EP0402800B1 - Pressure cheek in the drawing apparatus of a press - Google Patents

Pressure cheek in the drawing apparatus of a press Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0402800B1
EP0402800B1 EP90110929A EP90110929A EP0402800B1 EP 0402800 B1 EP0402800 B1 EP 0402800B1 EP 90110929 A EP90110929 A EP 90110929A EP 90110929 A EP90110929 A EP 90110929A EP 0402800 B1 EP0402800 B1 EP 0402800B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
segments
drawing apparatus
tool
cheek
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90110929A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0402800A1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Baur
Rudi Brandstetter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
L Schuler GmbH
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L Schuler GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by L Schuler GmbH filed Critical L Schuler GmbH
Publication of EP0402800A1 publication Critical patent/EP0402800A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0402800B1 publication Critical patent/EP0402800B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D24/00—Special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses
    • B21D24/02—Die-cushions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
    • B30B15/068—Drive connections, e.g. pivotal

Definitions

  • the invention relates in particular to drawing apparatuses, the pressure cheeks used in these.
  • the pressure cheek of a drawing apparatus transfers the force to be applied by the pressure cylinders to the sheet metal holder as a counterforce to the drawing process and the force and movement to eject the workpieces from the drawing tool.
  • the pressure cylinders can be readjusted to different initial pressures and the pressures during the drawing process.
  • the sheet metal holders of the tools are rigid structures in themselves, as are the pressure cheeks in the drawing apparatus, so that the difference between the discretely set pressures and pressure profiles in the pressure cylinders has only a limited effect on the workpiece or its edge areas.
  • DE-A-3 807 683 further describes pressure control pressure regulating means for the application of pressure cylinders in the phase preceding the drawing process, in the phase of the drawing process and in the phase following the drawing process.
  • the pressure cheek is divided into individual segments, which can be acted upon independently of each other by a pressure cylinder.
  • a press table which has three pressure cheeks.
  • Each of the pressure cheeks works with a single air cylinder.
  • the pressure cheeks can be clamped together to form a rigid structure by means of displaceable mechanical bolts.
  • Each of the segments of the pressure cheek is thus sensitive to the requirements of drawing in partial (edge) areas of the workpiece or several workpieces to be formed simultaneously.
  • a proven component is used for the connection between the segments of the pressure cheek.
  • the item number 2 indicates a sliding table that can be moved into and out of the press.
  • the sliding table carries a tool, indicated with 19, a tool set or several individual tools.
  • the tools have sheet metal holders with which pressure bolts 4 guided in the perforated plate 16 of the sliding table interact. All pressure bolts are set.
  • the push pins are held for the sliding table change by a thin-walled pin plate 3 from below in the sliding table.
  • the drawing apparatus is essentially formed by pressure cylinder 9 for pulling and possibly a pressure cylinder 10 for ejection, the pressure cylinders being held on the base plate 14, further by guided pressure rods 8 and a pressure cheek 5 which can be raised and lowered.
  • the pressure cheek is divided into individual ones Segments 6, here in three segments.
  • the push rods are by means of balls or the like.
  • Joints 13 placed against the segments from below. The segments have shoulders, as a result of which protruding stops 11 are formed on the outer (outer) segments, which corresponding assumptions in the the inner (inner) seggent grasp in a way that spans the inner segment.
  • Fig. 2 shows the pressure attack of the pressure cylinder 9 in the corner regions 7 of the segments 6. At 20, guide means for the inner segment or segments are indicated.
  • the design of a tool it may be sensible to set only pressure bolts 4 above the inner segment 6 according to FIG. 4.
  • the four pressure cylinders acting on the inner segment via the outer segments are controlled.
  • the pressure cylinders located on the outside and acting on the outer segments are actuated in the sense of a parallel raising and lowering of the outer segments.
  • an assignment of the perforated plate 16 with pressure pin 4 according to FIG. 5 may be appropriate.
  • the figures 6 to 9 serve to compare the invention and the prior art.
  • 6 shows three pressure cheeks 5 according to DE-C 951 146 mentioned at the beginning. Each of the pressure cheeks can be acted upon by a pressure cylinder (arrow 18). The pressure cheeks can be connected to each other to form a rigid structure by means of locking bolts 17.
  • FIG. 7 has a pressure cheek 5 with three, or as indicated here, a plurality of segments 6. Each of the segments can be acted upon independently by pressure cylinders (arrow 18). The pressure cylinders act on the segments in the corner regions, as has been shown in FIG. 2.
  • the figures 8 and 9 show configurations according to FIGS. 1 to 5 with differently arranged, protruding stops 11.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Ziehapparate insbesondere die in diesen eingesetzten Druckwangen.The invention relates in particular to drawing apparatuses, the pressure cheeks used in these.

