EP0761935A2 - Variable valve driving gear, particularly for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Variable valve driving gear, particularly for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0761935A2
EP0761935A2 EP96110558A EP96110558A EP0761935A2 EP 0761935 A2 EP0761935 A2 EP 0761935A2 EP 96110558 A EP96110558 A EP 96110558A EP 96110558 A EP96110558 A EP 96110558A EP 0761935 A2 EP0761935 A2 EP 0761935A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
lever
camshaft
axis
roller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96110558A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0761935A3 (en
EP0761935B1 (en
Inventor
Gert Fischer
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of EP0761935A2 publication Critical patent/EP0761935A2/en
Publication of EP0761935A3 publication Critical patent/EP0761935A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio

Definitions

  • the invention is based on the preamble of claim 1 from DE-A 42 26 163.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a generic valve train such that a conventional valve lift can be reduced continuously to predetermined low stroke values.
  • the essence of the invention is that the roller in the position area near the valve lever axis by means of the adjusting lever controlled in a predetermined arrangement does not perform a relative movement to the valve lever which reduces the stroke, while the roller in the position area remote from the valve lever axis by means of the adjusting lever controlled in another arrangement by means of its pivoting movement counteracts a stroke-reducing relative movement Valve lever and control cam executes.
  • the advantage of the invention is a continuous stroke adjustment over a range of, for example, 10 mm down to approximately 2 mm valve stroke.
  • an adjustment device which is simple in construction and takes up little space is achieved by an arc-shaped displacement path for the rotary joint, the center of curvature of a preferably circular path being on an axis parallel to the camshaft, at least parallel to the axis of rotation of the camshaft.
  • An advantageously small space requirement or space requirement is achieved in a further embodiment in that - seen in plan view - an axially parallel drive shaft of the adjusting device is provided between the camshaft axis of rotation and a valve lever axis, which drives the drive of a control lever partially encompassing the camshaft with outdoors End region arranged pivot joint for the adjusting lever, and which the pivot joint is displaced in a controlled manner via the control lever along an arc path between an end position above the camshaft and an end position below the camshaft.
  • the roller guide in / on the valve lever is concentric with the axis of rotation of the camshaft, the roller guide merging into a straight line and / or an oppositely curved arc toward the free end of the valve lever in order to further reduce the stroke.
  • a structurally simple and stable design of a part of the adjusting device is further achieved in that the drive shaft of the adjusting device is arranged on the machine side between identical lift valves, and on both sides of this bearing is in a rotationally fixed connection with a control lever in each case, the control levers on a common bolt the two Have swivel joints for the adjustment lever.
  • control levers are each assigned a U-shaped adjusting lever, each adjusting lever having the respective roller rotatably mounted between the free end regions of its arc-shaped legs adapted to the camshaft.
  • the invention is preferably used in a valve train with valve levers designed as rocker arms, the rocker arms being in drive connection with the respective globe valve via hydraulic valve play compensation elements.
  • the clearance compensation element to be retained advantageously in a rocker arm in the usual arrangement also serves to compensate in the roller guides.
  • the variably designed valve train according to the invention can advantageously be used with two identical lift valves serving as intake valves for two adjacent cylinders of an internal combustion engine.
  • this gives the possibility of additionally equipping each cylinder with an inlet valve controlled in the usual way.
  • the controlled according to the invention on minimum stroke serves the first inlet valve of the mixture homogenization and / or an internal exhaust gas recirculation
  • the second inlet valve on the other hand, which opens later and up to the full stroke, is suitable for the desired filling of the combustion chamber.
  • the valve train according to the invention can advantageously be used for lean operation of an internal combustion engine.
  • variable valve drive Since the above-described mechanism of the variable valve drive according to the invention is connected in parallel to the main power connection via camshaft, roller, valve lever and spring-loaded lift valve, the forces acting in the control and adjusting lever are relatively low, so that a relatively poor-performing drive motor is sufficient for the adjusting device.
  • a variable valve train 1 for an internal combustion engine, not shown, a variable valve train 1 is shown, in which a control cam 2 of a camshaft 3 acts via an intermediate roller 4 on a rocker arm 6 movable about an axis 5 for actuating a lift valve serving as an inlet valve 7.
  • the roller 4 can be displaced in a controlled manner along a guide 8 on the valve lever or rocker arm 6 by means of a pivotable adjusting lever 9 of an adjusting device 10 arranged on the machine side between a position region 11 near the valve lever axis and a position region 12 remote from the valve lever axis.
  • the joint 13 of the adjustment lever 9 common with the adjustment device 10 is longitudinal by means of the adjustment device 10 a track 14 in a plane essentially perpendicular to the camshaft 3 so that it can be displaced in a controlled manner such that the adjusting lever 9 swivels the roller 4 in the position area 11 near the valve lever axis between control cam 2 and rocker arm 6 in the direction of the maximum cam elevation and that the adjusting lever 9 moves the roller 4 in the position area remote from the valve lever axis 12 leads along the guide 8 on the rocker arm 6 pivoting transversely to the cam elevation.
  • the displacement path 14 of the swivel joint 13 is in the form of an arc of a circle, the center of the circle of the path 14 lying on a provided parallel line 16 between the valve lever axis 5 and the camshaft axis of rotation 15, as seen in the end view of the valve drive 1 .
  • an aligned drive shaft 17 of the adjusting device 10 is provided with this parallel 16 between the axis of rotation 15 of the camshaft 3 and the valve lever axis 5.
  • the drive shaft 17 is used to drive the camshaft 3 partially encompassing control levers 18 with pivot joints 13 arranged in the free end regions for the adjusting lever 9.
  • the pivot joints 13 are via the control lever 18 along an arc path 14 between an end position above the Camshaft 3 - Figure 2 - and an end position below the camshaft 3 - Figure 3 - shifted in a controlled manner to achieve a stroke change against minimum values.
  • roller guide 8 on the rocker arm 6 is concentric with the axis of rotation 15 of the camshaft 3, which can merge into a straight line and / or an oppositely curved arc for further stroke lowering towards the free valve lever end.
  • the drive shaft 17 of the adjusting device 10 is arranged on the machine side between two identical lift valves 7 and is on both sides of this storage with control levers 18 in a rotationally fixed connection, the control levers 18 having the two pivot joints 13 for the adjusting lever 9 on a common bolt 19.
  • Figure 1 further shows that the control levers 18 are assigned U-shaped adjustment levers 9, each adjustment lever 9 having the respective roller 4 rotatably mounted between the free end regions of its legs 20 which are designed to partially encircle the camshaft 3.
  • each roller 4 cooperates with its outer ring 21 with the respective control cam 2 of the camshaft 3, while it is connected to the guides 8 of the respective rocker arm 6 via their pin sections 22 in a rolling or sliding connection.
  • each roller 4 is arranged securely in the respective adjusting lever 9 in its leg 20.
  • rollers 4 arranged on the adjusting levers 9 interact with rocker arms 6, which are preferably connected to the respective lift valve 7 by means of hydraulic valve lash compensation elements 24.
  • a return spring (not shown) for each lifting valve 7 causes the roller 4 to rest against the control cam 2 via the respective rocker arm 6.
  • a spring element supporting this system and correspondingly engaging the adjusting lever 9 is provided .
  • This spring element which is preferably provided as a leg spring 25 between the adjusting lever 9 and the control lever 18, can be designed for an amount of the above-mentioned return spring, the design of which is or can be reduced by this amount.
  • the variably designed valve train 1 can advantageously be used with two identical lift valves 7 serving as inlet valves for two adjacent cylinders, not shown, of an internal combustion engine.
  • this gives the possibility of additionally assigning an intake valve controlled in the usual manner to each cylinder equipped with an intake valve 7 which is variable according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a setting lever (9) with a pivot joint (13) on a setting device (10). The joint is moved by the setting device along a path in a plane, which is at right angles to the camshaft (3). Due to this, the lever moves a roller (4) in the position area (11) close to the valve lever axis, between a control cam (2) and a valve lever (6) in a direction towards max. lifting of the control cam. In a position area (12) away from the valve lever axis, the lever moves the roller along a guide (8) in/on the valve lever at right angles to the cam lift of the control cam.

