EP0403874A1 - Eléments photosensibles pour l'utilisation radiographique et procédé de production d'une radiographie - Google Patents

Eléments photosensibles pour l'utilisation radiographique et procédé de production d'une radiographie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0403874A1
EP0403874A1 EP90110680A EP90110680A EP0403874A1 EP 0403874 A1 EP0403874 A1 EP 0403874A1 EP 90110680 A EP90110680 A EP 90110680A EP 90110680 A EP90110680 A EP 90110680A EP 0403874 A1 EP0403874 A1 EP 0403874A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
group
light
silver halide
sensitive element
grains
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EP90110680A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0403874B1 (fr
Inventor
Elio Cavallo
Giuseppe Bussi
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3M Co
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Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/10—Organic substances
    • G03C1/12—Methine and polymethine dyes
    • G03C1/14—Methine and polymethine dyes with an odd number of CH groups
    • G03C1/18—Methine and polymethine dyes with an odd number of CH groups with three CH groups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/28—Sensitivity-increasing substances together with supersensitising substances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
    • G03C5/17—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes using screens to intensify X-ray images

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to light-sensitive sil­ver halide elements to be used in radiography and, more in particular, to light-sensitive silver halide elements to be used with intensifying screens to obtain improved X-ray images.
  • the silver halides used in the light-sen­sitive elements are sensitive or sensitized to a region of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to the wave­length of the light emitted by the luminescent materials used in the intensifying screens, thus providing signifi­cant amplification factors.
  • the quality of the image obtained upon exposure and development of said radiographic elements is negatively affected by light scattering and crossover exposure.
  • Light scattering occurs both in single and double-side emulsion layer coated radiographic materials. It is caused when light emitted by one screen is diffused (scattered) by silver halide grains causing a reduction in image sharp­ness.
  • crossover exposure causes poor definition even if light-sensitive elements are used which employ reduced silver halide coverages to lower the costs or increase the processing speed of the element.
  • de­crease of the emulsion turbidity increases the amount of light available for crossover and therefore worsens the image.
  • dyes or pigments can be used within the photographic element.
  • the absorp­tion of said dyes or pigments is in a region of the elec­tromagnetic spectrum corresponding to the wavelength of the light emitted by the intensifying screens.
  • the dyes or pigments absorb some of the light emitted by the intensi­fying screen so that imaging of the rear emulsion by the forward screen is reduced by absorbance of the light from the forward screen by the anticrossover layer.
  • These dyes or pigments are eliminated during the photographic devel­oping, fixing and/or washing process of the exposed mate­rial; they can be for instance washed away or, more pref­erably, bleached while processing the radiographic ele­ment.
  • the dyes can be incorporated in any layer of the light-sensitive element: in the emulsion layer, in an in­termediate layer between the emulsion and the base, or in the subbing layer of the support base. It is preferred to incorporate the dyes in a layer different from that con­taining the emulsion to avoid possible desensitization phenomena.
  • Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company has sold a radiographic element under the name of 3M Trimax TM Type XUD X-Ray Film to be used in combination with 3M Trimax TM Intensifying Screens. That radiographic element comprises a transparent polyester base, each sur­face of which has a silver halide emulsion layer sensi­tized to the light emitted by the screens.
  • US Patent 3,923,515 discloses a relatively lower speed silver halide emulsion between the support and a higher speed silver halide emulsion layer to reduce cross­over.
  • US Patent 4,639,411 discloses a photographic element, to be used with blue emitting intensifying screens, having reduced crossover, said element comprising coated on both sides of a transparent support a blue sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and, interposed between the support and the emulsion layer, a blue absorbing layer comprising bright yellow silver iodide grains of a specific crystal structure.
  • Japanese Patent Application 62-52546 discloses a ra­diographic element of improved image quality comprising coated on both sides of a transparent support a light sen­sitive silver halide emulsion layer and, interposed be­tween the support and the emulsion layer, a layer contain­ing water insoluble metal salt particles having adsorbed on their surface a dye.
