EP0405127A1 - Pneumatic motor - Google Patents

Pneumatic motor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0405127A1
EP0405127A1 EP90109490A EP90109490A EP0405127A1 EP 0405127 A1 EP0405127 A1 EP 0405127A1 EP 90109490 A EP90109490 A EP 90109490A EP 90109490 A EP90109490 A EP 90109490A EP 0405127 A1 EP0405127 A1 EP 0405127A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
rod
air motor
piston
piston rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90109490A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0405127B1 (en
Inventor
Ferdinand Dipl.-Ing. HTL. Gübeli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wagner International AG
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Wagner International AG
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Publication date
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Priority to AT90109490T priority Critical patent/ATE87707T1/en
Publication of EP0405127A1 publication Critical patent/EP0405127A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L25/00—Drive, or adjustment during the operation, or distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means
    • F01L25/02—Drive, or adjustment during the operation, or distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means by fluid means
    • F01L25/04—Drive, or adjustment during the operation, or distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means by fluid means by working-fluid of machine or engine, e.g. free-piston machine
    • F01L25/06—Arrangements with main and auxiliary valves, at least one of them being fluid-driven
    • F01L25/063—Arrangements with main and auxiliary valves, at least one of them being fluid-driven the auxiliary valve being actuated by the working motor-piston or piston-rod
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/001—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by one double acting piston motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F01B17/02—Engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L31/00—Valve drive, valve adjustment during operation, or other valve control, not provided for in groups F01L15/00 - F01L29/00
    • F01L31/02—Valve drive, valve adjustment during operation, or other valve control, not provided for in groups F01L15/00 - F01L29/00 with tripping-gear; Tripping of valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air motor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the timely switching of the compressed air inlets located on both sides of the engine piston takes place by means of a reversing valve attached to the side of the engine cylinder, the valve stem of which has two valve bodies and runs parallel to the direction of the engine piston movement and which goes back and forth via a cross lever from a shift rod running coaxially to the engine piston rod is moved.
  • the shift rod in turn is connected to the piston rod by means of a spring towing device in such a way that it is entrained by the latter in both directions of piston movement.
  • a spring snap device acts on this piston rod; which immediately before the two end positions of the engine piston of the shift rod transmits an accelerated movement leading the piston rod, with the result of an essentially sudden changeover of the reversing valve.
  • the spring snap device consists of spring-loaded switching cams attached to the housing, which are directed transversely to the switching rod towards the latter and can be displaced outwards against their spring loading by fingers on the switching rod.
  • the known known air motor works perfectly, but it has been shown that the friction between the switching cams and the displacement pins of the spring snap device leads to a comparatively rapid wear of the parts mentioned.
  • the accuracy of the snap processes also leaves something to be desired, especially after prolonged use of the air motor and the material fatigue of the switch cam springs that begins.
  • an air motor is known from EP 29 826, in which the shift rod runs parallel to and at a distance from the piston rod and is dragged by the piston rod by tension springs and acted upon by a spring snap device in the form of a wire spring clip.
  • a spring snap device in the form of a wire spring clip.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve the air motor of the type mentioned in such a way that the friction and thus the wear of the spring elements, in particular that of the spring snap device, are significantly reduced, but nevertheless an exact reversing process is ensured and with regard to the arrangement of Piston rod, shift rod and reversing valve to each other is given considerable design freedom.
  • the solution to this problem results from the characterizing features of patent claim 1.
  • the spring snap device according to the invention has the advantage that it is subject to only a small amount of friction and thus only a small amount of wear, is structurally small, compact and stable and can be used successfully regardless of whether the reversing valve is parallel or transverse to the engine cylinder or is arranged coaxially to the piston rod in an extension thereof.
  • the air motor according to FIGS. 1 to 3 has a housing designated as a whole by 10, the part 10 a of which is designed as an engine cylinder for an engine piston 11.
  • the engine piston 11 sliding in the engine cylinder 10a is provided with a piston rod 12 which is hollow.
  • Mounted laterally on the engine cylinder 10a is a reversing valve 13 which has a valve stem 14 with two valve bodies 16 and 17 running parallel to the piston rod 12.
  • the upper valve body 16 opens a compressed air inlet line 18 into the cylinder space above the piston 11 and the lower valve body 17 closes a lower compressed air inlet line 19 into the cylinder space below the engine piston 11 or vice versa.
  • the valve stem 14 is connected at its upper end to a cross lever 20, the other end of which is attached to a shift rod 21.
  • the shift rod 21 extends coaxially with the piston rod 12, projecting into the cavity of the piston rod.
  • Shift rod 21 and piston rod 12 are coupled together by a spring-towing connection, as best seen in the enlarged view section of Fig. 2 can be seen.
  • the spring-towing connection consists essentially of two sleeves 22 and 23 and a helical spring 24 connecting the sleeves.
  • the sleeves 22 and 23 are slidably seated on a tapered part 21a of the piston rod 21 and are loaded by the helical spring 24 against the end flanks of the tapered part 21a.
  • a spring snap device (FIG. 3A) is arranged, which essentially consists of two torsion springs 25 and 26 arranged diametrically to the piston rod 21 and rocker arms 27 and 28 assigned to them.
  • Each of the rocker arms 27, 28 consists of two cylinder bodies 27a, 27b and 28a, 28b, which are connected to one another by a plate-like web 27c and 28c (FIG. 3C).
  • each of the torsion springs 25, 26 consists of two coaxially arranged spring pieces, the inner ends (not shown) of which are fastened to the housing, and the outer ends of which represent the torsion ends already mentioned and in annular grooves of the lower rocker arm cylinder pieces 27a holding the rocker arms pivotally, grab.
  • the air motor works as follows:
  • the engine piston 11 is alternately inflowing at 18 and 19 (and not shown, known exhaust openings escaping) compressed air is subjected to an up and down movement, which can be transmitted via the piston rod 12 to an element to be driven, for example a pump piston.
  • the engine piston 11 is in its upper end position and the reversing valve 13 has already been switched over so that the valve stem 14 is in its upper position, in which the reversing valve 13 opens the inlet 18 and closes the lower inlet 19, whereby this 1 and 2, the piston 11 then begins to move downward as a result of the compressed air flowing in through the inlet line 18. This also moves the piston rod 12 downward, while the shift rod 21 still remains in its drawn upper end position.
  • the embodiment of the air motor according to FIG. 4 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 only in that the reversing valve is not mounted next to the engine cylinder 10a, but rather is located above it, thus switching rod 21 and valve stem 14 being combined into a one-piece rod are. This is to be indicated by the reference number 14, 21.
  • the spring snap device is now seated on this arrangement, the rocker arms 27, 28 loaded by the torsion springs 25, 26 engaging in recesses which are located in the combined valve switching rod 14, 21. Otherwise, this air motor corresponds completely to that of FIG. 1, so that a repeated explanation of the components and the mode of operation is unnecessary.
  • FIG. 1 the embodiment according to FIG.
  • the transverse lever 20 is omitted and the air motor can be made slimmer, even if its overall height slightly exceeds that of the air motor from FIG. 1. It is evident that the spring snap connection can be used without any difficulties both in air motors with a lateral reversing valve and with a coaxial reversing valve. Of course, the latter type exists also the possibility of arranging the spring snap device between the cylinder-piston unit 11, 12 and the reversing valve 13.
  • FIG. 5 shows a modified embodiment of the torsion springs 25, 26.
  • Each of the two springs 25, 26 is in one piece, holds the associated rocker arm with its two spring ends, and is fixed to the housing in its bent-out central region.
  • the rocker arm shown consists of three interconnected individual parts, namely the part 30 which articulates around the torsion end of the spring 25, the cylinder part 31 engaging in an annular groove of the shift rod 21 and the plate web connecting the parts 30 and 31.
  • the plate web 32 is made of metal, whereas the parts 30 and 31 consist of a plastic of suitable hardness and a suitable coefficient of friction. This can further reduce the friction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

