EP0399234B1 - Ampoule - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0399234B1
EP0399234B1 EP90107913A EP90107913A EP0399234B1 EP 0399234 B1 EP0399234 B1 EP 0399234B1 EP 90107913 A EP90107913 A EP 90107913A EP 90107913 A EP90107913 A EP 90107913A EP 0399234 B1 EP0399234 B1 EP 0399234B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ampoule
neck
cone
section
contact
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP90107913A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0399234A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Hansen
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61JCONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/05Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids ; Infusion or perfusion containers
    • A61J1/06Ampoules or carpules
    • A61J1/067Flexible ampoules, the contents of which are expelled by squeezing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61JCONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/20Arrangements for transferring or mixing fluids, e.g. from vial to syringe
    • A61J1/2003Accessories used in combination with means for transfer or mixing of fluids, e.g. for activating fluid flow, separating fluids, filtering fluid or venting
    • A61J1/2068Venting means
    • A61J1/2075Venting means for external venting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61JCONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J1/00Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
    • A61J1/14Details; Accessories therefor
    • A61J1/20Arrangements for transferring or mixing fluids, e.g. from vial to syringe
    • A61J1/2096Combination of a vial and a syringe for transferring or mixing their contents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S215/00Bottles and jars
    • Y10S215/902Vent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ampoule, in particular made of plastic, for a liquid which is withdrawn from the ampoule by means of a syringe body which has a standard cone at its end to be inserted into the ampoule neck, with a design of the ampoule neck for the standard cone to rest on the inner wall of the ampoule neck along a line.
  • EP-A-0 326 391, EP-A-0 327 397 and EP-A-0 344 476 which form prior art in accordance with Article 54 (3) EPC and are therefore not prepublished to design the ampoule neck so that air can enter the ampoule while the contents are being removed.
  • a section of the ampoule neck which has either a cylindrical or a conical inner surface has, to which the outer circumferential surface of the cone of a syringe can be brought into tight contact, provided with two diametrically arranged longitudinal channels which extend over the entire length of this section and are open to the interior of the ampoule neck.
  • the same effect as with these groove-like longitudinal channels is obtained with an ampoule neck, the portion of which serves to receive the cone of the syringe forms an oval channel.
  • the ampoule neck can also have, in addition to the channel which serves to receive the cone of the syringe, a channel which is completely separate therefrom for the passage of air.
  • a section with a larger diameter adjoins this section towards the free end.
  • the invention is based on the object To create an ampoule in which, while the contents are withdrawn between the standardized cone of a syringe inserted into the ampoule neck and the inner wall of the ampoule neck, no liquid can escape, but the ampoule neck does not need to be provided with longitudinal channels. This object is achieved by an ampoule with the features of claim 1.
  • An embodiment of the ampoule neck according to claim 2 is particularly advantageous, since such an ampoule neck ensures that the contact between the cone and the ampoule neck can only take place in the designated area of the ampoule neck.
  • the free end of the ampoule neck is designed as a contact surface for the end face of the syringe body that carries the cone.
  • an embodiment of the ampoule neck according to claim 2 is particularly advantageous, since such an ampoule neck ensures that the contact between the cone and the ampoule neck can only take place in the area of the ampoule neck intended for this purpose.
  • the design of the ampoule neck can be such that the inner wall of the ampoule neck has a conical or circular-cylindrical shape at least in the area intended for receiving the cone.
  • Such a section can be calibrated relatively easily during ampoule production to the desired value and with the desired tolerance.
  • first section 5 of the neck 2 the diameter of which is smaller than that of the ampoule body.
  • This section is followed by a smaller diameter cylindrical section 6, the inside diameter of which is somewhat larger than the largest diameter of a standardized cone 7 for medical devices, which is provided on one end face of a syringe body 8.
  • the end of the cylindrical section 6 facing away from the first section 5 is followed by a third section 9, which forms an annular bead projecting inward beyond the inner wall of the cylindrical section 6.
  • the inside diameter of the neck 2 at the narrowest point formed by the annular bead is somewhat smaller than the largest diameter of the cone 7.
  • the third section 9 merges into a fourth section 10, which extends outwards over the cylindrical section 6 and the third section 9 protruding bead forms and a larger inner diameter than the third section 9.
  • the fourth section 10 is connected to the head 3 via a predetermined breaking point with reduced wall thickness.
  • the head 3 can be separated from the neck 2 by rotating or tilting the toggle 4. Since the end face 10 'of the fourth section 10 which is exposed after the head 3 is separated from the neck 2 forms the contact surface for the end face of the syringe body 8 which carries the cone 7, the distance of the end face 10' measured in the longitudinal direction of the neck 2 is from the narrowest point of the neck 2 in the region of the third section 9 is selected such that the cone inserted into the neck 2 lies at a defined, relatively low pressure on the third section 9 of the neck 2 when the end face of the syringe body 8 carrying the cone 7 is on the end face 10 'is present.
  • the contact pressure between the cone 7 and the inner surface of the third section 9 is chosen such that air can enter the ampoule 1 to the extent that its content is sucked through the cone 7 by means of a piston contained in the syringe body 8, but that the liquid contained in the ampoule 1 is not along the jacket of the cone 7 or the inner lateral surface of the neck 2 can emerge, even if the ampoule 1, as usual, is upside down during the withdrawal of the liquid, that is to say its neck 2 points downward.
