EP0406107B1 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Ablagerung von Mineralfasern - Google Patents

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Ablagerung von Mineralfasern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0406107B1
EP0406107B1 EP90401839A EP90401839A EP0406107B1 EP 0406107 B1 EP0406107 B1 EP 0406107B1 EP 90401839 A EP90401839 A EP 90401839A EP 90401839 A EP90401839 A EP 90401839A EP 0406107 B1 EP0406107 B1 EP 0406107B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiving process
process according
drums
collection
machines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90401839A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0406107A1 (de
Inventor
Hans Furtak
Wilfrid Naber
Raymond Lejeune
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Saint Gobain Isover SA France
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Saint Gobain Isover SA France
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218—Glass fibres
    • D04H1/4226—Glass fibres characterised by the apparatus for manufacturing the glass fleece
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7683—Fibrous blankets or panels characterised by the orientation of the fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to techniques for receiving mineral fibers known as insulation, in particular glass fibers, with a view to the separation under the fiberizing machines, of fibers and ambient gases - in particular gases induced or having served for the drawing of these fibers - to make a mineral wool mattress.
  • a common type of receiving device called belt receiving is described for example in US-A-3,220,812 where it is proposed to receive fibers from a series of fiberizing machines on a single conveyor of the belt type without thin, gas permeable and under which is placed a vacuum chamber or better a plurality of independent vacuum chambers.
  • the fiber-drawing machines can be brought together to the limits of their respective dimensions, which allows relatively short lines; this point is not negligible if we know that some production lines can reach the number of 9 or more fiberizing machines, each fiberizing machine being of the order of 600 mm in diameter for example.
  • the only lower limit to the grammage (or areal mass) of the felt produced is that dictated by the problems of mechanical strength, which therefore allows the manufacture of the lightest products likely to be obtained.
  • heavy products are understood to mean products whose grammage is for example greater than 2.5 kg / m2 in the case of glass wool products. whose micronaire is 3 for 5 g, with the exception of dense products obtained by molding and pressing which are not directly within the scope of the present invention.
  • This difficulty in obtaining is easily explained by the fact that the heavier the mattress that it is sought to produce, the greater the quantity of fibers which are deposited on the same surface of the endless belt and therefore greater resistance to gas passage.
  • a greater depression must be exerted, which results in crushing of the felt by the pressure of the gases, especially sensitive crushing in the lower part of the felt which corresponds to the fibers harvested in the first place.
  • the mechanical performance of the product is less good.
  • the resulting deterioration in the quality of the product is very noticeable as soon as the vacuum must be raised beyond 8000 to 9000 Pa, while in certain installations a vacuum of more than 10 000 Pa is already necessary for mattresses whose grammage is 2500 g / m2.
  • this gas backflow increases the temperature in the fiber hood and therefore risk of pre-gelling of the binder, that is to say of a polymerization of the binder while the fibers are still in a unitary state, which removes almost all activity.
  • this backflow can cause the formation of wicks, that is to say dense assemblies of agglomerated fibers, which affect the homogeneity of the product, its appearance and lower its thermal resistance.
  • the real gain is very small because the increase in the dimensions of the hood results in an increase in the air induction and therefore in the quantity of air to be sucked.
  • a primitive of low grammage is prepared by means of a receiving device facing one or two fiberizing machines, consisting of a pair of drums rotating in reverse rotation, the perforated surface of which allows the suction of gases by suitable devices placed in the drums.
  • the primitive is formed between the drums and falls in a vertical plane before being taken up by the lapper, that is to say a pendulum device which deposits it in intertwined layers on a conveyor where the felt of the desired high grammage is obtained. .
  • a lapper imposes a primitive of at least 100 g / m2 below which its mechanical resistance would be insufficient in particular to support the movements of the pendulum, and a sufficient number of superimposed layers - to have an optimization of the distribution with in every point of the felt the same number of layers.
