EP0377344A1 - Method for the superficial finishing treatment of materials capable of being polished - Google Patents

Method for the superficial finishing treatment of materials capable of being polished Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0377344A1
EP0377344A1 EP89400014A EP89400014A EP0377344A1 EP 0377344 A1 EP0377344 A1 EP 0377344A1 EP 89400014 A EP89400014 A EP 89400014A EP 89400014 A EP89400014 A EP 89400014A EP 0377344 A1 EP0377344 A1 EP 0377344A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover
polishing
zone
zones
adjacent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89400014A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0377344B1 (en
Inventor
Joseph Sevilla
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT89400014T priority Critical patent/ATE90255T1/en
Priority to DE1989607041 priority patent/DE68907041T2/en
Publication of EP0377344A1 publication Critical patent/EP0377344A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0377344B1 publication Critical patent/EP0377344B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a method of surface treatment of finishing materials whose surface is capable of polishing.
  • polishing is used here to designate the operations by which the surface of a material is worked using tools or abrasive powders which leave traces on this surface.
  • the use of increasingly fine abrasive powders for polishing a surface has been known for a long time.
  • the first mirrors were made in this way on easy to polish metal surfaces such as copper, for example.
  • the purpose of such polishing known as mirror polishing, is that the polishing tool or abrasive used does not leave traces visible to the naked eye.
  • polishing with visible traces The invention lies in this technical field which can be called that of polishing with visible traces. Polishing of this kind known so far can be classified into two categories: - the category of polishing with parallel rectilinear lines which all have the same direction over the entire polished surface, - the category of polishing with circular lines made in the form of many circles which partially overlap in order to cover the entire polished surface together.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide a polishing process with visible traces of a surface on which appear polished zones of sizes and any given configurations, directly adjacent. each other, in which the visible traces have at least one general direction determined in each zone but have clearly different general directions between the neighboring zones, said zones being either without a perceptible separation range between them, or with a separation range perceptible and of predetermined width between adjacent areas.
  • the invention also covers any polished surface with visible traces of polishing on which there are zones polished in different general directions without perceptible separation range between adjacent zones.
  • this cover is covered. surface outside a first zone of a mask having a thickness which is at most 40 ⁇ m, this mask is adhered to the surface using a suitable means, the said first zone is polished by making it appear visible traces having a first general direction, remove the cover, then cover this first area already polished and part of the rest of the surface in the same way using a cover, leaving a second area to be polished clear adjacent to the first zone, we polish this second zone by showing visible traces having a second general direction, we continue by repeating this process as many times as we want to obtain su r said surface of the polished areas with visible traces in different general directions between which there is no separation range perceptible to the eye.
  • the thickness of 40 ⁇ m of the mask used is a critical value from which we begin to discern between the neighboring zones with visible traces differently oriented a separation range; this is a range of very narrow width where the surface subjected to polishing retains its initial state.
  • Polishing with parallel visible traces is carried out by an operation, commonly called brushing, for which a mechanical support and an abrasive capable of scratching the worked surface are used.
  • brushing for which a mechanical support and an abrasive capable of scratching the worked surface are used.
  • the cover is subjected to the action of the abrasive in the same way as the worked surface, It is therefore necessary to use a cover which resists abrasion at least during the duration of the surgery.
  • a thickness of the cover less than 40 ⁇ m can be chosen when the material which constitutes this cover is sufficiently resistant.
  • a thin metal strip with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m for example, can be used to form a cover in accordance with the invention. If the metal is hardened steel and if the material whose surface is worked is magnetizable, like certain grades of stainless steel, the cover can be held in place on an area to be protected by magnetic attraction through the worked material.
  • an adhesive to hold the cover over the part of the surface that needs to be protected.
  • Thin sheets are commercially available in different materials (metal or metallized material or plastic) lined on one side with a layer of adhesive material. These sheets are well suited for carrying out the process of the invention.
  • the preferred cover is a plastic cover, generally made of polyester, covered with an adhesive on one side and metallized on the opposite side, with a layer of chrome which gives it the desired resistance to abrasion.
  • a cover of this type sold under the name FASCAL, with a thickness of 25 microns.
  • Such a polyester metallized cover using a chromium layer is perfectly suitable for the application of the method of the invention. Its edge, which limits the area worked by brushing with visible traces, supports, without being damaged, 400 to 500 passages of the abrasive medium used, with a manual pressing force of several daN.
  • Polishing with visible traces is carried out using any suitable means appropriate to the nature of the material being worked.
  • polishing pads constituted by a block or a sheet of flexible material similar to a sponge carrying on one side a layer of alumina or silicon carbide for example the product of this kind sold under the name "scotch-brit" is well suited for carrying out the process of invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a metal plate 1 which has a surface 2 on which one wants to make a decorative pattern using the method of the invention.
  • this area 3 is covered with the aid of a cover 4 having a total thickness e.
  • This thickness e comprises the thickness of a layer of adhesive 5, that of a polyester support 6 and that of a layer of chromium 7.
  • the latter gives the cover 4 the surface resistance necessary for abrasion.
  • the cover 4 ends with an edge 8 which limits a worked area 9 of the surface 2.
  • the polishing with parallel visible lines of the worked area 9 is carried out using a sheet of "scotch-brit" 10 covered on one face of an abrasive layer 11 of aluminum oxide.
  • the worked area 9 is given the desired appearance by pressing the abrasive sheet 10 against the surface 2 as indicated by an arrow F1 and alternately moving it in opposite directions indicated by a double arrow F2; these alternating movements can be 20 to 30 for example.
  • the abrasive sheet 10 crosses the edge 8 of the cover 4 and "rises" on the latter.
  • the edge 8 and the upper face of the cover 4 must resist abrasion without alteration until the end of these alternating movements.
  • the latter reveal traces of parallel scratches in the worked open area 9 of the surface 2.
  • This area 12 has a width l whose value mainly depends on the thickness of the cover 4 and secondarily on the force exerted on the abrasive sheet 10 in the direction of arrow F1.
  • Graphs 2 and 3 show more precisely the influence on the width l on the one hand of the total thickness e of the cover 4, on the other hand of the force F1. On these two graphs the thickness e is indicated in abscissa in microns and the width l in ordinate in mm.
  • Figure 2 relates to the case where the force F1 has a value not exceeding 1 daN.
  • the width l of the area 12 is clearly less than 0.1 and indistinguishable from the naked eye.
  • the range 12 has a width l which barely exceeds 0.15 mm: it is starting to be able to be distinguished with the naked eye but it is still not very discernible, especially with a distance of a few meters.
  • the width l becomes more and more clearly visible, reaching 0.4 mm at a thickness of 55 microns; 0.9 mm at a thick 60 micron sor; 1 mm at a thickness of 75 microns; 1.3 mm at a thickness of 100 microns.
  • the graph in FIG. 3 is similar to that in FIG. 2 but the pressing force in direction F1 of the abrasive sheet 10 was 3 to 4 daN.
  • the increase in force has the effect of reducing the width l of the range 12. With a thickness of 40 microns the width l does not exceed 0.1 mm; the following maximum values were found: thickness e in microns Width l in mm 50 0.3 55 0.4 60 0.8 75 0.9 100 1.1
  • FIG. 4 shows examples of implementation work of the process of the invention.
  • the surface 2 ′ of a block of material has six zones A, B, C, D, E, F on which parallel visible traces have been made in different directions between adjacent zones, by protection successively at using covers 4 25 microns thick. No separation range appears between two neighboring zones A and E, A and B, for example, at the ends of the visible traces of these zones. It is possible to make crossed traces as can be seen on track F.
  • FIG. 5 shows that the surface 2 ⁇ can be in an initial state, for example a polished state or a dull state, without visible traces, than the 'we can keep outside the ranges where visible traces are made.
  • FIG. 5 shows that the surface 2 ⁇ can be in an initial state, for example a polished state or a dull state, without visible traces, than the 'we can keep outside the ranges where visible traces are made.
  • the parallel visible traces are not necessarily rectilinear but that they can be curved as in the zones G, H, I.
  • the visible traces, rectilinear or curved are not necessarily parallel; they can be concurrent as in zone K. This last result is obtained less easily, it may require the successive use of a greater number of caches 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

