EP0390886B1 - Justierung von quadratursignalen - Google Patents

Justierung von quadratursignalen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0390886B1
EP0390886B1 EP89910131A EP89910131A EP0390886B1 EP 0390886 B1 EP0390886 B1 EP 0390886B1 EP 89910131 A EP89910131 A EP 89910131A EP 89910131 A EP89910131 A EP 89910131A EP 0390886 B1 EP0390886 B1 EP 0390886B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lissajous
oscilloscope
signals
quadrature
quadrature signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89910131A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0390886A1 (de
Inventor
Colin Keith Howley
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Renishaw PLC
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Renishaw PLC
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Publication date
Application filed by Renishaw PLC filed Critical Renishaw PLC
Publication of EP0390886A1 publication Critical patent/EP0390886A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/24428—Error prevention
    • G01D5/24433—Error prevention by mechanical means
    • G01D5/24442—Error prevention by mechanical means by mounting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D18/00—Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups G01D1/00 - G01D15/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • G01R35/02—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass of auxiliary devices, e.g. of instrument transformers according to prescribed transformation ratio, phase angle, or wattage rating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods and apparatus to assist in the setting up of devices which produce output signals in quadrature, for example so as to ensure that the output signals are accurately in a 90 o phase relationship, or accurately of the same amplitude, or accurately with zero DC offsets.
  • Such a method and apparatus are useful in setting up a scale and readhead, such as used on co-ordinate measuring machines or machine tools, to determine the position of a movable part of such a machine relative to a fixed part. It is well known to provide such scales and readheads wherein the readhead has two outputs in quadrature. These outputs can be fed to further circuitry for counting the cycles of the incoming signals so as to determine position, for determining the direction of movement by determining which of the quadrature signals leads the other, and/or for providing position interpolation within one cycle of the output.
  • the readhead should be set up correctly aligned relative to the scale such that the outputs are accurately in quadrature, with a 90 o phase shift, the same amplitudes and with zero DC offsets. Particularly in the case where the signals are to be fed to an interpolator, this can affect the accuracy of the resulting determination of the relative position.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a method of setting up a device which provides two signals in guadrature, in which the signals are fed to an oscilloscope, producing on a screen of the oscilloscope a first Lissajous figure derived from the quadrature signals, characterised in that a second Lissajous figure derived from the quadrature signals is also produced on the oscilloscope screen, the second Lissajous figure being superimposed on the first Lissajous figure and being a rotation or reflection of the first Lissajous figure, the method including the step of adjusting the device so as to improve the coincidence of the Lissajous figures.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides apparatus for use in performing the above method.
  • the outputs 14,16 of the readhead 12 are taken via circuitry 18 to the X and Y inputs of an oscilloscope 20.
  • the circuity 18 includes an inverter 22 which produces a signal -COS on a line 24 which is an inverted version of the COS signal 16.
  • the multiplexer 26 is driven by a continuously cycling counter/oscillator 28, and has two channels, one feeding the X input of the oscilloscope and one feeding the Y input. Each channel has four inputs which are connected in turn to the respective oscilloscope input. The rate at which this multiplexing takes place is controlled by two binary output lines 38 of the counter/oscillator 28, giving the necessary four time slices.
  • the COS signal 16 is fed to the X input of the oscilloscope and the SIN signal 14 is fed to the Y input.
  • the multiplexer 26 connects the SIN signal 14 to the X input of the oscilloscope, and the -COS signal 24 to the Y input. This produces a second Lissajous figure 32 on the oscilloscope screen.
  • the second Lissajous figure 32 is the same as the first Lissajous figure 30, but rotated through 90 o .
  • the second Lissajous figure 32 can be considered as being derived from the first by reflecting the first Lissajous figure 30 twice, firstly about a 45 o axis and secondly about a vertical axis.
  • the frequency of the counter/oscillator 28 is sufficiently high that the time slices are indistinguishable to the naked eye on the oscilloscope screen, so that the two Lissajous figures appear superimposed on top of each other as shown.
  • both the two Lissajous figures will be perfect circles, centred on zero, and co-incident with each other. If the alignment is not correct, then this perfect situation will not be the case. It is an easy matter for the user to adjust the alignment (roll, pitch, yaw and standoff) until the two Lissajous figures are co-incident. This is done by moving the readhead along the scale, while observing the oscilloscope, adjustting the alignment, then repeating the process as necessary.
  • An advantage of this technique is that no reliance is placed upon the accuracy of calibration of the oscilloscope 20. If the oscilloscope 20 itself introduces mis-matches of gain between the two channels, or DC offsets, then the resulting Lissajous figures will no longer be perfect circles centred on zero. Nevertheless, all the user has to do is align the readhead relative to the scales such that the (imperfect) Lissajous figures are co-incident with each other, and he can then be confident that the alignment is correct, and that the imperfections are introduced by the oscilloscope and not by misalignment of the readhead.
  • the block schematic diagram also shows certain features which, while not essential, are of assistance during the setting up procedure.
  • the multiplexer has a third time slice during which it connects both X and Y inputs of the oscilloscope to zero volts (line 34). This produces a dot 36 at the centre of the oscilloscope screen, superimposed on the Lissajous figures. If the oscilloscope is introducing gross DC offsets in one or both channels, the user can easily adjust it so as to centre the dot 36. However, it is not essential to do this accurately.
  • the counter/oscillator 28 may have two further binary outputs 40. These are taken from less significant bits of the binary outputs of the counter, and thus are at a higher frequency than the outputs 38. Thus, the two binary outputs 40 can cycle through all four possible binary values during the fourth time slice of the multiplexer 26 (and indeed may do so more than once).
  • the two outputs 40 are respectively connected to the X and Y inputs of the oscilloscope, via respective voltage dividers R4, R7 and R5,R6. These voltage dividers provide positive and negative reference voltages (as the outputs 40 of the counter switch between positive and negative values).
  • the X and Y inputs of the oscilloscope oscillate between these positive and negative values (one at twice the rate of the other) during the fourth time slice.
  • the result is to produce four dots 42, which if the oscilloscope gain is correctly set will be at the four corners of a square filling the majority of the oscilloscope screen. This assists the user to set up the gains of the two oscilloscope channels to appropriate values. Again, it is not essential that they should be absolutely correct or absolutely matched.
  • the values of the resistors R4,R7,R5, R6 are chosen such that the dots 42 represent the maximum amplitudes delivered on the lines 14 and 16 when the readheads are saturated. This makes it easy for the user to see that he is getting a good signal level from each of the outputs of the readhead, without going over the saturation limits (which would result in distortion of the resorting COS and SIN waveforms).
  • An optional switch 44 may be provided to inhibit the counter/oscillator 28 and force it to produce a zero output.
  • the multiplexer 26 then is constrained to feed the SIN and COS outputs 14, 16 directly through to the X and Y inputs of the oscilloscope 20, thereby producing a conventional Lissajous figure for monitoring purposes.
  • the Lissajous figure 32 is rotated 90 o , compared with the Lissajous figure 30.
  • the Lissajous figure 30 may be rotated through other angles, or may simply be reflected about an axis.
  • the COS signal 16 is fed to the X input of the oscilloscope and the SIN signal 14 is fed to the Y input, as in the embodiment described above.
  • these signals are simply reversed, with the SIN signal 14 being fed to the X input and the COS signal 16 to the Y input.
  • the second Lissajous figure 32 is simply a reflection about a 45 o axis of the first Lissajous figure 30.
  • the SIN and COS signals fed to the multiplexer for the first time slice are DC coupled to the multiplexer, so that the Lissajous figure is subject to DC offsets, while the SIN and COS signals fed for the second time slice are AC coupled so as to remove such DC offsets.