  • Said dye has a maximum absorption within the range of ⁇ 20 nm of the maximum absorption of said silver halide and corresponds to the light emitted by intensifying screens.
  • Silver halides are disclosed as pre­ferred metal salt particles.
  • This invention is directed to a silver halide X-ray element to be used with X-ray intensifying screens com­prising a transparent support base having coated on at least one of its sides a spectrally sensitized silver halide emulsion layer and, between the support base and the silver halide emulsion layer, a hydrophilic colloid layer containing a) substantially light-insensitive low iodide silver bromoiodide grains having an average grain size in the range of from 0.01 to 0.1 ⁇ m on which a spec­tral sensitizing dye is adsorbed to form a J-band, said dye adsorbed on said grains having a significant portion of its absorption in a region of the electromagnetic spec­trum corresponding substantially to the spectral sensitiv­ity of the silver halide emulsion, and b) dispersed zinc oxide particles.
  • the present invention refers to a silver halide light-sensitive element to be associated with X-ray intensifying screens and used in radiography.
  • Said silver bromoiodide grains are substantially light-insensitive, that is they do not form any image upon conventional exposure (e.g. for an exposure of 10 ⁇ 2 sec­onds) to radiations of a wavelength in the range from 420 to 700 nanometers and development in standard black and white and color developers.
  • sensitivity can be gener­ally described as being of less than 1 ASA.
  • the emulsions of the present invention they preferably are of a sensitivity lower than 10 ⁇ 1 ASA.
  • the grain size of said light-insensitive silver bromoiodide grains is particularly restricted. The grains are 0.1 ⁇ m or less in mean diameter. The minimum mean diameters of the grains are limited only by synthetic convenience. Typically, grains of at least 0.01 ⁇ m in mean diameter are employed.
  • the light-insensitive silver bromoiodide grains of the present invention have adsorbed on their surface spectral sensitizing dyes that exhibit absorption maxima in the blue and/or green and/or red portions of the visible spec­trum.
  • Spectral sensitizing dyes according to this inven­tion produce J aggregates if adsorbed on the surface of the silver halide grains and a sharp absorption band (J-band) with a bathocromic shifting with respect to the absorption maximum of the free dye in aqueous solution.
  • J-band absorption band
  • Spectral sensitizing dyes producing J aggregates are well known in the art, as illustrated by F. M. Hamer, Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds , John Wiley and Sons, 1964, Chapter XVII and by T. H. James, The Theory of the Photo­graphic Process , 4th edition, Macmillan, 1977, Chapter 8.
  • J-band exhibiting dyes are cyanine dyes.
  • Such dyes comprise two basic heterocyclic nuclei joined by a linkage of methine groups.
  • the heterocyclic nuclei preferably include fused benzene rings to enhance J aggregation.
  • the heterocyclic nuclei are preferably quinolinium, benzoxazolium, benzothiazolium, benzoselenazolium, benzimidazolium, naphthoxazolium, naph­thothiazolium and naphthoselenazolium quaternary salts.
  • R1 and R2 can be the same or different and represent alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkenyl groups, or aralkyl groups, with or without substituents, (e.g., carboxy­methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-sulfopropyl, 3-sulfobutyl, 4-­sulfobutyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-sulfatoethyl, 3-thiosulfatoethyl, 2-phosphonoethyl, chlorophenyl, and bromophenyl),
  • R3 represents a hydrogen atom
  • R4 and R5 can be the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group of from 1 to 4 car­bon atoms
  • p and q are 0 or 1, except that both p and q prefera­bly are not 1
  • m is 0 or 1 except that when m is 1 both p and q are 0 and at least one of Z1 and
  • R11 and R12 each represents an alkyl group (e.g. methyl, propyl, and butyl), a hydroxyalkyl group (e.g. 2-­hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxybutyl), an acetoxyalkyl group (e.g. 2-acetoxyethyl and 4-acetoxy­butyl), an alkoxyalkyl group (e.g. 2-methoxyethyl and 3-­methoxypropyl), a carboxyl group containing alkyl group (e.g.