  • the invention relates to an ampoule, in particular made of plastic, for a liquid which is removed from the ampoule by means of a syringe body which has a standard cone at its end to be inserted into the ampoule neck.
  • the ampoule neck which is closed by means of a breakable head formed in one piece with it, forms an inner cone which is adapted to the cone of the syringe body.
  • the ampoule is therefore sealed when the cone of the syringe body is completely inserted into the ampoule neck in order to remove the contents of the ampoule. If the ampoule can collapse when its contents are removed, there is at most a slight negative pressure in the ampoule, which practically does not interfere with the removal of the liquid from the ampoule.
  • EP-A-0 088 056 proposes either to only partially fill the ampoule or to press air into the ampoule before the contents are removed. The former is uneconomical and the latter is difficult. In addition, the injection of air is undesirable for reasons of sterility.
  • a section of the ampoule neck intended for the installation of the standard cone is provided on its inside with at least one inwardly open longitudinal groove which allows air to pass through, but not liquid to pass between the cone wall and the inner wall of the ampoule neck.
  • an embodiment of the ampoule neck according to claim 4 is particularly advantageous, since such an ampoule neck ensures that the contact between the cone and the ampoule neck can only take place in the area of the ampoule neck intended for this purpose.
  • the design of the ampoule neck can be such that the inner wall of the ampoule neck has a conical or circular-cylindrical shape at least in the area intended for receiving the cone.
  • Such a section can be calibrated relatively easily during ampoule production to the desired value and with the desired tolerance.
  • a dimensionally stable ampoule 1 made of plastic in a blowing process contains a pharmaceutical liquid to be injected by means of a syringe.
  • a neck 3 of the ampoule 1, which is designated as a whole by 2 is followed by a head 3 which is formed in one piece with it and which in turn is formed in one piece with a molded-on toggle 4.
  • the neck 2, the head 3 and the gag 4 are shaped in a known manner following the filling of the ampoule body, the ampoule 1 being closed at the same time.
  • first section 5 of the neck 2 the diameter of which is smaller than that of the ampoule body.
  • This section is followed by a smaller diameter cylindrical section 6, the inside diameter of which is somewhat larger than the largest diameter of a standardized cone 7 for medical devices, which is provided on one end face of a syringe body 8.
  • the end of the cylindrical section 6 facing away from the first section 5 is followed by a third section 9, which forms an annular bead projecting inward beyond the inner wall of the cylindrical section 6.
  • the inside diameter of the neck 2 at the narrowest point formed by the annular bead is somewhat smaller than the largest diameter of the cone 7.
  • the third section 9 merges into a fourth section 10, which extends outwards over the cylindrical section 6 and the third section 9 protruding bead forms and a larger inner diameter than the third section 9.
  • the fourth section 10 is connected to the head 3 via a predetermined breaking point with reduced wall thickness.
  • the head 3 can be separated from the neck 2 by rotating or tilting the toggle 4. Since the end face 10 'of the fourth section 10 which is exposed after the head 3 is separated from the neck 2 forms the contact surface for the end face of the syringe body 8 which carries the cone 7, the distance of the end face 10' measured in the longitudinal direction of the neck 2 is from the narrowest point of the neck 2 in the region of the third section 9 is selected such that the cone inserted into the neck 2 lies at a defined, relatively low pressure on the third section 9 of the neck 2 when the end face of the syringe body 8 carrying the cone 7 is on the end face 10 'is present.
  • the contact pressure between the cone 7 and the inner surface of the third section 9 is chosen such that air can enter the ampoule 1 to the extent that its content is sucked through the cone 7 by means of a piston contained in the syringe body 8, but that the liquid contained in the ampoule 1 is not along the jacket of the cone 7 or the inner lateral surface of the neck 2 can emerge, even if the ampoule 1, as usual, is upside down during the withdrawal of the liquid, that is to say its neck 2 points downward.
  • the second exemplary embodiment which is shown incompletely in FIG. 4, differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the neck 102 of the ampoule 101 has only three sections because the third section forming the inwardly projecting annular bead is missing. So that a self-contained, linear contact between the cone 7 inserted into the neck 102 and the inner wall of the neck 102 is achieved, which prevents the passage of liquid but allows the passage of air, the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 106 is somewhat smaller chosen as the largest diameter of the cone 7, but somewhat larger than its smallest diameter.
  • the axial length of the section 110 which adjoins the cylindrical section 106 and forms an outwardly projecting annular bead, is selected so that the cone 7 with the required, relatively low contact pressure, which is necessary to prevent the passage of liquid the inner wall of the cylindrical section 106 abuts when the end face of the syringe body 8 bearing the cone 7 abuts the free end face 110 'of the neck 102.
  • the neck 102 is provided at two diametrically arranged locations, each with an inwardly open longitudinal groove 111, the cross section of which is selected such that the inflowing air prevents liquid from escaping.
  • the cross section of which is selected such that the inflowing air prevents liquid from escaping.
  • only a single longitudinal groove could also be provided or the groove arrangement selected differently.
  • One or more longitudinal grooves of this type could be provided on the inside of the third section 9 of the neck 2 of the first embodiment.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)