Description

Die Erfindung geht gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 von der DE-A 42 26 163 aus.The invention is based on the preamble of claim 1 from DE-A 42 26 163.

Bei diesem bekannten Ventiltrieb wird zur Änderung der Ventilsteuerzeit und des Ventilhubverlaufes das Übersetzungsverhältnis des jeweiligen Ventilhebels durch eine gesteuerte Verlagerung der Rolle in Ventilhebel-Längsrichtung geändert. Bei einem üblichen Ventilhub von ca. 8 bis 10 mm sind jedoch mit der bekannten Ventilhubänderung keine Minimalhübe von ca. 2 mm für ein Einlaßventil zur effektiven Homogenisierung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches zu erreichen.In this known valve train, the transmission ratio of the respective valve lever is changed by a controlled displacement of the roller in the longitudinal direction of the valve lever in order to change the valve timing and the valve stroke. With a conventional valve stroke of approximately 8 to 10 mm, however, with the known valve stroke change, no minimum strokes of approximately 2 mm can be achieved for an inlet valve for the effective homogenization of the fuel-air mixture.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgemäß gestalteten Ventiltrieb derart weiterzubilden, daß ein üblicher Ventilhub stufenlos bis auf vorbestimmt geringe Hubwerte reduziert werden kann.The invention has for its object to develop a generic valve train such that a conventional valve lift can be reduced continuously to predetermined low stroke values.

Diese Aufgabe ist mit dem Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Der Kern der Erfindung ist, daß die Rolle im ventilhebelachsnahen Positionsbereich mittels des in eine vorbestimmte Anordnung gesteuerten Verstellhebels keine hubmindernd wirksame Relativbewegung zum Ventilhebel ausführt, während die Rolle im ventilhebelachsfernen Positionsbereich mittels des in eine andere Anordnung gesteuerten Verstellhebels durch dessen Schwenkbewegung eine hubreduzierende Relativbewegung gegenüber Ventilhebel und Steuernocken ausführt. Der Vorteil der Erfindung ist eine stufenlose Hubverstellung über einen Bereich von z.B. 10 mm bis herab zu etwa 2 mm Ventilhub.This object is achieved with patent claim 1. The essence of the invention is that the roller in the position area near the valve lever axis by means of the adjusting lever controlled in a predetermined arrangement does not perform a relative movement to the valve lever which reduces the stroke, while the roller in the position area remote from the valve lever axis by means of the adjusting lever controlled in another arrangement by means of its pivoting movement counteracts a stroke-reducing relative movement Valve lever and control cam executes. The advantage of the invention is a continuous stroke adjustment over a range of, for example, 10 mm down to approximately 2 mm valve stroke.

