EP0404143A1 - Load monitoring circuit with alternating current working in railway systems - Google Patents

Load monitoring circuit with alternating current working in railway systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0404143A1
EP0404143A1 EP19900111741 EP90111741A EP0404143A1 EP 0404143 A1 EP0404143 A1 EP 0404143A1 EP 19900111741 EP19900111741 EP 19900111741 EP 90111741 A EP90111741 A EP 90111741A EP 0404143 A1 EP0404143 A1 EP 0404143A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
current
monitoring
circuit arrangement
relay
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Granted
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EP19900111741
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0404143B1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Uebel
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Alcatel Lucent Deutschland AG
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Alcatel SEL AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L7/00—Remote control of local operating means for points, signals, or trackmounted scotch-blocks
    • B61L7/06—Remote control of local operating means for points, signals, or trackmounted scotch-blocks using electrical transmission
    • B61L7/08—Circuitry
    • B61L7/10—Circuitry for light signals, e.g. for supervision, back-signalling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • DE-OS 31 17 188 provides time-dependent components which, after the light signal current has been switched on, bring about increased magnetic excitation of the monitoring relay used as monitoring element for a certain time and in this way reduce the response threshold of the monitoring relay.
  • DE-OS 31 40 559 discloses a circuit arrangement in which an additional current path switched on or off together with the day / night switchover ensures adaptation of the response and fallback values of the monitoring relay to the respective signal operating voltage.
  • the known measures described above require a considerable amount of components.
  • the components must be specially designed and dimensioned for the respective application (supply line length, consumer power).
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a simple monitoring circuit which is independent of the line length required in the individual case.
  • the capacitive reactive current which has the mean value 0 within a half-wave of the supply voltage, does not contribute to the measurement.
  • An inductive reactive current component caused by the inductance of the cable lead and the lamp transformer is so small at the frequencies (50 Hz) used in railway safety systems that it can be neglected compared to the active current and the capacitive reactive current.
  • claim 2 provides a DC relay as a monitoring element, the excitation winding is bridged by a switch during each of the half-waves of the supply voltage by a switch. It therefore only detects active current half-waves of one polarity, the average of which responds. Active current half-waves of the other polarity flow via the parallel switch and do not influence the monitoring relay.
  • both active current half-waves can be evaluated.
  • the detection and averaging of the current is carried out separately for each half-wave because of the compensation of the reactive current component.
  • both active current half-waves contribute to the excitation of the monitoring relay.
  • Claims 4, 5 and 6 relate to the implementation of the switching device.
  • it can consist of a transistor, which, arranged in the transverse branch of a rectifier bridge circuit, short-circuits voltages of any polarity that occur on the monitoring element as soon as it is controlled by a control circuit, in the simplest case a simple Schmitt trigger circuit.
  • the switching device can also have two transistors corresponding to the polarities of the two voltages to be switched. So that a lower response threshold is achieved than with the circuit according to claim 4.
  • MOS field effect transistors are used instead of conventional bipolar transistors, as in claim 6, a special control circuit can be saved and the inverse diodes of the MOS field effect transistors can be used as decoupling diodes.
  • Claim 7 relates to an embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention, which uses a monitoring transformer for decoupling between the consumer circuit and the monitoring circuit. Since the consumer current does not have to flow through the monitoring element here, the Switching device can also be arranged in series with the monitoring element.
  • the circuit arrangement according to claim 7 is particularly suitable for solutions in which electronic circuits are used as monitoring elements instead of relays.
  • FIG. 1 shows a signal lamp L which is supplied with the voltage U from an AC power source via a lamp transformer LT.
  • the lamp transformer and the signal lamp are located in the outdoor area AA of a signal box, the power source is in the signal box ST itself.
  • a feed cable of up to 7 km in length can be laid between the signal box and the lamp transformer.
  • a monitoring circuit ÜS is arranged in the signal box, which detects and evaluates the current I flowing to the lamp transformer.
  • the current I G measured at the location of the monitoring circuit is composed of an active current component I W and a reactive current component I B that is attributable to the capacity of the feed cable.
  • This reactive current component continues to flow even after the lamp filament breaks and can thus simulate an intact signal lamp in the signal box, provided the total current I G is used for the evaluation.
  • the switch S remains open only during one of the half-waves of the supply voltage U, it is closed during the other half-wave and thus bridges the winding of the monitoring relay with low resistance. Since, as can be seen from FIG. 1a, the supply voltage and the active current component are in phase with one another, the switch can be Control synchronously with the supply voltage using a simple control circuit.
  • the reactive current components occurring during the half-wave of the active current flowing through the winding of the monitoring relay are compensated for, provided that the monitoring relay has sufficient inertia not to respond separately to the reactive current components occurring with twice the supply voltage frequency. With a DC relay, this condition will normally be present. By connecting capacitors in parallel to the relay winding, the inertia of the monitoring relay can be increased if necessary.
  • the DC relay has two windings G I and G II , which are bridged by separate switches S1 and S2.
  • the two switches are driven inversely to one another by the control circuit AS, so that the two active current half-waves influence different relay windings. Since the two oppositely wound relay windings are flowed through in opposite directions by the active current half-waves, both active current half-waves contribute in the same direction to the excitation of the monitoring relay.
  • a monitoring circuit is shown with a transistor T as a switch.
  • the transistor an ordinary bipolar transistor, is turned on by the control circuit AS during one of the half-waves of the supply voltage U and thus makes a diode bridge circuit BG which is responsible for the winding of the Monitoring relay G is in parallel, permeable to both polarities of the current I fed into the cable feed line.
  • a monitoring circuit shown in FIG. 4 uses two transistors T1, T2 instead of a diode bridge circuit, to which diodes D1, D2 are connected in parallel in the reverse direction.
  • the control by the control circuit AS takes place in parallel via current limiting resistors R1, R2.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 4 has a lower voltage drop than the circuit shown in FIG. 3.
  • a particularly advantageous solution is represented by a circuit shown in FIG. 5, which essentially corresponds to the circuit shown in FIG. 4, but uses MOS field effect transistors FT1, FT2 instead of bipolar transistors.
  • a current limiting resistor R3 and a Zener diode ZD are sufficient as a control circuit for limiting the controlling supply voltage.
  • the inverse diodes ID1, ID2 integrated in the MOS field effect transistors can be used instead of the parallel diodes D1 and D2 in FIG. 4.
  • the monitoring circuit is coupled to the consumer circuit via a monitor transformer UT.
  • the voltage induced in the secondary winding of this transformer drives a current through a resistor R4.
  • the voltage drop across the resistor R4, the Feed current is proportional, is evaluated by the monitoring element - here, for the sake of simplicity, a monitoring relay G is shown again.
  • the switch S is here in series with the monitoring relay and interrupts its excitation circuit during those half-waves that are not to be evaluated.
  • the switch can also be arranged parallel to the relay winding and short-circuit it.