  • Another drum device is also described in document FR-A-2 088 396 where there is provided one or two receiving drums for one or more fiberizing machines, the arrangement of said machines being made on an axis parallel to the axis of the drum (s).
  • This device is however mainly suitable for the production of fibers and not felts and does not allow the production of products of heavy weights.
  • the object of the invention is a new design for the reception of units for the production of felts made of mineral wool, in particular glass wool, tending to widen the range of products capable of being produced by the same production line; this widening of the range extending to both low and heavy weights so as to increase the versatility of the production line, while preserving or even improving the quality of the products obtained.
  • the range of products produced goes, for example, from 300 g to 4000 g / m2 or more, possibly by combining a lapper.
  • the invention proposes a reception method for the separation of fibers and gases produced by a plurality of fiberizing machines with a view to obtaining a mineral wool mattress, method according to which the fibers are collected by suction of the gases, each fiberizing machine i having its own collection zone Zi, the fibers collected in the various collection zones Zi being evacuated outside the collection zone by one or more conveyor belts common to several zones Zi, this reception process being characterized by the fact that the areas of the collection zones Zi are increasing in the direction of increasing the grammages on said conveyor belts.
  • the more a fiberizing machine i is close to the place of final formation the larger the collection zone Zi which is assigned to it, which makes it possible to compensate for the greater resistance to the passage of gases due to the deposit on the same conveyor belts of the fibers coming from the fiberizing machines more distant.
  • one operates at a constant delivery rate.
  • discharge rate is meant the percentage of gas not sucked in at the reception. Preferably, this rate is zero, and this in accordance with claim 1 even for the fiberizing machines downstream of the line.
  • the collection surfaces are preferably delimited on one side by the conveyor belts themselves, which therefore form receiving belts.
  • the increase in the resistance to the passage of gases due to the deposition of the fibers coming from fiberizing machines upstream is compensated for (always considering the line oriented in the direction of travel of the primitive).
  • the receptions according to the invention are receptions common to several fiberizing machines and preferably to 3 or more fiberizing machines. The number of receptions per production line therefore generally does not exceed two, which avoids the drawbacks of excessive modularization.
  • the increase in the collection surface in the areas of heavy weights makes it possible to maintain in them relatively low levels of depression, for example advantageously less than 4000 Pa, that is to say at a good level. lower than the level for which the first damage is observed for high quality fibers such as glass fibers whose micronaire is for example 3 per 5 g.
  • one chooses to operate with the same level of vacuum for all the collection surfaces.
  • we compensate completely from one collection zone to another the slightest permeability of the felt due to the thickness of felt already deposited from other fiberizing machines - and this without harming the aspiration, because as indicated in the preamble sucking only a part of the gases would lead to a backflow of the fibers with especially the formation of wicks and therefore obtaining a product of poorer quality.
  • the present invention relates more specifically to cases where the fall heights of the fibers differ according to their original fiberizing machines, that is to say all case where the conveyor belts have a trajectory which is not horizontal but is generally convex.
  • the surfaces of the collection zones Zi increase with the average distance that the fibers must travel to reach these collection zones Zi.
  • this variation of the angle of inclination is carried out continuously so as to avoid sharp angles which could harm the final quality of the felt.
  • the receiving strip on which the fibers from the different fiberizing machines are deposited then follows a trajectory which at least in its terminal portion is that which is convex, for example elliptical, curved.
  • the fiberizing machines are divided into groups of for example 3 or 4 forming as many reception modules as groups: each module thus corresponds to a primitive and all the primitives formed are then collected before being driven in the form of '' a unique felt in the binder polymerization oven.
  • each module thus corresponds to a primitive and all the primitives formed are then collected before being driven in the form of '' a unique felt in the binder polymerization oven.
  • reception modules are necessary even for large tonnage production lines.
  • There is thus a modularization of the reception but a modularization which is intended to be limited in much smaller proportions than according to the prior art.