  • X ⁇ represents an acid anion (e.g.
  • n 1 or 2.
  • the intensity of the sharp absorption band (J-band) shown by the spectral sensitizing dye adsorbed on the sur­face of the light-insensitive silver halide grains will vary with the quantity of the specific dye chosen as well as the size and chemical composition of the grains.
  • the maximum intensity of J-band has been obtained with silver halide grains having the hereinbefore described sizes and the chemical compositions adsorbed with J-band spectral sensitizing dyes in a concentration of from 25 to 100 per­cent or more of monolayer coverage of the total available surface area of said silver halide grains.
  • Optimum dye concentration levels can be chosen in the range of 0.5 to 20 millimoles per mole of silver bromoiodide, preferably in the range of 2 to 10 millimoles.
  • the J-band spectral sensitizing dyes are preferably added to the fine grain low iodide silver bromoiodide emulsions in the presence of a water soluble iodide or bromide salt.
  • the J-band exhibited by said dyes adsorbed on said grains has been found to be increased by the pres­ence of said salts.
  • Said salts are more advantageously added to the silver halide emulsion before dye digestion, that is the pause following dye addition; said pause is preferably made at a temperature of 40 to 60°C for a time of about 50 to 150 minutes.
  • Typical water soluble salts include alkali metal, alkali earth metal and ammonium iodide and bromide such as ammonium, potassium, lithium, sodium, cadmium and strontium iodides and bromides.
  • the amount of said water soluble iodide and bromide salts is advantageously in a range of from 50 to 5,000 mg per mole of silver, and preferably from 100 to 1,000 mg per mole of silver.
  • hydrophilic colloids in combination with synthetic polymeric binders and peptizers such as acrylamide and methacrylamide polymers, polymers of alkyl and sulfoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives, polyvinyl lactams, polyamides, polyamines, polyvinyl acetates, and the like.
  • synthetic polymeric binders and peptizers such as acrylamide and methacrylamide polymers, polymers of alkyl and sulfoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and its derivatives, polyvinyl lactams, polyamides, polyamines, polyvinyl acetates, and the like.
  • water soluble salts are removed from the emulsion with procedures known in the art, such as ultrafiltration.
  • Such substantially light-insensitive sil­ver bromiodide grains are not chemically sensitized nor substantially physically ripened.
  • the hydrophilic colloid layer coated between the support base and the silver halide emulsion layer comprises, in combination with the light-insensitive very fine low iodide silver bromoiodide grains having adsorbed on their surface J-band forming spectral sensitizing dyes, dispersed metal oxide parti­cles. These are preferably metal oxides which are removed during development processing steps (development, fixing, etc.). From the point of view of the dye being removed and decolored during the processing, zinc oxide is particular­ly preferred.
  • the particle size of the zinc oxide parti­cles used in the present invention is not particularly restricted, but it is generally in the range of from 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m (average diameter), preferably from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the amount of zinc oxide particles used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is selected depending upon the desired reflecting action and the de­sired transparency of the developed radiographic element; it is generally in a range of from 0.1 to 10 g/m2, and preferably from 0.5 to 3 g/m2.
  • the silver halide binding material used is a water-permeable hydrophilic colloid, which is preferably gelatin, but other hydrophilic colloids, such as gelatin derivatives, albumin, polyvinyl alcohol, alginates, cellu­lose hydrolized esters, hydrophilic polyvinyl polymers, dextrans, polyacrylamides, acrylamide hydrophilic copolymers and alkylacrylates can also be used alone or in combination with gelatin.
  • hydrophilic colloids such as gelatin derivatives, albumin, polyvinyl alcohol, alginates, cellu­lose hydrolized esters, hydrophilic polyvinyl polymers, dextrans, polyacrylamides, acrylamide hydrophilic copolymers and alkylacrylates can also be used alone or in combination with gelatin.
