EP0385886A1 - Circuit breaker with a rotating arc and with a centrifugal effect of the extinguishing gas - Google Patents

Circuit breaker with a rotating arc and with a centrifugal effect of the extinguishing gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0385886A1
EP0385886A1 EP90420078A EP90420078A EP0385886A1 EP 0385886 A1 EP0385886 A1 EP 0385886A1 EP 90420078 A EP90420078 A EP 90420078A EP 90420078 A EP90420078 A EP 90420078A EP 0385886 A1 EP0385886 A1 EP 0385886A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
arc
zone
fins
gas
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90420078A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0385886B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Malkin
Paul Glenat
Pierre Leclercq
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Publication of EP0385886A1 publication Critical patent/EP0385886A1/en
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Publication of EP0385886B1 publication Critical patent/EP0385886B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field

Definitions

  • Rotary arc circuit breaker having a sealed enclosure filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride, and containing one or more poles, each pole comprising: - a breaking chamber having a pair of arcing contacts capable of defining a breaking interval during their separation, magnetic blowing means, in particular a coil, or a permanent magnet intended to create a magnetic field for rotating the arc, causing the entrainment of the gas by centrifugal effect towards the periphery of the chamber, - an annular arc migration electrode, - And guide fins deposited in the breaking chamber to slow down the rotational movement of the extinguishing gas.
  • the centrifugal effect of driving the gas towards the periphery of the chamber is capable of creating a vacuum near the cut-off interval.
  • This depression generates a drop in gas density which weakens the dielectric strength in this region.
  • the speed of rotation of the arc is also close to the speed of entrainment of the gas, which prevents any effective heat exchange between the arc and the gas. This results in an insufficiency of the recovery voltage of the arc which can prevent the arc from being extinguished when short-circuit currents are cut.
  • Document FR 2,554,274 discloses a rotating arc circuit breaker with self-expansion having guide vanes arranged in the breaking chamber to slow down the movement of rotation of the extinguishing gas heated by the arc at the exhaust zone.
  • the fins are fixed on an insulating ring covering the arc migration electrode, that is to say in a region close to the cutoff interval. The mixing of hot and cold gases takes place in an area far from the cut-off interval. Such an arrangement of the fins risks reducing the performance of the circuit breaker.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the dielectric strength and the arc recovery voltage in a rotating arc circuit breaker.
  • the breaking chamber is subdivided into a first peripheral zone, arranged concentrically around a second intermediate zone close to the breaking interval, and the guide fins being in the first zone, so as to generate a differential speed between the arc and the gas in the second heat exchange zone.
  • the first area for housing the fins is separated from the outer edge of the electrode by an annular space contained in the second area.
  • the gas is thus braked exclusively by the fins in the first peripheral zone of the breaking chamber, but not in the second zone close to the arc.
  • the shape of the fins can be arbitrary.
  • the fins can be inclined, or have a shape of blade or propeller.
  • This device can be applied to a circuit breaker with or without gas autoexpansion.
  • the breaking chamber has a surface of revolution closed at its two ends by a first and a second bottom.
  • the second zone communicates during the separation of the arcing contacts with said enclosure forming an expansion chamber by gas flow conduits, formed by the tubular arcing contacts.
  • the invention is described as applying to a rotating arc circuit breaker and self-expanding, but it is obvious that it is also applicable to a rotating arc circuit breaker without self-expanding.
  • a pole of a medium-voltage or high-voltage circuit breaker or switch is of the type described in document FR-A-2617633.
  • the pole comprises an enclosure 10 confined by a cylindrical envelope 12, closed at its ends by two bottoms 14,16.
  • Enclosure 10 is filled with a stiff gas high dielectric, in particular sulfur hexafluoride at atmospheric pressure or overpressure.
  • the cylindrical casing 12 may be made of an insulating material and the bottoms 14, 16 made of a conductive material constituting areas of current supply.
  • the tubular movable contact 20 carries at its end a movable arcing contact 22, cooperating with a fixed arcing contact 23 carried by the contact 24 fixed to the opposite bottom 14.
  • the cylindrical surface 28 and the bottom 30 are metallic and electrically connected to the fixed contact piece 24.