  • the receiving modules can be arranged in series one after the other with a single glass supply channel for all the fiberizing machines or in parallel with in this case as many molten glass supply channels as reception modules. Subsequently, the primitives are brought together by superposition in parallel layers or in intersecting layers, the choice between these two superposition modes being carried out in particular as a function of the densities desired for the final products.
  • the gathering of the primitives by superposition in interlaced layers takes place with a minimum of 6 layers.
  • each reception module not one but two converging receiving bands facing each other and symmetrical to one another, the fibers deposited on one or the other band being gathered in a single felt at the common end of the receiving strips.
  • the place of final formation of the felt is located at the point of convergence of the two receiving bands.
  • the power required to drive the receiving bands is a function of the mass of fibers deposited on each of them, it is preferable to distribute the number of fiberizing machines in equal parts for each receiving band, which simplifies synchronization. speeds of the two receiving bands, synchronization necessary to prevent the two primitives formed from sliding over each other. If the fiberizing machines are in odd number, the last fiberizing machine preferably has a collection surface shared between two receiving bands, the symmetry of the torus resulting from a fiberizing machine allowing a division into two equal parts if one chooses to mount the receiver bands in such a way that their plane of symmetry contains the axis of symmetry of the torus of the central machine.
  • the curve drawn by the trajectory of a receiving strip is preferably a circle, the circular trajectories are certainly not the optimal trajectories calculated on the assumption for example of an equal depression in all the collection zones, but are of a practical point of view much simpler to set up artwork.
  • the receiving strips are formed by the peripheral surface of one or two drums.
  • a more particularly preferred example is that of a receiving module with double drums per group of 3 fiberizing machines with the formation of a primitive between the two drums.
  • the production line comprises nx3 fiberizing machines, there are then n receiving modules which form n primitives which are then gathered in a single mat before the polymerization of the resin intended to bind the fibers is caused.
  • the collection of primitives from the different modules can then be obtained as indicated above by superimposing them in parallel layers.
  • the assembly, for example on a horizontal conveyor, of the primitives produced in a vertical plane between the drums can be done almost immediately under the drums so that the "life" time of these primitives is very short and that one does not notice not on the finished products of delamination phenomenon.
  • the assembly can also be obtained by means of lappers.
  • the reception scheme thus defined - 3 fiberizing machines for two drums - is in fact very different from those known in the art - where there is either a collection surface distributed over two receiving bands (1 machine - 2 drums), or a conveyor belt serving as a collection surface specific to each machine (2 machines - 2 drums), and never conveyor belts common to several fiberizing machines.
  • the preferred solution according to the invention has numerous advantages.
  • each reception is normally supplied by 3 fiberizing machines, the minimum grammage which can be obtained with for example a line of 6 fiberizing machines is only 200 g / m2, it being understood that each reception must obligatorily produce a primitive of at least 100 g / m2 for a question of mechanical resistance.
  • a type of 2 drums reception by fiberizing machine - or 2 drums for 2 fiberizing machines - is only capable of producing mineral wool mattresses whose grammage is respectively at least 600 or 300 g / m2. In fact, this lower limit of 200 g / m2 is lower than the lightness limit of the products sold.
  • drums constitute very large collecting surfaces capable of receiving high flow rates which correspond perfectly to the possibilities of fiberizing machines.
  • the authors of the present invention have thus found that it is perfectly possible to directly produce a primitive of high grammage, without systematic use of the layers, the known disadvantage of which is a relatively low speed which limits the total speed of the line. production.
  • Another particularly advantageous point of the invention is that the greater efficiency of the suction leads to greater cooling of the felt; or the colder the felt, the less the risk that the binder will polymerize before passing through the polymerization oven, which leads to final products with much better mechanical strength, a greater proportion of the resin actually used to bind the fibers while too hasty polymerization takes place almost in pure loss, the thickness of the felt not yet being controlled at this stage of the process.