  • the x-ray in­tensifying screens used in the practice of the present invention are phosphor screens well-known in the art.
  • Par­ticularly useful phosphors are the rare earth oxysulfides doped to control the wavelength of the emitted light and their own efficiency.
  • Preferably are lanthanum, gadolinium and lutetium oxysulfides doped with trivalent terbium as described in US patent 3,725,704.
  • the preferred ones are gadolinium oxysulfides wherein from about 0.005% to about 8% by weight of the gadolinium ions are substituted with trivalent terbium ions, which upon excitation by UV radiations, x-rays, cathodic rays emit in the blue-green region of the spectrum with a main emission line around 544 nm.
  • the silver halide emulsions are spec­trally sensitized to the spectral region of the light emitted by the screens, preferably to a spectral region of an interval comprised within 25 nm from the wavelength of maximum emission of the screen, more preferably within 15 nm, and most preferably within 10 nm.
  • spectral sensitizers Many types and com­binations of spectral sensitizers can be used.
  • particularly useful spectral sensitizing dyes are those which exhibit an ab­sorption peak (J-band) in their aggregated state.
  • particularly use­ful spectral sensitizing dyes are those represented by the general formula (I) above.
  • the phosphors of the screens are the gadolinium oxysulfides doped with trivalent terbium ions which emit light radiation com­prised in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum
  • particularly useful dyes are those represented by formula (II) above and specific examples of dyes which absorb in the spectral region of emission of the gadolinium oxysulfides doped with trivalent terbium ions are those reported hereinabove.
  • the spectral sensitizing dye adsorbed on the light-sensitive silver halide grains has the same formula of the spectral sensitizing dye adsorbed on the substantially light-insensitive very fine grain low iodide silver bromoiodide grains as hereinbefore described.
  • the hydrophilic colloid layer containing the substan­tially light-insensitive very fine grain low iodide silver bromoiodide emulsions and the dispersed zinc oxide parti­cles is a layer coated between the base and the silver halide emulsion layer. It is apparent that in a radio­graphic element having both surfaces of the support coated with light-sensitive emulsion layers either of the light-insensitive layers according to the present invention employed alone can effectively reduce crossover from both screens. Thus, only one light-insensitive layer is required, although for manufacture convenience double coated radiographic elements most commonly employ identi­cal light-insensitive layers on opposite surfaces of the support.
  • the use of the subbing layer, which normally consists of gelatin, to contain the substantially light-insensitive very fine grain low iodide silver bromoiodide emulsions and the dispersed zinc oxide parti­cles according to the subject invention has the advantage of eliminating one layer, thus allowing a lower thickness of the photographic material and shorter drying times dur­ing the photographic processing.
  • the thickness of the lay­er containing the substantially light-insensitive very fine grain low iodide silver bromoiodide emulsions and the dispersed zinc oxide particles according to the present invention is the normal thickness of layers used in the photographic elements as non light-sensitive layers (such as intermediate auxiliary layers or sublayers). Generally, said thickness ranges from 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • a lower thickness e.g. be­tween 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m
  • a higher thickness e.g. between 1 and 2 ⁇ m
  • the coating techniques used to coat the sublayer i.e. the air knife coating technique
  • allow thinner layers than the coating techniques used to coat the auxiliary layers e.g. an extrusion coating technique.
  • the sharp absorption band (J-band) shown by the spec­tral sensitizing dye adsorbed on the light-insensitive silver bromoioide grains of the layer coated between the base and the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer according to the present invention has the aim of absorb­ing the light emitted by the intensifying screens and therefore of avoiding or reducing the cross-over phenome­non.
  • the presence of the zinc oxide particles has the aim of reflecting the light emitted by the intensifying screens and therefore of avoiding or reducing the decrease of sensitivity of the material.