Description

Beschreibung für folgende Vertragsstaaten : BE, CH, ES, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SEDescription for the following contracting states: BE, CH, ES, FR, GB, IT, LI, LU, NL, SE

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ampulle, insbesondere aus Kunststoff, für eine Flüssigkeit, welche der Ampulle mittels eines Spritzenkörpers entnommen wird, der an seinem in den Ampullenhals einzuführenden Ende einen Standardkegel aufweist, mit einer Ausbildung des Ampullenhalses für eine Anlage des Standardkegels an der Innenwand des Ampullenhalses längs einer Linie.The invention relates to an ampoule, in particular made of plastic, for a liquid which is withdrawn from the ampoule by means of a syringe body which has a standard cone at its end to be inserted into the ampoule neck, with a design of the ampoule neck for the standard cone to rest on the inner wall of the ampoule neck along a line.

Bei denjenigen bekannten Ampullen (EP-A-0 088 056) deren Ampullenhals einen Innenkonus bildet, welcher an den Kegel einer Spritze angepaßt ist, erhält man eine vollflächige Anlage des Kegels an der Innenwand des Ampullenhalses. Während der Entnahme des Inhaltes der Ampulle mittels der Spritze ist deshalb die Ampulle dicht verschlossen. Letzteres ist auch der Fall, wenn der Ampullenhals mehrere in seiner Längsrichtung nebeneinander angeordnete Ringnuten bildet, so daß der Kegel an mehreren Ringzonen des Ampullenhalses dicht anliegt. Infolge des dichten Verschlusses des Ampullenhalses entsteht beim Entnehmen des Inhaltes der Ampulle in dieser ein Unterdruck, sofern die Ampulle nicht kollabiert. Ein Unterdruck in der Ampulle verhindert oder erschwert zumindest eine vollständige Flüssigkeitsentnahme.In the case of those known ampoules (EP-A-0 088 056) whose ampoule neck forms an inner cone which is adapted to the cone of a syringe, a full-surface contact of the cone on the inner wall of the ampoule neck is obtained. During the withdrawal of the contents of the ampoule by means of the syringe, the ampoule is therefore tightly closed. The latter is also the case when the ampoule neck forms a plurality of annular grooves arranged next to one another in its longitudinal direction, so that the cone lies tightly against a plurality of ring zones of the ampoule neck. As a result of the tight closure of the ampoule neck, when the contents of the ampoule are removed, a negative pressure is created in the ampoule provided the ampoule does not collapse. A negative pressure in the ampoule prevents or at least hinders complete liquid withdrawal.

Durch die EP-A-0 326 391, die EP-A-0 327 397 und die EP-A-0 344 476, die einen Stand der Technik entsprechend Artikel 54(3) EPÜ bilden, also nicht vorveröffentlicht sind, ist es bekannt, den Ampullenhals so auszubilden, daß während der Entnahme des Inhaltes in die Ampulle Luft eintreten kann. Zu diesem Zwecke ist ein Abschnitt des Ampullenhalses, der entweder eine zylindrische oder eine konische Innenmantelfläche hat, an welche die Außenmantelfläche des Kegels einer Spritze in eine dichte Anlage gebracht werden kann, mit zwei diametral zueinander angeordneten Längskanälen versehen, welche sich über die gesamte Länge dieses Abschnittes erstrecken und zum Inneren des Ampullenhalses hin offen sind. Denselben Effekt wie mit diesen nutartigen Längskanälen erhält man mit einem Ampullenhals, dessen der Aufnahme des Kegels der Spritze dienender Abschnitt einen ovalen Kanal bildet. Bei der Entnahme der Flüssigkeit aus der Ampulle ist eine dichte Anlage des Kegels längs einer Ringzone oder Linie vorhanden, die nur durch die beiden Kanäle unterbrochen ist, durch die hindurch Luft in das Innere der Ampulle einströmen kann. Statt eines nach innen hin offenen Kanals kann der Ampullenhals auch zusätzlich zu dem der Aufnahme des Kegels der Spritze dienenden Kanal einen von diesem vollständig getrennten Kanal für den Luftdurchtritt aufweisen. Um das Einführen des Kegels in den der Abdichtung dienenden Abschnitt des Ampullenhalses zu erleichtern, schließt sich bei diesen bekannten Ampullen an diesen Abschnitt gegen das freie Ende hin ein Abschnitt mit größerem Durchmesser an.It is known from EP-A-0 326 391, EP-A-0 327 397 and EP-A-0 344 476, which form prior art in accordance with Article 54 (3) EPC and are therefore not prepublished to design the ampoule neck so that air can enter the ampoule while the contents are being removed. For this purpose is a section of the ampoule neck, which has either a cylindrical or a conical inner surface has, to which the outer circumferential surface of the cone of a syringe can be brought into tight contact, provided with two diametrically arranged longitudinal channels which extend over the entire length of this section and are open to the interior of the ampoule neck. The same effect as with these groove-like longitudinal channels is obtained with an ampoule neck, the portion of which serves to receive the cone of the syringe forms an oval channel. When the liquid is removed from the ampoule, there is a tight contact of the cone along an annular zone or line, which is only interrupted by the two channels through which air can flow into the interior of the ampoule. Instead of a channel which is open towards the inside, the ampoule neck can also have, in addition to the channel which serves to receive the cone of the syringe, a channel which is completely separate therefrom for the passage of air. In order to facilitate the insertion of the cone into the section of the ampoule neck which serves for sealing, in the case of these known ampoules a section with a larger diameter adjoins this section towards the free end.

Da es schwierig ist, in einfacher und kostengünstiger Weise die dem Luftdurchtritt dienenden Längskanäle mit so engen Toleranzen herzustellen, daß nur ein Lufteintritt in die Ampulle, nicht aber ein Austreten der in der Ampulle enthaltenen Flüssigkeit möglich ist, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ampulle zu schaffen, bei der zwar während der Entnahme des Inhaltes zwischen dem in den Ampullenhals eingeführten genormten Kegel einer Spritze und der Innenwand des Ampullenhalses Luft eintreten, jedoch keine Flüssigkeit austreten kann, aber dennoch der Ampullenhals nicht mit Längskanälen versehen zu werden braucht. Diese Aufgabe löst eine Ampulle mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1.Since it is difficult to produce in a simple and inexpensive manner the longitudinal channels serving for air passage with such narrow tolerances that only air entry into the ampoule, but not an escape of the liquid contained in the ampoule is possible, the invention is based on the object To create an ampoule in which, while the contents are withdrawn between the standardized cone of a syringe inserted into the ampoule neck and the inner wall of the ampoule neck, no liquid can escape, but the ampoule neck does not need to be provided with longitudinal channels. This object is achieved by an ampoule with the features of claim 1.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausgestaltung des Ampullenhalses gemäß Anspruch 2, da ein derartiger Ampullenhals sicherstellt, daß die Anlage zwischen Kegel und Ampullenhals nur in dem dafür bestimmten Bereich des Ampullenhalses erfolgen kann.An embodiment of the ampoule neck according to claim 2 is particularly advantageous, since such an ampoule neck ensures that the contact between the cone and the ampoule neck can only take place in the designated area of the ampoule neck.