A pneumatic motor with a piston (11) displaceable in a cylinder, a piston rod, a valve (13) reversing the driving compressed air, a switching rod (21), displaceable coaxially or in parallel to the piston rod (12), for switching over the reversing valve, and a spring snap-in device via which the piston rod (12) is in operative connection with the switching rod (21) is improved by the fact that the snap-in device consists of two torsion springs (25, 26) arranged diametrically opposite the switching rod (21) and in a manner fixed to the housing and of two rocker levers (27, 28). The rocker levers (27, 28) are hinged, on the one hand, on the free torsion end of the associated torsion spring (25, 26) and, on the other hand, on the switching rod (21). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Druckluftmotor gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an air motor according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei dem bekannten Druckluftmotor erfolgt die taktge­rechte Umschaltung der zu beiden Seiten des Motor­kolbens befindlichen Drucklufteinläße durch ein seitlich am Motorzylinder angebrachtes Umsteuerven­til, dessen zwei Ventilkörper aufweisender Ventil­schaft parallel zur Richtung der Motorkolbenbewegung verläuft und der über einen Querhebel von einer koaxial zur Motorkolbenstange verlaufenden Schalt­stange hin- und herbewegt wird. Die Schaltstange ihrerseits ist mittels einer Feder-Schleppvorrichtung derart mit der Kolbenstange verbunden, daß sie von dieser bei beiden Kolbenbewegungsrichtungen mitge­schleppt wird. Ausserdem greift an dieser Kolben­stange eine Feder-Schnappvorrichtung an; die un­mittelbar vor den beiden Endstellungen des Motor­kolbens der Schaltstange eine der Kolbenstange vor­eilende, beschleunigte Bewegung überträgt,mit der Folge eines im wesentlichen schlagartigen Umschaltens des Umsteuerventils. Die Feder-Schnappvorrichtung besteht dabei aus am Gehäuse angebrachten federbe­lasteten Schaltnocken, die quer zur Schaltstange auf diese hin gerichtet und durch an der Schaltstange befindliche Finger gegen ihre Federbelastung nach aussen verdrängbar sind.In the known compressed air engine, the timely switching of the compressed air inlets located on both sides of the engine piston takes place by means of a reversing valve attached to the side of the engine cylinder, the valve stem of which has two valve bodies and runs parallel to the direction of the engine piston movement and which goes back and forth via a cross lever from a shift rod running coaxially to the engine piston rod is moved. The shift rod in turn is connected to the piston rod by means of a spring towing device in such a way that it is entrained by the latter in both directions of piston movement. In addition, a spring snap device acts on this piston rod; which immediately before the two end positions of the engine piston of the shift rod transmits an accelerated movement leading the piston rod, with the result of an essentially sudden changeover of the reversing valve. The spring snap device consists of spring-loaded switching cams attached to the housing, which are directed transversely to the switching rod towards the latter and can be displaced outwards against their spring loading by fingers on the switching rod.

