EP0403907A1 - Fenêtre d'extraction pour micro-ondes polarisées linéairement - Google Patents

Fenêtre d'extraction pour micro-ondes polarisées linéairement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0403907A1
EP0403907A1 EP90110965A EP90110965A EP0403907A1 EP 0403907 A1 EP0403907 A1 EP 0403907A1 EP 90110965 A EP90110965 A EP 90110965A EP 90110965 A EP90110965 A EP 90110965A EP 0403907 A1 EP0403907 A1 EP 0403907A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling fins
disc
microwaves
window according
decoupling window
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90110965A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Giorgio Agosti
Bernd Dr. Jödicke
Hans-Günter Dr Mathews
Oskar Schafheitle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0403907A1 publication Critical patent/EP0403907A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08—Dielectric windows

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a decoupling window for linearly polarized microwaves of high power with at least one disk lying in a disk plane and transparent to microwaves.
  • a quasi-optical gyrotron such as e.g. in patent CH-664045 or in the article "Das Gyrotron, key component for high-power microwave transmitters", H.G. Mathews, Minh Quang Tran, Brown Boveri Review 6-1987, pp. 303-307.
  • a quasi-optical resonator which is housed in an evacuated tube, in that the electrons of a beam are forced to gyrate by a strong magnetic field.
  • the microwaves coupled out of the resonator must be brought through a suitable microwave window from the high vacuum of the tube into a waveguide with atmospheric conditions and thus to a consumer.
  • the decoupling window is the largest thermal and mechanical one, especially for high-performance gyrotrons Exposed to stress. Not only does it have to seal the tube in a vacuum-tight manner, it also has to dissipate the inevitably absorbed power without being damaged.
  • the first option is to enlarge the window area so that the surface load is portable. In practice, this solution fails due to the lack of mechanical stability of such large ceramic windows.
  • the second option which can also be implemented in practice, is to cool the pane appropriately.
  • a coolable double-pane window is known from the report "Development of the Technological Basis of a Heavy-Duty Coupling Window for a 200 kW Long Pulse Gyrotron at 140 GHz", Rudolf Bachmor, ITG Technical Report Vacuum Electronics and Displays of the ITG Conference from May 8-10, 1989. Between two round Al2O3 ceramic disks, a coolant flows through, whereby a surface cooling is achieved.
  • the well-known double-pane window does not meet the requirements that a dielectric window must meet in the desired power range of 1 MW and more.
  • the transparency can be improved sustainably if the ceramics were cooled to the lowest temperatures (e.g. with liquid helium). But this would involve disproportionate additional economic effort.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a window of the type mentioned at the outset which can meet the highest demands in both thermal and mechanical terms and which avoids the problems existing in the prior art.
  • the decoupling window of the type mentioned has cooling fins which are arranged in the disk plane perpendicular to a direction of polarization of the microwaves and are in heat-conducting and non-positive contact with the at least one disk.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that, on the one hand, the modes excited in the resonator of a quasi-optical gyrotron are fundamentally linearly polarized and, on the other hand, predominantly linearly polarized waves are required in the use of microwaves of the highest power (heating of plasmas, etc.).
  • the limitation to linearly polarized waves is therefore not a disadvantage. Rather, it creates the necessary freedom to be able to improve cooling and stability at the same time.
  • the cooling fins are preferably designed such that they have a width which is less than or equal to an order of magnitude predetermined by a wavelength of the microwaves, and a mutual distance which is greater than or equal to an order of magnitude corresponding to a wavelength of the microwaves.
  • the cooling fins are in particular channels through which coolant flows.
  • the invention can be carried out advantageously in different ways.
  • the cooling fins as cooling channels can either be completely embedded in the pane or housed in groove-shaped recesses in the pane. In particular, they can be about the same thickness like the disc, so that the latter is divided into strip-shaped sections.
  • the cooling fins are preferably at least partially metallic and the disk is made of a ceramic.
  • the heat-conducting contact is created by a solder connection.
  • the cooling fins are formed, for example, by square, round or oval metal tubes.
  • the disk can have cavities filled with coolant between adjacent cooling fins.
  • a quasi-optical gyrotron which is equipped with tube windows according to the invention, can emit radiation powers of the order of up to several MW continuous wave.
  • the decoupling window 1 shows a decoupling window 1 as is preferably installed in a quasi-optical gyrotron.
  • the decoupling window 1 closes off a highly evacuated space 2 of the quasi-optical gyrotron against a waveguide 3 in which atmospheric conditions prevail.
  • the alternating electromagnetic field and, accordingly, the microwaves coupled out of the resonator through the coupling window 1 are linearly polarized.
  • the microwaves (indicated by two arrows) are guided from the waveguide 3 to a consumer (not shown).