In order to polish, with visible marks, a zone (9) of a surface (2), the unworked zones are masked with a cover (4) having one adhesive face and one face lined with a layer of metal (7) resistant to abrasion, the total thickness (e) of which does not exceed 40 microns, so that the unpolished area along the edge (8) of the cover (4) has a width (l) less than approximately 0.1 mm, which makes it invisible to the naked eye so that the adjacent zones are directly in contact without any visible separation area. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention a pour objet un procédé de traitement superficiel de finition des matières dont la surface est susceptible de polissage.The subject of the invention is a method of surface treatment of finishing materials whose surface is capable of polishing.

Le mot polissage est employé ici pour désigner les opérations par lesquelles la surface d'une matière est travaillée à l'aide d'outils ou de poudres abrasives qui laissent des traces sur cette surface.The word polishing is used here to designate the operations by which the surface of a material is worked using tools or abrasive powders which leave traces on this surface.

L'emploi de poudres abrasives de plus en plus fines pour le polissage d'une surface est connu depuis longtemps. Les premiers miroirs ont été réalisés de cette façon sur des surfaces métalliques faciles à polir comme le cuivre, par exemple. Toutefois, le but d'un tel polissage, dit de qua­lité miroir , est que l'outil ou l'abrasif de polissage utilisé ne laisse pas de traces visibles à l'oeil nu.The use of increasingly fine abrasive powders for polishing a surface has been known for a long time. The first mirrors were made in this way on easy to polish metal surfaces such as copper, for example. However, the purpose of such polishing, known as mirror polishing, is that the polishing tool or abrasive used does not leave traces visible to the naked eye.

On sait aussi que, inversement, on peut réaliser un polissage moins poussé d'une surface en y laissant volontairement des traces de polissage, soit pour dissimuler un état de surface ou un état géométrique non totalement satis­faisants , soit simplement comme procédé technique pour la réalisation d'un motif décoratif.We also know that, conversely, we can achieve a less thorough polishing of a surface by voluntarily leaving traces of polishing, either to conceal a surface state or a geometrical state that is not completely satisfactory, or simply as a technical process for carrying out of a decorative motif.

L'invention se situe dans ce domaine technique que l'on peut appeler celui du polissage à traces visibles. Les polissages de ce genre connus jusqu'à présent peuvent être classés dans deux catégories:
- la catégorie du polissage à traits rectilignes parallèles qui ont tous une même direction sur la totalité de la surface polie,
- la catégorie du polissage à traits circulaires réalisés sous forme de nombreux cercles qui se recouvrent partiellement afin de couvrir ensemble la totalité de la sur­face polie.The invention lies in this technical field which can be called that of polishing with visible traces. Polishing of this kind known so far can be classified into two categories:
- the category of polishing with parallel rectilinear lines which all have the same direction over the entire polished surface,
- the category of polishing with circular lines made in the form of many circles which partially overlap in order to cover the entire polished surface together.