  • This lower temperature also leads to less evaporation of the size, a larger amount of which is found in the finished product, which reduces the cost of cleaning up the fumes.
  • the device associated with each group of 3 fiberizing machines comprises a hood isolating each reception in which are placed a pair of drums perforated over their entire peripheral surface and provided with devices centering and rotation drive and fixed interior suction boxes when the drums are rotating.
  • the suction surface corresponds to the peripheral surface of the drum placed inside the hood and facing an interior suction box.
  • each drum is preferably obtained by means of pairs of rollers, for example shouldered, also serving for axial guidance, each pair consisting of an idler roller and a drive roller whose rotation is for example controlled by a motor mounted on its axis, the rollers preferably being provided with a coating giving a good coefficient of friction.
  • the drive by rollers can not lead to a deterioration of the other organs of the reception and in particular of those used to achieve the sealing of the reception chamber and moreover it leaves entirely free the interior space of the drum which is therefore totally available for mounting the suction box.
  • the hood is preferably in two parts.
  • the lower part - the closest to the drums - is made up of cooled plates provided with recesses corresponding to the location of the drums.
  • the upper part is of the revolving low-flank type associated with cleaning devices external to the hood, so that the fibers which stick to the low-flanks are evacuated definitively out of the receiving hood.
  • Means are also provided such as flexible curtains guaranteeing the seal between the hood and the drum on the one hand and, between the interior suction box and the drum on the other hand, the fiber itself sufficient to seal between the drums.
  • each drum with a compressed air blowing ramp, the blown jet being directed at the outlet of the drums so as to promote the take-off of the fibers and the formation of the primitive under the drums.
  • means are provided for modifying the length and the location with respect to the fiberizing machines of the suction zone.
  • These means are for example devices making it possible to rotate the caissons interiors - in this case centered on the axis of rotation of the drums - so as to move the peripheral zone of the drum opposite an internal box.
  • suction boxes and the drums themselves are preferably provided with adequate cleaning and drying means, this in particular in order to avoid fouling by fine fibers.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates by a block diagram the reception method according to the invention, for a glass wool production line comprising 3 fiberizing machines 1, 2, 3 arranged in the same row.
  • These fibering machines 1, 2, 3 constituted for example by centrifuges rotating at high speed provided at their periphery with a large number of orifices through which the molten material - preferably glass - escapes in the form of filaments which are then drawn into fibers by a current concentric gas, parallel to the axis of the centrifuge, emitted at high temperature and speed by an annular burner.
  • fiberizing devices well known in the art can be used which all allow the formation of a core of fibers, centered on an axis, core formed by the drawing gases and especially the gases induced in very large quantities .
  • the reception of the fibers - intended to separate them from the gases - is obtained by means of an endless band 4 permeable to gases driven continuously.
  • a hood 5 laterally delimits the fiber collection zone.
  • the gas suction is obtained by independent vacuum chambers.
  • Each fiberizing machine 1 is associated here with a box 6.
  • the hood 5 is closed as tightly as possible and is therefore provided at the outlet of a steamroller 7 possibly ensuring a certain traction on the felt to help the 'extract from the hood.
  • each fiberizing machine "i" corresponds to a collection zone Zi, bounded from below by the endless band 4. These zones Zi are increasing with their index and are therefore all the larger as they are close to the exit.
  • the spacing E between the machines is constant, there is therefore no increase in the induced air and therefore a lower risk of gas backflow and formation of wicks.
  • the trajectory represented in FIG. 1 is fictitious: in reality one operates with non-rectilinear but convex trajectories, for example elliptical, with as simplest embodiment, a circular trajectory associated with the use of drums.
  • the number of fiberizing machines for a reception is equal to 3 or 4, so that for a large production line, two reception modules will be used.
  • FIG. 2 An example of such a module is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2 provided for collecting the fibers produced by 3 fiberizing machines. Under the fiberizing machines 8 are arranged two drums 10, 9 driven in reverse rotation and rotating towards one another. These drums 10, 9 are placed under a hood 11.