  • the decoupling window 1 comprises e.g. three cooling fins 5a, 5b, 5c, a microwave-transparent pane 6a with strip-shaped sections 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, and an annular holder 7.
  • the cooling fins are metal tubes with a rectangular cross section.
  • a coolant 8 also flows through them.
  • the socket 7 preferably also has one or more channels 9 in order to cool the pane also on the circumference.
  • the coolant 8, preferably water, is pumped from the outside through a suitable connection (not shown in FIG. 1) through the cooling fins 5a, 5b, 5c and the channels 9.
  • FIG. 2 shows a front view of the decoupling window 1.
  • the microwaves run towards the viewer and are linearly polarized in the horizontal direction (see double arrows).
  • Figures 1 and 2 the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the cooling fins 5a, 5b, 5c are arranged parallel to one another and perpendicular to the direction of polarization of the microwaves. Their mutual distance A is preferably several times larger than their width B k .
  • a relevant reference variable in this case is the wavelength of the microwaves generated. Accordingly, the width B k should be smaller and the mutual distance A should be greater than about one wavelength.
  • the distance A can be approximately 10 mm.
  • the width B k of the cooling fins is then between about 1 - 5 mm.
  • the effective thermal load and the mechanical stability of the pane as well as the wave-optical requirements for distance A and width B k of the cooling fins must be coordinated with one another during the design. Accordingly, the distance in a circular coupling window is not the same between all cooling fins. Where the area load is large, the distance may be chosen to be somewhat smaller than where the area loss is small.
  • the number of parallel cooling fins naturally also depends on the diameter of the disc.
  • disk 6a which preferably consists of single-crystal sapphire
  • cooling fins 5a, 5b, 5c The same applies to the version 7, which holds the strip-shaped sections and the cooling fins.
  • the thermal contact is advantageously created by a solder connection.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the cooling fins 5d, 5e, 5f are completely embedded in a disk 6b.
  • a disk 6b One way in which this can be implemented is described below.
  • the disc 6b consists of two circular dividing discs 12a, 12b, which are joined together with corresponding main surfaces 10a, 10b. On these main surfaces 10a, 10b, the dividing disks 12a, 12b have mutually corresponding, parallel to each other and each running on a straight line, e.g. semicircular recesses 13a, 13b, 13c, respectively. 14a, 14b, 14c.
  • the recesses are metallized. They take in pairs 13a and 14a, respectively 13b and 14b, respectively. 13c and 14c each a suitable one, e.g. round metal tube, which serves as a cooling fin.
  • FIG. 4 shows a decoupling window in which a pane 6c is additionally provided with cavities 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d.
  • a coolant for example FC 43 or FC 75, circulates in these cavities 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, so that the pane is now cooled from three sides, namely both from the two narrow sides and from an inner main surface.
  • cooling fins 5g, 5h, 5i also shows a further embodiment for the cooling fins 5g, 5h, 5i.
  • the cooling fins 5g, 5h, 5i here have a thickness D k which is greater than the thickness D s of the disk 6c. So they protrude slightly on both sides of the pane surfaces.
  • the cooling fins are shaped like an ellipse. A small semiaxis of this ellipse lies parallel to the disk plane.
  • the disk is therefore composed of two partial disks, each with a plurality of strip-shaped sections 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment.
  • a disc 6d from one piece is used.
  • a main surface 10c of the disk 6d is provided with a plurality of recesses 14d, 14e, 14f which run parallel to one another and each run on a straight line.
  • Each recess 14d, 14e, 14f is closed with a metal cover 16a, 16b, 16c. In this way, cooling channels are formed through which a coolant can be pumped.
  • the metal covers 16a, 16b, 16c can be flat or curved outwards.
  • the curved design naturally creates an advantageously larger cross section than the flat one.
  • Such cooling fins do not ensure the same mechanical strength as those according to the first or third embodiment. However, their manufacture is simpler.
  • recesses with a shallow depth lying opposite one another in pairs can of course also be arranged on the two main surfaces.
  • two cooling fins are then one behind the other. The weakening of the stability due to the locally reduced thickness of the pane in the recesses is at least compensated for by the supporting effect of the cooling channels.
  • Metal tubes with good thermal conductivity are preferably used as cooling fins.
  • high-strength ceramics such as high-purity Al2O3 ceramics as disc material. Water is best used as a coolant in the cooling fins.
  • another cooling liquid that is transparent to microwaves e.g. the fluorocarbons FC 43 or FC 75 mentioned are used.
  • the invention creates a decoupling window which can withstand the highest radiation loads and can be produced using conventional means and can also be operated at low cost.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Connection Structure (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
EP90110965A 1989-06-21 1990-06-09 Fenêtre d'extraction pour micro-ondes polarisées linéairement Withdrawn EP0403907A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2314/89A CH679253A5 (fr) 1989-06-21 1989-06-21
CH2314/89 1989-06-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0403907A1 true EP0403907A1 (fr) 1990-12-27