  • the opposite bottom 32, crossed by the movable contact 20, is made of an insulating material ensuring electrical insulation between the movable contact 20 and the cylindrical surface 28.
  • a coil 34 attached to the metal bottom 30.
  • the coil 34 is capped with an electrode 36 constituting an arc migration track arranged opposite the movable arc contact 22.
  • the coil 34 is electrically connected on the one hand, to the electrode 36 and on the other hand, to the bottom 30 so as to be inserted in series between the movable arcing contact 22 and the fixed contact piece 24 in the closed position of the circuit breaker.
  • the breaking chamber 26 communicates with the enclosure 10, which constitutes an expansion chamber. Communication takes place on the one hand by the movable tubular contact 20, the base of which has exhaust orifices 38 between the tubular interior of the contact 20 and the enclosure 10, and on the other hand by the fixed contact part. 24 of tubular shape, which is extended through the coil 34 by a central duct 40 and which communicates at its base by orifices 42 with the enclosure 10.
  • the fixed arcing contact 23 is shown diagrammatically on the internal annular edge of the electrode 36.
  • the movable arcing contact 22 is joined to the electrode 36 by closing the two conduits of exhaust formed by the contacts 20.24.
  • the movable arcing contact 22 is a semi-fixed telescopic contact urged by a spring 44 in the extended position.
  • a sliding contact 46 carried by the bottom 16 of the enclosure 10, cooperates with the movable contact 20 to ensure the electrical connection of this movable contact 20 and of the current supply range formed by this bottom 16.
  • the cylindrical surface 28 of the interrupting chamber 26 is extended projecting from the insulating bottom 32 by a collar 48 arranged in main fixed contact.
  • the fixed main contact 48 cooperates with a movable main contact 50 constituted by a tulip contact carried by a support 52 secured to the movable contact 20.
  • the fingers of the tulip contact cooperate with the internal surface of the collar 48 so as to respect the size of the breaking chamber 26, but it is clear that a reverse arrangement so as to surround the collar 48 externally is usable when the size of the main contacts is secondary.
  • the main contacts 48.50 are opened without forming an arc and as soon as the current is switched in the parallel circuit, the coil 34 generates a magnetic field which contributes to the extinction of the arc formed during the separation of the arcing contacts 22,36 during the continued opening movement of the circuit breaker.
  • the arc drawn in the interrupting chamber 26 causes the gas contained in this chamber to heat up and build up in pressure, which gas escapes through the tubular contacts 20, 24 towards the expansion chamber constituted by the enclosure 10. This results in a gas flow which causes the arc to blow.
  • the coil 34 is switched on as soon as the main contacts 48.50 are opened, but it is clear that this circuiting can be carried out in a different way, in particular by switching the arc on the electrode 36.
  • the coil 34 can also be replaced by a permanent magnet and the gas flow can take place through only one of the contacts.
  • a plurality of radial fins 56 are arranged inside the cutting chamber 26 along the cylindrical surface 28.
  • the fins 56 are made of conductive or insulating material, and extend radially around the axis remaining separated from the outer edge of the electrode 36 and the coil 34 by an annular space 58.
  • the fins 56 are fixed to the bottom 30 and to the cylindrical surface 28, and each have a uniform cross section.
  • the section of each of the six fins is uniform on the side of the bottom 30 and around the cut-off interval, then gradually decreases to the middle part of the cylindrical surface 28.
  • the three fins 56 are fixed to the opposite insulating bottom 32, and extend over almost the entire height of the chamber 26, being separated from the cylindrical surface 28 by a small gap 64 , and of the electrode 36 through the space 58.
  • the arcing 64 rotates at high speed on the electrode 36 with the formation of a ring of hot gas in the cut-off interval.
  • the heated gas is driven in rotation towards the periphery of the breaking chamber under the effect of the centrifugal forces generated by the rotation of the arc.
  • the action of the fins 56 tends to brake the corresponding gas flow 66 (see FIG. 4) in the first peripheral zone 60, but not in the second intermediate zone 62.
  • the speed v2 of the gas flow is then lower than the speed v1 of the arc on the electrode 36, and this results in the second zone 62 in a differential speed between the arc 64 and the gas flow 66. This differential speed promotes heat exchange in the zone 62 between the arc and the SF6 gas, and contributes to a rapid extinction of the arc 64.
  • the fins 56 may also be inclined relative to the radial direction, or have a shape of a blade or a propeller.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Abstract