  • Particu­larly useful optical absorbances are in the range from 0.3 to 2.0, read at the wavelength corresponding to the spec­tral emission maximum of the screens.
  • the crossover reduc­tion attained with the light-insensitive layer according to this invention is preferably at least 10%, more preferivelyably at least 20% and most preferably at least 30% lower than the cross-over which can be obtained without said light-insensitive layer.
  • lower values of absorbance provide X-ray elements having a high sensitivity and good image qualities.
  • Higher values of absorbance provide X-ray materials having a good sensi­tivity and high image quality.
  • the absorbance above does not consider the possible optical density of the base.
  • the base may contain a dye, as previously described.
  • the J-band sensitization dyes are preferably added to the low aspect ratio cubic grain silver halide emulsions in the presence of a water soluble iodide or bromide salt.
  • the J-band sensitization is increased by the presence of said salts, increasing the strong coloration of the ele­ment before processing and consequently reducing the cross-over of exposing radiations by adding a smaller amount of dye.
  • the residual stain after processing of the radiographic element also is lower.
  • Said salts are more advantageously added to the silver halide emulsion before dye digestion, that is the pause following dye addition; said pause is preferably made at a temperature of 40 to 60°C for a time of about 50 to 150 minutes.
  • radiographic elements according to this inven­tion having highly desirable imaging characteristics are those which employ one or more light-sensitive high aspect ratio tabular grain emulsions or intermediate aspect ratio tabular grain emulsions, as disclosed in US Patents 4,425,425 and 4,425,426.
  • radiographic elements By employing light-sensitive low aspect ratio cubic grain silver halide or tabular grain silver halide emul­sion layers as above described, which themselves reduce crossover, in combination with the light-insensitive low iodide silver bromoiodide emulsion layer according to this invention, radiographic elements exhibiting extremely low crossover levels can be achieved while also achieving high photographic speed and low residual stain.
  • the spectral sensitizing dyes can be used in the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers of the ra­diographic elements of this invention in combination among them or with other addenda, such as stabilizers, antifoggants, development modifiers, coating agents, brighteners and antistatic agents, which combination re­sults in a supersensitization (that is, into a spectral sensitization higher than that which could be obtained with any dye or addendum used alone or would result from the additive effect of the dyes and addenda).
  • addenda such as stabilizers, antifoggants, development modifiers, coating agents, brighteners and antistatic agents, which combination re­sults in a supersensitization (that is, into a spectral sensitization higher than that which could be obtained with any dye or addendum used alone or would result from the additive effect of the dyes and addenda).
  • Mechanisms and compounds responsible for supersensitization are de­scribed for
  • re­sults are obtained according to this invention by combin­ing the spectral sensitizing dyes with a supersensitizing amount of a polymeric compound having amino-allilydene-­malononitrile moieties, as described in US Pat. No. 4,307,183, such as copolymers of a vinyl addition monomers and 3-diallyl-amino-allylidene-malononitrile monomer.
  • the photographic elements of this invention in the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers or in other layers, can include additional addenda of conventional nature, such as stabilizers, antifoggants, brighteners, absorbing materials, hardeners, coating aids, plasticizers, lubricants, matting agents, antikinking agents, antistatic agents, and the like, as described in Research Disclosure, Item 17643, December 1978 and in Re­search Disclosure, Item 18431, August 1979.
  • additional addenda of conventional nature such as stabilizers, antifoggants, brighteners, absorbing materials, hardeners, coating aids, plasticizers, lubricants, matting agents, antikinking agents, antistatic agents, and the like, as described in Research Disclosure, Item 17643, December 1978 and in Re­search Disclosure, Item 18431, August 1979.
  • Preferred radiographic elements are of the type de­scribed in BE Patent 757,815 and in US Patent 3,705,858, i.e. elements wherein at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer is coated on both surfaces of a transparent support, the total silver coverage per surface unit for both layers being lower than about 6 g/m2, pre­erably than 5 g/m2.
