EP0403251A2 - Einmischung in der Aktivität der Monokine - Google Patents

Einmischung in der Aktivität der Monokine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0403251A2
EP0403251A2 EP90306440A EP90306440A EP0403251A2 EP 0403251 A2 EP0403251 A2 EP 0403251A2 EP 90306440 A EP90306440 A EP 90306440A EP 90306440 A EP90306440 A EP 90306440A EP 0403251 A2 EP0403251 A2 EP 0403251A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyridyl
ring
pyrrolo
dihydro
imidazole
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EP90306440A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0403251A3 (de
Inventor
Nabil Hanna
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SmithKline Beecham Corp
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SmithKline Beecham Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of treating a human afflicted with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which comprises administering to such human an effective amount of a monokine activity interfering agent.
  • HAV human immunodeficiency virus
  • HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  • R1 and R2 must be 4-pyridyl and the other is selected from monohalosubstituted phenyl wherein said substituent is selected from halo or C1 ⁇ 4 alkoxy; X is CH2, CH2CH2 or S(0)n; and n is 0, 1 or 2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • M-CSF macrophage colony stimulating factor
  • GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
  • IL-3 interleukin-3
  • TNFa is involved in the HIV-associated states of cachexia and muscle degradation.
  • TNF is implicated in the stimulation of viral replication of latent HIV in T-cell and macrophage lines which can be induced by TNF.
  • This invention relates to a method of treating a human afflicted with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which comprises administering to such human an effective, monokine activity interfering amount of a monokine activity interfering agent.
  • HAV human immunodeficiency virus
  • HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  • HIV entry into the T lymphocyte requires T lymphocyte activation.
  • Other viruses, such as HIV-1, HIV-2 infect T lymphocytes after T Cell activation and such virus protein expression and/or replication is mediated or maintened by such T cell activation, for example.
  • monokines are implicated in the infection of T lymphocytes with HIV by playing a role in maintaining T lymphocyte activation.
  • the T lymphocyte must continue to be maintained in an activated state to permit HIV gene expression and/or HIV replication.
  • monokines are implicated in activated T-cell mediated HIV protein expression and/or virus replication by playing a role in maintaining T lymphocyte activation. Therefore, interference with monokine activity, such as by inhibition of monokine production, in an HIV-infected individual aids in limiting the maintenance of T cell activation thereby reducing the progression of HIV infectivity to previously uninfected cells which results in a slowing or elimination of the progression of immune dysfunction caused by HIV infection. It has now also been discovered that monokines are implicated in certain disease associated problems such as cachexia and muscle degeneration.
  • interference with monokine activity such as by inhibition of monokine production, in an HIV-infected individual aids in enhancing the quality of life of HIV-­infected patients by reducing the severity of monokine-mediated disease associated problems such as cachexia and muscle degeneration.
  • monokine any cytokine produced and secreted by a macrophage and/or monocyte of a HIV-infected human provided that such monokine is implicated in (a) the initiation and/or maintenance of T cell activation and/or activated T cell-mediated HIV gene expression and/or replication, and/or (b) any monokine-mediated disease associated problem such as cachexia or muscle degeneration.
  • monokines include, but are not limited to, Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFa) and Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (TNFb).
  • TNF- ⁇ also known as lymphotoxin
  • TNF-a also known as cachectin
  • monocyte activity interfering agent any compound which is useful for interfering with the activity of any monokine, such as those compounds which are useful in a method of inhibiting the production of IL-1 or TNF by monocytes and/or macrophages in a human in need thereof as claimed in any of U.S. Patent Number 4,794,114, issued December 27, 1988; U.S. Patent Number 4,788,806, issued October 18, 1988; U.S. Patent Number 4,780,470, U.S. patent application Bender et al ., U.S.S.N. 07/365,349, June 13, 1989, and Bender et al., PCT Serial number unknown, filed contemporaneously herewith, Attorney's Docket No. 14446-1, the entire disclosures all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • any monokine By the term “interfering with the activity of any monokine” is meant the down regulation of either the in vivo levels of such monokine or the activity of such monokine in a HIV-infected human to levels which interfere with T cell activation and/or activated T cell-mediated HIV gene expression and/or replication to an extent that slows disease progression.