A circuit-breaker with rotating arc comprises a pair of separable arc-contacts (22, 23), a coil (34) for setting the arc (64) into rotation, and an annular migration electrode (36). Guide fins (56) are arranged inside the cutoff chamber (26) in order to slow the rotation of the gas in a first peripheral zone (60), so as to generate a differential speed between the arc (64) and the gas (66) promoting thermal exchange in a second zone (62) neighbouring the cutoff gap. <IMAGE>

Description

Disjoncteur à arc tournant ayant une enceinte étanche remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment de l'hexafluorure de soufre, et renfermant un ou plusieurs pôles, chaque pôle comportant :
- une chambre de coupure ayant une paire de contacts d'arc susceptibles de définir un intervalle de coupure lors de leur séparation,
- des moyens de soufflage magnétique, notamment une bobine, ou un aimant permanent destinés à créer un champ magnétique de mise en rotation de l'arc, provoquant l'entraînement du gaz par effet centrifuge vers la périphérie de la chambre,
- une électrode annulaire de migration de l'arc,
- et des ailettes de guidage déposées dans la chambre de coupure pour freiner le mouvement de rotation du gaz d'extinction.Rotary arc circuit breaker having a sealed enclosure filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride, and containing one or more poles, each pole comprising:
- a breaking chamber having a pair of arcing contacts capable of defining a breaking interval during their separation,
magnetic blowing means, in particular a coil, or a permanent magnet intended to create a magnetic field for rotating the arc, causing the entrainment of the gas by centrifugal effect towards the periphery of the chamber,
- an annular arc migration electrode,
- And guide fins deposited in the breaking chamber to slow down the rotational movement of the extinguishing gas.

Dans un disjoncteur à arc tournant l'effet centrifuge d'entraînement du gaz vers la périphérie de la chambre est capable de créer une dépression au voisinage de l'intervalle de coupure. Cette dépression engendre une baisse de densité du gaz qui affaiblit la tenue diélectrique dans cette région. La vitesse de rotation de l'arc est d'autre part voisine de la vitesse d'entraînement du gaz, ce qui empêche tout échange calorifique efficace entre l'arc et le gaz. Il en résulte une insuffisance de la tension de rétablissement de l'arc pouvant empêcher l'extinction de l'arc lors de coupure de courants de court-circuit.In a rotating circuit breaker the centrifugal effect of driving the gas towards the periphery of the chamber is capable of creating a vacuum near the cut-off interval. This depression generates a drop in gas density which weakens the dielectric strength in this region. The speed of rotation of the arc is also close to the speed of entrainment of the gas, which prevents any effective heat exchange between the arc and the gas. This results in an insufficiency of the recovery voltage of the arc which can prevent the arc from being extinguished when short-circuit currents are cut.

Le document FR 2.554.274 fait connaître un disjoncteur à arc tournant et à autoexpansion ayant des ailettes de guidage disposées dans la chambre de coupure pour freiner le mouvement de rotation du gaz d'extinction chauffé par l'arc à la zone d'échappement. Les ailettes sont fixées sur un anneau isolant recouvrant l'électrode de migration de l'arc, c'est-à-dire dans une région proche de l'intervalle de coupure. Le mélange des gaz chauds et froids s'effectue dans une zone éloignée par rapport à l'intervalle de coupure. Un tel agencement des ailettes risque de diminuer les performances du disjoncteur.Document FR 2,554,274 discloses a rotating arc circuit breaker with self-expansion having guide vanes arranged in the breaking chamber to slow down the movement of rotation of the extinguishing gas heated by the arc at the exhaust zone. The fins are fixed on an insulating ring covering the arc migration electrode, that is to say in a region close to the cutoff interval. The mixing of hot and cold gases takes place in an area far from the cut-off interval. Such an arrangement of the fins risks reducing the performance of the circuit breaker.

L'objet de l'invention consiste à améliorer la tenue diélectrique, et la tension de rétablissement de l'arc dans un disjoncteur à arc tournant.The object of the invention is to improve the dielectric strength and the arc recovery voltage in a rotating arc circuit breaker.

La chambre de coupure est subdivisée en une première zone périphérique, disposée concentriquement autour d'une deuxième zone intercalaire proche de l'intervalle de coupure, et que les ailettes de guidage se trouvent dans la première zone, de manière à engendrer une vitesse différentielle entre l'arc et le gaz dans la deuxième zone d'échange thermique.The breaking chamber is subdivided into a first peripheral zone, arranged concentrically around a second intermediate zone close to the breaking interval, and the guide fins being in the first zone, so as to generate a differential speed between the arc and the gas in the second heat exchange zone.