Der erläuterte bekannte Luftmotor arbeitet einwandfrei, jedoch hat sich gezeigt, daß die Reibung zwischen den Schaltnocken und den Verdrängerstiften der Feder-Schnapp­ vorrichtung zu einem vergleichsweise schnellen Ver­schleiß der erwähnten Teile führt. Auch läßt die Exaktheit der Schnappvorgänge zu wünschen übrig, insbesondere nach längerem Gebrauch des Luftmotors und damit beginnender Materialermüdung der Schalt­nockenfedern.The known known air motor works perfectly, but it has been shown that the friction between the switching cams and the displacement pins of the spring snap device leads to a comparatively rapid wear of the parts mentioned. The accuracy of the snap processes also leaves something to be desired, especially after prolonged use of the air motor and the material fatigue of the switch cam springs that begins.

Weiterhin ist aus der EP 29 826 ein Luftmotor be­kannt, bei dem die Schaltstange parallel mit Ab­stand zur Kolbenstange verläuft und durch Zugfedern von der Kolbenstange mitgeschleppt und durch eine Feder-Schnappvorrichtung in Form eines Drahtfeder­bügels beaufschlagt wird. Bei diesem Luftmotor er­folgt ein vergleichsweise schneller Verschleiß nicht nur an der Feder-Schnappvorrichtung, sondern auch an der Feder-Schleppvorrichtung; darüberhinaus sind diese Federanordnungen dann kaum verwendbar, wenn ein Luftmotor mit koaxial zur Kolbenstange verlaufender Schaltstange oder gar mit koaxial zur Kolbenstange an­geordnetem Umsteuerventil gewünscht wird.Furthermore, an air motor is known from EP 29 826, in which the shift rod runs parallel to and at a distance from the piston rod and is dragged by the piston rod by tension springs and acted upon by a spring snap device in the form of a wire spring clip. In this air motor, comparatively rapid wear occurs not only on the spring snap device but also on the spring drag device; moreover, these spring arrangements can hardly be used when an air motor with a shift rod running coaxial to the piston rod or even with a reversing valve arranged coaxially with the piston rod is desired.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, den Luftmotor der eingangs erwähnten Art so zu ver­bessern, daß die Reibung und damit der Verschleiß der Federelemente, insbesondere derjenigen der Feder-­Schnappvorrichtung, wesentlich verringert sind, trotzdem aber ein exakter Umsteuervorgang sicherge­stellt und bezüglich der Anordnung von Kolbenstange, Schaltstange und Umsteuerventil zueinander eine be­trächtliche Konstruktionsfreiheit gegeben ist. Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ergibt sich aus den kennzeich­nenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1.The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the air motor of the type mentioned in such a way that the friction and thus the wear of the spring elements, in particular that of the spring snap device, are significantly reduced, but nevertheless an exact reversing process is ensured and with regard to the arrangement of Piston rod, shift rod and reversing valve to each other is given considerable design freedom. The solution to this problem results from the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Feder-Schnappvorrichtung bietet den Vorteil, daß sie einer nur geringen Reibung und da­mit einem nur geringen Verschleiß unterworfen ist, konstruktiv klein, kompakt und stabil ist und mit Erfolg unabhängig davon eingesetzt werden kann, ob nun das Um­steuerventil parallel oder quer neben dem Motorzylinder oder koaxial zur Kolbenstange in Verlängerung derselben angeordnet ist.The spring snap device according to the invention has the advantage that it is subject to only a small amount of friction and thus only a small amount of wear, is structurally small, compact and stable and can be used successfully regardless of whether the reversing valve is parallel or transverse to the engine cylinder or is arranged coaxially to the piston rod in an extension thereof.

