EP0391634A1 - Mikrostreifenleitungsantenne mit parasitären Elementen - Google Patents

Mikrostreifenleitungsantenne mit parasitären Elementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0391634A1
EP0391634A1 EP90303494A EP90303494A EP0391634A1 EP 0391634 A1 EP0391634 A1 EP 0391634A1 EP 90303494 A EP90303494 A EP 90303494A EP 90303494 A EP90303494 A EP 90303494A EP 0391634 A1 EP0391634 A1 EP 0391634A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radiator
patch radiator
patch
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90303494A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0391634B1 (de
Inventor
Nunzio M. Cavallaro
John F. Toth
Cleo J. Alexander
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raytheon Co
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Raytheon Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Raytheon Co filed Critical Raytheon Co
Publication of EP0391634A1 publication Critical patent/EP0391634A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0391634B1 publication Critical patent/EP0391634B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/005—Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna

Definitions

  • This invention pertains generally to antennas for radio frequency energy, and more particularly to directional antennas wherein parasitic elements are used to control the direction of a beam from an antenna.
  • fuse and link antennas In guided missile (or simply missile) applications, fuse and link antennas often are required to be mounted conformally with the generally cylindrical shape of a missile. Antennas which adapt easily to conformal mounting usually produce beams with main lobes directed normally (or broadside to) the missile, whereas the required direction of main lobes of beams for fuse and link antennas is usually not normal (or broadside) to the missile. Thus, the main lobes of fuse antenna beams are typically pointed forward of the missile, while the main lobes of link antenna beams are usually pointed aft, say in a beam direction approximately twenty degrees off of normal. To accomplish such an end, known link antennas are usually made of components that occupy critical area internally of the missile. The mass and volume of all components within the missile are critical to performance, and any decrease in the size and number of components is highly desirable.
  • microstrip patch antennas have a low profile and may be made conformal to a missile.
  • most patch antennas produce an antenna beam normally disposed to the aperture of the antenna.
  • Different approaches have been used to change the antenna beam direction.
  • Multiple patch antenna arrays have been used to steer the antenna beam direction.
  • Such arrays have been built by using a stripline distribu­tion network; however, such a network is complicated, with many connections required. A less complicated technique is desirable.
  • parasitic elements may be used to control the direction of the beam of an antenna.
  • the well-known "Yagi" antenna uses parasitic elements in combination with at least one active element to control the direction of a beam.
  • parasitic slot array antennas as described in an article by R. J. Coe and G Held, I.E.E.E. Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. Ap-12, No. 1, pp. 10-16, January 1964.
  • a reflector element and a director element are formed by cavity-tuned parasitic slots so that when a driven element (a slot) is excited, a beam is formed in the direction of the director in the plane of the elements.
  • the parasitic slot array provides a flush mounting antenna suitable for an application where no projection above a plane surface is required.
  • a fuse or link antenna usually requires an antenna beam direction approximately twenty degrees off of normal or broadside of the face of the antenna so the parasitic slot array is hardly one to be used in a missile.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved antenna which is readily adaptable to flush-­mounting on a missile.
  • a missile 10 here a semi-­active missile, is shown to include a fuse antenna 12 and a link antenna 16.
  • the main lobe of the beam from fuse antenna 12 must typically point forward from a normal to the missile 10 as illustrated by beam 14 because any target (not shown) would be ahead of the missile 10.
  • the main lobe of a link antenna 16 must typically point aft of a normal as illus­trated by beam 18 because signals to (or from) the link antenna 16 come from (or are directed to) a station (not shown) located to the rear of missile 10.
  • a microstrip antenna 100 as here contemplated is shown to include antenna elements 30,32,34,36 disposed on a slab 28 fabricated from a dielectric material.
  • dielectric material may, for example, be the material known as "Duriod," or other teflon-fiberglass material.
  • the antenna elements 30,32, 34,36 are formed by depositing an electrically conducting material (here copper) in any conventional manner as shown on the slab 28.
  • the second side of slab 28 is covered with an electrically conductive coating to form a metallic ground plane 26.