Um den Anpreßdruck zwischen dem Kegel und der Innenwand des Ampullenhalses in einfacher Weise auf den erforderlichen Wert festlegen zu können, ist bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform das freie Ende des Ampullenhalses als Anlagefläche für die den Kegel tragende Stirnfläche des Spritzenkörpers ausgebildet.In order to be able to fix the contact pressure between the cone and the inner wall of the ampoule neck to the required value in a simple manner, in a preferred embodiment the free end of the ampoule neck is designed as a contact surface for the end face of the syringe body that carries the cone.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist ferner eine Ausgestaltung des Ampullenhalses gemäß Anspruch 2, da ein derartiger Ampullenhals sicherstellt, daß die Anlage zwischen Kegel und Ampullenhals nur in dem dafür bestimmten Bereich des Ampullenhalses erfolgen kann.Furthermore, an embodiment of the ampoule neck according to claim 2 is particularly advantageous, since such an ampoule neck ensures that the contact between the cone and the ampoule neck can only take place in the area of the ampoule neck intended for this purpose.

Im einzelnen kann die Ausbildung des Ampullenhalses so getroffen sein, daß die Innenwand des Ampullenhalses zumindest in dem für die Aufnahme des Kegels bestimmten Bereich eine konische oder kreiszylindrische Form hat. Ein derartiger Abschnitt läßt sich relativ einfach bei der Ampullenherstellung auf den gewünschten Wert und mit der gewünschten Toleranz kalibrieren. Vorteilhaft ist aber auch eine Ausbildung der Innenwand in dem für die Anlage des Kegels bestimmten Bereich gemäß Anspruch 3, da ein derartiger Ringwulst ebenfalls einfach zu kalibrieren ist und eine sehr gut definierte Anlagezone für den Kegel bildet.In particular, the design of the ampoule neck can be such that the inner wall of the ampoule neck has a conical or circular-cylindrical shape at least in the area intended for receiving the cone. Such a section can be calibrated relatively easily during ampoule production to the desired value and with the desired tolerance. However, it is also advantageous to design the inner wall in the area intended for the cone to rest, since such an annular bead is also easy to calibrate and forms a very well-defined contact zone for the cone.

Im folgenden ist die Erfindung anhand von zwei in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielsen im einzelnen erläutert.
Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht einer Ampulle gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht der Ampulle gemäß Fig. 1 in einer um 90° um ihre Längsachse gedrehten Position,
Fig. 3
einen vergrößert und unvollständig dargestellten Längsschnitt der Ampulle gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 mit in den Ampullenhals eingeführtem Kegel,

Eine aus Kunststoff im Blasverfahren hergestellte, formstabile Ampulle 1 enthält eine mittels einer Spritze zu injizierende, pharmazeutische Flüssigkeit. An den als Ganzes mit 2 bezeichneten Hals der Ampulle 1 schließt sich ein einstückig mit ihm ausgebildeter Kopf 3 an, der seinerseits einstückig mit einem angeformten Knebel 4 ausgebildet ist. Der Hals 2, der Kopf 3 und der Knebel 4 werden in bekannter Weise im Anschluß an das Füllen des Ampullenkörpers geformt, wobei gleichzeitig die Ampulle 1 verschlossen wird.The invention is explained in detail below with reference to two exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.
Show it
Fig. 1
2 shows a side view of an ampoule according to the first exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 2
2 shows a side view of the ampoule according to FIG. 1 in a position rotated by 90 ° about its longitudinal axis,
Fig. 3
2 shows an enlarged and incompletely shown longitudinal section of the ampoule according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with the cone inserted into the ampoule neck,

A dimensionally stable ampoule 1 made of plastic in a blowing process contains a pharmaceutical liquid to be injected by means of a syringe. A neck 3 of the ampoule 1, which is designated as a whole by 2, is adjoined by a head 3 which is formed in one piece with it and which in turn is formed in one piece with a molded gag 4. The neck 2, the head 3 and the gag 4 are shaped in a known manner following the filling of the ampoule body, the ampoule 1 being closed at the same time.

An das dem Boden gegenüberliegende Ende des Ampullenkörpers schließt sich ein erster Abschnitt 5 des Halses 2 an, dessen Durchmesser kleiner ist als derjenige des Ampullenkörpers. Auf diesen Abschnitt folgt ein im Durchmesser kleinerer, zylindrischer Abschnitt 6, dessen Innendurchmesser etwas größer ist als der größte Durchmesser eines genormten Kegels 7 für medizinische Geräte, der an der einen Stirnfläche eines Spritzenkörpers 8 vorgesehen ist. Wie Fig. 3 zeigt, schließt sich an das dem ersten Abschnitt 5 abgekehrte Ende des zylindrischen Abschnittes 6 ein dritter Abschnitt 9 an, der einen nach innen über die Innenwand des zylindrischen Abschnittes 6 überstehenden Ringwulst bildet. Der Innendurchmesser des Halses 2 an der durch den Ringwulst gebildeten engsten Stelle ist etwas kleiner als der größte Durchmesser des Kegels 7. Der dritte Abschnitt 9 geht in einen vierten Abschnitt 10 über, welcher einen nach außen über den zylindrischen Abschnitt 6 und den dritten Abschnitt 9 überstehenden Wulst bildet und einen größeren Innendurchmesser als der dritte Abschnitt 9.At the end of the ampoule body opposite the floor is followed by a first section 5 of the neck 2, the diameter of which is smaller than that of the ampoule body. This section is followed by a smaller diameter cylindrical section 6, the inside diameter of which is somewhat larger than the largest diameter of a standardized cone 7 for medical devices, which is provided on one end face of a syringe body 8. As shown in FIG. 3, the end of the cylindrical section 6 facing away from the first section 5 is followed by a third section 9, which forms an annular bead projecting inward beyond the inner wall of the cylindrical section 6. The inside diameter of the neck 2 at the narrowest point formed by the annular bead is somewhat smaller than the largest diameter of the cone 7. The third section 9 merges into a fourth section 10, which extends outwards over the cylindrical section 6 and the third section 9 protruding bead forms and a larger inner diameter than the third section 9.