L'invention a pour but principal d'apporter un procédé de polissage à traces visibles d'une surface sur la­quelle apparaissent des zones polies de grandeurs et de confi­gurations quelconques déterminées, directement adjacentes les unes les autres, dans lesquelles les traces visibles ont au moins une direction générale déterminée dans chaque zone mais ont des directions générales nettement différentes entre les zones voisines, lesdites zones étant soit sans plage de séparation perceptible entre elles, soit avec une plage de séparation perceptible et de largeur prédéterminée entre des zones adjacentes.The main object of the invention is to provide a polishing process with visible traces of a surface on which appear polished zones of sizes and any given configurations, directly adjacent. each other, in which the visible traces have at least one general direction determined in each zone but have clearly different general directions between the neighboring zones, said zones being either without a perceptible separation range between them, or with a separation range perceptible and of predetermined width between adjacent areas.

L'invention couvre aussi toute surface polie avec traces visibles de polissage sur laquelle il existe des zones polies selon des directions générales différentes sans plage de séparation perceptible entre des zones adjacentes.The invention also covers any polished surface with visible traces of polishing on which there are zones polished in different general directions without perceptible separation range between adjacent zones.

Avant l'exécution d'une opération de polissage à traces visibles sur différentes zones limitées adjacentes d'une surface ayant des dimensions plus grandes que celles de chacune desdites zones et ayant un état initial, selon un premier aspect de l'invention on couvre cette surface en dehors d'une première zone d'un cache ayant une épaisseur qui est au plus de 40 µm, on fait adhérer ce cache à la surface à l'aide d'un moyen convenable, on polit ladite pre­mière zone en y faisant apparaître des traces visibles ayant une première direction générale, on retire le cache, on couvre ensuite cette première zone déjà polie et une partie du reste de la surface de la même façon à l'aide d'un cache en laissant dégagée une deuxième zone à polir adjacente à la première zone, on polit cette deuxième zone en y faisant appa­raître des traces visibles ayant une deuxième direction géné­rale, on continue en répétant ce processus autant de fois que l'on veut obtenir sur ladite surface des zones polies à traces visibles à directions générales différentes entre lesquelles on ne voit pas de plage de séparation perceptible à l'oeil.Before the execution of a polishing operation with visible traces on different adjacent limited areas of a surface having dimensions larger than those of each of said areas and having an initial state, according to a first aspect of the invention, this cover is covered. surface outside a first zone of a mask having a thickness which is at most 40 μm, this mask is adhered to the surface using a suitable means, the said first zone is polished by making it appear visible traces having a first general direction, remove the cover, then cover this first area already polished and part of the rest of the surface in the same way using a cover, leaving a second area to be polished clear adjacent to the first zone, we polish this second zone by showing visible traces having a second general direction, we continue by repeating this process as many times as we want to obtain su r said surface of the polished areas with visible traces in different general directions between which there is no separation range perceptible to the eye.

L'épaisseur de 40 µm du cache utilisé est une valeur critique à partir de laquelle on commence à discerner entre les zones voisines à traces visibles orientées différemment une plage de séparation ; celle-ci est une plage de très faible largeur où la surface soumise au polissage conserve son état initial. Plus l'épaisseur du cache est accrue à partir de 40 µm, plus la place de séparation devient large et visible.The thickness of 40 µm of the mask used is a critical value from which we begin to discern between the neighboring zones with visible traces differently oriented a separation range; this is a range of very narrow width where the surface subjected to polishing retains its initial state. The more the thickness of the cover is increased from 40 µm, the more the separation space becomes large and visible.

Le polissage à traces visibles parallèles s'éxécute par une opération, couramment appelée brossage, pour laquelle on se sert d'un support mécanique et d'un abrasif capable de rayer la surface travaillée. Pendant l'opération le cache est soumis à l'action de l'abrasif de la même façon que la surface travaillée, Il est donc nécessaire de se servir d'un cache qui résiste à l'abrasion au moins pendant la durée de l'opération. Une épaisseur du cache inférieure à 40 µm peut être choisie lorsque la matière qui constitue ce cache est suffisamment résistante.Polishing with parallel visible traces is carried out by an operation, commonly called brushing, for which a mechanical support and an abrasive capable of scratching the worked surface are used. During the operation the cover is subjected to the action of the abrasive in the same way as the worked surface, It is therefore necessary to use a cover which resists abrasion at least during the duration of the surgery. A thickness of the cover less than 40 μm can be chosen when the material which constitutes this cover is sufficiently resistant.

Un feuillard métallique mince, d'une épaisseur de 30 µm à 40 µm par exemple, peut être utilisé pour constituer un cache conforme à l'invention. Si le métal est de l'acier trempé et si la matière dont la surface est travaillée est magnétisable, comme certaines nuances d'acier inoxydable, le cache peut être tenu en place sur une zone à protéger par attraction magnétique à travers la matière travaillée.A thin metal strip, with a thickness of 30 μm to 40 μm for example, can be used to form a cover in accordance with the invention. If the metal is hardened steel and if the material whose surface is worked is magnetizable, like certain grades of stainless steel, the cover can be held in place on an area to be protected by magnetic attraction through the worked material.

En général, il est préférable de se servir d'un adhésif pour faire tenir le cache sur la partie de la surface qui doit être protégée. On trouve dans le commerce des feuil­les de faible épaisseur, en différentes matières (métal ou matière métallisée ou matière plastique) garnies sur une face d'une couche de matière adhésive. Ces feuilles convien­nent bien pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention. En variante, on peut déposer soi-même sur une surface du cache un adhésif suffisamment résistant, par example du type cyanoacrylate. Il y a lieu de tenir compte que l'épaisseur de la couche d'adhésif fait partie de la valeur de l'épaisseur mentionnée plus haut.In general, it is best to use an adhesive to hold the cover over the part of the surface that needs to be protected. Thin sheets are commercially available in different materials (metal or metallized material or plastic) lined on one side with a layer of adhesive material. These sheets are well suited for carrying out the process of the invention. Alternatively, one can deposit oneself on a surface of the cover a sufficiently resistant adhesive, for example of the cyanoacrylate type. It should be taken into account that the thickness of the adhesive layer is part of the thickness value mentioned above.