  • the antenna elements 30,32,34,36 are arranged in an array where a driven element (herein also referred to as "patch 30 ⁇ ) here is the second antenna element from the right.
  • a driven element here is the second antenna element from the right.
  • a shorting pin 38 in electrical contact centrally of the patch 30 is passed through the slab 28 to be attached to ground plane 26.
  • the shorting pin 38 has no effect on radiation or impedance of the antenna being described, but simply allows a low frequency path between the patch 30 and the ground plane 36.
  • the patch 30 here is fed by a coaxial line 20 affixed to the ground plane 26.
  • an outer shield 24 of the coaxial line 20 is attached in any known fashion to ground plane 26.
  • a center conductor 22 of the coaxial line 20 is attached to the patch 30 in any known fashion.
  • a reflector element 32, a first director element 34 and a second director element 36 make up the parasitic elements of the microstrip antenna 100. The parasitic elements are here effective to cause the direction of the main lobe in the beam radiated by the patch 30 to be changed as desired.
  • Parasitic elements are inactive elements, meaning not fed or driven with a signal, placed on the face of the microstrip antenna 100 in close proximity to the patch 30.
  • the advantage of this approach is that the direction of the main lobe in the beam may be changed without the penalty of beam narrowing associated with antenna feed networks.
  • the direction of the main lobe in the beam is changed as required from the normal.
  • parasitic elements There are two types of parasitic elements, a director type element and a reflector type element. The length of the parasitic element with respect to the narrow edge of the patch 30 determines the type of element, where shorter elements act as directors, while longer elements act as reflectors.
  • Reflector element 32 here a parasitic element of the reflector type, tips the beam (not shown) away from the parasitic element.
  • Director elements 34, 36 respectively, here parasitic elements of the director type, tip the beam (not shown) in the direction of the parasitic elements.
  • the presence of the parasitic elements affect the impedance matching of the patch 30.
  • a resulting mismatch of impedance can be compensated for by retuning the patch 30 with the parasitic elements present. This is easily accomplished either by changing the dimensions of the patch 30, or adjusting the location of the feed point.
  • the feed point i.e., the point at which the center conductor 22 is attached to the patch 30, is on a centerline of the patch 30. However the feed point is adjusted, the point of attachment should remain on that centerline.
  • a high thermal protection window 50 (hereinafter also referred to as "window 50 ⁇ ) is attached to the missile 10 to overlie the slab 28 and antenna elements 30,32,34,36 when the microstrip antenna 100 is mounted on missile 10 (FIG. 1).
  • the window 50 here is a ceramic, rigid, composite-fiber, insulation material, known as “HTP 12-22,” developed by Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, Inc., Sunnyvale, California. HTP 12-22 provides good thermal shock resistance, low thermal conductivity, good strength and low dielectric constant for the window 50.
  • the window 50 protects the microstrip antenna 100 from a harsh environment experienced while missile 10 (FIG. 1) is in flight.
  • the window 50 may be treated with a silane polymer solution for moisture-proofing and an external reaction-cured glass-based coating for increased surface toughness and crack propagation resistance.
  • FIG. 3 a plan view of the micro­strip antenna 100 is shown. It can be seen that patch 30 has a width C and a length D. Patch 30 is constructed such that the width C is equal in wavelength "L" to .380L and the length D is equal to .494L.
  • Reflector element 32 has a width A and a length B. Reflector element 32 is constructed such that the width A is equal to .494L and the length B is equal to .304L. It should be noted that the center of reflector element 32 is separated from the center of patch 30 by the distance H which is equal to .570L.
  • Microstrip antenna 100 also includes director element 34 and director element 36. Director element 34 has a width F and a length G.
  • Director element 34 is constructed such that the width F is equal to .266L and the length G is equal to .114L.
  • the center of director element 34 is separated from the center of patch 30 by the distance I which is equal to .456L.
  • Director element 36 has a width F′ and a length G′.
  • Director element 36 is constructed such that the width F′ is equal to .266L and the length G′ is equal to .114L.
  • the center of director element 34 is operated from the center of director element 36 by the distance J which is equal to .228L.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP90303494A 1989-04-03 1990-04-02 Mikrostreifenleitungsantenne mit parasitären Elementen Expired - Lifetime EP0391634B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US332145 1981-12-18
US33214589A 1989-04-03 1989-04-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0391634A1 true EP0391634A1 (de) 1990-10-10
EP0391634B1 EP0391634B1 (de) 1995-06-21