  • Such supports are preferably polyester film supports, such as polyethylene terephthalate films.
  • said supports for use in medical radiography are blue tinted.
  • Preferred dyes are anthraquinone dyes, such as those described in US Patents 3,488,195; 3,849,139; 3,918,976; 3,933,502; 3,948,664 and in UK Patents 1,250,983 and 1,372,668.
  • a light-sensitive cubic grain silver bromo-iodide gelatin emulsion (having 2.3% mole iodide) was prepared.
  • Said emulsion comprised cubic grains having an average diameter of about 0.7 ⁇ m and an average aspect ratio of about 1:1.
  • the emulsion was chemically sensitized with a sulfur compound and a gold compound, spectrally sensitized with 0.750 g/mole of silver of the green spectral sensi­tizing dye A and added with KI in an amount of 60 mg/mole of silver.
  • a light-insensitive fine grain silver bromo-iodide gelatin emulsion (having 2% iodide mole) was prepared.
  • Said emulsion comprised grains having an average diameter of 0.06 ⁇ m.
  • the emulsion was added with 5.5 g/ mole of silver of the green spectral sensitizing dye A and 400 mg/mole of silver of potassium iodide.
  • the emulsion was added with a dispersion of fine particles of zinc oxide having a mean diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m, prepared by dispersing zinc oxide in gelatin in the presence of anionic dispers­ing agents with the aid of a high speed stirrer, in an amount such as to have 1,080 g of zinc oxide per mole of silver.
  • the emulsion was coated on both sides of the sup­port base above at 0.1 g/m2 silver, 1 g/m2 zinc oxide and 1.5 g/m2 gelatin per side. Both surfaces of the film thus obtained were coated with silver halide emulsion layers and protective layers as Film 1A above. (Film 1B).
  • Percent cross-over has been calculated by using the following equation: wherein ⁇ log E is the difference in sensitivity between the two emulsion layers of the same film when exposed with a single screen (the lower the percent of cross-over, the better the image quality).
  • the measurement of the J-band was made referring to the spectrophotometric curve of the unexposed film in the region of 400 to 700 nm by measuring the absorbance st 549 nm, which corresponds to the dye absorbance J-band peak near to the main emission peak of the phosphor of the screen.
  • a radiographic film (Film 2A) was prepared similar to Film 1A of Example 1 having a total silver coverage of 4.24 g/m2.
  • Radiographic films (Films 2B, 2C and 2D) according to the present invention were prepared similar to Film 1B of Example 1 respectively having a total silver coverage of 4.61 g/m2, 0.1 g/m2 of light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains per side and 0.5 g/m2 of zinc oxide per side (Film 2B), a total silver coverage of 4.57 g/m2, 0.1 g/m2 of light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains and 1 g/m2 of zinc oxide per side (Film 2C), a total sil­ver coverage of 4.54 g/m2, 0.1 g/m2 of light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains per side and 1.5 g/m2 of zinc oxide per side (Film 2D).
  • Radiographic films (Films 2E, 2F and 2G) according to the present invention were prepared similar to Film 1B of Example 1 respectively having a total silver coverage of 4.80 g/m2, 0.2 g/m2 of light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains per side and 0.5 g/m2 of zinc oxide per side (Film 2E), a total silver coverage of 4.76 g/m2, 0.2 g/m2 of light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains per side and 1 g/m2 of zinc oxide per side (Film 2F), a total silver coverage of 4.7 g/m2, 0.2 g/m2 of light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains per side and 1.5 g/m2 of zinc oxide per side (Film 2G).
  • Radiographic films were prepared similar to Film 1B of Example 1 respectively having a to­tal silver coverage of 4.59 g/m2, 0.1 g/m2 of light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains per side and no zinc oxide (Film 2H), a total silver coverage of 4.85 g/m2, 0.2 g/m2 of light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains per side and no zinc oxide (Film 2I).