  • such monokine activity interfering agent is one which is useful in inhibiting the production of any monokine, such as an agent which inhibits IL-1 production and/or TNFa production, in an HIV-infected patient.
  • inhibiting the production of any monokine is meant the lowering of in vivo levels of such monokine in a HIV-infected human to levels which interfere with T cell activation and/or activated T cell-mediated HIV gene expression and/or replication to an extent that slows disease progression.
  • production of any monokine by monocytes and/or macrophages is meant the in vivo release of such monokine by such cells.
  • the most preferred compound of TABLE A for use in the method of the subject invention is the compound known as 5-(4-pyridyl)-6(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-­dihydroimidazo(2,1-B)-thiazole which has been shown to inhibit both IL-1 and TNFa production by monocytes.
  • 5-(4-pyridyl)-6(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-­dihydroimidazo(2,1-B)-thiazole which has been shown to inhibit both IL-1 and TNFa production by monocytes.
  • Additional compounds which are useful in the method of the subject invention include those described in Bender et al. , U.S. Patent Number 4,778,806, issued October 18, 1988, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, which discloses a method of inhibiting the production of IL- 1 by monocytes and/or macrophages in a human in need thereof which comprises administering to such human an effective, interleukin- 1 production inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula (II): wherein: one of R1 and R2 is 4-pyridyl and the other is monohalosubstituted phenyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a compound described in U.S. 4,778,806 which is preferred for use in the method of the subject invention is one in which R1 is 4-pyridyl and R2 is 4-­fluorophenyl.
  • Additional compounds which are useful in the method of the subject invention include those described in Bender et al. , U.S. Patent Number 4,780,470, issued October 25, 1988, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, which discloses a method of inhibiting the production of IL-1 by monocytes and/or macrophages in a human in need thereof which comprises administering to such human an effective, interleukin-1 production inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula (III): wherein: One of R1 and R2 is 4-pyridyl and the other is selected from monohalosubstituted phenyl; and R3 is S or SCF2CF2H; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Additional compounds which are useful in the method of the subject invention include those described in U.S. patent application Bender et al ., U.S.S.N. 07/365,349 , June 13, 1989, and in Bender et al .
  • Additional compounds which are useful in the method of the subject invention because they are inhibitors of TNF and IL-1 include 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-­ (4-pyridyl)-7-oxo-5,6-dihydro-[7H]-pyrrolo-[1,2-a]-imidazole; 5,6-dihydro-2-(4-­Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-[7H]-pyrrolo-[1,2-a]-imidazole-7-ol.; and 5,6-dihydro-­7,7-difluoro-2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4pyridyl)-[7H]-pyrrolo-[1,2-a]-imidazole are described in Tetrahedron Letter , Vol. 30, No. 48, pp. 6599-6602 (1989) the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Especially preferred compounds for use in the method of the subject invention are 2-Phenyl-3-pyridyl-6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo-[1,2-a]imidazole; 2-4-Bromophenyl-3-pyridyl-6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo-[1,2-a]-imidazole; 2-(4-Pyridyl)-3-(4-flurophenyl)6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo-[1,2-a] imidazole; 2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo[1,2-a]-­imidazole; 2-(4-Methylthiophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo[1,2-a]-­imidazole;
  • This invention relates to a method of treating a human afflicted with a human immunodeficiency virus, which comprises administering to such human an effective, monokine activity interfering amount of a monokine activity interfering agent.
  • the monokine activity interfering agent is administered to a HIV-infected human in an amount sufficient to interfere with the production or activity of any monokine (a) implicated in T lymphocyte activation to levels which interfere with T cell activation and/or activated T cell-mediated HIV gene expression and/or replication to an extent that slows disease progression and/or (b) implicated in monokine-­mediated disease associated problems such as cachexia and muscle degeneration to levels which improve the quality of the life of the HIV-infected individual.
  • such monokine activity interfering agent is one which inhibits IL-1 production, TNFa or TNFb production by monocytes and/or macrophages in an HIV-infected patient.
  • treatment with an effective amount of a monokine activity interfering agent will initially result in a slowing of the rate of T cell depletion, thereby slowing disease progression. It is expected that T cell depletion will gradually cease and that T cell counts and T4/T8 ratios will begin to normalize.