Über eine Sollbruchstelle mit reduzierter Wandstärke ist der vierte Abschnitt 10 mit dem Kopf 3 verbunden. Durch ein Verdrehen oder Kippen des Knebels 4 läßt sich der Kopf 3 vom Hals 2 trennen. Da die nach dem Trennen des Kopfes 3 vom Hals 2 freiliegende Stirnfläche 10' des vierten Abschnittes 10 die Anlagefläche für die den Kegel 7 tragende Stirnseite des Spritzenkörpers 8 bildet, ist der in Längsrichtung des Halses 2 gemessene Abstand der Stirnfläche 10' von der engsten Stelle des Halses 2 im Bereich des dritten Abschnittes 9 so gewählt, daß der in den Hals 2 eingeführte Kegel mit einem definierten, relativ geringen Druck am dritten Abschnitt 9 des Halses 2 liegt, wenn die den Kegel 7 tragende Stirnfläche des Spritzenkörpers 8 an der Stirnfläche 10' anliegt. Der Anpreßdruck zwischen dem Kegel 7 und der Innenfläche des dritten Abschnittes 9 ist dabei so gewählt, daß zwar Luft in dem Maße in die Ampulle 1 eintreten kann, in dem deren Inhalt durch den Kegel 7 hindurch mittels eines im Spritzenkörper 8 enthaltenen Kolbens abgesaugt wird, daß aber die in der Ampulle 1 enthaltene Flüssigkeit nicht längs des Mantels des Kegels 7 oder der Innenmantelfläche des Halses 2 austreten kann, selbst wenn die Ampulle 1, wie üblich, während der Entnahme der Flüssigkeit auf dem Kopf steht, ihr Hals 2 also nach unten weist.The fourth section 10 is connected to the head 3 via a predetermined breaking point with reduced wall thickness. The head 3 can be separated from the neck 2 by rotating or tilting the toggle 4. Since the end face 10 'of the fourth section 10 which is exposed after the head 3 is separated from the neck 2 forms the contact surface for the end face of the syringe body 8 which carries the cone 7, the distance of the end face 10' measured in the longitudinal direction of the neck 2 is from the narrowest point of the neck 2 in the region of the third section 9 is selected such that the cone inserted into the neck 2 lies at a defined, relatively low pressure on the third section 9 of the neck 2 when the end face of the syringe body 8 carrying the cone 7 is on the end face 10 'is present. The contact pressure between the cone 7 and the inner surface of the third section 9 is chosen such that air can enter the ampoule 1 to the extent that its content is sucked through the cone 7 by means of a piston contained in the syringe body 8, but that the liquid contained in the ampoule 1 is not along the jacket of the cone 7 or the inner lateral surface of the neck 2 can emerge, even if the ampoule 1, as usual, is upside down during the withdrawal of the liquid, that is to say its neck 2 points downward.

Beschreibung für folgenden Vertragsstaat : DKDescription for the following contracting state: DK

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ampulle, insbesondere aus Kunststoff, für eine Flüssigkeit, welche der Ampulle mittels eines Spritzenkörpers entnommen wird, der an seinem in den Ampullenhals einzuführenden Ende einen Standardkegel aufweist.The invention relates to an ampoule, in particular made of plastic, for a liquid which is removed from the ampoule by means of a syringe body which has a standard cone at its end to be inserted into the ampoule neck.

Bei einer bekannten Ampulle dieser Art (EP-A-0 088 056) bildet der Ampullenhals, der mittels eines mit ihm einstückig ausgebildeten, abbrechbaren Kopfes verschlossen ist, einen Innenkonus, der an den Kegel des Spritzenkörpers angepaßt ist. Die Ampulle ist deshalb dicht verschlossen, wenn der Kegel des Spritzenkörpers zwecks Entnahme des Inhaltes der Ampulle vollständig in den Ampullenhals eingesetzt ist. Sofern die Ampulle beim Entnehmen ihres Inhaltes kollabieren kann, entsteht in der Ampulle allenfalls ein geringer Unterdruck, der das Entnehmen der Flüssigkeit aus der Ampulle praktisch nicht stört. Ist hingegen die Ampulle formstabil, dann ist es schwierig, in manchen Fällen sogar unmöglich, den Inhalt der Ampulle vollständig zu entnehmen, weil in der Ampulle ein erheblicher Unterdruck entsteht. Um diese Schwierigkeit zu vermeiden, wird in der EP-A-0 088 056 vorgeschlagen, entweder die Ampulle nur teilweise zu füllen oder vor dem Entnehmen des Inhalts in die Ampulle Luft einzupressen. Ersteres ist unwirtschaftlich und letzteres schwierig. Außerdem ist aus Sterilitätsgründen das Einpressen von Luft unerwünscht.In a known ampoule of this type (EP-A-0 088 056), the ampoule neck, which is closed by means of a breakable head formed in one piece with it, forms an inner cone which is adapted to the cone of the syringe body. The ampoule is therefore sealed when the cone of the syringe body is completely inserted into the ampoule neck in order to remove the contents of the ampoule. If the ampoule can collapse when its contents are removed, there is at most a slight negative pressure in the ampoule, which practically does not interfere with the removal of the liquid from the ampoule. If, on the other hand, the ampoule is dimensionally stable, then it is difficult, in some cases even impossible, to completely remove the contents of the ampoule because a considerable negative pressure is created in the ampoule. In order to avoid this difficulty, EP-A-0 088 056 proposes either to only partially fill the ampoule or to press air into the ampoule before the contents are removed. The former is uneconomical and the latter is difficult. In addition, the injection of air is undesirable for reasons of sterility.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ampulle zu schaffen, deren Inhalt auch dann problemlos ohne Zuhilfenahme einer Kanüle mittels einer Spritze entnommen werden kann, wenn die Ampulle formstabil ist.The invention has for its object to provide an ampoule, the content of which can be removed without a needle using a syringe even if the ampoule is dimensionally stable.