La première zone de logement des ailettes est séparée du bord extérieur de l'électrode par un espace annulaire contenu dans la deuxième zone. Le gaz est ainsi freiné exclusivement par les ailettes dans la première zone périphérique de la chambre de coupure, mais pas dans la deuxième zone proche de l'arc.The first area for housing the fins is separated from the outer edge of the electrode by an annular space contained in the second area. The gas is thus braked exclusively by the fins in the first peripheral zone of the breaking chamber, but not in the second zone close to the arc.

La forme des ailettes peut être quelconque.The shape of the fins can be arbitrary.

Les ailettes peuvent être inclinées, ou présenter une forme d'aube ou d'hélice.The fins can be inclined, or have a shape of blade or propeller.

Ce dispositif peut être appliqué à un disjoncteur avec ou sans autoexpansion du gaz.This device can be applied to a circuit breaker with or without gas autoexpansion.

Dans le cas d'un disjoncteur à autoexpansion, la chambre de coupure comporte une surface de révolution obturée à ses deux extrémités par un premier et un deuxième fonds. La deuxième zone communique lors de la séparation des contacts d'arc avec ladite enceinte formant une chambre d'expansion par des conduits d'écoulement de gaz, constitués par les contacts d'arc tubulaires.In the case of a self-expanding circuit breaker, the breaking chamber has a surface of revolution closed at its two ends by a first and a second bottom. The second zone communicates during the separation of the arcing contacts with said enclosure forming an expansion chamber by gas flow conduits, formed by the tubular arcing contacts.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et représenté aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un disjoncteur à autoexpansion selon l'invention, la demi-vue de gauche représentant le disjoncteur en position d'ouverture, et la demi-­vue de droite en position de fermeture;
  • - la figure 2 représente une vue partielle de la figure 1, d'une variante de réalisation;
  • - la figure 3 est une vue identique de la figure 2 d'une autre variante;
  • - la figure 4 montre une vue en coupe selon la ligne 4-4 de la figure 2;
  • - la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 5-5 de la figure 3.
Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of an embodiment of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example, and represented in the appended drawings, in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a self-expanding circuit breaker according to the invention, the left half-view showing the circuit breaker in the open position, and the right half-view in the closed position;
  • - Figure 2 shows a partial view of Figure 1, of an alternative embodiment;
  • - Figure 3 is an identical view to Figure 2 of another variant;
  • - Figure 4 shows a sectional view along line 4-4 of Figure 2;
  • - Figure 5 is a sectional view along line 5-5 of Figure 3.

L'invention est décrite comme s'appliquant à un disjoncteur à arc tournant et à autoexpansion, mais il est évident qu'elle est également applicable à un disjoncteur à arc tournant sans autoexpansion.The invention is described as applying to a rotating arc circuit breaker and self-expanding, but it is obvious that it is also applicable to a rotating arc circuit breaker without self-expanding.

Sur la figure 1, un pôle d'un disjoncteur ou interrupteur moyenne tension ou haute tension est du type décrit dans le document FR-­A-2617633. Le pôle comporte une enceinte 10 confinée par une enveloppe cylindrique 12, obturée à ses extrémités par deux fonds 14,16. L'enceinte 10 est remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment de l'hexafluorure de soufre à la pression atmosphérique ou à surpression. L'enveloppe cylindrique 12 peut être en un matériau isolant et les fonds 14,16 en matériau conducteur constituant des plages d'amenée de courant. Une tige de commande 18, disposée dans l'axe de l'enceinte 10, traverse d'une manière étanche le fond 16 et est prolongée à l'intérieur de l'enceinte 10 par un contact mobile tubulaire 20. Le contact mobile tubulaire 20 porte à son extrémité un contact d'arc mobile 22, coopérant avec un contact d'arc fixe 23 porté par le contact 24 fixé au fond opposé 14. Une chambre de coupure 26, constituée par une surface cylindrique 28 et deux fonds 30,32, entourent coaxialement les contacts 22,24. La surface cylindrique 28 et le fond 30 sont métalliques et reliés électriquement à la pièce de contact fixe 24. Le fond opposé 32, traversé par le contact mobile 20, est réalisé en un matériau isolant assurant l'isolation électrique entre le contact mobile 20 et la surface cylindrique 28.In FIG. 1, a pole of a medium-voltage or high-voltage circuit breaker or switch is of the type described in document FR-A-2617633. The pole comprises an enclosure 10 confined by a cylindrical envelope 12, closed at its ends by two bottoms 14,16. Enclosure 10 is filled with a stiff gas high dielectric, in particular sulfur hexafluoride at atmospheric pressure or overpressure. The cylindrical casing 12 may be made of an insulating material and the bottoms 14, 16 made of a conductive material constituting areas of current supply. A control rod 18, disposed in the axis of the enclosure 10, crosses the bottom 16 in a sealed manner and is extended inside the enclosure 10 by a tubular movable contact 20. The tubular movable contact 20 carries at its end a movable arcing contact 22, cooperating with a fixed arcing contact 23 carried by the contact 24 fixed to the opposite bottom 14. A breaking chamber 26, constituted by a cylindrical surface 28 and two bottoms 30,32 , coaxially surround the contacts 22,24. The cylindrical surface 28 and the bottom 30 are metallic and electrically connected to the fixed contact piece 24. The opposite bottom 32, crossed by the movable contact 20, is made of an insulating material ensuring electrical insulation between the movable contact 20 and the cylindrical surface 28.