  • treatment with an effective amount of a monokine activity interfering agent will result in a slowing of the rate of T cell depletion, thereby slowing disease progression and delaying immune dysfunction manifestation.
  • treatment with an effective amount of a monokine activity interfering agent will initially result in a slowing of the rate of the progression of the disease associated problem, thereby slowing disease progression. It is expected that the progression of the disease associated problem will eventually cease and reverse, thereby enhancing the quality of life of the HIV-infected individual treated in such a manner.
  • a monokine activity interfering agent required for therapeutic effect will, of course, vary with the agent chosen, the route of administration desired, the nature and severity of the HIV-infection and the particular condition of the HIV-infected human undergoing treatment, and is ultimately at the discretion of the physician. It will also be recognized by one of skill in the art that the optimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of a monokine activity interfering agent will be determined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, the form, route and site of administration, and the particular patient being treated, and that such optimums can be determined by conventional techniques.
  • the optimal course of treatment i.e., the number of doses of a monokine activity interfering agent given per day for a defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional course of treatment determination tests.
  • the monokine activity interfering agent is administered orally, topically, parenterally or by inhalation in conventional dosage forms prepared by combining such agent with standard pharmaceutical carriers according to conventional procedures in an amount sufficient to produce therapeutic monokine activity interfering activity.
  • the pharmaceutical carrier employed can be readily determined by one of skill in the art who will recognize that such determination will depend upon various well-known factors such as the nature, quantity and character of the particular monokine activity interfering agent being employed and the form and route of administration desired.
  • the method of the subject invention may be carried out by delivering the monokine activity interfering agent parenterally, orally, topically or by inhalation depending upon various factors such as the nature of the agent and the desired site of inhibition.
  • an initial treatment regimen can be copied from that known to be effective in interfering with monokine activity for the particular monokine activity interfering agent employed.
  • Treated individuals will be regularly checked for T cell numbers and T4/T8 ratios and/or for progression of monokine-mediated disease associated problems such as cachexia or muscle degeneration. If no effect is seen following the normal treatment regimen, then the amount of the monokine activity interfering agent administered is increased, e.g., by fifty percent per week.
  • the method of the subject invention may be carried out by delivering the monokine activity interfering agent topically.
  • topical administration is meant non-systemic administration and includes the application of a monokine activity interfering agent externally to the epidermis, to the buccal cavity and instillation of such a compound into the ear, eye and nose, and where the compound does not significantly enter the blood stream.
  • the daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from about 2 mg to about 10 mg per site of administration.
  • a suitable monokine activity interfering dose of any TNF production inhibiting compound is from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg of base for topical administration, the most preferred daily dosage being 15 mg to 500 mg, the single dosage range being about 5mg to 160 mg.
  • the daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from about 2 mg to about 10 mg per site of administration.
  • the method of the subject invention may be carried out by delivering the monokine activity interfering agent by inhalation.
  • inhalation is meant intranasal and oral inhalation administration.
  • Appropriate dosage forms for such administration such as an aerosol formulation or a metered dose inhaler, may be prepared by conventional techniques.
  • a suitable monokine activity interfering dose herewith, administered by inhalation is from about 1 mg to about 100 mg per day. More detailed information about inhalation formulation of such compounds is outlined in the specifications for any of the IL-1 production inhibiting compounds disclosed in the method of use claims of U.S. Patent Numbers 4,794,114, 4,778,806 and 4,780,470, U.S.
  • a suitable monokine activity interfering dose of any TNF production inhibiting compound administered by inhalation is from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg per day. More preferably from about 10mg to about 100mg per day.
  • the method of the subject invention may be carried out by delivering the monokine activity interfering agent parenterally.
  • the term 'parenteral' as used herein includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous intranasal, intrarectal, intravaginal or intraperitoneal administration.
  • the subcutaneous and intramuscular forms of parenteral administration are generally preferred.
  • Appropriate dosage forms for such administration may be prepared by conventional techniques.