Bei einer ersten Lösung ist der Ampullenhals so ausgebildet, daß der Standardkegel längs einer in sich geschlossenen, kreisförmigen Linie an der Innenwand des Ampullenhalses mit einem den Durchtritt von Luft, nicht aber den Durchtritt von Flüssigkeit zwischen der Kegelwandung und der Innenwand des Ampullenhalses gestattenden Anpreßdruck anliegt.In a first solution, the ampoule neck is designed such that the standard cone is applied along a closed, circular line on the inner wall of the ampoule neck with a contact pressure which allows the passage of air, but not the passage of liquid, between the cone wall and the inner wall of the ampoule neck .

Gemäß einer zweiten Lösung ist ein für die Anlage des Standardkegels bestimmter Abschnitt des Ampullenhalses auf seiner Innenseite mit wenigstens einer nach innen offenen, einen Durchtritt von Luft, nicht aber den Durchtritt von Flüssigkeit zwischen der Kegelwandung und der Innenwand des Ampullenhalses gestattenden Längsnut versehen.According to a second solution, a section of the ampoule neck intended for the installation of the standard cone is provided on its inside with at least one inwardly open longitudinal groove which allows air to pass through, but not liquid to pass between the cone wall and the inner wall of the ampoule neck.

Bei beiden Lösungen kann während der Entnahme der Flüssigkeit aus der Ampulle in diese Luft eintreten. Deshalb kann es in der Ampulle nicht zur Bildung eines Unterdruckes kommen, selbst wenn die Ampulle formstabil ist und deshalb nicht kollabieren kann. Weil zwischen dem Kegel der Spritze und der Innenwand des Ampullenhalses keine Flüssigkeit hindurchtreten kann, kann während der Entnahme des Inhaltes der Ampullenhals auch nach unten weisen. Was für eine vollständige Entleerung der Ampulle sehr vorteilhaft ist.In both solutions, air can enter the ampoule while the liquid is being removed from the ampoule. Therefore, there can be no negative pressure in the ampoule, even if the ampoule is dimensionally stable and therefore cannot collapse. Because no liquid can pass between the cone of the syringe and the inner wall of the ampoule neck, the ampoule neck can also point downwards while the contents are being removed. Which is very advantageous for a complete emptying of the ampoule.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist ferner eine Ausgestaltung des Ampullenhalses gemäß Anspruch 4, da ein derartiger Ampullenhals sicherstellt, daß die Anlage zwischen Kegel und Ampullenhals nur in dem dafür bestimmten Bereich des Ampullenhalses erfolgen kann.Furthermore, an embodiment of the ampoule neck according to claim 4 is particularly advantageous, since such an ampoule neck ensures that the contact between the cone and the ampoule neck can only take place in the area of the ampoule neck intended for this purpose.

Im einzelnen kann die Ausbildung des Ampullenhalses so getroffen sein, daß die Innenwand des Ampullenhalses zumindest in dem für die Aufnahme des Kegels bestimmten Bereich eine konische oder kreiszylindrische Form hat. Ein derartiger Abschnitt läßt sich relativ einfach bei der Ampullenherstellung auf den gewünschten Wert und mit der gewünschten Toleranz kalibrieren. Vorteilhaft ist aber auch eine Ausbildung der Innenwand in dem für die Anlage des Kegels bestimmten Bereich gemäß Anspruch 3, da ein derartiger Ringwulst ebenfalls einfach zu kalibrieren ist und eine sehr gut definierte Anlagezone für den Kegel bildet.In particular, the design of the ampoule neck can be such that the inner wall of the ampoule neck has a conical or circular-cylindrical shape at least in the area intended for receiving the cone. Such a section can be calibrated relatively easily during ampoule production to the desired value and with the desired tolerance. However, it is also advantageous to design the inner wall in the area intended for the installation of the cone, since such an annular bead is also easy to calibrate and forms a very well-defined contact zone for the cone.

Im folgenden ist die Erfindung anhand von zwei in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielsen im einzelnen erläutert.
Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht einer Ampulle gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht der Ampulle gemäß Fig. 1 in einer um 90° um ihre Längsachse gedrehten Position,
Fig. 3
einen vergrößert und unvollständig dargestellten Längsschnitt der Ampulle gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 mit in den Ampullenhals eingeführtem Kegel,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt gemäß Fig. 3 eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels,
Fig. 5
einen vergrößert dargestellten Schnitt nach der Linie V-V der Fig. 4.
The invention is explained in detail below with reference to two exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.
Show it
Fig. 1
2 shows a side view of an ampoule according to the first exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 2
2 shows a side view of the ampoule according to FIG. 1 in a position rotated by 90 ° about its longitudinal axis,
Fig. 3
2 shows an enlarged and incompletely shown longitudinal section of the ampoule according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with the cone inserted into the ampoule neck,
Fig. 4
3 shows a section according to FIG. 3 of a second exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 5
an enlarged section along the line VV of FIG. 4th