A l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure 26 est disposée une bobine 34 accolée au fond métallique 30. La bobine 34 est coiffée d'une électrode 36 constituant une piste de migration d'arc disposée en regard du contact d'arc mobile 22. La bobine 34 est connectée électriquement d'une part, à l'électrode 36 et d'autre part, au fond 30 de manière à être insérée en série entre le contact d'arc mobile 22 et la pièce de contact fixe 24 en position fermée du disjoncteur.Inside the interrupting chamber 26 is disposed a coil 34 attached to the metal bottom 30. The coil 34 is capped with an electrode 36 constituting an arc migration track arranged opposite the movable arc contact 22. The coil 34 is electrically connected on the one hand, to the electrode 36 and on the other hand, to the bottom 30 so as to be inserted in series between the movable arcing contact 22 and the fixed contact piece 24 in the closed position of the circuit breaker.

En position d'ouverture du disjoncteur représentée sur la partie gauche de la figure 1, la chambre de coupure 26 communique avec l'enceinte 10, laquelle constitue une chambre d'expansion. La communication s'effectue d'une part par le contact tubulaire mobile 20 dont la base présente des orifices 38 d'échappement entre l'intérieur tubulaire du contact 20 et l'enceinte 10, et d'autre part par la pièce de contact fixe 24 de forme tubulaire, qui est prolongée à travers la bobine 34 par un conduit central 40 et qui communique à sa base par des orifices 42 avec l'enceinte 10. Le contact d'arc fixe 23 est représenté schématiquement sur le bord annulaire interne de l'électrode 36. En position fermée du disjoncteur, représenté sur la demi-vue de droite de la figure 1, le contact d'arc mobile 22 est abouté à l'électrode 36 en obturant les deux conduits d'échappement constitués par les contacts 20,24.In the open position of the circuit breaker shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 1, the breaking chamber 26 communicates with the enclosure 10, which constitutes an expansion chamber. Communication takes place on the one hand by the movable tubular contact 20, the base of which has exhaust orifices 38 between the tubular interior of the contact 20 and the enclosure 10, and on the other hand by the fixed contact part. 24 of tubular shape, which is extended through the coil 34 by a central duct 40 and which communicates at its base by orifices 42 with the enclosure 10. The fixed arcing contact 23 is shown diagrammatically on the internal annular edge of the electrode 36. In the closed position of the circuit breaker, shown in the right half-view of FIG. 1, the movable arcing contact 22 is joined to the electrode 36 by closing the two conduits of exhaust formed by the contacts 20.24.

Le contact mobile d'arc 22 est un contact télescopique semi-fixe sollicité par un ressort 44 en position d'extension. Un contact glissant 46, porté par le fond 16 de l'enceinte 10, coopère avec le contact mobile 20 pour assurer la connexion électrique de ce contact mobile 20 et de la plage d'amenée de courant constituée par ce fond 16.The movable arcing contact 22 is a semi-fixed telescopic contact urged by a spring 44 in the extended position. A sliding contact 46, carried by the bottom 16 of the enclosure 10, cooperates with the movable contact 20 to ensure the electrical connection of this movable contact 20 and of the current supply range formed by this bottom 16.