Da die erfindungsgemäße Hubverstellung kinematisch mit einer Änderung der Nockenspreizung einhergeht, ergibt sich als weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil eine weit vor dem Kolben-OT mögliche Öffnung eines auf Minimalhub gesteuerten Einlaßventiles. In Verbindung mit einem z.B. in üblicher Weise gesteuerten Einlaßventil ist in einem mehrventiligen Brennraum mit einem erfindungsgemäß gesteuerten Einlaßventil eine effektive Homogenisierung des angesaugten Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches einerseits bei einer hohen Gasdynamik andererseits erzielt.Since the stroke adjustment according to the invention is kinematically accompanied by a change in the cam spread, there is a further significant advantage of an opening of an inlet valve controlled on the minimum stroke, which is possible well before the piston TDC. In connection with e.g. In a conventionally controlled inlet valve, an effective homogenization of the inducted fuel-air mixture is achieved on the one hand with high gas dynamics on the other hand in a multi-valve combustion chamber with an inlet valve controlled according to the invention.

Eine im Aufbau einfache Verstellvorrichtung bei geringem Platzbedarf ist in Ausgestaltung der Erfindung durch eine bogenförmig gestaltete Verlagerungs-Bahn für das Drehgelenk erreicht, wobei der Krümmungsmittelpunkt einer bevorzugt kreisbogenförmigen Bahn auf einer zumindest zur Drehachse der Nockenwelle parallelen, nockenwellennahen Achse liegt. Mit der Wahl der Lage des Krümmungsmittelpunktes auf einer anderen Achse lassen sich Spreizungs- und Hubvariation in ihrer gegenseitigen Zuordnung frei wählen.In the embodiment of the invention, an adjustment device which is simple in construction and takes up little space is achieved by an arc-shaped displacement path for the rotary joint, the center of curvature of a preferably circular path being on an axis parallel to the camshaft, at least parallel to the axis of rotation of the camshaft. With the choice of the position of the center of curvature on a different axis, spread and stroke variation in their mutual assignment can be freely selected.

Ein vorteilhaft geringer Platzbedarf bzw. Raumbedarf ist in weiterer Ausgestaltung dadurch erreicht, daß - in Draufsicht gesehen - zwischen der Nockenwellen-Drehachse und einer Ventilhebelachse eine zu diesen achsparallele Antriebswelle der Verstellvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, die dem Antrieb eines die Nockenwelle teilumgreifend gestalteten Steuerhebels mit im freien Endbereich angeordnetem Drehgelenk für den Verstellhebel dient, und die das Drehgelenk über den Steuerhebel längs einer Kreisbogen-Bahn zwischen einer Endstellung oberhalb der Nockenwelle und einer Endstellung unterhalb der Nockenwelle gesteuert verlagert.An advantageously small space requirement or space requirement is achieved in a further embodiment in that - seen in plan view - an axially parallel drive shaft of the adjusting device is provided between the camshaft axis of rotation and a valve lever axis, which drives the drive of a control lever partially encompassing the camshaft with outdoors End region arranged pivot joint for the adjusting lever, and which the pivot joint is displaced in a controlled manner via the control lever along an arc path between an end position above the camshaft and an end position below the camshaft.

Mit der Endstellung des Drehgelenkes oberhalb der Nockenwelle ist auf einfache Weise durch die damit erfindungsgemäß festgelegte Schwenkrichtung des Verstellhebels eine hubmindernde Relativbewegung der Rolle gegenüber dem jeweiligen Ventilhebel im wesentlichen unterbunden. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Endstellung des Drehgelenkes unterhalb der Nockenwelle bewirkt der verschwenkbare Verstellhebel eine hubreduzierende Relativbewegung der Rolle gegenüber Ventilhebel und Steuernocken durch Verlagerung der Rolle in Richtung freies Ventilhebelende.With the end position of the swivel joint above the camshaft, a stroke-reducing relative movement of the roller relative to the respective valve lever is substantially prevented by the pivoting direction of the adjusting lever which is thus defined according to the invention. With the end position according to the invention of the swivel joint below the camshaft, the swivel effect Adjusting lever a stroke-reducing relative movement of the roller compared to valve lever and control cam by moving the roller towards the free valve lever end.

Aus kinematischen Gründen ist die Rollen-Führung im/am Ventilhebel zur Drehachse der Nockenwelle konzentrisch gestaltet, wobei zur weiteren Hubreduzierung die Rollen-Führung zum freien Ventilhebelende hin in eine Gerade und/oder in einen entgegengesetzt gekrümmten Bogen übergeht.For kinematic reasons, the roller guide in / on the valve lever is concentric with the axis of rotation of the camshaft, the roller guide merging into a straight line and / or an oppositely curved arc toward the free end of the valve lever in order to further reduce the stroke.