D'autres moyens équivalents peuvent servir à faire tenir le cache sur la surface à protéger. Quand la pièce travaillée est poreuse (par example traversée par une mul­titude de petits trous) on peut faire tenir le cache par une dépression suffisante réalisée à travers cette pièce. Dans certaines circonstances, il est possible, principale­ment quand le cache est métallique, de le faire tenir sur la surface à protéger en le plaquant contre celle-ci à l'aide de moyens mécaniques de serrage et de maintien.Other equivalent means can be used to hold the cover on the surface to be protected. When the room worked is porous (for example crossed by a multitude of small holes) one can make hold the cover by a sufficient depression carried out through this part. In certain circumstances, it is possible, mainly when the cover is metallic, to make it hold on the surface to be protected by pressing it against it using mechanical clamping and holding means.

Des considérations économiques peuvent intervenir aussi dans le choix du cache. Quand on tient compte du prix, le cache préféré est un cache en matière plastique, généra­lement en polyester, couvert d'un adhésif sur une face et métallisé sur la face opposée, par une couche de chrome qui lui procure la résistance désirée à l'abrasion. On trouve dans le commerce un cache de ce type, vendu sous la dénomina­tion FASCAL, d'une épaisseur de 25 microns. Un tel cache en polyester métallisé à l'aide d'une couche de chrome convient parfaitement à l'application du procédé de l'inven­tion. Son bord qui limite la zone travaillée par brossage à traces visibles supporte, sans être détériorée, 400 à 500 passages du moyen abrasif utilisé, avec une force pressante manuelle de plusieurs daN.Economic considerations can also intervene in the choice of the cache. When the price is taken into account, the preferred cover is a plastic cover, generally made of polyester, covered with an adhesive on one side and metallized on the opposite side, with a layer of chrome which gives it the desired resistance to abrasion. There is commercially available a cover of this type, sold under the name FASCAL, with a thickness of 25 microns. Such a polyester metallized cover using a chromium layer is perfectly suitable for the application of the method of the invention. Its edge, which limits the area worked by brushing with visible traces, supports, without being damaged, 400 to 500 passages of the abrasive medium used, with a manual pressing force of several daN.

Le polissage à traces visibles s'effectue à l'aide de tout moyen convenable approprié à la nature de la matière travaillée. On peut employer des brosses métalliques ou des feuilles pour polissage vendues dans le commerce composée d'un support souple en papier, en tissu, en polyester, etc... sur une face duquel a été fixée une poudre abrasive en oxyde d'aluminium, en oxyde de zirconium, en mélange de ces deux oxydes, en carbone de silicium, ou une poudre d'émeri, de corindon, de diamant... On trouve aussi dans le commerce des tampons de polissage constitués par un bloc ou une feuille de matière souple analogue à une éponge portant sur une face une couche d'alumine ou de carbure de silicium, par example le produit de ce genre vendu sous l'appellation "scotch-brit" convient bien pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention.Polishing with visible traces is carried out using any suitable means appropriate to the nature of the material being worked. One can use metallic brushes or sheets for polishing sold on the trade composed of a flexible support in paper, fabric, polyester, etc ... on one face of which was fixed an abrasive powder in aluminum oxide, in zirconium oxide, a mixture of these two oxides, in carbon of silicon, or an emery powder, corundum, diamond ... We also find on the market polishing pads constituted by a block or a sheet of flexible material similar to a sponge carrying on one side a layer of alumina or silicon carbide, for example the product of this kind sold under the name "scotch-brit" is well suited for carrying out the process of invention.

Pour bien faire comprendre l'invention, on donnera maintenant des explications plus détaillées en se reportant au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en coupe à grande échel­le d'un cache qui adhère à une surface soumise au polissage selon le procédé de l'invention,
  • - la figure 2 est un graphique qui montre l'influ­ence de l'épaisseur du cache sur la largeur de la plage de séparation existante entre deux zones polies à traces visi­bles, la force exercée pendant le polissage ayant été infé­rieure à 1 daN,
  • - la figure 3 est un graphique analogue à celui de la figure 1, mais la force exercée pendant le polissage ayant été comprise entre 3 et 4 daN,
  • - la figure 4 est un exemple d'une surface traitée conformément au procédé de l'invention pour y faire appa­raître un motif décoratif,
  • - les figures 5 et 6 sont deux exemples supplémen­taires de l'application du procéde de l'invention.
To better understand the invention, we will now give more detailed explanations by referring to the attached drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a section view on a large scale of a cover which adheres to a surface subjected to polishing according to the method of the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a graph which shows the influence of the thickness of the cover on the width of the separation range existing between two polished areas with visible traces, the force exerted during the polishing having been less than 1 daN,
  • FIG. 3 is a graph similar to that of FIG. 1, but the force exerted during the polishing having been between 3 and 4 daN,
  • FIG. 4 is an example of a surface treated in accordance with the method of the invention to reveal a decorative pattern therein,
  • - Figures 5 and 6 are two additional examples of the application of the method of the invention.