Abstract

A circuit arrangement for monitoring AC loads, fed via capacitive cable feedlines, in railway signalling systems is disclosed which permits the current flow through the respective load to be reliably monitored by evaluating the current (I) fed into the cable feedline, independently of the length of the cable feedline. The current (I) flowing into the cable feedline flows through a monitoring element (G), which responds to the mean value with respect to time of the current flowing through it, only during one of the half cycles of the feed voltage (U). During the other half cycle of the feed voltage it is bypassed in a low-impedance fashion by a switch (S) controlled synchronously with the feed voltage. Since the capacitive reactive current has the mean value 0 during one half cycle of the feed voltage, the circuit arrangement detects only the real current component, which reproduces the load current, of the current fed into the cable feedline. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Beim Betrieb von Wechselstromverbrauchern, insbesondere Signallampen, in Eisenbahnsignalanlagen tritt bei längeren, zu den Verbrauchern führenden Kabelzuleitungen das Problem auf, daß die Wirkung der Kabelkapazität die Messung des durch den Verbraucher fließenden Stromes auf der Einspeiseseite der Kabelzuleitung verfälscht und damit eine Überwachung des Verbrauchers vom Stellwerk aus durch Messung des in die Kabelzuleitung fließenden Stromes erschwert.When operating AC consumers, in particular signal lamps, in railway signal systems, the problem arises with longer cable leads leading to the consumer that the effect of the cable capacity falsifies the measurement of the current flowing through the consumer on the feed-in side of the cable lead and thus monitors the consumer from the signal box made difficult by measuring the current flowing into the cable feed line.

Vor allem dann, wenn für Signallampen eine Tag/Nacht-Umschaltung der Betriebsspannung vorgesehen ist, ist eine sichere Überwachung von über längere Zuleitungen gespeisten Signallampen oft nicht mehr möglich, da der bei Tagspannung über die Kabelkapazität fließende Blindstrom die Größenordnung des unterhalb des Wertes des bei Nachtspannung in die Kabelzuleitung fließenden Stromes liegenden Überwachungsschwellwertes erreicht.Especially when a day / night switchover of the operating voltage is provided for signal lamps, safe monitoring of signal lamps fed via longer supply lines is often no longer possible, since the reactive current flowing through the cable capacity during daytime voltage is of the order of magnitude below the value of the Monitoring voltage reached in the cable feed of current flowing at night.