  • the hood 11 has a lower part 12, cooled by appropriate means, with recesses in the form of arcs of a circle for housing the drums.
  • the upper part 13 may also be composed of fixed, cooled plates or better still of rotating sidewalls - of the vertical endless band type - the rear (that is to say the part external to the receiving unit) preferably provided with cleaning means.
  • the cooling means prevent a total blockage of reception from occurring by agglomerated fibers; the revolving bat-flanks improve the quality of the felt insofar as this prevents small tufts of fibers from forming - tufts which, without being able to cause the blocking of the installation, can still adversely affect the homogeneity felt, because when they finally peel off the wall they form in the felt areas with a higher content of binder which are identified by a darker shade giving the appearance of stains.
  • the tightness of the reception is critical and is preferably obtained by means of polyurethane mats.
  • the drums 10, 9 are placed in a pit under the fiber-drawing machines at a height calculated so that the minimum height of fiber fall is greater than 2500 mm in order to prevent the average speed of impact of the fibers on the drum calculated at the center of the torus is greater than 20 m / s.
  • this drop height does not exceed 5000 mm in order to avoid the formation of large tufts of fibers detrimental to the good quality of the insulating blanket.
  • the drums 10, 9 have a peripheral surface perforated gas permeable. They consist for example of two round end plates, rigid, onto which a perforated sheet is screwed, the diameter of the orifices being chosen according to the type of fibers produced. They are provided with centering and guiding devices, for example on rollers, their rotational drive being for example by chain or preferably by external rollers which guide the drum axially, these rollers being for example coated with polyurethane to ensure a good drum-roller friction.
  • these drums are mounted internal suction boxes 14, centered on the rotation shafts of the drums and fixed for example on the manifold of a valve provided for the revision of the drum.
  • the boxes 14 are delimited by side walls mounted for example along the radii of the drums, with an angle of for example 120 °, the boxes being able to be turned around the axis of the drums so as to modify the suction length and the location of the suction zone, in particular when the reception conditions have to be modified by stopping the central fiberizing machine as explained below.
  • cleaning and drying elements are, for example, of the brush, concurrent nozzle or air ramp type for taking off the fine fibers.
  • washing assembly consisting of a nylon brush with long bristles disposed inside the drum and driven in rotation by the latter and a small brush mounted outside the drum, these two brushes being optionally supplemented downstream (with respect to the direction of rotation of the drum) by washing and drying nozzles preferably operating only intermittently and which cleans the surface of the drum of the binder film which is deposited at the long.
  • suction boxes are connected by pipes to one or more fans capable of creating the necessary vacuum, and here not shown.
  • the axis 15, 16 of a lateral fiberizing machine 8 is vertical to the drum 10 respectively 9 facing it, the axis 17 of the central fiberizing machine being him coincident with the axis of the median plane of the pair of drums.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to obtain the largest possible suction surface.
  • the diameter D of the drums must therefore be chosen equal to twice the distance E between two fiberizing machines or more precisely very slightly smaller than this in order to preserve a free space of for example 100 mm between the two rollers.
  • the fibers produced by the lateral fibering machines of a reception fall into the suction zones shown diagrammatically by double arrows L1, while the fibers produced by the central machine fall on one or the other of the drums, in the L2 reception area.
  • This zone L2 is practically twice the length of zone L1. This compensates - and even very broadly - the resistance to the passage of smoke from the central machine created by the fibers coming from the lateral machines and already deposited on the surface of the drum when it reaches the L zone area.
  • the reception can operate with speed settings to compensate for the loss of grammage, when one of the side machines is stopped. If the stop concerns the central fiberizing machine, it is preferable to shift the suction zones to the sides so as to limit the increase in induced air generated by the central "vacuum” and above all to avoid the formation of wicks which wrap around themselves near the drums.