Zweckmässige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Appropriate embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

Anhand der Zeichnungen werden nachfolgend Ausführungs­formen der Erfindung beispielsweise dargestellt. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform des Luft­motors im Längsschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung aus Fig. 1 zur Erläuterung der Feder-­Schleppvorrichtung,
  • Fig. 3A in vergrößertem Maßstab die Feder-­Schnappvorrichtung des Luftmotors von Fig. 1 in einer gegenüber Fig. 1 um 90° gedrehten Stellung des Luft­motors, wobei sich die Feder-Schnapp­vorrichtung, wie bei Fig. 1, im oberen Totpunkt befindet,
  • Fig. 3B eine Ansicht gemäß Fig. 3A, wobei sich die Schnappvorrichtung im unteren Tot­punkt befindet.
  • Fig. 3C Die Schnappvorrichtung nach den Fig. 3A und 3B in Draufsicht,
  • Fig. 4 eine zweite Ausführungsform des Luft­motors im Längsschnitt,
  • Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine gegenüber Fig. 3C abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Feder-Schnappvorrichtung, und
  • Fig. 6 eine Skizze in Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Feder-­Schnappvorrichtung.
Embodiments of the invention are shown below with reference to the drawings, for example. Show it
  • 1 shows a first embodiment of the air motor in longitudinal section,
  • 2 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 1 to explain the spring towing device,
  • 3A on an enlarged scale the spring snap device of the air motor of FIG. 1 in a position of the air motor rotated by 90 ° with respect to FIG. 1, the spring snap device being at top dead center, as in FIG. 1,
  • 3B is a view according to FIG. 3A, the snap device being in the bottom dead center.
  • 3C, the snap device according to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B in top view,
  • 4 shows a second embodiment of the air motor in longitudinal section,
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of an embodiment of the spring snap device modified from Fig. 3C, and
  • Fig. 6 is a side view sketch of another embodiment of the spring snap device.

