EP0377307A1 - Powdered high speed tool steel - Google Patents
Powdered high speed tool steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0377307A1 EP0377307A1 EP89313418A EP89313418A EP0377307A1 EP 0377307 A1 EP0377307 A1 EP 0377307A1 EP 89313418 A EP89313418 A EP 89313418A EP 89313418 A EP89313418 A EP 89313418A EP 0377307 A1 EP0377307 A1 EP 0377307A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- high speed
- steel
- speed tool
- carbide particles
- tool steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
Definitions
- Both the elements are used as the deoxidation agent, and the upper limits are determined from the view point of giving no unfavorable influence to the toughness.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is a powdered high speed tool steel of good wear resistance and toughness.
The powdered high speed tool steel have the alloy composition essentially consisting of 1.2 - 4.5 % of C, up to 3.0 % of Si, up to 3.0 % of Mn, 3.0 - 6.0 % of Cr, 15.0 - 60.0 % of W (up to 30.0 % thereof may be replaced by Mo), 1.0 - 15.0 % of V and up to 20.0 % of Co, and the balance substantially of Fe, and the carbide particles in the steel is relatively large, and those having Heywood diameters 1 micron or more share at least 10 volume % of the whole carbide particles.
Description
- The present invention concerns improvement in a powdered high speed tool steel, and provides high speed tools having both good wear resistance and toughness.
- Powdered high speed tool steels have advantages, when compared with melted materials, that fine carbide particles precipitate therein uniformly without segregation, and hence, the steels have higher toughness and that it is possible to improve the wear resistance by high-alloying.
- Nevertheless, our experience shows that, in the practical use of the powdered high speed tool steels, it is rather rare to get the results better than those of the melted materials with lower degree of alloying, and thus, substantially little benefits which principally reside in the powder metallurgy have been obtained.
- We have made research on the powdered high speed tool steel containing tangusten and molybdenum in addition to chromium to realize the material having both the processability to the tools and the cutting performance as the tools, and as the results, we have found that our desire can be realized by a particular alloy composition containing large quantities of vanadium and cobalt, and disclosed. (Japanese patent disclosure Hei 1-119645)
- As the results of further study on the powdered high speed tool steel of the above kind, we discovered that not only the alloy composition but also the size and quantity of the carbide particles therein greatly infulence the performance of the tools.
- The object of the present invention is, on the basis of this discovery, to provide a powdered high speed tool steel having both the high toughness and the wear resistance by controlling the sizes and quantities of the carbide particles.
- The powdered high speed tool steel of the present invention having good toughness and wear resistnace is characterized in that it comprises the powder of the steel consisting essentially of 1.2 - 4.5 % of C, up to 3.0 % of Si, up to 3.0 % of Mn, 3.0 - 6.0 % of Cr, 15.0 - 60.0 % of W, 1.0 - 15.0 % of V and up to 20.0 % of Co, and the balance substantially of Fe, and that, among the carbide particles in the steel, those of large sizes having Heywood diameters "D" of 1 micrometer or larger share at least 10 volume % of whole the carbide particles.
- The "Heywood diameters, D" means, as understood from the term itself, a value determined by measuring the area "A" of the cross section of the carbide particles (preferably, by a measuring means of a high performance such as a scanning electromicroscope), and calculated by the formula D=2√
A/π . - In the above alloy composition, it is permissible to add up to 30.0 % of Mo, in addition to the W, or in replacing a portion of the W, provided that the addition amount of W should be, when W + 2Mo = Weq, such amount that Weq is in the range of 15.0 - 60.0 %. Also, in this case, it is preferable to chose the ratio of W to Mo which makes 2Mo/Weq not higher than 0.45.
- Because the powdered high speed tool steel is produced by spraying the molten metal with a gas or water to rapidly cool the sprayed drops, and sintering thus obtained powder by means of, e.g., HIP, the precipitated carbide particles are generally fine and distributed uniformly. It has been considered that the wear resistance of the tool is high when the carbide particles in the powdered steel are somewhat large and, on the other hand, that the toughness of the tool is high when the carbide particles are fine.
- However, according to our research on the relation between the sizes and quantities of the carbides and the life of various tools such as cutting tools and rolls, it was found that, contrarily to the prior common understanding, existence of relatively large carbide particles in an appropreate amount is favorable not only for the wear resistance but also the toughness. Namely, as noted above, relatively large carbide particles having Heywood diameters of 1 micrometer or higher should share 10 vol % or more of whole the carbide particles.
- The sizes of the carbide particles can be, as is well known, increased by soaking treatment of the powdered high speed tool steel at a high temperature for some period of time. The relatively large carbide particles may be sufficient if they are 10 volume % or more, at highest, 20 - 30 volume %, and at the contents exceeding this level the effect saturates. Over soaking cuses formation of huge carbide particles resulting in decreased toughness, and therefore, it should not be done. Suitable heating conditions may be found in the ranges of 1150 - 1250oC and 2 - 10 hours.
- The alloy composition of the present invention was, as would be seen from the above explanation, determined in view of the discovery made at the achievement of the already disclosed invention, but a brief explanation is given below.