Die Druckwange eines Ziehapparats überträgt die von den Druckzylindern aufzubringende Kraft auf den Blechhalter als Gegenkraft zum Ziehvorgang und die Kraft und Bewegung zum Auswerfen der Werkstücke aus dem Zieh-Werkzeug heraus. Zur Vermeidung von Rissen in den Werkstücken bei zu hoher Blechhalterkraft und von Faltenbildung bei zu geringer Blechhalterkraft während des Ziehens sind die Druckzylinder auf unterschiedliche Anfangsdrücke und die Drücke während des Ziehvorgangs einzeln nachregelbar.The pressure cheek of a drawing apparatus transfers the force to be applied by the pressure cylinders to the sheet metal holder as a counterforce to the drawing process and the force and movement to eject the workpieces from the drawing tool. To avoid cracks in the workpieces when the sheet metal holder force is too high and wrinkles when the sheet metal holder force is too low during drawing, the pressure cylinders can be readjusted to different initial pressures and the pressures during the drawing process.

Die Blechhalter der Werkzeuge sind in sich starre Gebilde, ebenso die Druckwangen in den Ziehapparaten, so daß sich die Differenz der diskret eingestellten Drücke und Druckverläufe in den Druckzylindern nur bedingt auf das Werkstück bzw. deren Randbereiche auswirken.The sheet metal holders of the tools are rigid structures in themselves, as are the pressure cheeks in the drawing apparatus, so that the difference between the discretely set pressures and pressure profiles in the pressure cylinders has only a limited effect on the workpiece or its edge areas.

In unserer nicht vorveröffentlichten DE-A-38 07 683. ist ein Ziehapparat in Ziehstufen einer Presse beschrieben worden für Ziehteile (Werkstücke) von unten haltende Blechhalter. Die Blechhalter sind von einer Druckwange des Ziehapparats beaufschlagbar, deren Bewegungen und momentane Gegenhaltekraft in Druckzylindern gesteuert bzw. geregelt wird. Die DE-A-3 807 683 beschreibt weiterhin Drucksteuer-Druckregelmittel für die Beaufschlagung der Druckzylinder in der dem Ziehvorgang vorausgehenden Phase, in der Phase des Ziehvorgangs und in der dem Ziehvorgang nachfolgenden Phase. Zur Abstützung des Blechhalters in diskreten Punkten ist die Druckwange in einzelne Segmente unterteilt, die unabhängig voneinander durch jeweils einen Druckzylinder beaufschlagbar sind.In our unpublished DE-A-38 07 683. a drawing apparatus in drawing stages of a press has been described for sheet metal holders holding drawn parts (workpieces) from below. The sheet metal holders can be acted upon by a pressure cheek of the drawing apparatus, the movements and momentary counterforce of which are controlled or regulated in pressure cylinders. DE-A-3 807 683 further describes pressure control pressure regulating means for the application of pressure cylinders in the phase preceding the drawing process, in the phase of the drawing process and in the phase following the drawing process. To support the sheet metal holder in discrete points, the pressure cheek is divided into individual segments, which can be acted upon independently of each other by a pressure cylinder.

Aus der DE-C-951 146 ist ein Pressentisch bekannt, der drei Druckwangen aufweist. Jede der Druckwangen wirkt mit einem einzigen Druckluftzylinder zusammen. Die Druckwangen sind untereinander durch verschiebbare mechanische Riegel verspannbar zu einem in sich starren Gebilde. Zudem ist es für einen Gleichlauf der Druckwangen erforderlich, die Druckluftzylinder zusammenzuschalten. Eine diskrete Steuerung/Regelung des Bewegungs- und Druckverlaufs der einzelnen Druckwangen ist dann nicht möglich.From DE-C-951 146 a press table is known which has three pressure cheeks. Each of the pressure cheeks works with a single air cylinder. The pressure cheeks can be clamped together to form a rigid structure by means of displaceable mechanical bolts. In addition, for the pressure cheeks to synchronize, it is necessary to interconnect the compressed air cylinders. A discrete control / regulation of the movement and pressure curve of the individual pressure cheeks is then not possible.