Es sind bereits eine Reihe von Überwachungsschaltungen bekannt, die das genannte Problem lösen: So sind in der DE-OS 31 17 188 zeitabhängig wirksame Bauelemente vorgesehen, welche nach Einschalten des Lichtsignalstromes für eine bestimmte Zeit eine erhöhte magnetische Erregung des als Überwachungselement eingesetzten Überwacherrelais herbeiführen und auf diese Weise die Ansprechschwelle des Überwacherrelais herabsetzen.A number of monitoring circuits are already known which solve the above-mentioned problem: DE-OS 31 17 188, for example, provides time-dependent components which, after the light signal current has been switched on, bring about increased magnetic excitation of the monitoring relay used as monitoring element for a certain time and in this way reduce the response threshold of the monitoring relay.

In der DE-OS 31 40 559 ist eine Schaltungsanordnung offenbart, in der ein zusammen mit der Tag/Nacht-Umschaltung ein- oder ausgeschalteter Zusatzstrompfad für eine Anpassung der Ansprech- und Rückfallwerte des Überwacherrelais an die jeweilige Signal-Betriebsspannung sorgt.DE-OS 31 40 559 discloses a circuit arrangement in which an additional current path switched on or off together with the day / night switchover ensures adaptation of the response and fallback values of the monitoring relay to the respective signal operating voltage.

In der DE-PS 31 45 744, schließlich, wird der Kern eines Übertragers, über den das Überwacherrelais an den Lampenstromkreis angekoppelt ist, mit Ansprechen des Relais über eine Gleichstromwicklung teilgesättigt, um den Strom über die Wicklung des Überwachungsrelais abzusenken und damit dessen Rückfallen zu erleichtern.In DE-PS 31 45 744, finally, the core of a transformer, via which the monitoring relay is coupled to the lamp circuit, is partially saturated with the response of the relay via a DC winding in order to lower the current through the winding of the monitoring relay and thus its relapse facilitate.

Die vorstehend beschriebenen, bekannten Maßnahmen erfordern einen erheblichen Bauelementeaufwand. Die Bauelemente müssen für den jeweiligen Einsatzfall (Zuleitungslänge, Verbraucherleistung) speziell ausgelegt und bemessen sein.The known measures described above require a considerable amount of components. The components must be specially designed and dimensioned for the respective application (supply line length, consumer power).

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine einfache Überwachungsschaltung anzugeben, die von der im Einzelfall benötigten Zuleitungslänge unabhängig ist.The invention is based on the object of specifying a simple monitoring circuit which is independent of the line length required in the individual case.

Eine Schaltungsanordnung, die diese Aufgabe löst, ist im Patentanspruch 1 beschrieben.A circuit arrangement that solves this problem is described in claim 1.

Mit der Erfassung des Mittelwertes des in die Kabelzuleitung eingespeisten Stromes nur während einer der Halbwellen der Speisespannung wird nur der Wirkstromanteil dieses Stromes ausgewertet. Der kapazitive Blindstrom, der innerhalb einer Halbwelle der Speisespannung den Mittelwert 0 hat, trägt zur Messung nicht bei. Ein von der Induktivität der Kabelzuleitung und des Lampentransformators verursachter, induktiver Blindstromanteil ist bei den in Eisenbahnsicherungsanlagen benutzten Frequenzen (50 Hz) so klein, daß er gegenüber dem Wirkstrom und dem kapazitiven Blindstrom vernachlässigt werden kann.With the detection of the mean value of the current fed into the cable feed line only during one of the half-waves of the supply voltage, only the active current component of this current is evaluated. The capacitive reactive current, which has the mean value 0 within a half-wave of the supply voltage, does not contribute to the measurement. An inductive reactive current component caused by the inductance of the cable lead and the lamp transformer is so small at the frequencies (50 Hz) used in railway safety systems that it can be neglected compared to the active current and the capacitive reactive current.

Weiterbildungen der Schaltungsanordnung nach der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen wiedergegeben:Further developments of the circuit arrangement according to the invention are given in the subclaims:

So sieht Anspruch 2 ein Gleichstromrelais als Überwachungselement vor, dessen Erregerwicklung während jeweils einer der Halbwellen der Speisespannung von einem Schalter niederohmig überbrückt wird. Es erfaßt damit nur Wirkstromhalbwellen einer Polarität, auf deren Mittelwert es anspricht. Wirkstromhalbwellen der anderen Polarität fließen über den parallelliegenden Schalter und beeinflussen das Überwacherrelais nicht.Thus, claim 2 provides a DC relay as a monitoring element, the excitation winding is bridged by a switch during each of the half-waves of the supply voltage by a switch. It therefore only detects active current half-waves of one polarity, the average of which responds. Active current half-waves of the other polarity flow via the parallel switch and do not influence the monitoring relay.