- For the purpose of forming a large amount of carbide to realize the high wear resistance, 1.2 % or more of C is to be contained. Because the toughness of this powdered steel is high, the upper limit of the C-content may be high, but cannot exceed 4.5 %.
- Both the elements are used as the deoxidation agent, and the upper limits are determined from the view point of giving no unfavorable influence to the toughness.
- All the above elements form carbides and give toughness to the steel. The lower limits of Cr and W are those necessary for ensuring the amounts of the carbides. On the other hand, too much addition thereof may not be accompanied by expected effects, and the decrease of the toughness will be unbearable. The upper limits are thus determined. V further contributes to the toughness because it makes the crystal grains fine. To obtain this effect, the lower limit of the content, 1.0 %, is given. Co further increases the heat resistance of the tool.
- Mo exhibits nearly the same effect as W, but the extent of the influence on the wear resistance and the toughness is about half of that of W, and therefore, the formula, W + 2Mo = Weq was given. The purpose of adding relatively large amount of W to Mo is to obtain a sufficient hardness of quenching-tempering (in terms of HRC, 66 - 67 or higher), and to maintain the anti-breaking strength high (260 kgf/mm2).
- The powdered high speed tool steel of the present invention can give tools having both the good wear resistance and the high toughness by chosing a particular alloy composition and controlling the sizes and quantities of the carbide particles therein. To date, usually, in case of producing high speed tool steel by powder metallurgy, sufficient merits of combination of the high alloy composition and the powder metallurgy technology has not been obtained, and the products of the conventional art are not so different to those made of the melted materials. The present invention solved this problem.
- Steels of the compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared in the molten state and atomized by gas spraying. The obtained powder was sintered by HIP process to have the densities near 100 %, and the sintered bodies were forged, and then annealed by being heated to 870oC for 1 hour and subsequent slow cooling. For the steels of each compositions, some of the samples were subjected to soaking in accordance with the present invention after the HIP process or in the process of the forging to adjust the size of the carbide particles therein, but the remaining samples were used as they are for the purpose of comparison.
- The sizes of the carbide particles in the forged sample of the annealed state were measured. Conditions of the soaking and the percentages of the relatively large carbide particles are shown in Table 2.
- Then, the samples were subjected to quenching-anneling, and the HT hardness and bend fracture strength were measured. The wear resistance was also determined. The wear resistance test was conducted in accordance with Ohgoshi method for accellated abrasion test under the conditions below:
Mating material: SCM 415 (as annealed)
Turning distance: 200 m
Turning speed: 2.93m/sec
Weight: 6.3 kgf - Evaluation of the wear resistance is expressed by relative coefficients to the comparative examples in which the coefficient is 100.
- Data of the conditions of quenching-annealing, HT-hardness, anti-breaking strength and the wear resistance are shown in Table 3.
Table 1 Steel C Si Mn Cr Mo W V Co Weq 2Mo/Weq A 2.72 2.27 0.32 5.96 - 35.55 6.95 15.2 35.5 - B 1.22 0.59 0.61 4.52 3.43 9.86 3.00 5.11 16.7 0.41 C 1.92 0.42 0.37 4.13 2.73 19.36 5.07 10.8 24.8 0.22 D 2.10 0.15 2.32 3.22 10.89 35.54 1.25 2.11 57.3 0.38 E 3.24 1.28 0.18 5.15 1.33 17.78 12.31 18.53 20.4 0.13 F 2.20 0.61 0.45 4.33 7.61 9.22 5.41 8.95 24.4 0.62 Table 2 No. Example Steel Soaking Large Carbide Particles (volume %) 1 Invention A 1220oC · 5 hrs. 30.2 2 Invention A 1190oC · 5 hrs. 17.3 3 Control A none 4.1 4 Invention B 1180oC · 5 hrs. 11.3 5 Control B none 5.8 6 Invention C 1200oC · 5 hrs. 25.5 7 Invention C 1180oC · 5 hrs. 13.7 8 Control C none 8.2 9 Invention D 1180oC · 5 hrs. 10.6 10 Control D none 3.8 11 Invention E 1200oC · 5 hrs. 18.8 12 Control E none 7.2 13 Invention F 1200oC · 5 hrs. 26.1 14 Control F none 8.8 
Claims (3)
1. A powdered high speed tool steel having good wear resistance and toughness, characterized in that the powder of the steel essentially consisting of 1.2 - 4.5 % of C, up to 3.0 % of Si, up to 3.0 % of Mn, 3.0 - 6.0 % of Cr, 15.0 - 60.0 % of W, 1.0 - 15.0 % of V and up to 20.0 % of Co, and the balance substantially of Fe, and that, among the carbide particles in the steel, those having Heywood diameters not smaller than 1 micron share at least 10 volume %.