La figure 1 montre une plaque métallique 1 qui a une surface 2 sur laquelle on veut réaliser un motif décora­tif en utilisant le procédé de l'invention. Pour protéger une zone 3 de la surface qui ne doit pas être modifiée au cours d'une opération, on couvre cette zone 3 à l'aide d'un cache 4 ayant une épaisseur totale e. Cette épaisseur e comprend l'épaisseur d'une couche d'adhésif 5, celle d'un support en polyester 6 et celle d'une couche de chrome 7. Cette dernière confère au cache 4 la résistance superficielle nécessaire à l'abrasion. Le cache 4 se termine par un bord 8 qui limite une zone travaillée 9 de la surface 2. On effectue le polissage à traits visibles parallèles de la zone travail­lée 9 à l'aide d'une feuille de "scotch-brit" 10 couverte sur une face d'une couche abrasive 11 d'oxyde d'aluminium.Figure 1 shows a metal plate 1 which has a surface 2 on which one wants to make a decorative pattern using the method of the invention. To protect an area 3 of the surface which must not be modified during an operation, this area 3 is covered with the aid of a cover 4 having a total thickness e. This thickness e comprises the thickness of a layer of adhesive 5, that of a polyester support 6 and that of a layer of chromium 7. The latter gives the cover 4 the surface resistance necessary for abrasion. The cover 4 ends with an edge 8 which limits a worked area 9 of the surface 2. The polishing with parallel visible lines of the worked area 9 is carried out using a sheet of "scotch-brit" 10 covered on one face of an abrasive layer 11 of aluminum oxide.

On donne à la zone travaillée 9 l'apparence dési­rée en appuyant la feuille abrasive 10 contre la surface 2 comme indiqué par une flèche F1 et en la déplaçant alter­nativement dans des sens opposés indiqués par une flèche double F2 ; ces mouvements alternés peuvent être au nombre de 20 à 30 par exemple. Pendant leur exécution la feuille abrasive 10 franchit le bord 8 du cache 4 et "monte" sur ce dernier. Le bord 8 et la face supérieure du cache 4 doi­vent résister sans altération à l'abrasion jusqu'à la fin de ces mouvements alternés. Ces derniers font apparaitre des traces de rayures parallèles dans la zone découverte travaillée 9 de la surface 2.The worked area 9 is given the desired appearance by pressing the abrasive sheet 10 against the surface 2 as indicated by an arrow F1 and alternately moving it in opposite directions indicated by a double arrow F2; these alternating movements can be 20 to 30 for example. During their execution the abrasive sheet 10 crosses the edge 8 of the cover 4 and "rises" on the latter. The edge 8 and the upper face of the cover 4 must resist abrasion without alteration until the end of these alternating movements. The latter reveal traces of parallel scratches in the worked open area 9 of the surface 2.

Du fait de l'épaisseur du cache 4 quand la feuille abrasive 10 "monte" sur ce dernier en franchissant le bord 8, la couche abrasive 11 quitte le contact de la surface 2 avant d'avoir atteint le bord 8. Il existe donc le long du bord 8 du cache 4 une plage 12 non travaillée, conservant l'apparence initiale de la surface 2. Cette plage 12 a une largeur ℓ dont la valeur dépend principalement de l'épais­seur du cache 4 et secondairement de la force exercée sur la feuille abrasive 10 dans le sens de la flèche F1.Due to the thickness of the cover 4 when the abrasive sheet 10 "rises" on the latter by crossing the edge 8, the abrasive layer 11 leaves the contact of the surface 2 before reaching the edge 8. There is therefore the along the edge 8 of the cover 4 an unworked area 12, retaining the initial appearance of the surface 2. This area 12 has a width ℓ whose value mainly depends on the thickness of the cover 4 and secondarily on the force exerted on the abrasive sheet 10 in the direction of arrow F1.

Les graphiques 2 et 3 montrent plus exactement l'in­fluence sur la largeur ℓ d'une part de l'épaisseur totale e du cache 4, d'autre part de la force F1. Sur ces deux graphiques l'épaisseur e est indiquée en abcisses en microns et la largeur ℓ en ordonnées en mm.Graphs 2 and 3 show more precisely the influence on the width ℓ on the one hand of the total thickness e of the cover 4, on the other hand of the force F1. On these two graphs the thickness e is indicated in abscissa in microns and the width ℓ in ordinate in mm.

La figure 2 se rapporte au cas où la force F1 a une valeur ne dépassant pas 1 daN. Avec des épaisseurs du cache 4 de 25 à 40 microns la largeur ℓ de la plage 12 est nettement inférieure à 0,1 et indiscernable à l'oeil nu. Avec une épaisseur de 40 microns du cache 4, la plage 12 a une largeur ℓ qui dépasse à peine 0,15mm : elle commence à pouvoir être distinguée à l'oeil nu mais elle est encore peu discernable surtout avec un recul de quelques mètres. A mesure que l'épaisseur du cache 4 augmente la largeurℓ devient de plus en plus nettement visible pour atteindre 0,4 mm à une épaisseur de 55 microns ; 0,9 mm à une épais­ seur de 60 microns ; 1 mm à une épaisseur de 75 microns ; 1,3 mm à une épaisseur de 100 microns.Figure 2 relates to the case where the force F1 has a value not exceeding 1 daN. With thicknesses of the cover 4 of 25 to 40 microns, the width ℓ of the area 12 is clearly less than 0.1 and indistinguishable from the naked eye. With a thickness of 40 microns from the cover 4, the range 12 has a width ℓ which barely exceeds 0.15 mm: it is starting to be able to be distinguished with the naked eye but it is still not very discernible, especially with a distance of a few meters. As the thickness of the cover 4 increases, the width ℓ becomes more and more clearly visible, reaching 0.4 mm at a thickness of 55 microns; 0.9 mm at a thick 60 micron sor; 1 mm at a thickness of 75 microns; 1.3 mm at a thickness of 100 microns.