Mit der in Anspruch 3 beschriebenen Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung können beide Wirkstromhalbwellen ausgewertet werden. Die Erfassung und Mittelung des Stromes erfolgt dabei wegen der Kompensation des Blindstromanteils für jede Halbwelle getrennt. Infolge gegensinniger Stromflußrichtungen in den Relaiswicklungen tragen jedoch beide Wirkstromhalbwellen zur Erregung des Überwacherrelais bei. Diese Anordnung hat gegenüber der im Anspruch 2 angegebenen Anordnung den Vorteil, daß sie für eine symmetrische Belastung der Speisestromquelle sorgt.With the embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention described in claim 3, both active current half-waves can be evaluated. The detection and averaging of the current is carried out separately for each half-wave because of the compensation of the reactive current component. As a result of opposite directions of current flow in the relay windings, however, both active current half-waves contribute to the excitation of the monitoring relay. This arrangement has the advantage over the arrangement specified in claim 2 that it ensures a symmetrical loading of the supply current source.

Die Ansprüche 4, 5 und 6 betreffen die Realisierung der Schalteinrichtung. Sie kann im einfachsten Fall aus einem Transistor bestehen, der, im Querzweig einer Gleichrichter-Brückenschaltung angeordnet, am Überwachungselement auftretende Spannungen jeder Polarität kurzschließt, sobald er von einer Ansteuerschaltung, im einfachsten Fall einer einfachen Schmitt-Trigger-Schaltung, durchgesteuert wird.Claims 4, 5 and 6 relate to the implementation of the switching device. In the simplest case, it can consist of a transistor, which, arranged in the transverse branch of a rectifier bridge circuit, short-circuits voltages of any polarity that occur on the monitoring element as soon as it is controlled by a control circuit, in the simplest case a simple Schmitt trigger circuit.

Die Schalteinrichtung kann auch, wie in Anspruch 5, zwei Transistoren entsprechend den Polaritäten der beiden zu schaltenden Spannungen aufweisen. Damit wird eine niedrigere Ansprechschwelle als mit der Schaltung nach Anspruch 4 erreicht.As in claim 5, the switching device can also have two transistors corresponding to the polarities of the two voltages to be switched. So that a lower response threshold is achieved than with the circuit according to claim 4.

Werden, wie in Anspruch 6, anstelle gewöhnlicher Bipolar-Transistoren MOS-Feldeffekttransistoren verwendet, so kann eine besondere Ansteuerschaltung eingespart werden und als Entkopplungsdioden können die Inversdioden der MOS-Feldeffekttransistoren verwendet werden.If MOS field effect transistors are used instead of conventional bipolar transistors, as in claim 6, a special control circuit can be saved and the inverse diodes of the MOS field effect transistors can be used as decoupling diodes.

Anspruch 7 betrifft eine Ausgestaltung der Schaltungsanordnung nach der Erfindung, die einen Überwachungstransformator zur Entkopplung zwischen Verbraucherstromkreis und Überwachungsstromkreis verwendet. Da hier der Verbraucherstrom nicht über das Überwachungselement fließen muß, kann die Schalteinrichtung auch in Reihe mit dem Überwachungselement angeordnet sein. Die Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 7 eignet sich vor allem für Lösungen, in denen als Überwachungselemente anstelle von Relais elektronische Schaltungen verwendet werden.Claim 7 relates to an embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention, which uses a monitoring transformer for decoupling between the consumer circuit and the monitoring circuit. Since the consumer current does not have to flow through the monitoring element here, the Switching device can also be arranged in series with the monitoring element. The circuit arrangement according to claim 7 is particularly suitable for solutions in which electronic circuits are used as monitoring elements instead of relays.

Anhand mehrerer Figuren sollen nun Ausfuhrungsbeispiele der Schaltungsanordnung nach der Erfindung beschrieben und ihre Funktion erklärt werden. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 das Prinzip der Schaltungsanordnung nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 1a Strom- und Spannungsverläufe,
  • Fig. 2 Schaltung zur Auswertung beider Wirkstromhalbwellen,
  • Fig. 3 eine Schaltungsanordnung mit einem Bipolar-Transistor als Schalter,
  • Fig 4 eine Schaltungsanordnung mit zwei Bipolar-Transistoren als Schalter,
  • Fig. 5 eine Schaltungsanordnung mit MOS-Feldeffekttransistoren als Schalter,
  • Fig. 6 eine Schaltungsanordnung mit einem Überwachungstransformator.
Using several figures, exemplary embodiments of the circuit arrangement according to the invention will now be described and their function explained. Show it:
  • 1 shows the principle of the circuit arrangement according to the invention,
  • 1a current and voltage profiles,
  • 2 circuit for evaluating both active current half-waves,
  • 3 shows a circuit arrangement with a bipolar transistor as a switch,
  • 4 shows a circuit arrangement with two bipolar transistors as switches,
  • 5 shows a circuit arrangement with MOS field-effect transistors as switches,
  • Fig. 6 shows a circuit arrangement with a monitoring transformer.