Family

ID=4230902

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90110965A Withdrawn EP0403907A1 (fr) 1989-06-21 1990-06-09 Fenêtre d'extraction pour micro-ondes polarisées linéairement

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5051715A (fr)
EP (1) EP0403907A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH03129901A (fr)
CH (1) CH679253A5 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0645835A1 (fr) * 1993-09-21 1995-03-29 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. Fenêtre de guide d'onde à haute puissance et assemblage de guides d'ondes
WO1995013630A1 (fr) * 1993-11-09 1995-05-18 General Atomics Fenetre repartie pour guides d'ondes de grand diametre

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5262743A (en) * 1991-03-11 1993-11-16 Baker Hughes Incorporate Microwave process seal
US5313179A (en) * 1992-10-07 1994-05-17 General Atomics Distributed window for large diameter waveguides
US5703289A (en) * 1995-02-01 1997-12-30 Magnetrol International, Inc. Microwave transmitter housing
US5568015A (en) * 1995-02-16 1996-10-22 Applied Science And Technology, Inc. Fluid-cooled dielectric window for a plasma system
WO1997004495A1 (fr) * 1995-07-18 1997-02-06 General Atomics Fenetre a vide hyperfrequence fonctionnant avec une largeur de bande importante
US5851083A (en) * 1996-10-04 1998-12-22 Rosemount Inc. Microwave level gauge having an adapter with a thermal barrier
US5917389A (en) * 1997-07-16 1999-06-29 General Atomics Monolithic dielectric microwave window with distributed cooling
US6118358A (en) * 1999-01-18 2000-09-12 Crouch; David D. High average-power microwave window with high thermal conductivity dielectric strips
JP4835183B2 (ja) * 2006-02-08 2011-12-14 住友ベークライト株式会社 ポリカーボネート樹脂成形体およびバリア層
US20100214043A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Courtney Clifton C High Peak and Average Power-Capable Microwave Window for Rectangular Waveguide

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990526A (en) * 1953-03-02 1961-06-27 Raytheon Co Dielectric windows
US3439296A (en) * 1967-04-20 1969-04-15 Varian Associates Microwave window employing a half-wave window structure with internal inductive matching structure
EP0343594A1 (fr) * 1988-05-23 1989-11-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Guide d'ondes pourvu d'une fenêtre double constituée de deux disques diélectriques

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH664045A5 (en) * 1984-10-02 1988-01-29 En Physiquedes Plasmas Crpp Ce Quasi-optical gyro-klystron for producing milli-meter waves - comprising resonator, drift-zone, second resonator and two annular field-coils to generate magnetic field

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990526A (en) * 1953-03-02 1961-06-27 Raytheon Co Dielectric windows
US3439296A (en) * 1967-04-20 1969-04-15 Varian Associates Microwave window employing a half-wave window structure with internal inductive matching structure
EP0343594A1 (fr) * 1988-05-23 1989-11-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Guide d'ondes pourvu d'une fenêtre double constituée de deux disques diélectriques

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0645835A1 (fr) * 1993-09-21 1995-03-29 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. Fenêtre de guide d'onde à haute puissance et assemblage de guides d'ondes
WO1995013630A1 (fr) * 1993-11-09 1995-05-18 General Atomics Fenetre repartie pour guides d'ondes de grand diametre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03129901A (ja) 1991-06-03
US5051715A (en) 1991-09-24
CH679253A5 (fr) 1992-01-15

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