Eine baulich einfache und stabile Ausgestaltung eines Teiles der Verstellvorrichtung ist weiter dadurch erreicht, daß die Antriebswelle der Verstellvorrichtung zwischen gleichartigen Hubventilen maschinenseitig gelagert angeordnet ist, und beiderseits dieser Lagerung mit jeweils einem Steuerhebel in drehfester Verbindung steht, wobei die Steuerhebel an einem gemeinsamen Bolzen die beiden Drehgelenke für die Verstellhebel aufweisen.A structurally simple and stable design of a part of the adjusting device is further achieved in that the drive shaft of the adjusting device is arranged on the machine side between identical lift valves, and on both sides of this bearing is in a rotationally fixed connection with a control lever in each case, the control levers on a common bolt the two Have swivel joints for the adjustment lever.

Eine vorteilhaft sichere Führung der jeweiligen Rolle ist in weiterer Ausgestaltung dadurch erreicht, daß den beiden Steuerhebeln jeweils ein U-förmig gestalteter Verstellhebel zugeordnet ist, wobei jeder Verstellhebel zwischen den freien Endbereichen seiner bogenförmig der Nockenwelle angepaßten Schenkel die jeweilige Rolle drehbeweglich gelagert aufweist.An advantageous safe guidance of the respective roller is achieved in a further embodiment in that the two control levers are each assigned a U-shaped adjusting lever, each adjusting lever having the respective roller rotatably mounted between the free end regions of its arc-shaped legs adapted to the camshaft.

Die Erfindung findet bevorzugt Anwendung bei einem Ventiltrieb mit als Kipphebel gestalteten Ventilhebeln, wobei die Kipphebel über hydraulische Ventilspielausgleichselemente mit dem jeweiligen Hubventil in Antriebsverbindung stehen. Das vorteilhafterweise bei einem Kipphebel in üblicher Anordnung beizubehaltende Spielausgleichselement dient hierbei ferner dem Ausgleich in den Rollen-Führungen.The invention is preferably used in a valve train with valve levers designed as rocker arms, the rocker arms being in drive connection with the respective globe valve via hydraulic valve play compensation elements. The clearance compensation element to be retained advantageously in a rocker arm in the usual arrangement also serves to compensate in the roller guides.

Der erfindungsgemäß variabel gestaltete Ventiltrieb ist vorteilhaft anwendbar bei zwei gleichartigen, als Einlaßventile dienenden Hubventilen für zwei benachbarte Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine. Dies ergibt in weiterer Ausgestaltung die Möglichkeit, jeden Zylinder zusätzlich mit einem in üblicher Weise gesteuerten Einlaßventil auszurüsten. Während das erfindungsgemäß auf Minimalhub gesteuerte erste Einlaßventil der Gemischhomogenisierung und/oder einer internen Abgasrückführung dient, eignet sich das demgegenüber später und bis zum vollen Hub öffnende zweite Einlaßventil der gewünschten Füllung des Brennraumes. Bei Zuführung lediglich von Luft über das zweite Einlaßventil kann der erfindungsgemäße Ventiltrieb vorteilhaft für einen Magerbetrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine Anwendung finden.The variably designed valve train according to the invention can advantageously be used with two identical lift valves serving as intake valves for two adjacent cylinders of an internal combustion engine. In a further embodiment, this gives the possibility of additionally equipping each cylinder with an inlet valve controlled in the usual way. While the controlled according to the invention on minimum stroke serves the first inlet valve of the mixture homogenization and / or an internal exhaust gas recirculation, the second inlet valve, on the other hand, which opens later and up to the full stroke, is suitable for the desired filling of the combustion chamber. When only air is supplied via the second inlet valve, the valve train according to the invention can advantageously be used for lean operation of an internal combustion engine.

Da der vorbeschriebene Mechanismus des erfindungsgemäßen variablen Ventiltriebes parallel zum Hauptkraftschluß über Nockenwelle, Rolle, Ventilhebel und federbelasteten Hubventil geschaltet ist, sind die im Steuer- und Verstellhebel wirksamen Kräfte relativ gering, so daß für die Verstellvorrichtung ein relativ leistungsschwacher Antriebsmotor genügt.Since the above-described mechanism of the variable valve drive according to the invention is connected in parallel to the main power connection via camshaft, roller, valve lever and spring-loaded lift valve, the forces acting in the control and adjusting lever are relatively low, so that a relatively poor-performing drive motor is sufficient for the adjusting device.

Die Erfindung ist anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben. Es zeigt

Figur 1
einen in teilweise Explosionsdarstellung gezeigten variablen Ventiltrieb für zwei Hubventile,
Figur 2
eine im ventilhebelachsnahen Positionsbereich durch die erfindungsgemäße Verstellvorrichtung zwischen Steuernocken und Kipphebel für einen Maximalhub geführte Rolle und
Figur 3
die in einem ventilhebelachsfernen Positionsbereich durch die Verstellvorrichtung gehaltene Rolle für einen Minimalhub.
The invention is described on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment. It shows
Figure 1
a variable valve train shown in partial exploded view for two globe valves,
Figure 2
a roller in the position near the valve lever axis by the adjusting device according to the invention between the control cam and rocker arm for a maximum stroke and
Figure 3
the roller held in a position area remote from the valve lever axis by the adjusting device for a minimum stroke.