In Fig. 1 ist eine Signallampe L dargestellt, welche über einen Lampentransformator LT aus einer Wechselstromquelle mit der Spannung U gespeist wird.1 shows a signal lamp L which is supplied with the voltage U from an AC power source via a lamp transformer LT.

Hierbei befinden sich der Lampentransformator und die Signallampe in der Außenanlage AA eines Stellwerks, die speisende Stromquelle befindet sich im Stellwerk ST selbst. Zwischen Stellwerk und dem Lampentransformator kann ein Speisekabel von bis zu 7 km Länge verlegt sein.The lamp transformer and the signal lamp are located in the outdoor area AA of a signal box, the power source is in the signal box ST itself. A feed cable of up to 7 km in length can be laid between the signal box and the lamp transformer.

Um den einwandfreien Zustand der Signallampe L in der Außenanlage zu Überwachen, insbesondere einen eventuellen Bruch ihres Glühfadens festzustellen, ist im Stellwerk eine Überwachungsschaltung ÜS angeordnet, die den zum Lampentransformator fließenden Strom I erfaßt und auswertet.In order to monitor the perfect condition of the signal lamp L in the outdoor system, in particular to determine a possible breakage of its filament, a monitoring circuit ÜS is arranged in the signal box, which detects and evaluates the current I flowing to the lamp transformer.

Nach Fig. 1a setzt sich der an der Stelle der Überwachungsschaltung gemessene Strom IG aus einem Wirkstromanteil IW und einem auf die Kapazität des Speisekabels zurückzuführenden Blindstromanteil IB zusammen. Dieser Blindstromanteil fließt auch nach Bruch des Lampenglühfadens weiter und kann so im Stellwerk eine intakte Signallampe vortäuschen, sofern zur Auswertung der Gesamtstrom IG verwendet wird.According to FIG. 1a, the current I G measured at the location of the monitoring circuit is composed of an active current component I W and a reactive current component I B that is attributable to the capacity of the feed cable. This reactive current component continues to flow even after the lamp filament breaks and can thus simulate an intact signal lamp in the signal box, provided the total current I G is used for the evaluation.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Überwachungsschaltung, die aus einem Gleichstromrelais G als Überwacherrelais und einem die Wicklung dieses Gleichstromrelais Überbrückenden Schalter S besteht, ermöglicht es nun, zur Überwachung der Signallampe allein den Wirkstromanteil IW auszuwerten. Hierzu bleibt der Schalter S lediglich während einer der Halbwellen der Speisespannung U geöffnet, während der anderen Halbwelle wird er geschlossen und überbrückt damit die Wicklung des Überwacherrelais niederohmig. Da, wie aus Fig. 1a ersichtlich, Speisespannung und Wirkstromanteil miteinander phasengleich sind, läßt sich der Schalter mittels einer einfachen Ansteuerschaltung synchron mit der Speisespannung ansteuern. Die während der über die Wicklung des Überwacherrelais fließenden Halbwelle des Wirkstromes auftretenden Blindstromanteile kompensieren sich, sofern das Überwacherrelais genügend Trägheit aufweist, um nicht auf die mit doppelter Speisespannungsfrequenz auftretenden Blindstromanteile getrennt anzusprechen. Bei einem Gleichstromrelais wird diese Bedingung im Normalfall gegeben sein. Durch Parallelschalten von Kapazitäten zur Relaiswicklung läßt sich die Trägheit des Überwacherrelais, falls erforderlich, vergrößern.The monitoring circuit shown in FIG. 1, which consists of a DC relay G as a monitoring relay and a switch S bridging the winding of this DC relay, now makes it possible to evaluate only the active current component I W for monitoring the signal lamp. For this purpose, the switch S remains open only during one of the half-waves of the supply voltage U, it is closed during the other half-wave and thus bridges the winding of the monitoring relay with low resistance. Since, as can be seen from FIG. 1a, the supply voltage and the active current component are in phase with one another, the switch can be Control synchronously with the supply voltage using a simple control circuit. The reactive current components occurring during the half-wave of the active current flowing through the winding of the monitoring relay are compensated for, provided that the monitoring relay has sufficient inertia not to respond separately to the reactive current components occurring with twice the supply voltage frequency. With a DC relay, this condition will normally be present. By connecting capacitors in parallel to the relay winding, the inertia of the monitoring relay can be increased if necessary.