  • This fiberizing possibility constitutes a very great advantage of the reception modules according to the invention, because it takes into account the operating hazards of fiberizing machines.
  • a reception module conforming to the preferred embodiment of the invention makes it possible to obtain products of higher quality than the products capable of being obtained when two receiving drums are provided for two fiberizing machines.
  • This can be explained by the fact that the torus from a fiberizing machine is not perfectly homogeneous; an analysis of the gas velocity profile indeed shows that the speed is maximum around the axis of rotation of the fiberizing machine and decreases on the edges of the torus.
  • an air current tangential to the surface is generated at the periphery of the receiving surface; due to the higher suction on the side parts less loaded with fibers. This tangent current drives fibers which roll on themselves and form wicks.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the application of reception modules according to the invention to production lines comprising 6 fiberizing machines.
  • Figure 3 corresponds to a double online reception, that is to say that the 6 fiber-drawing machines are fed with molten glass by the same main channel, here with an assembly of the primitives by superposition in parallel layers.
  • each receiver Under the 6 fiber drawing machines 20 are arranged two receivers constituted by two pairs 22, 23 of two drums 21 moved in reverse rotation, each reception collecting the fibers produced by a group of 3 fiber drawing machines, the central fiber drawing machine of a given group being oriented along the median plane to the two drums of a reception.
  • Each pair of drums is isolated from the other pairs of drums by a hood, the receptions are therefore independent here.
  • Each reception unit thus forms a basic module, reproduced as many times as necessary according to the production capacities of the line, the relative arrangement of the modules with respect to each other, however, having to take account of the means for supplying molten glass to the different fiberizing machines, that is to say the number of molten glass supply channels provided at the outlet of the melting furnace and the arrangement thereof in line as shown here, or in parallel as in FIG. 4.
  • the fibers collected by a given pair of drums form a pitch 24 respectively 25 which falls in a vertical plane and is then collected by a horizontal conveyor 26 of the endless non-perforated strip type located at the bottom of the pit on which are superimposed in layers 27, 28 the primitives 24, 25 from the different groups of 3 fiber-drawing machines. Finally an inclined conveyor, not shown here, leads the felt formed outside the receiving pit.
  • the pitch has a slight tendency to elongate, all the more so as the grammage is low.
  • the horizontal conveyor must therefore be driven at a speed very slightly higher than the peripheral speed of the drums; depending on the grammage, the theoretical difference to be respected is between 0 and 1%.
  • FIG. 4 corresponds to a double reception in parallel associated with an assembly of the primitives by superposition in interlaced layers.
  • reception modules 30, 31 associated with lappers 32, 33 Each module is thus associated with a pendulum movement member supplied by a conveyor belt 34, 35, so that the primitive undergoes 2 consecutive changes of direction at 90 °.
  • the pendulum member 32 respectively 33 is constituted by two continuous bands 36, 37 between which pass the primitives.
  • the pendulum member 32 is connected by a system of connecting rod-crank to a drive motor communicating to it a pendulum movement, so that the primitive is deposited on a conveyor 38 in the form of layers of intertwined felt, said conveyor 38 having a direction of travel perpendicular to the initial direction of the primitives .
  • the continuous strips can also play a role of stretching the felt, a role which for receptions not provided with pendular members can advantageously be fulfilled by stretching mats or the roller 7 visible in FIG. 1.
  • the stretching makes it possible to '' avoid accumulation of felt in the hood.
  • the device of FIG. 4 allows the production of products whose grammage is for example greater than 10 kg per m2, while the device of FIG. 3 gives all satisfaction for the most common products whose grammage is for example close to 4000 g / m2, which is already considered for a glass wool insulation product as a heavy product.
  • the first test corresponds to a reception of the so-called strip fibers, which made it possible to define a reference base 100 for the total flow rate of the fumes to be aspirated and the total power dissipated at the level of the installation.