2. A powdered high speed tool steel having good wear resistance and toughness, characterized in that the powder of the steel essentially consisting 1.2 - 4.5 % of C, up to 3.0 % of Si, up to 3.0 % of Mn, 3.0 - 6.0 % of Cr, 15.0 - 60.0 % of W, up to 30.0 % of Mo, 1.0 - 15.0 % of V and up to 20.0 % of Co, provided that the quantities of W and Mo and, when W + 2mo = Weq, in the range of Weq: 15.0 - 60.0 %, and the balance substantially of Fe, and that, among the carbide particles in the steel, those having Heywood diameters not smaller than 1 micron share at least 10 volume %.
3. A powdered high speed tool steel according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of Mo to W, 2Mo/W, is not higher than 2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT89313418T ATE103993T1 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1989-12-21 | HIGH-SPEED STEEL POWDER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63330077A JP2725333B2 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1988-12-27 | Powder high speed tool steel |
| JP330077/88 | 1988-12-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0377307A1 true EP0377307A1 (en) | 1990-07-11 |
| EP0377307B1 EP0377307B1 (en) | 1994-04-06 |
Family
ID=18228524
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89313418A Expired - Lifetime EP0377307B1 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1989-12-21 | Powdered high speed tool steel |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0377307B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2725333B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE103993T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68914429T2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0483668A1 (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-05-06 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | High speed tool steel produced by sintering powder and method of producing same |
| WO1993002821A1 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-18 | Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag | High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
| WO1993002820A1 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-18 | Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag | High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
| FR2751349A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-23 | Thyssen France Sa | High speed steel for cutting tools used in aviation and armaments industry |
| WO1998003692A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-29 | Thyssen France S.A. | High-speed steel |
| US6057045A (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2000-05-02 | Crucible Materials Corporation | High-speed steel article |
| WO2001091962A1 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-06 | Machner & Saurer Gmbh | Composite tool |
| US11725264B2 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2023-08-15 | Vbn Components Ab | High hardness 3D printed steel product |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2775614B2 (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1998-07-16 | 株式会社クボタ | High speed steel based sintered alloy |
| JP6096040B2 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2017-03-15 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Powdered high-speed tool steel with excellent high-temperature tempering hardness |
| JP6345945B2 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2018-06-20 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Powdered high-speed tool steel with excellent wear resistance and method for producing the same |
| MX2017006100A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-09-19 | Uddeholms Ab | A wear resistant alloy. |
| JP7396256B2 (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-12-12 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Roll outer layer material and composite roll for rolling |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4032302A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1977-06-28 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Carbide enriched high speed tool steel |
| DE2851100A1 (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-01-03 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | WEAR-RESISTANT SINTER ALLOY |
| EP0076326A1 (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1983-04-13 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Sintered, high-v, high-speed steel and process for its production |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0674486B2 (en) * | 1987-08-18 | 1994-09-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | High hardness sintered high speed steel ingot with excellent hot workability |
| JPH01152242A (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-06-14 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | High-toughness and high-speed steel by powder metallurgy |
-
1988
- 1988-12-27 JP JP63330077A patent/JP2725333B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-12-21 DE DE68914429T patent/DE68914429T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-12-21 AT AT89313418T patent/ATE103993T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-12-21 EP EP89313418A patent/EP0377307B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4032302A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1977-06-28 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Carbide enriched high speed tool steel |
| DE2851100A1 (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-01-03 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | WEAR-RESISTANT SINTER ALLOY |
| EP0076326A1 (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1983-04-13 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Sintered, high-v, high-speed steel and process for its production |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 4, no. 73 (C-012), 28th May 1980; & JP-A-55 038 938 (MITSUBISHI METAL CORP.) 18-03-1980 * |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0483668A1 (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-05-06 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | High speed tool steel produced by sintering powder and method of producing same |
| US5252119A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1993-10-12 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | High speed tool steel produced by sintering powder and method of producing same |
| WO1993002821A1 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-18 | Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag | High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
| WO1993002820A1 (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-18 | Kloster Speedsteel Aktiebolag | High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
| US5525140A (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1996-06-11 | Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag | High speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
| US5578773A (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1996-11-26 | Erasteel Kloster Aktiebolag | High-speed steel manufactured by powder metallurgy |
| FR2751349A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-23 | Thyssen France Sa | High speed steel for cutting tools used in aviation and armaments industry |
| WO1998003692A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-29 | Thyssen France S.A. | High-speed steel |
| US5969277A (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1999-10-19 | Thyssen France Sa | Steel for shaping tools |
| US6057045A (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2000-05-02 | Crucible Materials Corporation | High-speed steel article |
| CZ297201B6 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2006-09-13 | Crucible Materials Corporation | High-speed steel product made of powder metallurgy |
| WO2001091962A1 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-06 | Machner & Saurer Gmbh | Composite tool |
| US6861161B2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2005-03-01 | Machner & Saurer Gmbh | Composite tool |
| US11725264B2 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2023-08-15 | Vbn Components Ab | High hardness 3D printed steel product |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2725333B2 (en) | 1998-03-11 |
| DE68914429D1 (en) | 1994-05-11 |
| JPH02175846A (en) | 1990-07-09 |
| ATE103993T1 (en) | 1994-04-15 |
| DE68914429T2 (en) | 1994-07-28 |
| EP0377307B1 (en) | 1994-04-06 |
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