Family

ID=23296898

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90303494A Expired - Lifetime EP0391634B1 (de) 1989-04-03 1990-04-02 Mikrostreifenleitungsantenne mit parasitären Elementen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0391634B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69020215T2 (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4239785A1 (de) * 1992-11-26 1994-06-01 Forschungsgesellschaft Fuer In Gruppenantenne in Streifenleitertechnik
DE19523694A1 (de) * 1995-06-29 1997-01-02 Fuba Automotive Gmbh Planarantenne
WO1999005754A1 (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-02-04 Allgon Ab Antenna device with improved channel isolation
US7253777B2 (en) 2003-12-03 2007-08-07 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Outside structure conformal antenna in a supporting structure of a vehicle
GB2445592A (en) * 2007-01-12 2008-07-16 E2V Tech Driven and parasitic patch antenna structure with an inclined beam
US20110260925A1 (en) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Laurian Petru Chirila Multiband internal patch antenna for mobile terminals
DE102012112218A1 (de) * 2012-12-13 2014-07-10 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Füllstandsmessgerät
CN110165406A (zh) * 2019-06-27 2019-08-23 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 一种方向图可重构天线单元及相控阵
US11495891B2 (en) 2019-11-08 2022-11-08 Carrier Corporation Microstrip patch antenna with increased bandwidth
CN115882225A (zh) * 2022-11-10 2023-03-31 星启空间(南通)通信设备有限公司 一种导弹载体及弹载天线

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102031840B1 (ko) * 2018-05-30 2019-10-14 국방과학연구소 유도탄 장치의 위성항법 안테나 구조체

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3577196A (en) * 1968-11-25 1971-05-04 Eugene F Pereda Rollable slot antenna
US3713162A (en) * 1970-12-18 1973-01-23 Ball Brothers Res Corp Single slot cavity antenna assembly
DE2138384A1 (de) * 1971-07-31 1973-02-08 Licentia Gmbh Yagi-antenne
EP0018878A1 (de) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-12 Thomson-Csf IFF-Bordsystem mit Radar- und Abfrageantenne
US4304603A (en) * 1980-08-11 1981-12-08 Corning Glass Works Glass-ceramic compositions designed for radomes

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3577196A (en) * 1968-11-25 1971-05-04 Eugene F Pereda Rollable slot antenna
US3713162A (en) * 1970-12-18 1973-01-23 Ball Brothers Res Corp Single slot cavity antenna assembly
DE2138384A1 (de) * 1971-07-31 1973-02-08 Licentia Gmbh Yagi-antenne
EP0018878A1 (de) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-12 Thomson-Csf IFF-Bordsystem mit Radar- und Abfrageantenne
US4304603A (en) * 1980-08-11 1981-12-08 Corning Glass Works Glass-ceramic compositions designed for radomes

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4239785A1 (de) * 1992-11-26 1994-06-01 Forschungsgesellschaft Fuer In Gruppenantenne in Streifenleitertechnik
DE19523694A1 (de) * 1995-06-29 1997-01-02 Fuba Automotive Gmbh Planarantenne
WO1999005754A1 (en) * 1997-07-23 1999-02-04 Allgon Ab Antenna device with improved channel isolation
US7253777B2 (en) 2003-12-03 2007-08-07 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Outside structure conformal antenna in a supporting structure of a vehicle
GB2445592B (en) * 2007-01-12 2012-01-04 E2V Tech Uk Ltd Antenna structure
GB2445592A (en) * 2007-01-12 2008-07-16 E2V Tech Driven and parasitic patch antenna structure with an inclined beam
US20110260925A1 (en) * 2010-04-23 2011-10-27 Laurian Petru Chirila Multiband internal patch antenna for mobile terminals
DE102012112218A1 (de) * 2012-12-13 2014-07-10 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Füllstandsmessgerät
CN110165406A (zh) * 2019-06-27 2019-08-23 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 一种方向图可重构天线单元及相控阵
CN110165406B (zh) * 2019-06-27 2024-03-22 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 一种方向图可重构天线单元及相控阵
US11495891B2 (en) 2019-11-08 2022-11-08 Carrier Corporation Microstrip patch antenna with increased bandwidth
US11837791B2 (en) 2019-11-08 2023-12-05 Carrier Corporation Microstrip patch antenna with increased bandwidth
CN115882225A (zh) * 2022-11-10 2023-03-31 星启空间(南通)通信设备有限公司 一种导弹载体及弹载天线

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0391634B1 (de) 1995-06-21
DE69020215D1 (de) 1995-07-27
DE69020215T2 (de) 1996-02-29

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