Für eine nicht gezeigte Brennkraftmaschine ist ein variabler Ventiltrieb 1 dargestellt, bei dem ein Steuernocken 2 einer Nockenwelle 3 über eine zwischengeschaltete Rolle 4 auf einen um eine Achse 5 beweglichen Kipphebel 6 zur Betätigung eines als Einlaßventil 7 dienenden Hubventils einwirkt. Die Rolle 4 ist längs einer Führung 8 am Ventilhebel bzw. Kipphebel 6 mittels eines schwenkbeweglichen Verstellhebels 9 einer maschinenseitig angeordneten Verstellvorrichtung 10 zwischen einem ventilhebelachsnahen Positionsbereich 11 und einem ventilhebelachsfernen Positionsbereich 12 gesteuert verlagerbar.For an internal combustion engine, not shown, a variable valve train 1 is shown, in which a control cam 2 of a camshaft 3 acts via an intermediate roller 4 on a rocker arm 6 movable about an axis 5 for actuating a lift valve serving as an inlet valve 7. The roller 4 can be displaced in a controlled manner along a guide 8 on the valve lever or rocker arm 6 by means of a pivotable adjusting lever 9 of an adjusting device 10 arranged on the machine side between a position region 11 near the valve lever axis and a position region 12 remote from the valve lever axis.

Zur Erzielung einer stufenlosen Verstellung des Hubes eines Einlaßventiles 7 von einem üblichen Hubbereich von ca. 8 bis 10 mm auf einen minimalen Hubbereich von ca. 2 bis 1 mm ist erfindungsgemäß das mit der Verstellvorrichtung 10 gemeinsame Drehgelenk 13 des Verstellhebels 9 mittels der Verstellvorrichtung 10 längs einer Bahn 14 in einer im wesentlichen zur Nockenwelle 3 senkrechten Ebene derart gesteuert verlagerbar, daß der Verstellhebel 9 die Rolle 4 im ventilhebelachsnahen Positionsbereich 11 zwischen Steuernocken 2 und Kipphebel 6 in Richtung maximale Nockenerhebung schwenkend führt und daß der Verstellhebel 9 die Rolle 4 im ventilhebelachsfernen Positionsbereich 12 längs der Führung 8 am Kipphebel 6 quer zur Nockenerhebung schwenkend führt.In order to achieve a continuous adjustment of the stroke of an intake valve 7 from a usual stroke range of approx. 8 to 10 mm to a minimum stroke range of approx. 2 to 1 mm, according to the invention the joint 13 of the adjustment lever 9 common with the adjustment device 10 is longitudinal by means of the adjustment device 10 a track 14 in a plane essentially perpendicular to the camshaft 3 so that it can be displaced in a controlled manner such that the adjusting lever 9 swivels the roller 4 in the position area 11 near the valve lever axis between control cam 2 and rocker arm 6 in the direction of the maximum cam elevation and that the adjusting lever 9 moves the roller 4 in the position area remote from the valve lever axis 12 leads along the guide 8 on the rocker arm 6 pivoting transversely to the cam elevation.

Zur Erzielung einer kinematisch einfachen Verstellungvorrichtung 10 ist die Verlagerungs-Bahn 14 des Drehgelenkes 13 kreisbogenförmig, wobei der Kreismittelpunkt der Bahn 14 auf einer zwischen der Ventilhebelachse 5 und der Nockenwellen-Drehachse 15 - in Stirnansicht des Ventiltriebes 1 gesehen - auf einer vorgesehenen Parallelen 16 liegt. In Draufsicht gesehen ist mit dieser Parallelen 16 zwischen der Drehachse 15 der Nockenwelle 3 und der Ventilhebelachse 5 eine fluchtende Antriebswelle 17 der Verstellvorrichtung 10 vorgesehen. Die Antriebswelle 17 dient dem Antrieb von die Nockenwelle 3 teilumgreifend gestalteten Steuerhebeln 18 mit in den freien Endbereichen angeordneten Drehgelenken 13 für die Verstellhebel 9. Mit der Antriebswelle 17 sind die Drehgelenke 13 über die Steuerhebel 18 längs einer Kreisbogen-Bahn 14 zwischen einer Endstellung oberhalb der Nockenwelle 3 - Figur 2 - und einer Endstellung unterhalb der Nockenwelle 3 - Figur 3 - gesteuert verlagert zur Erzielung einer Hubveränderung gegen Minimalwerte.In order to achieve a kinematically simple adjustment device 10, the displacement path 14 of the swivel joint 13 is in the form of an arc of a circle, the center of the circle of the path 14 lying on a provided parallel line 16 between the valve lever axis 5 and the camshaft axis of rotation 15, as seen in the end view of the valve drive 1 . Seen in plan view, an aligned drive shaft 17 of the adjusting device 10 is provided with this parallel 16 between the axis of rotation 15 of the camshaft 3 and the valve lever axis 5. The drive shaft 17 is used to drive the camshaft 3 partially encompassing control levers 18 with pivot joints 13 arranged in the free end regions for the adjusting lever 9. With the drive shaft 17, the pivot joints 13 are via the control lever 18 along an arc path 14 between an end position above the Camshaft 3 - Figure 2 - and an end position below the camshaft 3 - Figure 3 - shifted in a controlled manner to achieve a stroke change against minimum values.