Eine aus Kunststoff im Blasverfahren hergestellte, formstabile Ampulle 1 enthält eine mittels einer Spritze zu injizierende, pharmazeutische Flüssigkeit. An den als Ganzes mit 2 bezeichneten Hals der Ampulle 1 schließt sich ein einstückig mit ihm ausgebildeter Kopf 3 an, der seinerseits einstückig mit einem angeformten Knebel 4 ausgebildet ist. Der Hals 2, der Kopf 3 und der Knebel 4 werden in bekannter Weise im Anschluß an das Füllen des Ampullenkörpers geformt, wobei gleichzeitig die Ampulle 1 verschlossen wird.A dimensionally stable ampoule 1 made of plastic in a blowing process contains a pharmaceutical liquid to be injected by means of a syringe. A neck 3 of the ampoule 1, which is designated as a whole by 2, is followed by a head 3 which is formed in one piece with it and which in turn is formed in one piece with a molded-on toggle 4. The neck 2, the head 3 and the gag 4 are shaped in a known manner following the filling of the ampoule body, the ampoule 1 being closed at the same time.

An das dem Boden gegenüberliegende Ende des Ampullenkörpers schließt sich ein erster Abschnitt 5 des Halses 2 an, dessen Durchmesser kleiner ist als derjenige des Ampullenkörpers. Auf diesen Abschnitt folgt ein im Durchmesser kleinerer, zylindrischer Abschnitt 6, dessen Innendurchmesser etwas größer ist als der größte Durchmesser eines genormten Kegels 7 für medizinische Geräte, der an der einen Stirnfläche eines Spritzenkörpers 8 vorgesehen ist. Wie Fig. 3 zeigt, schließt sich an das dem ersten Abschnitt 5 abgekehrte Ende des zylindrischen Abschnittes 6 ein dritter Abschnitt 9 an, der einen nach innen über die Innenwand des zylindrischen Abschnittes 6 überstehenden Ringwulst bildet. Der Innendurchmesser des Halses 2 an der durch den Ringwulst gebildeten engsten Stelle ist etwas kleiner als der größte Durchmesser des Kegels 7. Der dritte Abschnitt 9 geht in einen vierten Abschnitt 10 über, welcher einen nach außen über den zylindrischen Abschnitt 6 und den dritten Abschnitt 9 überstehenden Wulst bildet und einen größeren Innendurchmesser als der dritte Abschnitt 9.At the end of the ampoule body opposite the floor is followed by a first section 5 of the neck 2, the diameter of which is smaller than that of the ampoule body. This section is followed by a smaller diameter cylindrical section 6, the inside diameter of which is somewhat larger than the largest diameter of a standardized cone 7 for medical devices, which is provided on one end face of a syringe body 8. As shown in FIG. 3, the end of the cylindrical section 6 facing away from the first section 5 is followed by a third section 9, which forms an annular bead projecting inward beyond the inner wall of the cylindrical section 6. The inside diameter of the neck 2 at the narrowest point formed by the annular bead is somewhat smaller than the largest diameter of the cone 7. The third section 9 merges into a fourth section 10, which extends outwards over the cylindrical section 6 and the third section 9 protruding bead forms and a larger inner diameter than the third section 9.

Über eine Sollbruchstelle mit reduzierter Wandstärke ist der vierte Abschnitt 10 mit dem Kopf 3 verbunden. Durch ein Verdrehen oder Kippen des Knebels 4 läßt sich der Kopf 3 vom Hals 2 trennen. Da die nach dem Trennen des Kopfes 3 vom Hals 2 freiliegende Stirnfläche 10' des vierten Abschnittes 10 die Anlagefläche für die den Kegel 7 tragende Stirnseite des Spritzenkörpers 8 bildet, ist der in Längsrichtung des Halses 2 gemessene Abstand der Stirnfläche 10' von der engsten Stelle des Halses 2 im Bereich des dritten Abschnittes 9 so gewählt, daß der in den Hals 2 eingeführte Kegel mit einem definierten, relativ geringen Druck am dritten Abschnitt 9 des Halses 2 liegt, wenn die den Kegel 7 tragende Stirnfläche des Spritzenkörpers 8 an der Stirnfläche 10' anliegt. Der Anpreßdruck zwischen dem Kegel 7 und der Innenfläche des dritten Abschnittes 9 ist dabei so gewählt, daß zwar Luft in dem Maße in die Ampulle 1 eintreten kann, in dem deren Inhalt durch den Kegel 7 hindurch mittels eines im Spritzenkörper 8 enthaltenen Kolbens abgesaugt wird, daß aber die in der Ampulle 1 enthaltene Flüssigkeit nicht längs des Mantels des Kegels 7 oder der Innenmantelfläche des Halses 2 austreten kann, selbst wenn die Ampulle 1, wie üblich, während der Entnahme der Flüssigkeit auf dem Kopf steht, ihr Hals 2 also nach unten weist.The fourth section 10 is connected to the head 3 via a predetermined breaking point with reduced wall thickness. The head 3 can be separated from the neck 2 by rotating or tilting the toggle 4. Since the end face 10 'of the fourth section 10 which is exposed after the head 3 is separated from the neck 2 forms the contact surface for the end face of the syringe body 8 which carries the cone 7, the distance of the end face 10' measured in the longitudinal direction of the neck 2 is from the narrowest point of the neck 2 in the region of the third section 9 is selected such that the cone inserted into the neck 2 lies at a defined, relatively low pressure on the third section 9 of the neck 2 when the end face of the syringe body 8 carrying the cone 7 is on the end face 10 'is present. The contact pressure between the cone 7 and the inner surface of the third section 9 is chosen such that air can enter the ampoule 1 to the extent that its content is sucked through the cone 7 by means of a piston contained in the syringe body 8, but that the liquid contained in the ampoule 1 is not along the jacket of the cone 7 or the inner lateral surface of the neck 2 can emerge, even if the ampoule 1, as usual, is upside down during the withdrawal of the liquid, that is to say its neck 2 points downward.