  • Radiographic films were pre­pared similar to Film 1B of Example 1 respectively having a total silver coverage of 4.38 g/m2, 0.5 g/m2 of zinc oxide per side and no light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains (Film 2L), a total silver coverage of 4.33 g/m2, 1 g/m2 of zinc oxide per side and no light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains (Film 2M), a total silver coverage of 4.33 g/m2, 1.5 g/m2 of zinc oxide per side and no light-insensitive silver bromo-iodide grains (Film 2N).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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EP90110680A 1989-06-15 1990-06-06 Eléments photosensibles pour l'utilisation radiographique et procédé de production d'une radiographie Expired - Lifetime EP0403874B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8920883A IT1230287B (it) 1989-06-15 1989-06-15 Elementi sensibili alla luce per uso radiografico e procedimento per la formazione di un'immagine radiografica.
IT2088389 1989-06-15

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EP0403874A1 true EP0403874A1 (fr) 1990-12-27
EP0403874B1 EP0403874B1 (fr) 1996-02-14

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EP90110680A Expired - Lifetime EP0403874B1 (fr) 1989-06-15 1990-06-06 Eléments photosensibles pour l'utilisation radiographique et procédé de production d'une radiographie

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0403874B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0329939A (fr)
CA (1) CA2018159A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69025357T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1230287B (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0506584A1 (fr) * 1991-03-28 1992-09-30 Eastman Kodak Company Eléments radiographiques comprenant émulsion à grains tabulaires ayant moins de taches de colorant
DE202010014711U1 (de) 2010-10-25 2010-12-30 Klöckner, Hans-Otto Entstaubungsmittel
US8232439B2 (en) 2007-05-31 2012-07-31 Basf Se Use of isoalkane mixtures for dedusting construction chemistry products
US8535436B2 (en) 2008-09-10 2013-09-17 Construction Research & Technology Gmbh Use of cyclohexane polycarboxylic acid derivatives for removing dust from chemical construction products

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005005998A1 (de) 2005-02-09 2006-08-10 Henkel Kgaa Verwendung von aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen und Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen in pulverförmigen bauchemischen Produkten

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4425426A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-01-10 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic elements exhibiting reduced crossover
US4574115A (en) * 1983-08-22 1986-03-04 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide light-sensitive materials having a layer of grains having dye absorbed thereon
US4680252A (en) * 1981-08-21 1987-07-14 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Silver halide light-sensitive photographic material for radiographic use

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4680252A (en) * 1981-08-21 1987-07-14 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Silver halide light-sensitive photographic material for radiographic use
US4425426A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-01-10 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic elements exhibiting reduced crossover
US4425426B1 (fr) * 1982-09-30 1988-08-09
US4574115A (en) * 1983-08-22 1986-03-04 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide light-sensitive materials having a layer of grains having dye absorbed thereon

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0506584A1 (fr) * 1991-03-28 1992-09-30 Eastman Kodak Company Eléments radiographiques comprenant émulsion à grains tabulaires ayant moins de taches de colorant
JPH0593975A (ja) * 1991-03-28 1993-04-16 Eastman Kodak Co 染料着色度の低い平板粒乳剤を含有する放射線写真要素
US8232439B2 (en) 2007-05-31 2012-07-31 Basf Se Use of isoalkane mixtures for dedusting construction chemistry products
US8535436B2 (en) 2008-09-10 2013-09-17 Construction Research & Technology Gmbh Use of cyclohexane polycarboxylic acid derivatives for removing dust from chemical construction products
DE202010014711U1 (de) 2010-10-25 2010-12-30 Klöckner, Hans-Otto Entstaubungsmittel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0329939A (ja) 1991-02-07
CA2018159A1 (fr) 1990-12-15
EP0403874B1 (fr) 1996-02-14
IT8920883A0 (it) 1989-06-15
IT1230287B (it) 1991-10-18
DE69025357D1 (de) 1996-03-28
DE69025357T2 (de) 1996-06-27

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