Aus kinematischen Gründen ist die Rollen-Führung 8 am Kipphebel 6 zur Drehachse 15 der Nockenwelle 3 konzentrisch gestaltet, wobei diese zur weiteren Hubabsenkung zum freien Ventilhebelende hin in eine Gerade und/oder in einen entgegengesetzt gekrümmten Bogen übergehen kann.For kinematic reasons, the roller guide 8 on the rocker arm 6 is concentric with the axis of rotation 15 of the camshaft 3, which can merge into a straight line and / or an oppositely curved arc for further stroke lowering towards the free valve lever end.

Wie aus Figur 1 hervorgeht, ist die Antriebswelle 17 der Verstellvorrichtung 10 zwischen zwei gleichartigen Hubventilen 7 maschinenseitig gelagert angeordnet und steht beiderseits dieser Lagerung mit Steuerhebeln 18 in drehfester Verbindung, wobei die Steuerhebel 18 an einem gemeinsamen Bolzen 19 die beiden Drehgelenke 13 für die Verstellhebel 9 aufweisen. Weiter zeigt diese Figur 1, daß den Steuerhebeln 18 U-förmig gestaltete Verstellhebel 9 zugeordnet sind, wobei jeder Verstellhebel 9 zwischen den freien Endbereichen seiner die Nockenwelle 3 bogenförmig teilumfassend gestalteten Schenkel 20 die jeweilige Rolle 4 drehbeweglich gelagert aufweist.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the drive shaft 17 of the adjusting device 10 is arranged on the machine side between two identical lift valves 7 and is on both sides of this storage with control levers 18 in a rotationally fixed connection, the control levers 18 having the two pivot joints 13 for the adjusting lever 9 on a common bolt 19. Figure 1 further shows that the control levers 18 are assigned U-shaped adjustment levers 9, each adjustment lever 9 having the respective roller 4 rotatably mounted between the free end regions of its legs 20 which are designed to partially encircle the camshaft 3.

Wie aus den Figuren 1 mit 3 hervorgeht, wirkt die Rolle 4 mit ihrem Außenring 21 mit dem jeweiligen Steuernocken 2 der Nockenwelle 3 zusammen, während sie mit den Führungen 8 des jeweiligen Kipphebels 6 über ihre Zapfenabschnitte 22 in roll- oder gleitbeweglicher Verbindung steht. Mit abgesetzten Endzapfen 23 ist jede Rolle 4 im jeweiligen Verstellhebel 9 in dessen Schenke 20 gesichert angeordnet.As can be seen from Figures 1 with 3, the roller 4 cooperates with its outer ring 21 with the respective control cam 2 of the camshaft 3, while it is connected to the guides 8 of the respective rocker arm 6 via their pin sections 22 in a rolling or sliding connection. With offset end journals 23, each roller 4 is arranged securely in the respective adjusting lever 9 in its leg 20.

Die an den Verstellhebeln 9 angeordneten Rollen 4 wirken mit Kipphebel 6 zusammen, die über vorzugsweise hydraulische Ventilspielausgleichselemente 24 mit dem jeweiligen Hubventil 7 in Antriebsverbindung stehen.The rollers 4 arranged on the adjusting levers 9 interact with rocker arms 6, which are preferably connected to the respective lift valve 7 by means of hydraulic valve lash compensation elements 24.

Eine nicht gezeigte Rückstellfeder für jedes Hubventil 7 bewirkt über den jeweiligen Kipphebel 6 die Anlage der Rolle 4 am Steuernocken 2. Zur sicheren Anlage der Rolle 4 am Steuernocken 2 insbesondere im ventilhebelachsfernen Positionsbereich 12 ist ein diese Anlage unterstützendes, am Verstellhebel 9 entsprechend angreifendes Federelement vorgesehen. Dieses vorzugsweise als Schenkelfeder 25 zwischen Verstellhebel 9 und Steuerhebel 18 vorgesehene Federelement kann auf einen betragsmäßigen Anteil der oben genannten Rückstellfeder ausgelegt sein, deren Auslegung um diesen Betrag vermindert ist bzw. sein kann.A return spring (not shown) for each lifting valve 7 causes the roller 4 to rest against the control cam 2 via the respective rocker arm 6. To ensure that the roller 4 rests on the control cam 2, in particular in the position area 12 remote from the valve lever axis, a spring element supporting this system and correspondingly engaging the adjusting lever 9 is provided . This spring element, which is preferably provided as a leg spring 25 between the adjusting lever 9 and the control lever 18, can be designed for an amount of the above-mentioned return spring, the design of which is or can be reduced by this amount.