  • a suitable monokine activity interfering dose, and more detailed information about parenteral formulation of such compounds is outlined in the specifications of any IL-1 production inhibiting compound disclosed any of the method of use claims of in U.S. Patent Numbers 4,794,114, 4,778,806 and 4,780,470, U.S.
  • the dose administered parenterally will preferably be from about 1 to about 100 mg per kilogram (kg) of total body weight, most preferably from about 3 to about 60 mg/kg per day.
  • a suitable monokine activity interfering dose of any TNF production inhibiting compound administered parenterally will preferably be from about 1 to about 100 mg per kilogram (kg) of total body weight, most preferably from about 5 to about 80 mg/kg per day.
  • the method of the subject invention may be carried out by delivering the monokine activity interfering agent orally.
  • Appropriate dosage forms for such administration may be prepared by conventional techniques.
  • a suitable monokine activity interfering dose of any IL-1 production inhibiting compound disclosed in any of the method of use claims of U.S. Patent Numbers 4,794,114, 4,778,806 and 4,780,470, U.S. patent application Bender et al. , U.S.S.N. 07/365,349, June 13, 1989, and in Bender et al. , PCT Application Number unknown, Attorney's Docket Number SKB 14446-1, filed contemperanously herewith, administered orally will preferably be from about 5 to about 100 mg/kilogram of total body weight per day.
  • the method of the subject invention may be carried out by delivering the monokine activity interfering agent orally.
  • Appropriate dosage forms for such administration may be prepared by conventional techniques.
  • a suitable monokine activity interfering dose of any TNF production inhibiting compound will preferably be from about 1 to about 100 mg per kilogram (kg) of total body weight, most preferably from about 5 to about 80 mg/kg per day. More detailed information about topical, oral, inhalation and parenteral dosage formulations for the TNF inhibiting compounds of the subject application is outlined in the specifications of U.S. patent application Bender et al. , U.S.S.N. 07/365,349, filed June 13, 1989 and Bender et al. , PCT Application number unknown, Attorney's Docker Number SKB SKB 14446-1, filed contemporaneously herewith.
  • This invention also relates to a method of treating HIV infection in a human infected with HIV which comprises administering to such human an effective amount of 5-(4-pyridyl)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo-(2,1-b)-thiazole.
  • 5-(4-pyridyl)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo-(2,1-b)-thiazole is meant both the base form of the compound as well as all pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • This invention also relates to a method of treating HIV infection in a human infected with HIV which comprises administering to such human an effective amount of 2-(4-methylthiophenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo[1,2-a]­imidazole as well as all pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • Compound 1 ⁇ The compound 5-(4-pyridyl)-6(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo-­(2,1-B)-thiazole (hereinafter referred to as "Compound 1 ⁇ ) and 2-(4-methylthio­phenyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-6,7-dihydro-[5H]-pyrrolo[1,2-a]-imidazole, (hereinafter referred to as "Compound 2”) are administered to a HIV-infected human in an amount sufficient to have a therapeutic effect on such individual's infection by enhancing the quality of life of the infected individual by slowing the progression of the disease and/or by ameliorating HIV associated conditions such as cachexia and muscle degeneration It will be recognized by one of skill in the art that the actual amount of Compounds 1 or 2 as well as other pyrrolo-[2,1-a]-imidazoles and imidazo-[2,1-b]-­thiazoles
  • the optimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of Compounds 1 or 2 will be determined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, the form, route and site of administration, and the particular patient being treated, and that such optimums can be determined by conventional techniques. It will also be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the optimal course of treatment, i.e., the number of doses of Compounds 1 or 2 given per day for a defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional course of treatment determination tests.
  • Compounds 1or 2 are administered orally, topically, parenterally or by inhalation in conventional dosage forms prepared by combining such agent with standard pharmaceutical carriers according to conventional procedures.
  • the pharmaceutical carrier employed can be readily determined by one of skill in the art who will recognize that such determination will depend upon various well-known factors such as the form and route of administration desired.
  • the method of the subject invention may be carried out by delivering Compounds 1 or 2 topically.
  • topical administration is meant non-systemic administration and includes the application of Compounds 1or 2 externally to the epidermis, to the buccal cavity and instillation of such a compound into the ear, eye and nose, and where the compound does not significantly enter the blood stream.