Das in Fig. 4 unvollständig dargestellte zweite Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich von dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel zum einen dadurch, daß der Hals 102 der Ampulle 101 nur drei Abschnitte aufweist, weil der den nach innen überstehende Ringwulst bildende dritte Abschnitt fehlt. Damit dennoch zwischen dem in den Hals 102 eingeführten Kegel 7 und der Innenwandung des Halses 102 eine in sich geschlossene, linienförmige Anlage erreicht wird, welche den Durchtritt von Flüssigkeit verhindert, jedoch den Durchtritt von Luft zuläßt, ist der Innendurchmesser des zylindrischen Abschnittes 106 etwas kleiner als der größte Durchmesser des Kegels 7, aber etwas größer als dessen kleinster Durchmesser gewählt. Außerdem ist die axiale Länge des an den zylindrischen Abschnitt 106 sich anschließenden, einen nach außen überstehenden Ringwulst bildenden Abschnitt 110 so gewählt, daß der Kegel 7 mit dem erforderlichen, relativ geringen Anpreßdruck, welcher notwendig ist, um einen Durchtritt von Flüssigkeit zu verhindern, an der Innenwand des zylindrischen Abschnittes 106 anliegt, wenn die den Kegel 7 tragende Stirnfläche des Spritzenkörpers 8 an der freien Stirnfläche 110' des Halses 102 anliegt.The second exemplary embodiment, which is shown incompletely in FIG. 4, differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the neck 102 of the ampoule 101 has only three sections because the third section forming the inwardly projecting annular bead is missing. So that a self-contained, linear contact between the cone 7 inserted into the neck 102 and the inner wall of the neck 102 is achieved, which prevents the passage of liquid but allows the passage of air, the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 106 is somewhat smaller chosen as the largest diameter of the cone 7, but somewhat larger than its smallest diameter. In addition, the axial length of the section 110, which adjoins the cylindrical section 106 and forms an outwardly projecting annular bead, is selected so that the cone 7 with the required, relatively low contact pressure, which is necessary to prevent the passage of liquid the inner wall of the cylindrical section 106 abuts when the end face of the syringe body 8 bearing the cone 7 abuts the free end face 110 'of the neck 102.

Um den Durchtritt von Luft zwischen dem Kegel 7 und dem Hals 102 zu verbessern, ist der Hals 102 an zwei diametral angeordneten Stellen mit je einer nach innen offenen Längsnut 111 versehen, dessen Querschnitt so gewählt ist, daß die einströmende Luft einen Flüssigkeitsaustritt verhindert. Selbstverständlich könnte auch nur eine einzige Längsnut vorgesehen oder die Nutanordnung anders gewählt sein.In order to improve the passage of air between the cone 7 and the neck 102, the neck 102 is provided at two diametrically arranged locations, each with an inwardly open longitudinal groove 111, the cross section of which is selected such that the inflowing air prevents liquid from escaping. Of course, only a single longitudinal groove could also be provided or the groove arrangement selected differently.

Eine oder mehrere Längsnuten dieser Art könnten auf der Innenseite des dritten Abschnittes 9 des Halses 2 des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels vorgesehen sein.One or more longitudinal grooves of this type could be provided on the inside of the third section 9 of the neck 2 of the first embodiment.

Claims (6)

  1. An ampoule, in particular a plastic ampoule for fluid withdrawn from the ampoule (1) by means of a syringe (8), including a standard taper (7) at one end to be introduced into the neck of the ampoule (2), with the neck of the ampoule (2) being designed for contact with the standard taper (7) on the internal wall of the neck of the ampoule (2) over a circular closed line based on a contact pressure allowing the entry of air but not of fluid between the taper wall and the internal wall of the neck of the ampoule (2).
  2. An ampoule according to Claim 1, characterized in that a section (10) having a larger internal diameter is adjacent to the section (9) of the neck of the ampoule (2) towards its free end, designed for linear contact with a standard taper (7).
  3. An ampoule according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the internal wall of the neck of the ampoule (2) is forming a ring projecting radially to the inside over its adjacent internal wall areas into the area (9) designed for contact with the standard taper (7).
  4. An ampoule according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the free end (10') of the neck (2) of the ampoule (1) is designed as a contact area for the face of the syringe (8) supporting a standard taper (7).
EP90107913A 1989-05-24 1990-04-26 Ampoule Expired - Lifetime EP0399234B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19893916840 DE3916840A1 (en) 1988-09-21 1989-05-24 Ampoule with specified shape of neck - for passage of air but not liq. when syringe neck is inserted for extn.
DE3916840 1989-05-24

Publications (2)

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EP0399234A1 EP0399234A1 (en) 1990-11-28
EP0399234B1 true EP0399234B1 (en) 1994-06-08

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JP (1) JPH037162A (en)
CA (1) CA2016892C (en)
DE (1) DE3916840A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0399234T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2054142T3 (en)
FI (1) FI100020B (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0352984B2 (en) 1991-08-13
FI100020B (en) 1997-08-29
ES2054142T3 (en) 1994-08-01
CA2016892A1 (en) 1990-11-24
DE3916840A1 (en) 1990-03-29
EP0399234A1 (en) 1990-11-28
DK0399234T3 (en) 1994-09-19
MX171693B (en) 1993-11-10
JPH037162A (en) 1991-01-14
CA2016892C (en) 1997-11-18
US5046627A (en) 1991-09-10
DE3916840C2 (en) 1993-06-09
FI902502A0 (en) 1990-05-21

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