Der erfindungsgemäß variabel gestaltete Ventiltrieb 1 ist vorteilhaft anwendbar bei zwei gleichartigen, als Einlaßventile dienenden Hubventilen 7 für zwei benachbarte, nicht gezeigte Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine. Dies ergibt in weiterer Ausgestaltung die Möglichkeit, jeden mit einem erfindungsgemäß hubvariablen Einlaßventil 7 ausgerüsteten Zylinder zusätzlich ein in üblicher Weise gesteuertes Einlaßventil zuzuordnen.The variably designed valve train 1 can advantageously be used with two identical lift valves 7 serving as inlet valves for two adjacent cylinders, not shown, of an internal combustion engine. In a further embodiment, this gives the possibility of additionally assigning an intake valve controlled in the usual manner to each cylinder equipped with an intake valve 7 which is variable according to the invention.

Claims (13)

Variabler Ventiltrieb, insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen, - bei dem ein Steuernocken (2) einer Nockenwelle (3) über eine zwischengeschaltete Rolle (4) auf einem um eine Achse (5) beweglichen Ventilhebel (Kipphebel 6) zur Betätigung eines Hubventiles (7) einwirkt, wobei - die Rolle (4) längs einer Führung (8) im/am Ventilhebel (6) mittels eines schwenkbeweglichen Verstellhebels (9) einer maschinenseitig angeordneten Verstellvorrichtung (10) zwischen einem ventilhebelachsnahen und einem ventilhebelachsfernen Positionsbereich (11, 12) gesteuert verlagerbar ist,    dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß das mit der Verstellvorrichtung (10) gemeinsame Drehgelenk (13) des Verstellhebels (9) mittels der Verstellvorrichtung (10) längs einer Bahn (14) in einer im wesentlichen zur Nockenwelle (3) senkrechten Ebene derart gesteuert verlagerbar ist, daß - der Verstellhebel (9) die Rolle (4) im ventilhebelachsnahen Positionsbereich (11) zwischen Steuernocken (2) und Ventilhebel (6) in Richtung maximale Nockenerhebung des Steuernockens (2) schwenkend führt, und - daß der Verstellhebel (9) die Rolle (4) im ventilhebelachsfernen Positionsbereich (12) längs der Führung (8) im/am Ventilhebel (6) quer zur Nockenerhebung des Steuernockens (2) schwenkend führt. Variable valve train, especially for internal combustion engines, - In which a control cam (2) of a camshaft (3) acts via an intermediate roller (4) on a valve lever (rocker arm 6) movable about an axis (5) for actuating a lift valve (7), wherein - The roller (4) can be displaced in a controlled manner along a guide (8) in / on the valve lever (6) by means of a pivotable adjusting lever (9) of an adjusting device (10) arranged on the machine side between a position region (11, 12) near the valve lever axis and a position remote from the valve lever axis, characterized, - That with the adjusting device (10) common pivot (13) of the adjusting lever (9) by means of the adjusting device (10) along a path (14) in a substantially perpendicular to the camshaft (3) plane is displaceable in such a way that - The adjusting lever (9), the roller (4) in the position near the valve lever axis (11) between the control cam (2) and the valve lever (6) in the direction of maximum cam elevation of the control cam (2), and - That the adjusting lever (9), the roller (4) in the valve lever axis remote position area (12) along the guide (8) in / on the valve lever (6) leads to the cam of the control cam (2) pivoting. Ventiltrieb nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verlagerungs-Bahn (14) des Drehgelenkes (13) bogenförmig gestaltet ist mit nockenwellenseitig vorgesehenen Krümmungsmittelpunkten von Bahnabschnitten.Valve train according to Claim 1, characterized in that the displacement path (14) of the swivel joint (13) is designed in an arc shape with centers of curvature of path sections provided on the camshaft side. Ventiltrieb nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß die Verlagerungs-Bahn (14) kreisbogenförmig ist mit einem Kreismittelpunkt, der - auf der Ventilhebelachse (5) oder der Nockenwellen-Drehachse (15) oder auf einer Parallelen (16) zu diesen Achsen (5, 15) liegt. Valve train according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in - That the displacement path (14) is a circular arc with a center of the circle - On the valve lever axis (5) or the camshaft axis of rotation (15) or on a parallel (16) to these axes (5, 15). Ventiltrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß - in Draufsicht gesehen - zwischen der Drehachse (15) der Nockenwelle (3) und der Ventilhebelachse (5) eine zu diesen achsparallele Antriebswelle (17) der Verstellvorrichtung (10) vorgesehen ist, die - dem Antrieb eines die Nockenwelle (3) teilumgreifend gestalteten Steuerhebels (18) mit im freien Endbereich angeordnetem Drehgelenk (13) für den Verstellhebel (9) dient, und die - das Drehgelenk (13) über den Steuerhebel (18) längs der Kreisbogen-Bahn (14) zwischen einer Endstellung oberhalb der Nockenwelle (3) und einer Endstellung unterhalb der Nockenwelle (3) gesteuert verlagert. Valve train according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in - That - seen in plan view - between the axis of rotation (15) of the camshaft (3) and the valve lever axis (5) an axially parallel to this drive shaft (17) of the adjusting device (10) is provided, the - The drive of a camshaft (3) partially encompassing control lever (18) with a pivot joint (13) arranged in the free end area serves for the adjusting lever (9), and - The swivel (13) on the control lever (18) along the circular arc path (14) between an end position above