In der nicht vorveröffentlichten EP-A1-0 401 534 ist eine hydraulische Zieheinrichtung im Pressentisch einer Presse beschrieben, bei der die Zieheinrichtung für den Betrieb mit eine in der Mitte der Ziehstation befindlichen Werkzeug und für den Betrieb mit zwei in Durchlaufrichtung parallel angeordneten Werkzeugen anwählbar ist. Die Blechhalterkraft ist jeweils an den vier Eckpunkten des bzw. der Blechhalter über Druckwangen wirkend und entsprechend dem Formungsgrad einstellbar.In the unpublished EP-A1-0 401 534 a hydraulic pulling device in the press table of a press is described, in which the pulling device can be selected for operation with a tool located in the middle of the pulling station and for operation with two tools arranged in parallel in the direction of passage . The sheet metal holder force is effective at the four corner points of the sheet metal holder (s) via pressure cheeks and can be adjusted according to the degree of shaping.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, unabhängig von der Anzahl und Größe der auf dem Ziehapparat aufliegenden Werkzeuge bzw. Werkzeugsätze, die Möglichkeiten der vor, während und nach der Ziehphase wirkenden Druck-Steuerung bzw. Druckregelung in den Druckzylindern voll auf den Blechhalter und somit auf das Werkstück zu übertragen.It is an object of the invention, regardless of the number and size of the tools or tool sets lying on the drawing apparatus, the possibilities of the pressure control or pressure regulation acting before, during and after the drawing phase in the pressure cylinders fully on the sheet metal holder and thus on the Transfer workpiece.

Die Aufgabe ist nach der Erfindung gelöst durch die Merkmale nach Anspruch 1. Jedes der Segmente der Druckwange ist somit feinfühlig auf die Erfordernisse des Ziehens in Teil- (Rand-) bereichen des Werkstücks bzw. mehrerer gleichzeitig zu formender Werkstücke einstellbar.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features according to claim 1. Each of the segments of the pressure cheek is thus sensitive to the requirements of drawing in partial (edge) areas of the workpiece or several workpieces to be formed simultaneously.

Es sind vielgestaltige Verbindungsmöglichkeiten zwischen den Segmenten der Druckwange gegeben bei hoher Anpassung an die Bedingungen des Ziehbetriebs.There are various connection options between the segments of the pressure cheek with high adaptation to the conditions of the drawing operation.

Entsprechend einer Ausführungsform nach Anspruch 2 wird für die Verbindung zwischen den Segmenten der Druckwange auf ein bewährtes Bauteil zurückgegriffen.According to an embodiment according to claim 2, a proven component is used for the connection between the segments of the pressure cheek.

Mit der Maßnahme entsprechend der Merkmale nach dem Anspruch 3 kann wiederum die Anzahl an Druckzylindern verringert werden, wobei trotzdem die Ziehverhältnisse in dem jeweiligen Druckpunkt und in den Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Ziehapparat mit einer in Segmente geteilten Druckwange in einer Schnittdarstellung nach dem Schnittverlauf I-I in Fig. 2,
Fig. 2
den Ziehapparat mit einem auf diesen verfahrenen Schiebetisch in einer Draufsicht,
Fig. 3
eine vergrößerte Darstellung des in Fig. 1 mit III angedeuteten Bereichs,
Fign. 4 u. 5
jeweils den oberen Bereich des Ziehapparats gemäß Fig. 1 zur DarstelLung unterschiedlicher Belegungen der Lochplatte des Schiebetisches,
Fig. 6
eine vereinfachte Darstellung von Druckwangen bekannter Art und
Fign. 7 bis 9
einige von verschiedenen möglichen Ausgestaltungsformen der Segmente der Druckwange eines Ziehapparats nach der Erfindung.
With the measure according to the features of claim 3, the number of printing cylinders can in turn be reduced, the drawing conditions in the respective pressure point and in the Show it:
Fig. 1
a drawing apparatus with a pressure cheek divided into segments in a sectional view according to the section line II in Fig. 2,
Fig. 2
the drawing apparatus with a sliding table moved on it in a plan view,
Fig. 3
2 shows an enlarged representation of the region indicated by III in FIG. 1,
Fig. 4 u. 5
1 for the representation of different assignments of the perforated plate of the sliding table,
Fig. 6
a simplified representation of pressure cheeks of known type and
Fig. 7 to 9
some of different possible configurations of the segments of the pressure cheek of a drawing apparatus according to the invention.

Der Ziehapparat in Fig. 1 ist in dem Pressentisch 1 vermittels einer Grundplatte 14 gehalten. Mit der Positionsziffer 2 wird auf einen Schiebetisch hingewiesen, der in die Presse und aus dieser heraus verfahrbar ist. Der Schiebetisch trägt ein mit 19 angedeutetes Werkzeug, einen Werkzeugsatz oder mehrere Einzel-Werkzeuge. Die Werkzeuge weisen Blechhalter auf, mit denen in der Lochplatte 16 des Schiebetisches geführte Druckbolzen 4 zusammenwirken. Es sind alle Druckbolzen gesetzt. Die Druckbolzen sind für den Schiebetischwechsel durch eine dünnwandige Stiftplatte 3 von unten in dem Schiebetisch gehalten.1 is held in the press table 1 by means of a base plate 14. The item number 2 indicates a sliding table that can be moved into and out of the press. The sliding table carries a tool, indicated with 19, a tool set or several individual tools. The tools have sheet metal holders with which pressure bolts 4 guided in the perforated plate 16 of the sliding table interact. All pressure bolts are set. The push pins are held for the sliding table change by a thin-walled pin plate 3 from below in the sliding table.