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zum Einrichten eines Gerätes (10, 12), welches zwei in Quadratur stehende Signale (14, 16) erzeugt, bei dem die Signale einem Oszillographen (20) zugeführt werden, um so an einem Bildschirm des Oszillographen eine von den Quadratur-Signalen abgeleitete erste Lissajous-Figur (30) zu erzeugen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine zweite Lissajous-Figur (32) von den Quadratur-Signalen abgeleitet wird, welche zweite Lissajous-Figur (32) der ersten Lissajous-Figur (30) an dem Oszillographen-Bildschirm überlagert und eine Verdrehung oder Reflexion der ersten Lissajous-Figur (30) ist, wobei das Verfahren weiter den Schritt enthält, daß das Gerät (10, 12) nachgestellt wird, um so die Koinzidenz der Lissajous-Figuren zu verbessern.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Quadratur-Signale dem Oszillographen in mindestens zwei getrennten Zeitfenstern zugeführt und dadurch die beiden überlagerten Lissajous-Figuren (30, 32) erzeugt werden.
  3. Vorrichtung zum Einrichten eines Gerätes (10, 12), das zwei in Quadratur stehende Signale (14, 16) erzeugt, welche umfaßt eine Bearbeitungsschaltung (18) mit zwei Eingangsleitungen zum Empfangen der Quadratur-Signale und einer Ausgangsleitung zur Verbindung mit einem Eingang eines Oszillographen (20), wobei die Bearbeitungsschaltung Mittel (22, 26, 28) enthält zum Kombinieren der Quadratur-Signale (14, 16), wodurch die Erzeugung einer ersten, von den Quadratur-Signalen (14, 16) abgeleiteten Lissajous-Figur (30) an einem Oszillographen-Bildschirm (20) ermöglicht ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bearbeitungsschaltung (18) eine weitere Ausgangsleitung besitzt, das Kombinationsmittel zwei kombinierte Ausgangssignale erzeugt, je eines an jeder Ausgangsleitung, wobei die Kombination so ist, daß eine zweite von den Quadratur-Signalen abgeleitete Lissajous-Figur (32) an dem Bildschirm des Oszillographen (20) erzeugt wird, wenn die X- und Y-Eingänge des Oszillographen mit den Ausgangsleitungen verbunden werden, wobei die Lissajous-Figuren einander überlagert sind und eine der Lissajous-Figuren eine Verdrehung oder Reflexion der anderen ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, bei der das Kombinierungsmittel Mittel (26, 28) zum Einspeisen der Quadratur-Signale in die Ausgangsleitungen in mindestens zwei getrennten Zeitfenstern enthält und dadurch die beiden überlagerten Lissajous-Figuren (30, 32) erzeugt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 mit Mitteln (22) zum Invertieren eines der Quadratur-Signale (16) in einem der Zeitfenster.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5 mit Mitteln (26, 28, 34, R4-R7) zum Einspeisen von Gleichspannungspegeln in die Ausgangsleitungen in mindestens einem weiteren Zeitfenster, um dadurch mindestens einen Referenzpunkt (36, 42) an dem Oszillographen-Bildschirm zu erzeugen.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei der die Gleichspannungspegel Null sind.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, bei der die Gleichspannungspegel Sättigungspegel der Quadratur-Signale (14, 16) darstellen.
EP89910131A 1988-09-02 1989-09-04 Justierung von quadratursignalen Expired - Lifetime EP0390886B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB888820778A GB8820778D0 (en) 1988-09-02 1988-09-02 Setting up of quadrature signals
GB8820778 1988-09-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0390886A1 EP0390886A1 (de) 1990-10-10
EP0390886B1 true EP0390886B1 (de) 1994-01-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89910131A Expired - Lifetime EP0390886B1 (de) 1988-09-02 1989-09-04 Justierung von quadratursignalen

