EP0407275A1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkstücken mit hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften aus nichtbehandeltem Stahl - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkstücken mit hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften aus nichtbehandeltem Stahl Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0407275A1
EP0407275A1 EP90401879A EP90401879A EP0407275A1 EP 0407275 A1 EP0407275 A1 EP 0407275A1 EP 90401879 A EP90401879 A EP 90401879A EP 90401879 A EP90401879 A EP 90401879A EP 0407275 A1 EP0407275 A1 EP 0407275A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
heating
austenitization
steel
quenching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90401879A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0407275B1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Gautier
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0407275A1 publication Critical patent/EP0407275A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing parts with high mechanical characteristics from untreated steel, comprising a succession of heat treatment and forming operations.
  • This process intended in particular for the manufacture of rail fasteners, comprises the following stages: - cold forming or preforming of parts, - austenitization heating of the parts, preferably in a fluidized bed bath or by induction, - quenching of the parts in a fluidized bed bath, - tempering of the parts preferably in a fluidized bed bath, - shot blasting, - possibly final cold forming of the parts, - protection.
  • this known method still has a certain number of drawbacks.
  • it involves two temperature rise operations (austenitization heating before quenching, tempering after quenching).
  • tempering after quenching the fact that the parts undergo cold forming or at least preforming, before any heating, it is impossible to carry out this heating on continuous material, for example strip.
  • the subject of the present invention is a process for manufacturing parts in treated steel which makes it possible to produce parts of equivalent quality or even better than that obtained by conventional methods at a lower cost.
  • the process according to the invention for manufacturing parts from untreated steel comprises the following successive operations: - heating the steel to a temperature above the transformation point (austenitization), - isothermal quenching in a fluidized bed bath, immediately following the austenitization heating, - warm parts forming.
  • the austenitization heating can advantageously be carried out in a fluidized bed bath or by induction, on continuous products (strips, crowns) or on blanks or pieces. It is also possible, within the framework of the invention, to carry out a cold preforming, before austenitization heating, to give the parts a shape different from their final shape, in which case the warm forming carried out after heating isothermal austenitization and quenching is intended above all to give the parts a more precise geometry and higher mechanical characteristics (thermomechanical warm treatment such as blocking in the case of springs).
  • the conventional hot forming process before quenching requires heating the parts as a whole to a temperature much higher than the transformation point to take account of the cooling that the parts undergo during the hot forming operation and during transfers.
  • the quenching operation (which gives the steel a bainitic structure) immediately follows the austenitization heating operation, the heat losses are very low and the lower heating temperature, since it is only used for quenching.
  • the untreated part of the metal plays a complementary role for quenching and the rest of the operations, by heat diffusion.
  • induction or fluidized bed heating makes it possible to carry out heat exchanges in reduced spaces, which significantly reduces the losses of the installation in operation and the start-up and shutdown times of the installation, therefore the losses who as a result.
  • the replacement of oil quenching by fluidized bed quenching eliminates the need to suck oil fumes and those to wash and dry the parts.
  • the additional heating necessary to compensate for the losses due to the oil quenching and washing operations is saved.
  • the replacement of the two quenching and tempering operations of the usual processes with isothermal quenching allows other significant energy savings.
  • the energy to bring the part to the tempering temperature is removed.
  • the holding time at the isothermal quenching temperature represents less than half of the holding time at the tempering temperature according to the usual methods.
  • Most of the energy induced during austenitization is returned to the fluidized quench bath isothermal, which allows this energy to be reused, for example for heating buildings.
  • the parts with a bainitic structure are at a temperature above the martensite point, that is to say at a temperature of the order of 280-350 ° C. depending on the steel grades, and the residual energy that they contain can be used as the following operations are carried out warm (forming, blocking, prestressing, shot blasting, protection).
  • the process according to the invention thus makes it possible to recover the major part of the energy provided during austenitization.
  • Warm forming gives the parts better precision and increases the mechanical characteristics of the finished product, notably promoting the blocking of dislocations induced during forming, due in particular to the increase in mobility of carbon atoms linked to temperature. Rapid heating followed by isothermal quenching eliminates any risk of decarburization.
  • the successive operations of the process according to the invention are carried out in a precise order making it possible to make the most of the energy stored in the material.
  • the choice of temperature for each operation aims to optimize the beneficial effects, in particular on a metallurgical level for shot peening and pre-forming (or blocking), and on the electrochemical level for anti-corrosion protection.
  • the method according to the invention does not require the formation of a so-called bonding layer generally obtained by chemical combination (phosphating) with the metal to be protected, the formation of this bonding layer resulting in a decrease in the surface mechanical characteristics of the parts.
  • the process according to the invention reduces the number of operations, in particular temperature rise and the temperature maintenance times.
  • the installations necessary for the implementation of the process are therefore of reduced dimensions.
  • the investment and the surface area required for an installation using the method according to the invention are divided by a factor of approximately five.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce the work in progress.
  • the outstanding amount is only 40 springs for the process according to the invention, while it is 1,200 in the conventional process.
  • a few minutes are sufficient to empty the installation of its parts for the implementation of the process according to the invention.
  • the process according to the invention eliminates all harmful fumes and vapors and makes work much less arduous.
  • the process according to the invention eliminates all the discharges (fumes, vapors, detergents, etc.) from the usual hot forming and oil quenching process.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
EP90401879A 1989-07-07 1990-06-29 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkstücken mit hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften aus nichtbehandeltem Stahl Expired - Lifetime EP0407275B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8909189A FR2649415B1 (fr) 1989-07-07 1989-07-07 Procede de fabrication de pieces a hautes caracteristiques mecaniques a partir d'acier non traite
FR8909189 1989-07-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0407275A1 true EP0407275A1 (de) 1991-01-09
EP0407275B1 EP0407275B1 (de) 1994-12-14