Der Luftmotor nach den Fig. 1 bis 3 weist ein im Ganzen mit 10 bezeichnetes Gehäuse auf, dessen Teil 10a als Motorzylinder für einen Motorkolben 11 ausgebildet ist. Der im Motorzylinder 10a gleitende Motorkolben 11 ist mit einer Kolbenstange 12 versehen, die hohl ausgebildet ist. Seitlich angebaut an den Motorzylinder 10a ist ein Umsteuerventil 13, das einen parallel zur Kolbenstange 12 verlaufenden Ventilschaft 14 mit zwei Ventilkörpern 16 und 17 aufweist. In den beiden Endpunkten der Auf- bzw. Abbewegung des Ventilschafts 14 öffnet der obere Ventilkörper 16 eine Drucklufteinlaß­leitung 18 in den Zylinderraum oberhalb des Kolbens 11 und schließt der untere Ventilkörper 17 eine untere Drucklufteinlaßleitung 19 in den Zylinderraum unterhalb des Motorkolbens 11 bzw. umgekehrt. Der Ventilschaft 14 ist an seinem oberen Ende mit einem Querhebel 20 ver­bunden, dessen anderes Ende an einer Schaltstange 21 befestigt ist. Die Schaltstange 21 verläuft koaxial zur Kolbenstange 12, wobei sie in den Hohlraum der Kolben­stange hineinragt. Schaltstange 21 und Kolbenstange 12 sind miteinander durch eine Feder-Schleppverbindung gekoppelt, wie dies am besten aus dem vergrößerten Aus­ schnitt von Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist. Dabei beisteht die Feder-Schleppverbindung im wesentlichen aus zwei Hülsen 22 und 23 und einer die Hülsen verbindenden Schraubenfeder 24. Die Hülsen 22 und 23 sitzen gleit­bar auf einem Verjüngungsteil 21a der Kolbenstange 21 und werden durch die Schraubenfeder 24 gegen die End­flanken desVerjüngungsteils21a belastet. Ferner ar­beiten die Hülsen 22, 23, wie später erläutert werden wird, mit Innenanschlägen 12a und 12b der Kolbenstange 12 zusammen. Im Befestigungsbereich des Hebels 20 an der Kolbenstange 21 ist eine Feder-Schnappvorrichtung (Fig.3A) angeordnet, die im wesentlichen aus zwei diametral zur Kolbenstange 21 gehäusefest angeordneten Torsionsfedern 25 und 26 und diesen zugeordneten Kipphebeln 27 und 28 besteht. Jeder der Kipphebel 27, 28 besteht aus zwei Zylinderkörpern 27a, 27b bzw. 28a, 28b, die durch einen plattenartigen Steg 27c bzw. 28c (Fig.3C) miteinander verbunden sind. Die oberen Zylinderkörper 27a, 28a greifen in gelenkpfannenartige Ausnehmungen des Quer­hebels 20 schwenkbar ein, die unteren Zylinderkörper 27b, 28b werden von den freien Enden der Torsionsfedern 25,26 schwenkbar gehaltert. Wie aus Fig. 3C ersichtlich ist, besteht jede der Torsionsfedern25,26 aus zwei koaxial aneinander gereihten Federstücken, deren Innenenden (nicht - gezeichnet) am Gehäuse befestigt sind, und deren Aussenenden die bereits erwähnten Torsionsenden darstellen und in Ringnuten der unteren Kipphebel-­Zylinderstücke 27a, die Kipphebel schwenkbar halternd, greifen.The air motor according to FIGS. 1 to 3 has a housing designated as a whole by 10, the part 10 a of which is designed as an engine cylinder for an engine piston 11. The engine piston 11 sliding in the engine cylinder 10a is provided with a piston rod 12 which is hollow. Mounted laterally on the engine cylinder 10a is a reversing valve 13 which has a valve stem 14 with two valve bodies 16 and 17 running parallel to the piston rod 12. At the two end points of the up and down movement of the valve stem 14, the upper valve body 16 opens a compressed air inlet line 18 into the cylinder space above the piston 11 and the lower valve body 17 closes a lower compressed air inlet line 19 into the cylinder space below the engine piston 11 or vice versa. The valve stem 14 is connected at its upper end to a cross lever 20, the other end of which is attached to a shift rod 21. The shift rod 21 extends coaxially with the piston rod 12, projecting into the cavity of the piston rod. Shift rod 21 and piston rod 12 are coupled together by a spring-towing connection, as best seen in the enlarged view section of Fig. 2 can be seen. The spring-towing connection consists essentially of two sleeves 22 and 23 and a helical spring 24 connecting the sleeves. The sleeves 22 and 23 are slidably seated on a tapered part 21a of the piston rod 21 and are loaded by the helical spring 24 against the end flanks of the tapered part 21a. Furthermore, the sleeves 22, 23, as will be explained later, cooperate with internal stops 12a and 12b of the piston rod 12. In the fastening area of the lever 20 on the piston rod 21, a spring snap device (FIG. 3A) is arranged, which essentially consists of two torsion springs 25 and 26 arranged diametrically to the piston rod 21 and rocker arms 27 and 28 assigned to them. Each of the rocker arms 27, 28 consists of two cylinder bodies 27a, 27b and 28a, 28b, which are connected to one another by a plate-like web 27c and 28c (FIG. 3C). The upper cylinder bodies 27a, 28a pivotably engage in socket-like recesses in the cross lever 20, the lower cylinder bodies 27b, 28b are pivotably supported by the free ends of the torsion springs 25,26. As can be seen from Fig. 3C, each of the torsion springs 25, 26 consists of two coaxially arranged spring pieces, the inner ends (not shown) of which are fastened to the housing, and the outer ends of which represent the torsion ends already mentioned and in annular grooves of the lower rocker arm cylinder pieces 27a holding the rocker arms pivotally, grab.