  • this smoke flow of 100% corresponds to a smoke flow (drawing gas and induced gases) from 360,000 to 450,000 Nm3 / hour.
  • Tests 2 and 3 correspond to receptions with two drums for each fiberizing machine, these receptions being or not isolated from each other to form separate modules.
  • the maximum depression that the felt undergoes is much lower than that of the reference test, and much lower than the value for which the first damage can be observed.
  • the total power dissipated is also lower, but the gain is not directly comparable to that recorded at the depressions, this due to the greater pressure losses due to the multiplication of ancillary equipment such as pipes, washers, etc. ..
  • test n ° 6 we find the same conditions from the point of view of the energy balance and again very low depression values - while having only two reception modules and therefore a much lower initial investment.
  • the first is a line to a traditional line, with a horizontal receiving band, but however meeting the criteria of claim 1, that is to say for which the collection areas are increasing in the direction of the increase in grammages, this growth being obtained by a progressive increase in the distances between the fiber-drawing machines;
  • this line comprises two reception modules formed by converging receiving bands (tests 7 and 9) the second line conforms to the diagram in FIG. 3. (tests 8 and 10).
  • Tests 7 and 8 concerned the manufacture of a felt with a grammage equal to 2500 g / m2, tests 9 and 10 at a grammage of 4000 g / m2, with in all cases 2 x 3 centrifuges through which a flow rate of 20 tonnes per day of molten glass is passed.
  • a last advantageous aspect of the invention is that it leads to the formation of relatively cold felts, this because the primitives are cooled in the open air before being recovered by the horizontal conveyor and especially because the suction is just as effective in the area of heavy weights as in the area of low weights, which prevents the accumulation of hot gases.
  • the products obtained according to the invention typically have a temperature at the entrance to the oven lower from 20 to 50 ° C. than that of the products according to the art, the greatest differences being observed for the heaviest products. This results in less pre-polymerization of the binder which leads to significantly improved mechanical strengths.
  • a lower temperature - associated with a higher initial thickness of the fibers which are not packed by the suction in the reception - bring a greater stability of the production in particular a greater constancy of thickness of the products, which which makes it possible to reduce non-functional excess thicknesses which are simply intended to guarantee the customer a given nominal thickness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Claims (28)

  1. Ablageverfahren zur Trennung von durch eine Mehrzahl von Zerfaserungseinheiten erzeugten Fasern und Gasen zum Zweck der Herstellung einer Mineralwollematte, bei dem die Fasern durch Absaugung der Gase aufgefangen werden, wobei jede Zerfaserungseinheit (i) eine eigene Auffangzone (Zi) aufweist, und die aufgefangenen Fasern durch ein oder mehrere Förderbänder, welche mehreren Auffangzonen (Zi) gemeinsam sind, aus der Auffangzone abtransportiert werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flächen der Auffangzonen (Zi) mit zunehmenden Flächengewichten auf diesen Förderbändern größer werden.
  2. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bahn der Förderbänder konvex ist.
  3. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern von zwei konvergierenden Förderbändern abtransportiert werden, sowie dadurch, daß die Flächen der Auffangzonen (Zi) in Richtung auf den Ort der endgültigen Formgebung des gemeinsamen Filzes hin größer werden.
  4. Ablageverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, da durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rückstaurate konstant ist.
  5. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeich net, daß die Rückstaurate gleich null ist.
  6. Ablageverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auffangzonen (Zi) aus Abschnitten von Förderbändern bestehen.
  7. Ablageverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, da durch gekennzeichnet, daß der auf den Filz ausgeübte Saugdruck für alle Auffangzonen (Zi) der gleiche ist.
  8. Ablageverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, da durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fallhöhe der Fasern je nach deren Zerfaserungseinheit unterschiedlich ist.
