad (12) a torsion spring is provided, or a compression coil spring, which is arranged perpendicularly to the rotational axis of the clamp (5) with clamping pad (12) in the body (1).
- Gripper head according to claim 1, characterised in that a guide piece (8) is formed laterally on the body (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3923540 | 1989-07-15 | ||
| DE3923540A DE3923540A1 (en) | 1989-07-15 | 1989-07-15 | GRIPPER HEAD FOR WEAVING MACHINES |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0408870A1 EP0408870A1 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
| EP0408870B1 true EP0408870B1 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
Family
ID=6385179
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90109969A Expired - Lifetime EP0408870B1 (en) | 1989-07-15 | 1990-05-25 | Gripper for weaving looms |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5065797A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0408870B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2679746B2 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3923540A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5186218A (en) * | 1991-05-23 | 1993-02-16 | Sulzer Brothers Limited | Gripper changer for projectile looms |
Family Cites Families (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2923325A (en) * | 1955-02-24 | 1960-02-02 | Dewas Raymond | Weft feeders for weaving looms |
| FR1122422A (en) * | 1955-02-24 | 1956-09-06 | Improvements made to weft-passing devices on looms | |
| ES343664A1 (en) * | 1967-07-13 | 1968-09-01 | Balaguer Golobart | Organs for grasping woof threads in inserting elements of stationary woof frames |
| ES344309A1 (en) * | 1967-08-10 | 1968-10-01 | Balaguer Golobart | Picking elements for filling yarns in looms with fixed weft reserve |
| ES344323A1 (en) * | 1967-08-12 | 1968-10-01 | Balaguer Golobart | Improvements in the inserting elements of wire in telescopes with reserve of fixed frame. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| US3580291A (en) * | 1967-09-19 | 1971-05-25 | Somet Soc Mec Tessile | Filling carrier for use in shuttleless looms |
| FR1559836A (en) * | 1968-01-18 | 1969-03-14 | ||
| CH525983A (en) * | 1970-01-16 | 1972-07-31 | Fischer Ag Brugg Georg | Weft yarn pull-out gripper for a weaving machine |
| BE798958A (en) * | 1972-08-14 | 1973-08-16 | Dornier Gmbh Lindauer | WEFT INSERTION DEVICE FOR SHUTTLE Looms |
| JPS504793A (en) * | 1973-02-02 | 1975-01-18 | ||
| FR2230765A2 (en) * | 1973-05-21 | 1974-12-20 | Mecoutil | Loom weft picker has yarn clamp including one moveable jaw - which is biassed by leaf springs against fixed jaw |
| JPS5012027A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1975-02-07 | ||
| GB1468819A (en) * | 1973-06-15 | 1977-03-30 | Mackie & Sons Ltd J | Looms |
| FR2278815A1 (en) * | 1974-07-18 | 1976-02-13 | Etcoma Sarl | Loom weft picker comprises two channel sections pivoted together - forming a clamp to hold the weft yarn |
| US3931837A (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1976-01-13 | Rockwell International Corporation | Carrier for shuttleless loom |
| CH611354A5 (en) * | 1975-04-17 | 1979-05-31 | Dornier Gmbh Lindauer | |
| US4055572A (en) * | 1975-08-06 | 1977-10-25 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for the production of 3-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole derivatives |
| IT1043118B (en) * | 1975-10-03 | 1980-02-20 | Noovopignone S P A | PERFECTLY TO WEFT INSERTION DEVICES ON FRAMES WITH REAL ESTATE RESERVE |
| CH610363A5 (en) * | 1976-12-30 | 1979-04-12 | Albatex Ag | Carrying gripper for shuttleless looms |
| JPS5743745Y2 (en) * | 1978-11-11 | 1982-09-27 | ||
| GB2059455A (en) * | 1979-09-29 | 1981-04-23 | Northrop Weaving Machinery Ltd | Improvements in or relating to looms with stationary weft supply |
| US4284108A (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-08-18 | Adolph Saurer Limited | Thread gripper |
| IT1135814B (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1986-08-27 | Vamatex Spa | LOADING GRIPPER FOR WEAVING FRAMES |
| FR2539768A1 (en) * | 1983-01-24 | 1984-07-27 | Mat Textil Ste Alsa Const | SYSTEM FOR PROTECTION, AGAINST DUST AND DUST, OF THE SPRING OF FINGER-HAND NEEDLE HEADS IN A WEAVING |
| IT1167266B (en) * | 1983-10-07 | 1987-05-13 | Vamatex Spa | WEFT RETENTION ORGAN IN PLAM HOLDER PLIERS FOR WEAVING FRAMES |
| EP0146663B1 (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1988-03-02 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Weft inserting device for a needle loom |
| DE3519685C1 (en) * | 1985-06-01 | 1986-08-28 | Lindauer Dornier Gmbh, 8990 Lindau | Fastening device for interchangeably arranged guiding bodies on non-contact looms |
| US4903623A (en) * | 1988-03-02 | 1990-02-27 | Union Special Corporation | Hemmer seamer assembly |
-
1989
- 1989-07-15 DE DE3923540A patent/DE3923540A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-05-25 DE DE59006288T patent/DE59006288D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-25 EP EP90109969A patent/EP0408870B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-13 US US07/552,820 patent/US5065797A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-13 JP JP2186959A patent/JP2679746B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5065797A (en) | 1991-11-19 |
| JP2679746B2 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
| EP0408870A1 (en) | 1991-01-23 |
| DE59006288D1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
| JPH0351344A (en) | 1991-03-05 |
| DE3923540A1 (en) | 1991-01-24 |
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