Le graphique de la figure 3 est analogue à celui de la figure 2 mais la force d'appui en sens F1 de la feuille abrasive 10 était de 3 à 4 daN.The graph in FIG. 3 is similar to that in FIG. 2 but the pressing force in direction F1 of the abrasive sheet 10 was 3 to 4 daN.

L'accroissement de la force a pour effet de réduire la largeur ℓ de la plage 12. Avec une épaisseur de 40 mi­crons la largeur ℓ ne dépasse pas 0,1 mm ; les valeurs maxi­males suivantes ont été trouvées : épaisseur e en microns Largeur ℓ en mm 50 0,3 55 0,4 60 0,8 75 0,9 100 1,1 The increase in force has the effect of reducing the width ℓ of the range 12. With a thickness of 40 microns the width ℓ does not exceed 0.1 mm; the following maximum values were found: thickness e in microns Width ℓ in mm 50 0.3 55 0.4 60 0.8 75 0.9 100 1.1

En pratique, on observe que les points précis d'interruption des traces parallèles à proximité du bord 8 du cache 4 ne se trouvent pas sur une ligne exactement paral­lèle à ce bord 8. La valeur de la largeur ℓ fluctue donc dans une bande de valeurs comme les graphiques le montrent. Il doit être entendu aussi que les mesures faites sont forcément imprécises et que les chiffres indiqués représen­tent plutôt des ordres de grandeur. Néanmoins il ressort clairement des figures 2 et 3 que l'épaisseur de 40 microns du cache 4 est une limite en-dessous de laquelle on ne dis­tingue pas de plage de séparation entre deux zones 9 travail­lées dans des directions différentes et au-dessus de laquelle une plage de séparation commence à être visible. On peut donc choisir soit de ne pas faire apparaître, soit de faire apparaître une telle plage de séparation plus ou moins large en choisissant l'épaisseur du cache 4. Plusieurs caches iden­tiques superposés permettent d'obtenir facilement des épais­seurs multiples d'une épaisseur minimale.In practice, it is observed that the precise points of interruption of the parallel traces near the edge 8 of the cover 4 are not on a line exactly parallel to this edge 8. The value of the width ℓ therefore fluctuates in a band of values as the graphs show. It should also be understood that the measurements made are necessarily imprecise and that the figures indicated represent orders of magnitude rather. However, it is clear from FIGS. 2 and 3 that the thickness of 40 microns of the cover 4 is a limit below which there is no distinction of the separation range between two zones 9 worked in different directions and above which a separation range begins to be visible. We can therefore choose either not to show or to show such a more or less wide separation range by choosing the thickness of the cover 4. Several identical overlapping covers make it possible to easily obtain multiple thicknesses of a minimum thickness .

Les figures 4 à 6 montrent des exemples de mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention. Sur la figure 4 la sur­face 2′ d'un bloc de matière présente six zones A, B, C, D, E, F sur lesquelles ont été réalisées des traces visi­bles parallèles dans des directions différentes entre des zones adjacentes, par protection successivement à l'aide de caches 4 de 25 microns d'épaisseur. Aucune plage de séparation n'apparait entre deux zones voisines A et E, A et B, par exemple, aux extrémités des traces visibles de ces zones. Il est possible de réaliser des traces croisées comme on le voit sur la plage F. La figure 5 montre que la surface 2˝ peut se trouver dans un état initial, par exemple un état poli ou un état mat, sans traces visibles, que l'on peut conserver en dehors des plages où sont réalisées des traces visibles. La figure 6 montre que les traces visibles parallèles ne sont pas nécessairement rectilignes mais qu'elles peuvent être incurvées comme sur les zones G, H, I. En outre, les traces visibles, rectilignes ou incurvées, ne sont pas obligatoirement parallèles ; elles peuvent être concourantes comme sur la zone K. Ce dernier résultat s'obtient moins facilement, il peut nécessiter l'emploi successivement d'un plus grand nombre de caches 4.Figures 4 to 6 show examples of implementation work of the process of the invention. In FIG. 4, the surface 2 ′ of a block of material has six zones A, B, C, D, E, F on which parallel visible traces have been made in different directions between adjacent zones, by protection successively at using covers 4 25 microns thick. No separation range appears between two neighboring zones A and E, A and B, for example, at the ends of the visible traces of these zones. It is possible to make crossed traces as can be seen on track F. FIG. 5 shows that the surface 2˝ can be in an initial state, for example a polished state or a dull state, without visible traces, than the 'we can keep outside the ranges where visible traces are made. FIG. 6 shows that the parallel visible traces are not necessarily rectilinear but that they can be curved as in the zones G, H, I. In addition, the visible traces, rectilinear or curved, are not necessarily parallel; they can be concurrent as in zone K. This last result is obtained less easily, it may require the successive use of a greater number of caches 4.

Claims (8)