  9. Ablageverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, da durch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flächenzuwachs der Auffangzonen (Zi) durch eine Änderung des Neigungswinkels der Senkrechten zur Auffangfläche in Bezug auf die Drehachse der der Auffangfläche zugeordneten Zerfaserungseinheit erhalten wird.
  10. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flächenzuwachs der Auffangzonen (Zi) des weiteren durch eine Vergrößerung des Achsabstands zwischen zwei Zerfaserungseinheiten erreicht wird.
  11. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Flächenzuwachs der Auffangzonen des weiteren durch eine allmähliche Neigung der Drehachsen der Zerfaserungseinheiten erhalten wird.
  12. Ablageverfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Ziehen an der Primärmatte erfolgt, um ihr Herausziehen aus der Auffangzone zu unterstützen.
  13. Ablageverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, da durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zerfaserungseinheiten in Gruppen von beispielsweise drei oder vier Einheiten verteilt sind, wobei jeder Gruppe von Einheiten ein Ablagemodul entspricht.
  14. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ablagemodule in Reihe angeordnet sind.
  15. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ablagemodule parallel angeordnet sind.
  16. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von jedem Ablagemodul gebildeten Primärmatten durch Übereinanderlegen in parallelen Schichten zusammengestellt werden.
  17. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von jedem Ablagemodul gebildeten Primärmatten durch Übereinanderlegen in gekreuzten Schichten zusammengestellt werden.
  18. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Primärmatten durch Übereinanderlegen von mindestens sechs Schichten von gekreuzten Primärmatten zusammengestellt werden.
  19. Ablageverfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auffangflächen aus Trommeln bestehen.
  20. Ablageverfahren nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für jede Gruppe von drei Zerfaserungseinheiten ein Trommelpaar vorgesehen ist.
  21. Ablageverfahren für Mineralfasern nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mindestfallhöhe der Mineralfasern derart ist, daß die Auftreffgeschwindigkeit der Fasern auf den Trommeln weniger als 20 m/s beträgt.
  22. Ablageverfahren für Mineralfasern nach Anspruch 21,dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mindestfallhöhe zwischen 2500 und 5000 mm liegt.
  23. Ablagevorrichtung für Mineralfasern für Dämmzwecke, insbesondere Glasfasern, zur Trennung der Fasern und der Umgebungsgase unter den Zerfaserungseinheiten zum Zweck der Herstellung einer Mineralwollematte in gemeinsamer Anordnung mit jeder Gruppe von drei Zerfaserungseinheiten, wobei jede Zerfaserungseinheit (i) eine eigene Auffangzone (Zi) aufweist; die abgelegten Fasern durch ein oder mehrere Förderbänder, welche mehreren Auffangzonen (Zi) gemeinsam sind, aus der Auffangzone abtransportiert werden; eine Ablage von einem Fallschacht mit einem Paar von darin angeordneten, auf ihrer gesamten Umfangsfläche mit Lochungen versehenen Trommeln (21), welche mit Vorrichtungen zur Zentrierung und zum drehenden Antrieb ausgestattet sind, sowie innenliegenden Absaugkästen gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flächen der Auffangzonen (Zi) mit zunehmenden Flächengewichten auf diesen Förderbändern größer werden.
  24. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trommeln und die Absaugkästen mit Reinigungs- und Trocknungsausrüstungen ausgestattet sind.
  25. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 23 oder 24, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, daß sie des weiteren ein endloses Förderband aufweist, welches sich unter den einzelnen Trommeln befindet, von denen es die Primärmatten direkt übernimmt.
  26. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 23 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie des weiteren eine Bahnbildungsvorrichtung aufweist.
  27. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Trommel durch ein Rollenpaar angetrieben wird.
  28. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 23 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Ziehwalze einen leichten Zug auf die Primärmatte ausübt, bevor diese von dem endlosen Förderband aufgenommen wird.
EP90401839A 1989-06-29 1990-06-27 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Ablagerung von Mineralfasern Expired - Lifetime EP0406107B1 (de)

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