Der Ziehapparat wird im wesentlichen gebildet durch Druckzylinder 9 zum Ziehen und ggf. einen Druckzylinder 10 zum Auswerfen, wobei die Druckzylinder an der Grundplatte 14 gehalten sind, weiterhin durch geführte Druckstangen 8 und eine heb- und senkbare Druckwange 5. Die Druckwange ist unterteilt in einzelne Segmente 6, hier in drei Segmente. Die Druckstangen sind vermittels Kugel- o.dgl. Gelenke 13 von unten gegen die Segmente gelegt. Die Segmente weisen Absätze auf, wodurch an den außen befindlichen (äußeren) Segeenten überstehende Anschlage 11 gebildet sind, die in dementsprechende Ansnehmungen in dem innen befindlichen (inneren) Seggent greifen in einer das innere Segment untergreifenden Weise.The drawing apparatus is essentially formed by pressure cylinder 9 for pulling and possibly a pressure cylinder 10 for ejection, the pressure cylinders being held on the base plate 14, further by guided pressure rods 8 and a pressure cheek 5 which can be raised and lowered. The pressure cheek is divided into individual ones Segments 6, here in three segments. The push rods are by means of balls or the like. Joints 13 placed against the segments from below. The segments have shoulders, as a result of which protruding stops 11 are formed on the outer (outer) segments, which corresponding assumptions in the the inner (inner) seggent grasp in a way that spans the inner segment.

Entsprechend Fig. 3 sind zwischen den Anschlägen 11 an den beiden äußeren der Segmente 6 und jeweils einer den Anschlägen gegenüber befindlichen Anlagefäche 15 an dem inneren Segment Kugel- o.dgl. Gelenke 12 eingesetzt, um so z.B. das innere Segment durch den Auswerferzylinder anheben zu können. Wesentlich ist hierbei der Einfluß auf die Federsteifigkeit (Umgehung) durch die Mehrgliedrigkeit der Druckwange.According to FIG. 3, between the stops 11 on the two outer segments 6 and one abutment surface 15 located opposite the stops on the inner segment ball or the like. Joints 12 used, e.g. to be able to lift the inner segment through the ejector cylinder. What is important here is the influence on the spring stiffness (bypassing) due to the multiple links of the pressure cheek.

Fig. 2 läßt den Druckangriff der Druckzylinder 9 in den Eckbereichen 7 der Segmente 6 erkennen. Mit 20 sind Führungsmittel für das bzw. die inneren Segmente angedeutet.Fig. 2 shows the pressure attack of the pressure cylinder 9 in the corner regions 7 of the segments 6. At 20, guide means for the inner segment or segments are indicated.

Entsprechend der Gestaltung eines Werkzeugs kann es sinnvoll sein, nach Fig. 4 nur Druckbolzen 4 oberhalb des inneren Segments 6 zu setzen. Hierbei werden die vier, über die äußeren Segmente an dem inneren Segment angreifenden Druckzylinder gesteuert. Die außen liegenden und an den äußeren Segmenten angreifenden Druckzylinder werden im Sinne eines parallelen Hochlaufens und Absenkens der äußeren Segmente angesteuert.According to the design of a tool, it may be sensible to set only pressure bolts 4 above the inner segment 6 according to FIG. 4. Here, the four pressure cylinders acting on the inner segment via the outer segments are controlled. The pressure cylinders located on the outside and acting on the outer segments are actuated in the sense of a parallel raising and lowering of the outer segments.

Entsprechend der Gestaltung eines Werkzeugs, eines Werkzeugsatzes oder z.B. zweier Werkzeuge fuhr beispielsweise eine linke und eine dazu spiegelgleiche rechte Seitentür kann eine Belegung der Lochplatte 16 mit Druckbolzen 4 nach Fig. 5 zweckmäßig sein.According to the design of a tool, a tool set or e.g. two tools drove, for example, a left and a mirror-like right side door, an assignment of the perforated plate 16 with pressure pin 4 according to FIG. 5 may be appropriate.