In Fig. 2 ist eine Schaltungsanordnung dargestellt, welche es gestattet, beide Wirkstromhalbwellen auszuwerten und damit jede Unsymmetrie bei der Belastung der Speisestromquelle durch die Signallampe zu vermeiden. In diesem Falle besitzt das Gleichstromrelais zwei Wicklungen GI und GII, welche von getrennten Schaltern S1 und S2 überbrückt sind. Die beiden Schalter werden von der Ansteuerschaltung AS invers zueinander angesteuert, so daß beide Wirkstromhalbwellen unterschiedliche Relaiswicklungen beeinflussen. Da die beiden gegensinnig gewickelten Relaiswicklungen von den Wirkstromhalbwellen zueinander gegensinnig durchflossen werden, tragen beide Wirkstromhalbwellen gleichsinnig zur Erregung des überwacherrelais bei.2 shows a circuit arrangement which makes it possible to evaluate both active current half-waves and thus to avoid any asymmetry in the loading of the supply current source by the signal lamp. In this case, the DC relay has two windings G I and G II , which are bridged by separate switches S1 and S2. The two switches are driven inversely to one another by the control circuit AS, so that the two active current half-waves influence different relay windings. Since the two oppositely wound relay windings are flowed through in opposite directions by the active current half-waves, both active current half-waves contribute in the same direction to the excitation of the monitoring relay.

In Fig. 3 ist eine Überwachungsschaltung mit einem Transistor T als Schalter dargestellt. Der Transistor, ein gewöhnlicher Bipolar-Transistor, wird von der Ansteuerschaltung AS während einer der Halbwellen der Speisespannung U durchgesteuert und macht damit eine Dioden-Brückenschaltung BG, welche der Wicklung des Überwacherrelais G parallelliegt, für beide Polaritäten des in die Kabelzuleitung eingespeisten Stromes I durchlässig.In Fig. 3, a monitoring circuit is shown with a transistor T as a switch. The transistor, an ordinary bipolar transistor, is turned on by the control circuit AS during one of the half-waves of the supply voltage U and thus makes a diode bridge circuit BG which is responsible for the winding of the Monitoring relay G is in parallel, permeable to both polarities of the current I fed into the cable feed line.

Eine in Fig. 4 dargestellte Überwachungsschaltung verwendet anstelle einer Dioden-Brückenschaltung zwei Transistoren T1, T2, denen in Sperrichtung Dioden D1, D2 parallelgeschaltet sind. Die Ansteuerung durch die Ansteuerschaltung AS erfolgt parallel über Strombegrenzungswiderstände R1, R2. Die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Schaltung weist einen niedrigeren Spannungsabfall auf als die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Schaltung.A monitoring circuit shown in FIG. 4 uses two transistors T1, T2 instead of a diode bridge circuit, to which diodes D1, D2 are connected in parallel in the reverse direction. The control by the control circuit AS takes place in parallel via current limiting resistors R1, R2. The circuit shown in FIG. 4 has a lower voltage drop than the circuit shown in FIG. 3.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Lösung gibt eine in Fig. 5 dargestellte Schaltung wieder, die der in Fig. 4 dargestellten Schaltung im wesentlichen entspricht, jedoch anstelle von Bipolar-Transistoren MOS-Feldeffekttransistoren FT1, FT2 verwendet. Hier genugt als Ansteuerschaltung ein Strombegrenzungswiderstand R3 und eine Z-Diode ZD zur Begrenzung der Steuernden Speisespannung. Außerdem können anstelle der parallelliegenden Dioden D1 und D2 in Fig. 4 die in den MOS-Feldeffekttransistoren integrierten Inversdioden ID1, ID2 verwendet werden.A particularly advantageous solution is represented by a circuit shown in FIG. 5, which essentially corresponds to the circuit shown in FIG. 4, but uses MOS field effect transistors FT1, FT2 instead of bipolar transistors. A current limiting resistor R3 and a Zener diode ZD are sufficient as a control circuit for limiting the controlling supply voltage. In addition, instead of the parallel diodes D1 and D2 in FIG. 4, the inverse diodes ID1, ID2 integrated in the MOS field effect transistors can be used.

