EP0373913B1 - Kiel - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0373913B1
EP0373913B1 EP89313029A EP89313029A EP0373913B1 EP 0373913 B1 EP0373913 B1 EP 0373913B1 EP 89313029 A EP89313029 A EP 89313029A EP 89313029 A EP89313029 A EP 89313029A EP 0373913 B1 EP0373913 B1 EP 0373913B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrofoil
vessel
force
drive means
exerts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89313029A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0373913A1 (de
Inventor
Peter B. Jeffreys
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0373913A1 publication Critical patent/EP0373913A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0373913B1 publication Critical patent/EP0373913B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
    • B63B1/28—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils
    • B63B1/285—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils changing the angle of attack or the lift of the foil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B41/00—Drop keels, e.g. centre boards or side boards ; Collapsible keels, or the like, e.g. telescopically; Longitudinally split hinged keels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B2035/009—Wind propelled vessels comprising arrangements, installations or devices specially adapted therefor, other than wind propulsion arrangements, installations, or devices, such as sails, running rigging, or the like, and other than sailboards or the like or related equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/06—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water
    • B63B2039/065—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by using foils acting on ambient water the foils being pivotal about an axis substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sailing vessels, and is particularly concerned with an improved keel apparatus for use in such vessels to reduce leeway and operable to provide a righting moment to counteract capsizing moments caused by lateral forces on the rigging.
  • the keel apparatus may also be used to reduce the displacement of the vessel, thus reducing wavemaking resistance.
  • sailing vessels have been provided with keels or leeboards to counteract leeway, the keel being ballasted to provide a righting moment when the vessel is heeled.
  • the vessel moves forward in the water with a yaw angle giving the keel an "incidence" angle so that it acts as a hydrofoil surface giving lift directed laterally of the vessel.
  • this action of the keel also produces drag.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an apparatus which, when fitted to a vessel, can exert a lateral force and/or a rolling moment on the vessel as it moves forward through the water, or can be arranged to provide a vertically upward force to reduce the vessel's displacement.
  • a keel arrangement for simultaneously countering leeway and heeling in a sailing vessel or for reducing the displacement of the vessel provided with at least two hydrofoil surfaces spaced symmetrically from the vessel's centreline and mounted for rotation about axes extending parallel thereto, each hydrofoil surface being capable of exerting a hydrodynamic force directed perpendicularly to its axis of rotation, and the hydrofoil surfaces being independently angularly orientable about their respective rotation axes, characterised in that the hydrofoil surfaces are so oriented that: a) the leeward of the hydrofoil surfaces exerts a force having a windward and an upward component, and the windward hydrofoil surface exerts a force having a windward and a downward component or b) the leeward of the hydrofoil surfaces exerts a force having an upward component and the winward hydrofoil surface exerts a force having a pure windward component, or c) Both hydrofoils exert forces having an
  • each hydrofoil surface comprises a pair of fins arranged symmetrically about the rotation axis of the hydrofoil surface and at a predetermined incidence angle relative to the rotation axis. It is foreseen that the incidence angle of the hydrofoil surfaces may be made variable.
  • the hydrofoil surfaces are preferably mounted to the vessel's hull by means of one or more pylons extending from the hull, each hydrofoil surface being rotatably mounted at the free end of a pylon or between the free ends of two pylons.