La surface cylindrique 28 de la chambre de coupure 26 est prolongée en saillie du fond isolant 32 par un collet 48 agencé en contact fixe principal. Le contact principal fixe 48 coopère avec un contact principal mobile 50 constitué par un contact en tulipe porté par un support 52 solidaire du contact mobile 20. Les doigts du contact en tulipe coopèrent avec la surface interne du collet 48 de manière à respecter le gabarit de la chambre de coupure 26, mais il est clair qu'une disposition inverse de manière à enserrer extérieurement le collet 48 est utilisable lorsque l'encombrement des contacts principaux est secondaire.The cylindrical surface 28 of the interrupting chamber 26 is extended projecting from the insulating bottom 32 by a collar 48 arranged in main fixed contact. The fixed main contact 48 cooperates with a movable main contact 50 constituted by a tulip contact carried by a support 52 secured to the movable contact 20. The fingers of the tulip contact cooperate with the internal surface of the collar 48 so as to respect the size of the breaking chamber 26, but it is clear that a reverse arrangement so as to surround the collar 48 externally is usable when the size of the main contacts is secondary.

Le fonctionnement d'un tel interrupteur est bien connu des spécialistes, et il suffit de rappeler que l'ouverture du disjoncteur est commandée par un coulissement vers le bas sur la figure 1 de la tige de commande 18 qui entraîne le contact principal en tulipe 50 vers le bas dans une position de séparation du contact principal fixe 48. Pendant une première phase du mouvement d'ouverture du disjoncteur, le contact d'arc mobile 22 monté télescopiquement reste abouté à l'électrode 36 sous l'action du ressort 44. Dès la séparation des contacts principaux 48,50, le courant est commuté dans le circuit parallèle constitué par le contact d'arc mobile 22 et la bobine 34. L'ouverture des contacts principaux 48,50 s'effectue sans formation d'un arc et dès la commutation du courant dans le circuit parallèle, la bobine 34 engendre un champ magnétique qui contribue à l'extinction de l'arc se formant lors de la séparation des contacts d'arc 22,36 au cours du mouvement poursuivi d'ouverture du disjoncteur. L'arc tiré dans la chambre de coupure 26 provoque un échauffement et une montée en pression du gaz contenue dans cette chambre, lequel gaz s'échappe par les contacts tubulaires 20,24 vers la chambre d'expansion constituée par l'enceinte 10. Il en résulte un écoulement gazeux qui provoque le soufflage de l'arc.The operation of such a switch is well known to specialists, and it suffices to recall that the opening of the circuit breaker is controlled by sliding downward in FIG. 1 of the control rod 18 which drives the main contact in tulip 50 downwards in a position for separating the fixed main contact 48. During a first phase of the circuit-breaker opening movement, the movable arcing contact 22 mounted telescopically remains abutted to the electrode 36 under the action of the spring 44. As soon as the main contacts 48.50 are separated, the current is switched in the parallel circuit constituted by the movable arcing contact 22 and the coil 34. The main contacts 48.50 are opened without forming an arc and as soon as the current is switched in the parallel circuit, the coil 34 generates a magnetic field which contributes to the extinction of the arc formed during the separation of the arcing contacts 22,36 during the continued opening movement of the circuit breaker. The arc drawn in the interrupting chamber 26 causes the gas contained in this chamber to heat up and build up in pressure, which gas escapes through the tubular contacts 20, 24 towards the expansion chamber constituted by the enclosure 10. This results in a gas flow which causes the arc to blow.

Dans l'exemple décrit ci-dessus, la bobine 34 est mise en circuit dès l'ouverture des contacts principaux 48,50 mais il est clair que cette mise en circuit peut être réalisée d'une manière différente, notamment par une commutation de l'arc sur l'électrode 36. La bobine 34 peut également être remplacée par un aimant permanent et l'écoulement gazeux peut s'éffectuer à travers un seul des contacts.In the example described above, the coil 34 is switched on as soon as the main contacts 48.50 are opened, but it is clear that this circuiting can be carried out in a different way, in particular by switching the arc on the electrode 36. The coil 34 can also be replaced by a permanent magnet and the gas flow can take place through only one of the contacts.

Selon l'invention, une pluralité d'ailettes 56 radiales sont disposées à l'intérieur de la chambre de coupure 26 le long de la surface cylindrique 28. Les ailettes 56 sont réalisées en matériau conducteur ou isolant, et s'étendent radialement autour de l'axe en restant séparées du bord extérieur de l'électrode 36 et de la bobine 34 par un espace 58 annulaire.According to the invention, a plurality of radial fins 56 are arranged inside the cutting chamber 26 along the cylindrical surface 28. The fins 56 are made of conductive or insulating material, and extend radially around the axis remaining separated from the outer edge of the electrode 36 and the coil 34 by an annular space 58.