In Fig. 6, schließlich, ist zur Erfassung und Auswertung des in die Kabelzuleitung zum Wechselstromverbraucher eingespeisten Stromes die Überwachungsschaltung über einen Überwacher-Transformtor ÜT an den Verbraucherstromkreis angekoppelt. Die in der Sekundärwicklung dieses Transformators induzierte Spannung treibt einen Strom über einen Widerstand R4. Die am Widerstand R4 abfallende Spannung, die dem Speisestrom proportional ist, wird vom Uberwachungselement - hier ist der Einfachheit halber wieder ein Überwacherrelais G dargestellt - ausgewertet. Der Schalter S liegt hier in Reihe mit dem Überwacherrelais und unterbricht dessen Erregerstromkreis während jener Halbwellen, die nicht ausgewertet werden sollen. Der Schalter kann jedoch auch, wie in Fig. 1, parallel zur Relaiswicklung angeordnet sein und diese kurzschließen.Finally, in FIG. 6, for monitoring and evaluation of the current fed into the cable feed to the AC consumer, the monitoring circuit is coupled to the consumer circuit via a monitor transformer UT. The voltage induced in the secondary winding of this transformer drives a current through a resistor R4. The voltage drop across the resistor R4, the Feed current is proportional, is evaluated by the monitoring element - here, for the sake of simplicity, a monitoring relay G is shown again. The switch S is here in series with the monitoring relay and interrupts its excitation circuit during those half-waves that are not to be evaluated. However, as in FIG. 1, the switch can also be arranged parallel to the relay winding and short-circuit it.

Claims (7)

1. Schaltungsanordnung zur Überwachung von über kapazitätsbehaftete Kabelzuleitungen gespeisten Wechselstromverbrauchern, insbesondere Signallampen, in Eisenbahnsignalanlagen, durch Auswertung des in die Kabelzuleitung fließenden Stromes mittels mindestens eines, das Unterschreiten eines Stromschwellwertes im Verbraucherstromkreis erkennenden Überwachungselementes,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das
Überwachungselement (G) auf den zeitlichen Mittelwert des es durchfließenden Stromes anspricht, daß eine synchron mit der Phase der Speisewechselspannung (U) angesteuerte Schalteinrichtung (S) vorgesehen ist, die das Überwachungselement (G) nur während der positiven oder nur während der negativen Halbwellen der Speisespannung in den Verbraucherstromkreis schaltet oder mit einem dem Verbraucherstrom proportionalen Signal beaufschlagt.1. Circuit arrangement for monitoring alternating current consumers, in particular signal lamps, fed via capacitive cable feed lines in railway signal systems, by evaluating the current flowing into the cable feed line by means of at least one monitoring element that detects when the current circuit falls below a current threshold value,
characterized in that the
Monitoring element (G) responds to the time average of the current flowing through it, that a switching device (S) which is controlled synchronously with the phase of the supply AC voltage (U) is provided and which the monitoring element (G) only during the positive or only during the negative half-waves of Switches supply voltage into the consumer circuit or applies a signal proportional to the consumer current. 2. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Überwachungselement ein Gleichstromrelais (G) ist, dessen Kontakte mindestens einen Überwachungsstromkreis schließen, und dessen in den Verbraucherstromkreis geschaltete Erregerwicklung wahrend der positiven Halbwellen oder während der negativen Halbwellen der Speisespannung von der ihr parallelgeschalteten Schalteinrichtung (S) niederohmig überbrückt wird.2. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring element is a DC relay (G), the contacts of which close at least one monitoring circuit, and which in the Excitation winding connected to the consumer circuit is bridged during the positive half-waves or during the negative half-waves of the supply voltage by the switching device (S) connected in parallel with a low resistance. 3. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Überwachungselemente zwei gegensinnig beaufschlagte Wicklungen (GI, GII) eines Gleichstromrelais und als Schalteinrichtung zwei von einer Ansteuerschaltung (AS) invers zueinander betätigte Schalter (S2, S2) verwendet werden, daß beide Wicklungen des Gleichstromrelais in Reihe in den Verbraucherstromkreis geschaltet sind und daß jede Wicklung durch einen der Schalter niederohmig überbrückt wird.3. A circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that two oppositely applied windings (G I , G II ) of a direct current relay and two switching devices (S2, S2) actuated inversely to one another by a control circuit (AS) are used as monitoring elements, that both Windings of the DC relay are connected in series in the consumer circuit and that each winding is bridged by one of the switches with low resistance. 4. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalteinrichtung ein Transistor (T) ist, der mit seiner Schaltstrecke im Querzweig einer die Wicklung des Gleichstromrelais überbrückenden Gleichrichter-Brückenschaltung (BG) liegt und dessen Steuerstrecke von einer Ansteuerschaltung (AS) beaufschlagt wird.4. A circuit arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the switching device is a transistor (T), which lies with its switching path in the transverse branch of a bridge of the DC relay bridging rectifier bridge circuit (BG) and the control path of which is acted upon by a control circuit (AS) . 5. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalteinrichtung von zwei in Antiserie geschalteten Transistoren (T1, T2) gebildet wird, deren Schaltstrecken in Sperrichtung durch je eine Diode (D1, D2) überbrückt sind und deren Steuerstrecken über Vorwiderstände (R1, R2) von einer Ansteuerschaltung (AS) mit demselben Steuersignal beaufschlagt werden.5. A circuit arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the switching device is formed by two transistors (T1, T2) connected in series, the switching paths of which are bridged in the blocking direction by a diode (D1, D2) each and the control paths of which are connected via series resistors (R1, R2) can be acted upon by a control circuit (AS) with the same control signal. 6. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in Antiserie geschalteten Transistoren MOS-Feldeffekttransistoren (FT1, FT2) mit integrierten Invers-Dioden (ID1, ID2) sind und daß an den Gate-Source-Strecken der MOS-Feldeffekttransistoren die durch eine Z-Diode (ZD) begrenzte Speisespannung (U) anliegt6. Circuit arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the transistors connected in series MOS field-effect transistors (FT1, FT2) with integrated inverse diodes (ID1, ID2) and that on the gate-source paths of the MOS field-effect transistors a Z-diode (ZD) limited supply voltage (U) is present 7. Schaltungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schalteinrichtung (S) in Reihe mit dem Uberwachungselement (G) liegt und die so geschaffene Reihenschaltung einen Widerstand (R4) überbrückt, der an eine Sekundärwicklung eines mit seiner Primärwicklung im Verbraucher-Stromkreis liegenden, als Stromwandler wirkenden Überwachungstransformators (ÜT) angeschlossen ist.7. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching device (S) lies in series with the monitoring element (G) and the series circuit thus created bridges a resistor (R4) which is connected to a secondary winding with its primary winding in the consumer circuit , monitoring transformer (ÜT) acting as a current transformer is connected.
EP90111741A 1989-06-22 1990-06-21 Load monitoring circuit with alternating current working in railway systems Expired - Lifetime EP0404143B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3920430 1989-06-22
DE3920430A DE3920430A1 (en) 1989-06-22 1989-06-22 CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR MONITORING AC POWER CONSUMERS IN RAILWAY SIGNALING SYSTEMS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0404143A1 true EP0404143A1 (en) 1990-12-27
EP0404143B1 EP0404143B1 (en) 1994-09-14