  • the means for orienting each hydrofoil surface relative to the vertical advantageously comprises a shaft rotatably mounted within a pylon and carrying a bevel gear at its outboard end, the bevel gear meshing with a bevel gear fixed to the hydrofoil surface so that rotation of the shaft causes rotation of the hydrofoil surface about its axis.
  • control of a sailing vessel having the hydrofoil surfaces described above can be further improved by the use of a bow foil mounted on a single pylon beneath the forward part of the vessel.
  • the pylon will preferably be of faired cross-section and will be rotatable about a vertical axis to serve as a rudder, possibly replacing the conventional stern rudder.
  • a lifting foil surface mounted on the bow pylon assists in keeping the vessel's direction in conformity with the sea surface, thus reducing transient variations in incidence at the hydrofoil surfaces further aft.
  • the incidence of the bow foil may be fixed or variable.
  • a shaft 4 Extending between the free ends of the pylons 1 and 2 is a shaft 4, whose ends are received in bearings 5 and 6 in the pylons 1 and 2 for rotation about its axis.
  • the shaft is arranged so that its axis is parallel to the centreline of the vessel, and is generally horizontal.
  • a bevel gear 7 which meshes with a cooperating gear 8 mounted to a control shaft 9.
  • rotation of the shaft 9 will cause the shaft 4 to rotate by an amount corresponding to the gear ratio of gears 7 and 8.
  • a hydrofoil surface 10 comprising a pair of fins 11, 12 which are of a cambered foil section and are set at an angle relative to the shaft axis, so that as the vessel moves through the water then a hydrodynamic lift force is generated by the fins.
  • the lift force is arranged to act in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 4.
  • a vessel's hull 3 is fitted with two hydrofoil surfaces 10L, 10W, spaced symmetrically about the vessel's centreline.
  • Drive means (not shown) are provided within the hull 3 which can be operated to rotate the shafts 4 and hold them, and thus the hydrofoil surfaces 10L and 10W, in any desired angular position.
  • Such drive means may be manual, for example a simple handwheel mounted on the shaft 9 at an accessible point within the vessel, or the drive means may be an electric motor or other remotely controllable drive.
  • Transmission of the drive to the shaft 4 may be via a control shaft and bevel gears, or it may be achieved via a flexible coupling or universal joint, or the control shaft 9 may be replaced by a chain or other drive arrangement.
  • an indication of the angular orientation of the shafts is provided, either by marking the handwheels of manual drives and providing an electrical indication of the angular positions of the shafts 4 by means of electrical sensors acting on the control shafts 9 or the shafts 4 or on their drive trains and relaying position information to a display device.
  • Operation of the apparatus is simple, in that the orientation of the lift forces produced by the hydrofoil surface is arranged, by rotating shafts 4 to desired positions, so as to provide a resultant force and/or moment acting on the vessel to counter the leeward forces and heeling moments produced by the wind in the rigging and sails.
  • each hydrofoil surface 10L, 10W exerts a lift force F (indicated by the arrow) at right angles to the shaft axis, then in the position shown in Figure 2 there is a resultant upward force of 2F tending to lift the vessel.
  • This is useful when running before the wind, as the displacement of the hull is reduced, thus reducing drag.
  • the vessel With the wind abeam indicated by arrow A, the vessel is subjected to a heeling moment due to the lateral force on the sails and rigging.
  • its "lift" force F is arranged to act downwardly and thus the combined effect of the two hydrofoil surfaces 10L and 10W is a moment of Fb counteracting the heeling moment.
  • the leeward hydrofoil surface 10L is arranged to provide a vertically upward force
  • the windward hydrofoil surface 10W is oriented to provide a substantially horizontal force to windward. This again will cause a righting moment and a force to counteract leeway.
  • the helmsman may select the combination of orientations for the two hydrofoil surfaces which best suits the point of sailing and wind strength at a given time.
  • each hydrofoil surface may be mounted to a single pylon.