Family

ID=9383594

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90401879A Expired - Lifetime EP0407275B1 (de) 1989-07-07 1990-06-29 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Werkstücken mit hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften aus nichtbehandeltem Stahl

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0407275B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0353018A (de)
AT (1) ATE115638T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2020595C (de)
DE (1) DE69015028T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2068354T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2649415B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2585621A4 (de) * 2010-06-24 2018-05-09 Magna International Inc. Massgeschneiderte eigenschaften durch nachbearbeitung nach einer heissformung
EP2641990B1 (de) 2010-11-18 2019-03-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Hochfestes stahlblech mit hervorragender formbarkeit, warmarbeitsverfahren und warmbearbeitetes automobilteil

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0593225A (ja) * 1991-09-30 1993-04-16 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 鋳鉄歯車の製造方法
DE102010027179B3 (de) * 2010-07-14 2011-11-10 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren und Fertigungsanlage zur Herstellung von Kraftfahrzeugbauteilen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1543101A (fr) * 1967-10-30 1968-10-18 British Iron And Steel Traitement thermo-mécanique de l'acier
FR2359901A1 (fr) * 1976-07-29 1978-02-24 Lasalle Steel Co Aciers combinant la solidite et l'usinabilite et leur procede d'obtention par traitement thermique
FR2391789A1 (fr) * 1977-05-25 1978-12-22 Renault Procede de fabrication de pieces formees a partir de bandes metalliques
FR2448573A1 (fr) * 1979-02-06 1980-09-05 Physique Appliquee Ind Installation automatique de trempe isotherme en lit fluidise

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3240634A (en) * 1964-07-23 1966-03-15 Lasalle Steel Co Steels and improved method of manufacture

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1543101A (fr) * 1967-10-30 1968-10-18 British Iron And Steel Traitement thermo-mécanique de l'acier
FR2359901A1 (fr) * 1976-07-29 1978-02-24 Lasalle Steel Co Aciers combinant la solidite et l'usinabilite et leur procede d'obtention par traitement thermique
FR2391789A1 (fr) * 1977-05-25 1978-12-22 Renault Procede de fabrication de pieces formees a partir de bandes metalliques
FR2448573A1 (fr) * 1979-02-06 1980-09-05 Physique Appliquee Ind Installation automatique de trempe isotherme en lit fluidise

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2585621A4 (de) * 2010-06-24 2018-05-09 Magna International Inc. Massgeschneiderte eigenschaften durch nachbearbeitung nach einer heissformung
EP2641990B1 (de) 2010-11-18 2019-03-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Hochfestes stahlblech mit hervorragender formbarkeit, warmarbeitsverfahren und warmbearbeitetes automobilteil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2020595A1 (fr) 1991-01-08
FR2649415B1 (fr) 1991-10-31
DE69015028T2 (de) 1995-07-20
ES2068354T3 (es) 1995-04-16
CA2020595C (fr) 2001-07-03
ATE115638T1 (de) 1994-12-15
FR2649415A1 (fr) 1991-01-11
JPH0353018A (ja) 1991-03-07
EP0407275B1 (de) 1994-12-14
DE69015028D1 (de) 1995-01-26

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