the camshaft (3) and an end position below the camshaft (3) in a controlled manner. Ventiltrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß die Rollen-Führung (8) im/am Ventilhebel (6) zur Drehachse (15) der Nockenwelle (3) konzentrisch gestaltet ist, und - zum freien Ventilhebelende hin in eine Gerade und/oder in einen entgegengesetzt gekrümmten Bogen übergeht. Valve train according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in - That the roller guide (8) in / on the valve lever (6) to the axis of rotation (15) of the camshaft (3) is designed concentrically, and - Goes to the free valve lever end in a straight line and / or in an oppositely curved arc. Ventiltrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß die Antriebswelle (17) der Verstellvorrichtung (10) zwischen zwei gleichartigen Hubventilen (7) maschinenseitig gelagert angeordnet ist, und - beiderseits dieser Lagerung mit jeweils einem Steuerhebel (18) in drehfester Verbindung steht, wobei - die Steuerhebel (18) an einem gemeinsamen Bolzen (19) die beiden Drehgelenke (13) für die Verstellhebel (9) aufweisen. Valve train according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in - That the drive shaft (17) of the adjusting device (10) between two identical lift valves (7) is arranged on the machine side, and - Is on both sides of this storage with a control lever (18) in a rotationally fixed connection, wherein - The control levers (18) on a common bolt (19) have the two swivel joints (13) for the adjusting lever (9). Ventiltrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß den beiden Steuerhebeln (18) jeweils ein U-förmig gestalteter Verstellhebel (9) zugeordnet ist, wobei - jeder Verstellhebel (9) zwischen den freien Endbereichen seiner bogenförmig gestalteten Schenkel (20) die jeweilige Rolle (4) drehbeweglich gelagert aufweist. Valve train according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in - That the two control levers (18) are each assigned a U-shaped adjusting lever (9), wherein - Each adjusting lever (9) has the respective roller (4) rotatably mounted between the free end regions of its arcuate legs (20). Ventiltrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß die an den Verstellhebeln (9) angeordneten Rollen (4) mit als Kipphebel (6) gestalteten Ventilhebeln zusammenwirken, wobei - die Kipphebel (6) über hydraulische Ventilspielausgleichselemente (24) mit dem jeweiligen Hubventil (7) in Antriebsverbindung stehen. Valve train according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that - That the rollers (4) arranged on the adjusting levers (9) interact with valve levers designed as rocker arms (6), whereby - The rocker arms (6) are connected to the respective lift valve (7) via hydraulic valve lash adjustment elements (24). Ventiltrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei gleichartigen Hubventile (7) als Einlaßventile für zwei benachbarte Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine dienen.Valve train according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the two identical lift valves (7) serve as inlet valves for two adjacent cylinders of an internal combustion engine. Ventiltrieb nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß je Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine ein üblich gesteuertes und ein mittels der Verstellvorrichtung (10) zusätzlich steuerbares Einlaßventil (7) vorgesehen ist.Valve train according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a normally controlled inlet valve and an additionally controllable by means of the adjusting device (10) is provided per cylinder of an internal combustion engine. Ventiltrieb nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Verstellhebel (9) zumindest in der Stellung der Rolle (4) im ventilhebelachsferner Positionsbereich (12) ein die Anlage der Rolle (4) am Steuernocken (2) sicherndes Federelement (Schenkelfeder 25) angreifend angeordnet ist.Valve drive according to one or more of Claims 6 to 10, characterized in that on the adjusting lever (9) at least in the position of the roller (4) in the position region (12) remote from the valve lever axis, a spring element securing the roller (4) to the control cam (2) (Leg spring 25) is arranged attacking. Ventiltrieb nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Federelement eine den Verstellhebel (9) in Richtung des Steuerhebels (18) antreibende Schenkelfeder (25) ist.Valve drive according to claim 11, characterized in that the spring element is a leg spring (25) which drives the adjusting lever (9) in the direction of the control lever (18). Ventiltrieb nach Anspruch 11 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - daß die Schenkelfeder (25) entsprechend einem betragsmäßigen Anteil einer Rückstellfeder des Hubventils (7) ausgelegt ist, wobei - die Rückstellfeder um diesen Betrag reduziert ausgelegt sein kann. Valve train according to claim 11 and 12, characterized in - That the leg spring (25) is designed according to an amount of a return spring of the globe valve (7), wherein - The return spring can be designed reduced by this amount.
EP96110558A 1995-09-01 1996-06-29 Variable valve driving gear, particularly for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime EP0761935B1 (en)

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EP0761935A3 (en) 1998-02-11
EP0761935B1 (en) 2002-01-23
DE59608633D1 (en) 2002-03-14
DE19532334A1 (en) 1997-03-06
US5899180A (en) 1999-05-04
ES2171206T3 (en) 2002-09-01

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