Der Luftmotor arbeitet folgendermaßen: Der Motorkolben 11 wird durch die abwechselnd bei 18 und bei 19 einströmende (und durch nicht - gezeichnete, bekannte Auslaßöffnungen entweichende) Druckluft einer Auf- und Abbewegung unterworfen, welche über die Kolbenstange 12 auf ein anzutreibendes Element, beispielsweise einen Pumpkolben, übertragen werden kann. Befindet sich nun beispielsweise der Motorkolben 11 in seiner oberen Endlage und ist das Umsteuerventil 13 be­reits so umgeschaltet worden, daß sich der Ventil­schaft 14 in seiner oberen Position befindet, in welcher das Umsteuerventil 13 den Einlaß 18 öffnet und den unteren Einlaß 19 schließt, wobei diese Situation in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellt ist, dann beginnt der Kolben 11 infolge der durch die Einlaß­leitung 18 einströmenden Druckluft sich nach unten zu bewegen. Damit bewegt sich auch die Kolbenstange 12 nach unten, während die Schaltstange 21 noch in ihrer gezeichneten oberen Endstellung verbleibt. Sobald jedoch der Anschlag 12a der Kolbenstange 12 den oberen Rand der Hülse 22 erreicht, ergibt sich, daß die Kolben­stange 12 nach einem gewissen Weg die Schaltstange 21 aufgrund der Feder 24 in Richtung nach unten "mitschleppt". Damit aber bewegt sich auch der starr mit der Schaltstange 21 verbundene Hebel 20 nach unten und nimmt dabei die Zylinderstücke 27a und 28a der Kipphebel 27 und 28 nach unten mit. Die Kipphebel 27 und 28 gelangen sodann in ihre instabile Position (Horizontalstellung) und schnappen daraufhin schlagartig in ihre untere Position, die in Fig. 3B dargestellt ist. Durch dieses schlagartige Umschnappen der Kipphebel 27,28 nach unten bewegt sich auch die Schaltstange 21 schlagartig nach unten in ihre untere Endlage, dabei der Kolben­stange 12 und dem Kolben 11 voreilend. Die Bewegung der Schaltstange 21 wird über den Hebel 20 auf den Ventilschaft 14 des Umsteuerventils 13 übertragen, das heißt, der Ventilschaft 14 bewegt sich ebenfalls schlagartig nach unten und schließt dabei die obere Einlaßleitung 18 und öffnet die untere Einlaßleitung 19, wobei dieser schnell ablaufende Umsteuervorgang durch­geführt wird, unmittelbar bevor der umzusteuernde Kolben 11 seine untere Endlage erreicht hat, zumindest aber gleichzeitig damit. Daraufhin läuft der geschilderte Vorgang in umgekehrter Reihenfolge ab, d.h., Kolben 11, Kolbenstange 12, Schaltstange 21 und Ventilschaft 14 werden wieder in die in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigte Posi­tion zurückgebracht.The air motor works as follows: The engine piston 11 is alternately inflowing at 18 and 19 (and not shown, known exhaust openings escaping) compressed air is subjected to an up and down movement, which can be transmitted via the piston rod 12 to an element to be driven, for example a pump piston. Now, for example, the engine piston 11 is in its upper end position and the reversing valve 13 has already been switched over so that the valve stem 14 is in its upper position, in which the reversing valve 13 opens the inlet 18 and closes the lower inlet 19, whereby this 1 and 2, the piston 11 then begins to move downward as a result of the compressed air flowing in through the inlet line 18. This also moves the piston rod 12 downward, while the shift rod 21 still remains in its drawn upper end position. However, as soon as the stop 12a of the piston rod 12 reaches the upper edge of the sleeve 22, it follows that the piston rod 12 "lugs" the switching rod 21 in a downward direction due to the spring 24. But this also moves the lever 20 rigidly connected to the shift rod 21 and takes the cylinder pieces 27a and 28a of the rocker arms 27 and 28 down with them. The rocker arms 27 and 28 then move into their unstable position (horizontal position) and then suddenly snap into their lower position, which is shown in FIG. 3B. As a result of this sudden snap-down of the rocker arms 27, 28, the shift rod 21 also moves suddenly down to its lower end position, leading the piston rod 12 and the piston 11. The movement of the shift rod 21 is transmitted via the lever 20 to the valve stem 14 of the reversing valve 13, that is, the valve stem 14 also moves suddenly downward and closes the upper inlet line 18 and opens the lower inlet line 19, this rapid reversing process being carried out immediately before the piston 11 to be reversed has reached its lower end position, but at least simultaneously with it . The process described then takes place in the reverse order, ie, piston 11, piston rod 12, switching rod 21 and valve stem 14 are returned to the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Die Ausführungsform des Luftmotors nach Fig. 4 unter­scheidet sich von derjenigen der Fig. 1 bis 3 lediglich dadurch, daß das Umsteuerventil nicht neben dem Motor­zylinder 10a angebracht ist, sich vielmehr über diesem befindet, wobei somit Schaltstange 21 und Ventilschaft 14 zu einer einstückigen Stange vereinigt sind. Dies soll durch das Bezugszeichen 14,21 angedeutet werden. Die Feder-Schnappvorrichtung sitzt nun auf dieser Anordnung, wobei die von den Torsionsfedern 25, 26 belasteten Kipp­hebel 27,28 in Ausnehmungen eingreifen, die sich in der kombinierten Ventil-Schaltstange 14,21 befinden. Im übrigen entspricht dieser Luftmotor vollständig dem­jenigen nach Fig. 1, so daß sich eine nochmalige Er­läuterung der Bauelemente und der Funktionsweise er­übrigt. Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4 entfällt der Querhebel 20 und der Luftmotor kann schlanker gebaut werden, wenn auch seine Bauhöhe diejenige des Luftmotors von Fig. 1 geringfügig übertrifft. Offensichtlich ist, daß die Feder-Schnappverbindung ohne jegliche Schwierig­keiten sowohl bei Luftmotoren mit seitlichem Umsteuer­ventil als auch mit koaxialem Umsteuerventil anwendbar ist. Bei letzterer Bauart besteht selbstverständlich auch die Möglichkeit, die Feder-Schnappvorrichtung zwischen der Zylinder-Kolben-Einheit 11, 12 und dem Umsteuerventil 13 anzuordnen.The embodiment of the air motor according to FIG. 4 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 only in that the reversing valve is not mounted next to the engine cylinder 10a, but rather is located above it, thus switching rod 21 and valve stem 14 being combined into a one-piece rod are. This is to be indicated by the reference number 14, 21. The spring snap device is now seated on this arrangement, the rocker arms 27, 28 loaded by the torsion springs 25, 26 engaging in recesses which are located in the combined valve switching rod 14, 21. Otherwise, this air motor corresponds completely to that of FIG. 1, so that a repeated explanation of the components and the mode of operation is unnecessary. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the transverse lever 20 is omitted and the air motor can be made slimmer, even if its overall height slightly exceeds that of the air motor from FIG. 1. It is evident that the spring snap connection can be used without any difficulties both in air motors with a lateral reversing valve and with a coaxial reversing valve. Of course, the latter type exists also the possibility of arranging the spring snap device between the cylinder-piston unit 11, 12 and the reversing valve 13.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine abgewandelte Ausführung der Torsionsfedern 25, 26. Jede der beiden Federn 25,26 ist einstückig, haltert mit ihren beiden Feder-enden den zugeordneten Kipphebel und ist in ihrem ausge­bogenen Mittelbereich gehäusefest gehaltert.5 shows a modified embodiment of the torsion springs 25, 26. Each of the two springs 25, 26 is in one piece, holds the associated rocker arm with its two spring ends, and is fixed to the housing in its bent-out central region.