1. Surface polie portant des traces visibles de polissage en des zones adjacentes (A,B,C,D,E,F,) dans au moins une direction générale dans chaque zone et dans des directions générales différentes dans les différentes zones caractérisée en ce que certaines au moins desdites zones (A à F) sont directement adjacentes sans plage de séparation perceptible entre elles.1. Polished surface carrying visible traces of polishing in adjacent zones (A, B, C, D, E, F,) in at least one general direction in each zone and in different general directions in the different zones characterized in that that at least some of said zones (A to F) are directly adjacent without a perceptible separation range between them. 2. Procédé pour le polissage à l'aide d'un cache d'une surface (2) pour y faire apparaître des zones polies (A à F) de grandeurs et de configurations quelconques déter­minées adjacentes dans lesquelles les traces visibles de polissage ont au moins une direction générale déterminée dans chaque zone et des directions générales différentes entre les zones voisines, caractérisé en ce qu'on protège les zones de ladite surface autres qu'une zone travaillée à l'aide d'un cache (4) appliqué contre la surface (2) et résistant à l'abrasion ayant une épaisseur (e) choisie à une valeur allant jusqu'à 40 microns, puis on exécute l'opération de polissage à traces visibles de la zone travaillée, de sorte que des zones adjacentes sont directement en contact sans plage de séparation discernable entre elles.2. Method for polishing using a cover of a surface (2) to reveal therein polished zones (A to F) of sizes and any given adjacent configurations in which the visible traces of polishing have at minus a general direction determined in each zone and different general directions between the neighboring zones, characterized in that the zones of said surface are protected other than a zone worked with the aid of a cover (4) applied against the abrasion-resistant surface (2) having a thickness (e) chosen up to a value of up to 40 microns, then the polishing operation is carried out with visible traces of the worked area, so that adjacent areas are directly in contact with no discernible separation range between them. 3. Procédé pour le polissage à traces visibles d'une surface (2, 2′) ayant un état initial, pour y faire apparaî­tre des zones polies (A à F) de grandeurs et de configura­tions quelconques déterminées adjacentes dans lesquelles les traces visibles de polissage ont au moins une direction générale déterminée dans chaque zone et des directions géné­rales différentes entre les zones voisines, caractérisé en ce qu'on protège les zones de ladite surface autres qu'une zone travaillée à l'aide d'un cache (4) appliqué contre la surface (2, 2′) et résistant à l'abrasion ayant une épaisseur (e) choisie soit à une valeur allant jusqu'à 40 microns, soit à une valeur supérieure à 40 microns, puis on exécute l'opération de polissage à traces visibles de la zone travail­ lée, de sorte qu'on obtient respectivement soit des zones adjacentes directement en contact sans plage de séparation discernable entre elles, soit des zones adjacentes séparées par une plage de séparation discernable de largeur prédé­terminée où la surface (2) conserve son état initial.3. Method for polishing with visible traces of a surface (2, 2 ′) having an initial state, in order to reveal therein polished zones (A to F) of sizes and of any given determined adjacent configurations in which the visible traces of polishing have at least one general direction determined in each zone and different general directions between the neighboring zones, characterized in that the zones of said surface are protected other than a zone worked with the aid of a cover (4) applied against the surface (2, 2 ′) and resistant to abrasion having a thickness (e) chosen either at a value of up to 40 microns, or at a value greater than 40 microns, then the operation of polishing with visible traces of the work area lée, so that one obtains respectively adjacent areas directly in contact without discernible separation range therebetween, or adjacent areas separated by a discernable separation range of predetermined width where the surface (2) retains its initial state. 4. Procédé pour l'exécution d'une opération de polis­sage à traces visibles sur différentes zones limitées adjacentes (A à F) d'une surface (2, 2′) ayant des dimen­sions plus grandes que celles de chacune desdites zones et ayant un état initial, caractérisé en ce qu'on couvre ladite surface (2,2′) en dehors d'une première zone (A) d'un cache (4) ayant une épaisseur qui est au plus de 40 microns, on fait adhérer ce cache (4) à la surface (2) à l'aide d'un moyen convenable, on polit ladite première zone (A) en y faisant apparaître des traces visibles ayant une première direction générale, on retire le cache (4), on couvre ensuite cette première zone polie (A) et une partie de la surface (2) en laissant dégagée une deuxième zone (B) adjacente à la premiè­re zone (A), on polit cette deuxième zone (B) en y faisant apparaître des traces visibles ayant une deuxième direction générale, on répète ces opérations autant de fois que l'on veut obtenir sur ladite surface (2) des zones polies à traces visibles à directions générales différentes entre lesquelles il n'existe pas de plage de séparation perceptible à l'oeil entre des plages adjacentes.4. Method for performing a polishing operation with visible traces on different adjacent limited areas (A to F) of a surface (2, 2 ′) having dimensions larger than those of each of said areas and having a initial state, characterized in that said surface (2,2 ′) is covered outside a first zone (A) of a cover (4) having a thickness which is at most 40 microns, this cover (4) on the surface (2) using a suitable means, said first zone (A) is polished by showing visible traces therein having a first general direction, the cover (4) is removed, then cover this first polished zone (A) and part of the surface (2) leaving a second zone (B) adjacent to the first zone (A) clear, we polish this second zone (B) by showing traces therein visible having a second general direction, we repeat these operations as many times as we want to obtain on the adite surface (2) of polished areas with visible traces in different general directions between which there is no separation range perceptible to the eye between adjacent ranges. 5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendica­tions 2 à 4 caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise pour faire adhérer le cache (4) à la surface (2) l'un des moyens sui­vants : adhésif, attraction magnétique, dépression, serrage mécanique.5. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4 characterized in that one uses to adhere the cover (4) to the surface (2) one of the following means: adhesive, magnetic attraction, vacuum, tightening mechanical. 6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendica­tions 2 à 4 caractérisé en ce que l'on emploie pour exécuter le polissage à traces visibles sur les zones (A à F) l'un des moyens suivants : brosse métallique, support souple ayant une face garnie d'une poudre abrasive.6. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4 characterized in that one uses to perform the polishing with visible traces on the areas (A to F) one of the following means: wire brush, flexible support having a face filled with an abrasive powder. 7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendica­tions 2 à 4 caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme cache (4) une feuille en polyester ayant une face couverte d'une couche de matière adhésive et la face opposée couverte d'une couche d'un métal dur résistant à l'abrasion, l'épaisseur totale de cette feuille étant de 25 microns.7. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4 characterized in that one uses as cover (4) a polyester sheet having one side covered with a layer of adhesive material and the opposite side covered with a layer of an abrasion-resistant hard metal, the total thickness of this sheet being 25 microns. 8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4 caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise pour exécuter le polissage à traces visibles une feuille en matière spongieuse ayant une face principale couverte d'une couche abrasive en oxyde d'aluminium.8. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4 characterized in that one uses to perform the polishing with visible traces a sheet of spongy material having a main face covered with an abrasive layer of aluminum oxide.
EP89400014A 1987-07-08 1989-01-03 Method for the superficial finishing treatment of materials capable of being polished Expired - Lifetime EP0377344B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89400014T ATE90255T1 (en) 1989-01-03 1989-01-03 SURFACE FINISHING PROCESSES FOR POLISHABLE MATERIALS.
DE1989607041 DE68907041T2 (en) 1989-01-03 1989-01-03 Process for surface finishing of polishable materials.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8709693A FR2617749B1 (en) 1987-07-08 1987-07-08 PROCESS FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF FINISHING OF POLISHING SUBSTANCES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0377344A1 true EP0377344A1 (en) 1990-07-11
EP0377344B1 EP0377344B1 (en) 1993-06-09