La chambre de coupure 26 est subdivisée en deux zones concentriques, comprenant une première zone 60 périphérique renfermant les ailettes 56, et une deuxième zone 62 intercalaire ménagée entre la première zone 60 et l'intervalle de coupure. L'arc 64 s'établit dans l'intervalle de coupure lors de la séparation des contacts d'arc 22,23, et l'espace 58 est compris dans la deuxième zone 62.The interrupting chamber 26 is subdivided into two concentric zones, comprising a first peripheral zone 60 enclosing the fins 56, and a second intermediate zone 62 formed between the first zone 60 and the interruption interval. The arc 64 is established in the cut-off interval when the arcing contacts 22, 23 are separated, and the space 58 is included in the second zone 62.

Sur la figure 1, les ailettes 56 sont fixées au fond 30 et à la surface cylindrique 28, et présentent chacune une section droite uniforme.In FIG. 1, the fins 56 are fixed to the bottom 30 and to the cylindrical surface 28, and each have a uniform cross section.

Dans la variante des figures 2 et 4, la section de chacune des six ailettes est uniforme du côté du fond 30 et autour de l'intervalle de coupure, puis diminue progressivement jusqu'à la partie médiane de la surface cylindrique 28.In the variant of FIGS. 2 and 4, the section of each of the six fins is uniform on the side of the bottom 30 and around the cut-off interval, then gradually decreases to the middle part of the cylindrical surface 28.

Dans l'autre variante des figures 3 et 5, les trois ailettes 56 sont fixées au fond opposé 32 isolant, et s'étendent sur presque toute la hauteur de la chambre 26, en étant séparées de la surface cylindrique 28 par un faible interstice 64, et de l'électrode 36 par l'espace 58.In the other variant of FIGS. 3 and 5, the three fins 56 are fixed to the opposite insulating bottom 32, and extend over almost the entire height of the chamber 26, being separated from the cylindrical surface 28 by a small gap 64 , and of the electrode 36 through the space 58.

Lors de la séparation des contacts d'arc 22,23, l'arc 64 tourne à grande vitesse sur l'électrode 36 avec formation d'un anneau de gaz chaud dans l'intervalle de coupure. Le gaz chauffé est entraîné en rotation vers la périphérie de la chambre de coupure sous l'effet des forces centrifuges engendrées par la rotation de l'arc. L'action des ailettes 56 tend à freiner l'écoulement gazeux 66 correspondant (voir figure 4) dans la première zone 60 périphérique, mais pas dans la deuxième zone 62 intercalaire. La vitesse v2 de l'écoulement gazeux est alors inférieure à la vitesse v1 de l'arc sur l'électrode 36, et il en résulte dans la deuxième zone 62 une vitesse différentielle entre l'arc 64 et l'écoulement gazeux 66. Cette vitesse différentielle favorise l'échange thermique dans la zone 62 entre l'arc et le gaz SF6, et contribue à une extinction rapide de l'arc 64.During the separation of the arcing contacts 22, 23, the arcing 64 rotates at high speed on the electrode 36 with the formation of a ring of hot gas in the cut-off interval. The heated gas is driven in rotation towards the periphery of the breaking chamber under the effect of the centrifugal forces generated by the rotation of the arc. The action of the fins 56 tends to brake the corresponding gas flow 66 (see FIG. 4) in the first peripheral zone 60, but not in the second intermediate zone 62. The speed v2 of the gas flow is then lower than the speed v1 of the arc on the electrode 36, and this results in the second zone 62 in a differential speed between the arc 64 and the gas flow 66. This differential speed promotes heat exchange in the zone 62 between the arc and the SF6 gas, and contributes to a rapid extinction of the arc 64.

Les ailettes 56 peuvent également être inclinées par rapport à la direction radiale, ou présenter une forme d'aube ou d'hélice.The fins 56 may also be inclined relative to the radial direction, or have a shape of a blade or a propeller.