  • a suitable dose of Compounds 1 or 2 is 1.5 mg to 100 mg of base for topical administration, the most preferred dosage being 1 mg to 500 mg, for example 5 to 25 mg administered two or three times daily.
  • the daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from about 2 mg to about 10 mg per site of administration. More detailed information about topical formulation of Compound 1 is outlined in the specification of U.S. Patent Number 4,794,114.
  • the method of the subject invention may be carried out by delivering Compounds 1 or 2 by inhalation.
  • inhalation is meant intranasal and oral inhalation admini-stration.
  • Appropriate dosage forms for such administration such as an aerosol formulation or a metered dose inhaler, may be prepared by conventional techniques.
  • a suitable dose of Compounds 1 or 2 administered by inhalation is from about 1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg per day. More detailed information about inhalation formulation of Compound 1 is outlined in the specification of U.S. Patent Numbers 4,794,114.
  • the method of the subject invention may also be carried out by delivering Compounds 1 or 2 parenterally.
  • parenteral' as used herein includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous intranasal, intrarectal, intravaginal or intraperitoneal administration.
  • the subcutaneous and intramuscular forms of parenteral administration are generally preferred.
  • Appropriate dosage forms for such administration may be prepared by conventional techniques.
  • a suitable dose of Compounds 1 or 2 administered parenterally will preferably be from about 1 to about 100 mg per kilogram (kg) of total body weight, most preferably from about 2 to about 60 mg/kg per day. More detailed information about parenteral formulation of Compound 1 is outlined in the specification of U.S. Patent Number 4,794,114.
  • the method of the subject invention may also be carried out by delivering Compounds 1 or 2 orally.
  • Appropriate dosage forms for such administration may be prepared by conventional techniques.
  • a suitable dose of Compounds 1 or 2 administered orally will preferably be from about 1 to about 100 mg/kilogram of total body weight per day. More preferably from about 2mg/kg to about 60mg/kg per day. More detailed information about oral formulation of Compound 1 is outlined in the specification of U.S. Patent Numbers 4,794,114.
  • This invention relates to the use of a compound of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III), Formula (IV), or Formula (V) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a human afflicted with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which comprises administering to such human an effective amount of a monokine activity interfering agent of Formula's (I) -(V).
  • HAV human immunodeficiency virus
  • Compound 2 shows a reduction in serum TNF levels in the P acnes/LPS treated mice model as depicted by the data shown in Figure 1, which demonstrates decreased levels of in vivo TNF relative to increased oral dosage of Compound 2.
  • Figure 2 demonstrates inhibition of TNF production, also in the P. acnes/LPS Model for both Compounds 1 and 2.
  • Figure 3 demonstrates that (intra-peritoneal) i.p.injection of Compound 1 on inhibitis TNF production in the LPS-Gal mouse model of endotoxic shock.
  • Figure 4 shows a comparison of the reduction of serum TNF levels at 100 mg/kg for both Compounds 1 and 2 in the LPS-GAL Model.
  • Figure 5 demonstrates 100% survival rate of the animals with endotoxic shock in the LPS-GAL model after treatment with Compounds 1 and 2 compared to only a 30% survival rate of the animals in the control group.
  • the compounds of the present invention inhibit TNF production in a mammal. Therefore, the compounds of the present invention are useful as monokine activity interfering agents, e.g. they are useful in inhibiting the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by monocytes or macrophages in a human.
  • TNF tumor necrosis factor
  • mice obtained from Charles River Laboratories (Stone Ridge, New York, USA) of 6-12 weeks of age were injected i.v. with 0.1 mg of LPS from Salmonella typhosa (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Michigan, USA) admixed with D(+)-­gal (Sigma; 500 mg/kg) in 0.20-0.25 ml pyrogen-free saline.
  • LPS Salmonella typhosa
  • D(+)-­gal Sigma; 500 mg/kg
  • Compounds to be tested were administered at various times prior to or following the iv. injection of LPS/D-gal. In this model, the control animals usually die 5-6 hr. following the injection of LPS, although on occasion deaths are seen between 24 and 48 hr.