Family

ID=9352994

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89400014A Expired - Lifetime EP0377344B1 (en) 1987-07-08 1989-01-03 Method for the superficial finishing treatment of materials capable of being polished

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5101603A (en)
EP (1) EP0377344B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2043046T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2617749B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5343657A (en) * 1992-09-18 1994-09-06 Venture Tape Corporation Method and apparatus for masking removable optical lens markings during lens grinding
US5776408A (en) * 1996-08-23 1998-07-07 Eastman Kodak Company Method of engraving green ceramic articles
US20060225225A1 (en) * 2005-03-17 2006-10-12 Brian Bushell Method and apparatus for altering the appearance of fabric
ITBO20100329A1 (en) * 2010-05-26 2011-11-27 Alimonte Carlo D MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE.
WO2012082269A1 (en) * 2010-11-18 2012-06-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Methods for imparting an image to a surface and kits for use therewith
DE102011076410A1 (en) * 2011-05-24 2012-11-29 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG machine element
US20150017478A1 (en) * 2013-07-12 2015-01-15 Chiu-Hsiang Tsai Method of surface treatment on metal object and metal object with gradual patterns

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191000487A (en) * 1900-01-01
US1431917A (en) * 1920-09-11 1922-10-17 Hrant G Antaramian Ornamenting process and apparatus
US2875543A (en) * 1957-09-04 1959-03-03 L E Carpenter & Company Inc Surface ornamentation of flexible sheet materials and method of making tools for producing such ornamentation

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1354471A (en) * 1920-10-05 Colobsb besie
US734135A (en) * 1903-05-22 1903-07-21 Albert B Porter Decorated surface.
JPS6067060A (en) * 1983-09-22 1985-04-17 Bikou Giken:Kk Formation of decoration grinding pattern onto stainless steel plate

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191000487A (en) * 1900-01-01
US1431917A (en) * 1920-09-11 1922-10-17 Hrant G Antaramian Ornamenting process and apparatus
US2875543A (en) * 1957-09-04 1959-03-03 L E Carpenter & Company Inc Surface ornamentation of flexible sheet materials and method of making tools for producing such ornamentation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 9, no. 206 (M-406)[1929], 23 août 1985; & JP-A-60 067 060 (BIKOU GIKEN K.K.) 17-04-1985 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2043046T3 (en) 1993-12-16
FR2617749A1 (en) 1989-01-13
EP0377344B1 (en) 1993-06-09
FR2617749B1 (en) 1991-10-04
US5101603A (en) 1992-04-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI356449B (en) Cmp pad conditioners and associated methods
EP0377344B1 (en) Method for the superficial finishing treatment of materials capable of being polished
TW574087B (en) Abrasive article comprising a structured diamond-like carbon coating and method of using same to mechanically treat a substrate
FR2522691A1 (en)
EP1138221A1 (en) File, particularly nail file
IL177846A (en) Sanding element
JP3679882B2 (en) Polishing cloth dresser and manufacturing method thereof
US5008513A (en) Shaping of bonded abrasive products
JP4905238B2 (en) Polishing method of glass substrate for magnetic recording medium
JP4476371B2 (en) Decorative elements, especially those that form part of a watch
EP1984147A1 (en) Method of satinizing a hard material
JPH0662914A (en) Diamond ornament and its production
JP2898142B2 (en) Regeneration method of molding die
JP7223393B2 (en) Plate-like cleaner and how to use the plate-like cleaner
CH619887A5 (en)
KR200288442Y1 (en) Nail file
US6986208B1 (en) Blade with microscopic ceramic cutting plates
KR102005565B1 (en) Grinding and polishing apparatus and manufacturing mehtod for the same
EP0526262B1 (en) Method for polishing microelectronic components
JP3615134B2 (en) Abrasive
EP0437587A1 (en) Process for drawing on a metal surface by material deposition
JP2002302791A5 (en)
KR950005234A (en) Method of manufacturing pearls using abalone shell
JPH078318A (en) Nail and horny layer scraper
UA134840U (en) METHOD OF ADHESIVE-ACTIVE EDITING OF DIAMOND GRINDING WHEELS

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19890105

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19910919

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19930609

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 90255

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19930615

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 68907041

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19930715

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19930914

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: FG4A

Free format text: 3008915

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2043046

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940103

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19940103

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19940104

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19940104

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19940131

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19940131

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19940131

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19940131

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: SEVILLA JOSEPH

Effective date: 19940131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19940801

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940103

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19941001

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GR

Ref legal event code: MM2A

Free format text: 3008915

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 89400014.0

Effective date: 19940810

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 19990301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050103