Die Fig. 6 schließlich zeigt eine besonders zweck­mässige Gestaltung der Kipphebel. Der gezeichnete Kipphebel besteht aus drei miteinander verbundenen Einzelteilen, nämlich dem das Torsionsende der Feder 25 gelenkig umschließenden Teil 30, dem in eine Ringnut der Schaltstange 21 eingreifenden Zylinder­teil 31 und dem die Teile 30 und 31 verbindenden Plattensteg. Dabei ist der Plattensteg 32 aus Metall ausgeführt, wohingegen die Teile 30 und 31 aus einem Kunststoff geeigneter Härte und geeignetem Reibungs­koeffizienten bestehen. Damit kann die Reibung weiter vermindert werden.6 shows a particularly expedient design of the rocker arms. The rocker arm shown consists of three interconnected individual parts, namely the part 30 which articulates around the torsion end of the spring 25, the cylinder part 31 engaging in an annular groove of the shift rod 21 and the plate web connecting the parts 30 and 31. The plate web 32 is made of metal, whereas the parts 30 and 31 consist of a plastic of suitable hardness and a suitable coefficient of friction. This can further reduce the friction.

Selbstverständlich können die dargestellten und be­schriebenen Ausführungsformen zahlreiche Abwandlungen erfahren, ohne den Bereich der Erfindung zu verlassen. Dies betrifft insbesondere Form und Halterung der Torsionsfedern und der Kipphebel. Auch die Ausführung der Feder-Schleppvorrichtung kann konstruktiv modifi­ziert werden. Schließlich ist, wie bereits erwähnt, der Ort der Anbringung der Feder-Schnappvorrichtung innerhalb des Luftmotors nahezu frei wählbar.Of course, the illustrated and described embodiments can undergo numerous modifications without departing from the scope of the invention. This applies in particular to the shape and mounting of the torsion springs and the rocker arms. The design of the spring towing device can also be modified. Finally, as already mentioned, the location of the attachment of the spring snap device within the air motor can be selected almost freely.