Die Fign. 6 bis 9 dienen dem Vergleich zwischen der Erfindung und dem Stand der Technik. Fig. 6 zeigt drei Druckwangen 5 gemäß der eingangs angeführten DE-C 951 146. Jede der Druckwangen ist durch einen Druckzylinder (Pfeil 18) beaufschlagbar. Die Druckwangen sind durch Sperriegel 17 untereinander zu einem starren Gebilde verbindbar.The figures 6 to 9 serve to compare the invention and the prior art. 6 shows three pressure cheeks 5 according to DE-C 951 146 mentioned at the beginning. Each of the pressure cheeks can be acted upon by a pressure cylinder (arrow 18). The pressure cheeks can be connected to each other to form a rigid structure by means of locking bolts 17.

Demgegenüber weist Fig. 7 eine Druckwange 5 auf mit drei, oder wie hier angedeutet, mehreren Segmenten 6. Jedes der Segmente ist unabhängig voneinander durch Druckzylinder (Pfeil 18) beaufschlagbar. Die Druckzylinder greifen in den Eckbereichen, wie es in Fig. 2 dargestellt worden ist, an den Segmenten an.In contrast, FIG. 7 has a pressure cheek 5 with three, or as indicated here, a plurality of segments 6. Each of the segments can be acted upon independently by pressure cylinders (arrow 18). The pressure cylinders act on the segments in the corner regions, as has been shown in FIG. 2.

Die Fign. 8 und 9 zeigen Ausgestaltungen gemäß der Fign. 1 bis 5 mit unterschiedlich angeordneten, überstehenden Anschlägen 11.The figures 8 and 9 show configurations according to FIGS. 1 to 5 with differently arranged, protruding stops 11.

Claims (3)

  1. Drawing apparatus in a press, having pressure cylinders (9, 10) which act, via a pressure cheek (5), upon the blank holder and workpiece in the tool (19), the pressure cheek (5) being divided up into individual segments (6) and the segments (6) being able to be laid individually or jointly against blank holders of a tool (19) or of a tool set, where a plurality of tools or tool sets are used, against blank holders which can be pressurized differently and also simultaneously, having a pressure cylinder (9) which impacts upon each of the corner regions (7) of the segments (6), and one of two adjacent segments, in each case, being provided with projecting stops (11) which reach beneath the other segment.
  2. Drawing apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that between each stop (11) on the one adjacent segment (6) and a bearing surface (15) there is fitted, on the other of the segments, a ball joint or similar joint (12).
  3. Drawing apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure cylinders (9) are laid against the projecting stops (11) such that they pressurize segments (6) adjacent to the corner regions (7).
EP90110929A 1989-06-14 1990-06-09 Pressure cheek in the drawing apparatus of a press Expired - Lifetime EP0402800B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3919372 1989-06-14
DE3919372A DE3919372A1 (en) 1989-06-14 1989-06-14 PRESSURE WIRE IN THE DRAWER OF A PRESS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0402800A1 EP0402800A1 (en) 1990-12-19
EP0402800B1 true EP0402800B1 (en) 1994-03-30

Family

ID=6382705

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90110929A Expired - Lifetime EP0402800B1 (en) 1989-06-14 1990-06-09 Pressure cheek in the drawing apparatus of a press

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0402800B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3919372A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2052101T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1275537B (en) * 1995-07-14 1997-08-07 Siti Spa DEVICE SUITABLE FOR USE WITH A PRESSING APPARATUS
DE19928422A1 (en) † 1999-06-23 2000-12-28 Mueller Weingarten Maschf Press for external high pressure molding

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE951146C (en) * 1952-08-30 1956-10-25 Weingarten Ag Maschf Compressed air device for sheet metal drawing presses
EP0401534A1 (en) * 1989-05-13 1990-12-12 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG Hydraulic drawing system in a single or double working press

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3494169A (en) * 1966-01-21 1970-02-10 Nat Steel Corp Deep drawing method and apparatus
DE2331754C3 (en) * 1973-06-22 1978-11-30 G. Iempelkamp Gmbh & Co, 4150 Krefeld Hydraulic pipe bending press
US3947005A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-03-30 Wallis Bernard J Fluid spring assembly

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE951146C (en) * 1952-08-30 1956-10-25 Weingarten Ag Maschf Compressed air device for sheet metal drawing presses
EP0401534A1 (en) * 1989-05-13 1990-12-12 Maschinenfabrik Müller-Weingarten AG Hydraulic drawing system in a single or double working press

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3919372A1 (en) 1990-12-20
ES2052101T3 (en) 1994-07-01
EP0402800A1 (en) 1990-12-19
DE59005154D1 (en) 1994-05-05

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