  • P. acnes was purchased from Burroughs Wellcome (Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA), and 1 microgram (ug)of the heat-killed bacteria was administered in 0.5 ml pyrogen-free saline by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to male C57BL/6 mice, obtained from Charles River Laboratories (Stone Ridge, New York, USA) of 6-12 weeks of age. Ten days later, the mice were injected iv. with 1 mg LPS in 0.25 ml saline. Compounds to be tested were administered at various times prior to or following the injection of LPS. The survival of animals was monitored for 1 week.
  • Plasma levels of TNF were measured using a modification of the basic sandwich ELISA method described in Winston et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Pg. 11.2.1, Ausubel et al., Ed. (1987) John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
  • the Elisa employed a hampster monoclonal anti-mouse TNF (Genzyme, Boston, MA, USA) as the capture antibody and a polyclonal rabbit anti-murine TNF (Genzyme, Boston, MA, USA) as the detecting antibody.
  • TNF levels in rat samples were calculated from a standard curve genereated with recombinant murine TNF (Genzyme, Boston, MA, USA).
  • TNF levels determined by ELISA correlated with levels detected by the L929 bioassay of Ruff et. al., J. Immunol. 125 :1671-1677 (1980), with 1 Unit of activity in the bioassay corresponding to 70 picograms (pg) of TNF in the ELISA.
  • the ELISA detected levels of TNF down to 25 pg/ml.
  • LPS Bacterial lipopolysaccharide
  • Test compounds were then added to the cells for 1 hour (hr) before the addition of LPS (50 ng/ml), and the cultures were incubated at 37 o C for an additional 24 hours. At the end of the incubation period, culture supernatants were removed and clarified of cells and all debris. Culture supernatants were immediately assayed for TNF levels in the manner described below.
  • TNF TNF-binding protein
  • the Elisa employes a murine monoclonal anti-human TNF antibody, described below, as the capture antibody and a polyclonal rabbit anti-human TNF , described below, as the second antibody.
  • TNF levels in samples were calculated from a standard curve genereated with recombinant human TNF produced in E. Coli (obtained from SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussisa, PA, USA).
  • Monoclonal antibodies to human TNF were prepared from spleens of BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant human TNF using a modification of the method of Kohler and Millstein, Nature 256 : 495(1975), the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Polyclonal rabbit anti-human TNF antibodies were prepared by repeated immunization of New Zeland White (NZW) rabbits with recombinant human TNF emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (DIFCO, IL., USA).
  • the sulfinyl derivatives function as prodrugs to their corresponding sulfide, i.e., they function in vivo to inhibit the production of TNF, because they are metabolized so that they are reductively converted, in vivo , to their corresponding biologically active alkylthio or alkenylthio form. Proof of this in vivo conversion of the sulfinyl derivatives to a biologically active form is indicated by the in vivo activity of the sulfinyl compounds in the in vivo assay described in Utility Models Examples A and B for Compound 2.

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EP19900306440 1989-06-13 1990-06-13 Einmischung in der Aktivität der Monokine Withdrawn EP0403251A3 (de)

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WO1993002692A1 (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-02-18 Duke University Method of combatting hiv infections
EP0563286A1 (de) * 1990-12-13 1993-10-06 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Neue cytokin unterdrückende medikamente mit entzündungshemmenden eigenschaften
EP0565582A1 (de) * 1990-12-13 1993-10-20 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Cytokinin-suppresoren als neue entzündungshemmende medikamente
US5552422A (en) * 1995-01-11 1996-09-03 Merck Frosst Canada, Inc. Aryl substituted 5,5 fused aromatic nitrogen compounds as anti-inflammatory agents
EP0610336B1 (de) * 1991-10-31 2002-03-27 The Victoria University Of Manchester Behandlung von neurologischen Zuständen durch eine Interleukin-i-inhibierende Verbindung
US6610697B1 (en) 1999-11-10 2003-08-26 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. Substituted 2-aryl-3-(heteroaryl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines, and related pharmaceutical compositions and methods