Claims (8)

1. Disjoncteur à arc tournant ayant une enceinte (10) étanche remplie d'un gaz à rigidité diélectrique élevée, notamment de l'hexafluorure de soufre, et renfermant un ou plusieurs pôles, chaque pôle comportant:
- une chambre de coupure (26) ayant une paire de contacts d'arc (23,22) susceptibles de définir un intervalle de coupure lors de leur séparation,
- des moyens de soufflage magnétique, notamment une bobine (34), ou un aimant permanent destinés à créer un champ magnétique de mise en rotation de l'arc (64), provoquant l'entraînement du gaz par effet centrifuge vers la périphérie de la chambre (26),
- une électrode (36) annulaire de migration de l'arc (64),
- des ailettes (56) de guidage disposées dans la chambre de coupure (26) pour freiner le mouvement de rotation du gaz d'extinction caractérisé en ce que la chambre de coupure (26) est subdivisée en une première zone (60) périphérique, disposée concentriquement autour d'une deuxième zone (62) intercalaire proche de l'intervalle de coupure, et que les ailettes (56) de guidage se trouvent dans la première zone (60), de manière à engendrer une vitesse différentielle entre l'arc et le gaz dans la deuxième zone (62) d'échange thermique.1. A rotary arc circuit breaker having a sealed enclosure (10) filled with a gas with high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride, and containing one or more poles, each pole comprising:
- a breaking chamber (26) having a pair of arcing contacts (23,22) capable of defining a breaking interval during their separation,
- magnetic blowing means, in particular a coil (34), or a permanent magnet intended to create a magnetic field for rotating the arc (64), causing the entrainment of the gas by centrifugal effect towards the periphery of the room (26),
- an annular arc migration electrode (36) (64),
- guide fins (56) arranged in the cutting chamber (26) for slowing the rotational movement of the extinguishing gas, characterized in that the cutting chamber (26) is subdivided into a first peripheral zone (60), arranged concentrically around a second intermediate zone (62) close to the cutoff interval, and the guide vanes (56) are located in the first zone (60), so as to generate a differential speed between the arc and the gas in the second heat exchange zone (62). 2. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première zone (60) de logement des ailettes (56) est séparée du bord extérieur de l'électrode (36) par un espace (58) annulaire contenu dans la deuxième zone (62).2. Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the first zone (60) for housing the fins (56) is separated from the outer edge of the electrode (36) by an annular space (58) contained in the second zone ( 62). 3. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, ayant une chambre de coupure (26) à surface de révolution (28) obturée à ses deux extrémités par un premier et un deuxième fonds (30,32), caractérisé en ce que les contacts d'arc (22,23) sont creux pour constituer après séparation des conduits d'écoulement de gaz entre la deuxième zone (62) et l'enceinte (10) formant une chambre d'expansion.3. Circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, having a breaking chamber (26) with a surface of revolution (28) closed at its two ends by a first and a second bottom (30,32), characterized in that the contacts d arc (22,23) are hollow for constitute after separation of the gas flow conduits between the second zone (62) and the enclosure (10) forming an expansion chamber. 4. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes (56) viennent en engagement contre la surface de révolution (28) et le premier fond (30).4. Circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that the fins (56) come into engagement against the surface of revolution (28) and the first bottom (30). 5. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes (56) sont portées par le deuxième fond (32), et s'étendent jusqu'au voisinage de l'électrode (36).5. Circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that the fins (56) are carried by the second bottom (32), and extend to the vicinity of the electrode (36). 6. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes 56 s'étendent radialement dans la première zone 60.6. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the fins 56 extend radially in the first zone 60. 7. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes 56 sont inclinées par rapport à la direction radiale.7. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the fins 56 are inclined relative to the radial direction. 8. Disjoncteur selon l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes 56 présentent une forme d'aube ou d'hélice.8. Circuit breaker according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the fins 56 have a shape of blade or propeller.
EP90420078A 1989-02-27 1990-02-14 Circuit breaker with a rotating arc and with a centrifugal effect of the extinguishing gas Expired - Lifetime EP0385886B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8902637 1989-02-27
FR8902637 1989-02-27

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EP0385886A1 true EP0385886A1 (en) 1990-09-05
EP0385886B1 EP0385886B1 (en) 1994-11-09

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US (1) US5001313A (en)
EP (1) EP0385886B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02276122A (en)
DE (1) DE69013946T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2066175T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2066175T3 (en) 1995-03-01
EP0385886B1 (en) 1994-11-09
JPH02276122A (en) 1990-11-13
US5001313A (en) 1991-03-19
DE69013946T2 (en) 1995-05-24
DE69013946D1 (en) 1994-12-15

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