Claims (5)

1. Druckluftmotor mit einem in einem Zylinder ver­schiebbaren Kolben, einer Kolbenstange, einem die Antriebsdruckluft umsteuernden Ventil, einer koaxial oder parallel zur Kolbenstange verschieb­baren Schaltstange zum Umsteuern des Umsteuerven­tils, einer Feder-Schleppvorrichtung, über welche die Kolbenstange mit der Schaltstange in Wirkver­bindung steht, und mit einer an der Schaltstange angreifenden Feder-Schnappvorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schnappvorrichtung aus zwei diametral zur Schaltstange (21) gehäusefest angeordneten Torsionsfedern (25,26) und zwei Kipp­hebeln (27,28) besteht, wobei die Kipphebel (27,28) einerseits am freien Torsionsende der zugehörigen Torsionsfeder (25,26) und andererseits an der Schaltstange (21) angelenkt sind.1.A compressed air motor with a piston which can be displaced in a cylinder, a piston rod, a valve which reverses the drive compressed air, a shift rod which can be displaced coaxially or parallel to the piston rod for reversing the reversing valve, a spring-type drag device via which the piston rod is operatively connected to the shift rod, and With a spring snap device acting on the shift rod, characterized in that the snap device consists of two torsion springs (25, 26) arranged diametrically to the shift rod (21) and two rocker arms (27, 28), the rocker arms (27, 28) are articulated on the one hand on the free torsion end of the associated torsion spring (25, 26) and on the other hand on the shift rod (21). 2. Luftmotor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß jeder Kipphebel (27,28) aus zwei im wesentlichen zylindrischen Gelenkköpfen (27a, 27b; 28a, 28b) und einem diese verbindenden, plattenförmigen Steg (27c, 28c) besteht.2. Air motor according to claim 1, characterized in that each rocker arm (27, 28) consists of two substantially cylindrical joint heads (27a, 27b; 28a, 28b) and a plate-shaped web (27c, 28c) connecting them. 3. Luftmotor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß die Kipphebel-Gelenkköpfe (27a, 27b; 28a, 28b) aus Kunststoff niedrigen Reibungs­koeffizienten und die Plattenstege (27 c, 28c) aus Metall bestehen.3. Air motor according to claim 2, characterized in that the rocker arm joint heads (27a, 27b; 28a, 28b) made of plastic low coefficient of friction and the plate webs (27 c, 28c) consist of metal. 4. Luftmotor nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß jede Torsionsfeder aus zwei koaxial nebeneinander angeordneten Einzelfeldern besteht, wobei die beiden äusseren Federenden die freien Torsionsenden sind.4. Air motor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each torsion spring consists of two coaxially arranged individual fields, the two outer spring ends being the free torsion ends. 5. Luftmotor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Feder-Schlepp­vorrichtung aus zwei gleitbar auf der Schaltstange (21) gelangerten Hülsen (22,23) und einer die Hülsen voneinander weg belastenden Schraubenfeder (24) besteht.5. Air motor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spring-towing device consists of two slidably on the shift rod (21) elongated sleeves (22,23) and a sleeve spring loading the sleeves away from each other (24).
EP90109490A 1989-06-28 1990-05-18 Pneumatic motor Expired - Lifetime EP0405127B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90109490T ATE87707T1 (en) 1989-06-28 1990-05-18 AIR MOTOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3921214A DE3921214A1 (en) 1989-06-28 1989-06-28 COMPRESSED AIR MOTOR
DE3921214 1989-06-28

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EP0405127B1 EP0405127B1 (en) 1993-03-31

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4032970A1 (en) * 1990-10-17 1992-04-23 Wagner Int COMPRESSED AIR MOTOR

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0143428A2 (en) * 1983-11-24 1985-06-05 WIWA WILHELM WAGNER GMBH &amp; CO. KG Air motor for paint spraying devices, lubricant pumps and the like
US4651583A (en) * 1985-04-16 1987-03-24 Nippon Cable System, Inc. Locking mechanism

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2261323B2 (en) * 1972-12-15 1974-11-21 Specken Ag, Zuerich (Schweiz) Air motor
DE3703529A1 (en) * 1987-02-06 1988-08-25 Rudolf Dipl Ing Goldin Reciprocating piston engine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0143428A2 (en) * 1983-11-24 1985-06-05 WIWA WILHELM WAGNER GMBH &amp; CO. KG Air motor for paint spraying devices, lubricant pumps and the like
US4651583A (en) * 1985-04-16 1987-03-24 Nippon Cable System, Inc. Locking mechanism

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EP0405127B1 (en) 1993-03-31
ATE87707T1 (en) 1993-04-15
DE3921214A1 (en) 1991-01-10
DE3921214C2 (en) 1991-07-04

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