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EP90111741A Expired - Lifetime EP0404143B1 (en) 1989-06-22 1990-06-21 Load monitoring circuit with alternating current working in railway systems

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EP (1) EP0404143B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE111405T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3920430A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0404143T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2063863T3 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4110990A1 (en) * 1991-04-05 1992-10-08 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag DEVICE FOR TESTING SIGNAL LAMPS IN RAILWAY SYSTEMS
EP1524167A2 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-20 Siemens Schweiz AG Method and circuit for a safe feedback in railway applications

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202010013926U1 (en) 2010-10-06 2012-01-11 Bag Engineering Gmbh Electronic ballast and lighting device

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2500412B2 (en) * 1974-01-14 1976-03-04 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR MONITORING AC CIRCUITS
US3995262A (en) * 1975-06-25 1976-11-30 Welwyn Electric Limited Electric lamp failure indicator circuit
DE3140559A1 (en) * 1981-10-13 1983-04-28 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Circuit arrangement for technically reliable operation of signal lights
DE3338490A1 (en) * 1983-10-22 1985-05-02 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Circuit arrangement for monitoring the operating state of AC loads used in the external system of a signal box
DE3813538A1 (en) * 1988-04-22 1989-11-02 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Circuit arrangement for the monitored operation of two AC loads via a common supply line

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2500412B2 (en) * 1974-01-14 1976-03-04 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR MONITORING AC CIRCUITS
US3995262A (en) * 1975-06-25 1976-11-30 Welwyn Electric Limited Electric lamp failure indicator circuit
DE3140559A1 (en) * 1981-10-13 1983-04-28 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Circuit arrangement for technically reliable operation of signal lights
DE3338490A1 (en) * 1983-10-22 1985-05-02 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Circuit arrangement for monitoring the operating state of AC loads used in the external system of a signal box
DE3813538A1 (en) * 1988-04-22 1989-11-02 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Circuit arrangement for the monitored operation of two AC loads via a common supply line

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4110990A1 (en) * 1991-04-05 1992-10-08 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag DEVICE FOR TESTING SIGNAL LAMPS IN RAILWAY SYSTEMS
EP1524167A2 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-20 Siemens Schweiz AG Method and circuit for a safe feedback in railway applications
EP1524167A3 (en) * 2003-10-14 2009-04-15 Siemens Schweiz AG Method and circuit for a safe feedback in railway applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0404143B1 (en) 1994-09-14
DE3920430A1 (en) 1991-01-03
DE59007106D1 (en) 1994-10-20
ES2063863T3 (en) 1995-01-16
DK0404143T3 (en) 1994-10-17
ATE111405T1 (en) 1994-09-15

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