US7186714B2 (en) 2001-06-21 2007-03-06 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine derivatives for the prophylaxis and treatment of herpes viral infections
US7244740B2 (en) 2001-10-05 2007-07-17 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Imidazo-pyridine derivatives for use in the treatment of herpes viral infection
US8188083B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2012-05-29 Abbott Laboratories Triazolopyridazines
US20130018052A1 (en) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Sk Chemicals Co., Ltd. 2-pyridyl substituted imidazoles as alk5 and/or alk4 inhibitors

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DK0542795T5 (da) * 1990-08-03 1998-09-07 Smithkline Beecham Corp TNF-inhibitorer
US5783664A (en) * 1993-09-17 1998-07-21 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Cytokine suppressive anit-inflammatory drug binding proteins
PT948495E (pt) 1996-11-19 2004-08-31 Amgen Inc Agentes anti-inflamatorios de pirrolo fundido substituidos em arilo e heteroarilo
NZ519172A (en) * 1999-12-06 2004-03-26 Leo Pharm Prod Ltd Aminobenzophenones as inhibitors of IL-1beta and TNF- alpha
US7947731B2 (en) 2000-08-10 2011-05-24 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Augmented cognitive training
US20120220581A1 (en) 2009-10-30 2012-08-30 Janssen-Cilag, S.A. IMIDAZO[1,2-b]PYRIDAZINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS PDE10 INHIBITORS
AR080754A1 (es) 2010-03-09 2012-05-09 Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv Derivados de imidazo (1,2-a) pirazina y su uso como inhibidores de pde10
US10604523B2 (en) 2011-06-27 2020-03-31 Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv 1-aryl-4-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline derivatives
CN104411312B (zh) 2012-06-26 2018-03-06 詹森药业有限公司 包括pde2抑制剂例如1‑芳基‑4‑甲基‑[1,2,4]三唑[4,3‑a]‑喹喔啉化合物和pde10抑制剂的用于在治疗神经病学障碍或代谢障碍中使用的组合
CN104411314B (zh) 2012-07-09 2017-10-20 詹森药业有限公司 磷酸二酯酶10的抑制剂

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PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, vol. 86, April 1989, pages 2336-2340; L. OSBORN et al.: "Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 stimulate the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer by activation of the nuclear factor kB" *
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0563286A1 (de) * 1990-12-13 1993-10-06 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Neue cytokin unterdrückende medikamente mit entzündungshemmenden eigenschaften
EP0565582A1 (de) * 1990-12-13 1993-10-20 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Cytokinin-suppresoren als neue entzündungshemmende medikamente
EP0563286A4 (en) * 1990-12-13 1995-01-11 Smithkline Beecham Corp Novel csaids
EP0565582A4 (de) * 1990-12-13 1995-01-11 Smithkline Beecham Corp Cytokinin-suppresoren als neue entzündungshemmende medikamente.
WO1993002692A1 (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-02-18 Duke University Method of combatting hiv infections
EP0610336B1 (de) * 1991-10-31 2002-03-27 The Victoria University Of Manchester Behandlung von neurologischen Zuständen durch eine Interleukin-i-inhibierende Verbindung
US5552422A (en) * 1995-01-11 1996-09-03 Merck Frosst Canada, Inc. Aryl substituted 5,5 fused aromatic nitrogen compounds as anti-inflammatory agents
US6610697B1 (en) 1999-11-10 2003-08-26 Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. Substituted 2-aryl-3-(heteroaryl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines, and related pharmaceutical compositions and methods
US7186714B2 (en) 2001-06-21 2007-03-06 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine derivatives for the prophylaxis and treatment of herpes viral infections
US7244740B2 (en) 2001-10-05 2007-07-17 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Imidazo-pyridine derivatives for use in the treatment of herpes viral infection
US8188083B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2012-05-29 Abbott Laboratories Triazolopyridazines
US20130018052A1 (en) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Sk Chemicals Co., Ltd. 2-pyridyl substituted imidazoles as alk5 and/or alk4 inhibitors
US10155763B2 (en) * 2011-07-13 2018-12-18 Tiumbio Co., Ltd. 2-pyridyl substituted imidazoles as ALK5 and/or ALK4 inhibitors

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WO1990015534A1 (en) 1990-12-27
KR920702606A (ko) 1992-10-06
EP0403251A3 (de) 1992-04-01
AU5921890A (en) 1991-01-08

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