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5128609A (de)
EP (1) EP0390886B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03502607A (de)
DE (1) DE68912109T2 (de)
GB (1) GB8820778D0 (de)
WO (1) WO1990002956A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6807499B2 (en) 2001-11-21 2004-10-19 Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh Control device of a position measuring system

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US5282266A (en) * 1991-01-31 1994-01-25 Hewlett-Packard Company Iconic method of showing progress toward an oscilloscope's target number of waveform averages
GB9110598D0 (en) * 1991-05-16 1991-07-03 Renishaw Transducer Syst Setting up of quadrature signals
DE4415208A1 (de) * 1994-04-30 1995-11-02 Thomson Brandt Gmbh Verfahren zur Analyse und Entzerrung von Signalen
DE19642200A1 (de) * 1996-10-12 1998-04-16 Heidenhain Gmbh Dr Johannes Kontrollvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Prüfung von positionsabhängigen Abtastsignalen
DE19642199A1 (de) * 1996-10-12 1998-04-16 Heidenhain Gmbh Dr Johannes Kontrollvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Prüfung von positionsabhängigen Abtastsignalen
US6349121B1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2002-02-19 Memorylink, Inc. Baseband data slicing method and apparatus
DE10018298B4 (de) * 2000-04-13 2012-04-05 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schwingungsdetektion bei einer Positionsmeßeinrichtung
DE10050392A1 (de) 2000-10-12 2002-04-18 Heidenhain Gmbh Dr Johannes Positionsmesseinrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Positionsmesseinrichtung
GB0125286D0 (en) * 2001-10-19 2001-12-12 Renishaw Plc Interface for position determining device
GB0413827D0 (en) * 2004-06-21 2004-07-21 Renishaw Plc Scale reading apparatus
GB0428165D0 (en) * 2004-12-23 2005-01-26 Renishaw Plc Position measurement
ES2547719T3 (es) * 2005-07-06 2015-10-08 Fagor, S.Coop. Cabeza lectora para dispositivos ópticos de medida
DE102006015725A1 (de) * 2006-04-04 2007-10-11 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh Verfahren zum Initialisieren eines Positionsmesssystems
GB0819767D0 (en) * 2008-10-28 2008-12-03 Renishaw Plc Absolute encoder setup indication
JP6069653B2 (ja) 2011-01-27 2017-02-01 株式会社ミツトヨ 光電式エンコーダ及びそのアライメント調整方法
JP6770300B2 (ja) * 2015-09-29 2020-10-14 株式会社ミツトヨ 計測機器用の信号処理回路

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5128609A (en) 1992-07-07
GB8820778D0 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0390886A1 (de) 1990-10-10
DE68912109D1 (de) 1994-02-17
WO1990002956A1 (en) 1990-03-22
JPH03502607A (ja) 1991-06-13
DE68912109T2 (de) 1994-04-28

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