  • the hydrofoil surfaces may be of considerable weight, to have a ballasting effect, since rotation of a hydrofoil surface 10 will not move its centre of gravity and thus upset the vessel's trim.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Eine Kieleinrichtung, mit der zugleich Abtrift und Kentern in einem Segelboot entgegengewirkt werden soll, bzw. damit Wasserverdrängung reduziert werden soll. Die Einrichtung besteht aus mindestens zwei Tragflächen ( 10 ), die in symmetrischen Abständen von der Mittschiffslinie entfernt liegen und zur Drehung auf Achsen montiert sind, die parallel dazu verlaufen, wobei jede Tragfläche in der Lage ist, eine hydrodynamische Kraft, die lotrecht auf ihre Achse wirkt, auszuüben. Die Tragflächen ( 10L, 10W ) können unabhängig voneinander über die individuellen Drehungsachsen gesteuert werden, was dadurch charakterisiert wird, daß :
    a) die leeseitige Tragfläche ( 10L ) eine Kraft, die aus einer luvseitigen und einer aufwärtswirkenden Komponente besteht, ausübt sowie die luvseitige Tragfläche ( 10 W ) eine Kraft, die aus einer luvseitigen und einer abwärtswirkenden Komponente besteht, ausübt, oder..
    b) die leeseitige Tragfläche ( 10L ) eine Kraft, die aus einer aufwärtswirkenden Komponente besteht, ausübt und die luvseitige Tragfläche ( 10W ) eine Kraft, die aus einer reinen luvseitigen Komponente besteht, ausübt, oder..
    c ) beide Tragflächen ( 10L, 10W ) Kräfte ausüben, die eine aufwärtswirkende Komponente haben.
  2. Eine Einrichtung gemäß Titel 1, charakterisiert dadurch, daß jede der Tragflächen ( 10 ) zwei Finnen ( 11,12 ) aufweist, die zur Drehung auf einer Achse ( 4 ), die durch ihre Enden führt, befestigt sind und parallel zur Mittschiffslinie des Bootes ausgerichtet sind.
  3. Eine Einrichtung gemäß Titel 2, charakterisiert dadurch, daß die Befestigung der besprochenen Tragflächen am Boot aus Masten ( 1 ) besteht, die vom Bootsrumpf ( 3 ) herausragen, wobei jede Tragfläche zur Drehung auf der freien Nock der Masten befestigt wird.
  4. Eine Einrichtung gemäß jedem der vorherigen Titel, charakterisiert dadurch, daß jede Tragfläche ( 10 ) aus einer Welle ( 4 ) und zwei Finnen ( 11,12 ) besteht, die darauf befestigt sind, wobei die Welle an ihren Enden in Lagern ( 5 ) in der freien Nock der beiden vom Bootsrumpf ( 5 ) herausragenden Masten ( 1 ) verankert wird.
  5. Eine Einrichtung gemäß Titel 3 oder 4, charakterisiert dadurch, daß der Ausrichtungsmechanismus ( 7,8,9 ) für jede der Tragflächen aus einem Antriebsmechanismus und einer Übertragung, die Antriebsmechanismus und Tragfläche miteinander verbindet, besteht.
  6. Eine Einrichtung gemäß Titel 5, charakterisiert dadurch, daß die Übertragung aus einer drehbaren Kontrollwelle ( 9 ) und zwei Kegelradgetrieben ( 7,8 ) besteht.
  7. Eine Einrichtung gemäß Titel 5, charakterisiert dadurch, daß die Übertragung aus einer Kette und Radzähnen besteht.
  8. Eine Einrichtung gemäß jedem der Titel 5 bis 7, charakterisiert dadurch, daß der Antriebsmechanismus eine manuelle Handhabung vorsieht.
  9. Eine Einrichtung gemäß Titel 8, charakterisiert dadurch, daß der Antriebsmechanismus ein Handrad oder eine Kurbel sein kann.
  10. Eine Einrichtung gemäß jedem der Titel 5 bis 7, charakterisiert dadurch, daß der Antriebsmechansimus durch einen Motor erfolgt.
  11. Eine Einrichtung gemäß Titel 10, charakterisiert dadurch, daß der Antriebsmechanismus in einem Elektromotor besteht.
EP89313029A 1988-12-15 1989-12-13 Kiel Expired - Lifetime EP0373913B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8829293 1988-12-15
GB8829293A GB2226281B (en) 1988-12-15 1988-12-15 Improved keel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0373913A1 EP0373913A1 (de) 1990-06-20
EP0373913B1 true EP0373913B1 (de) 1993-09-01

Family

ID=10648549

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89313029A Expired - Lifetime EP0373913B1 (de) 1988-12-15 1989-12-13 Kiel

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0373913B1 (de)
DE (1) DE68908860T2 (de)
GB (1) GB2226281B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017209759A1 (de) 2017-06-09 2018-12-13 Ifm Electronic Gmbh Wasserfahrzeug mit verstellbaren Tragflächen

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5313905A (en) * 1991-05-09 1994-05-24 Calderon Albert A Twin wing sailing yacht
GB2322334A (en) * 1997-02-25 1998-08-26 Stephen James Bryant Twin yacht keels
NZ738400A (en) 2015-05-19 2023-02-24 Steenkamp Sarah May Adjustable ballast bulb for a sailing vessel

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3179078A (en) * 1962-12-04 1965-04-20 John R Popkin Dual hydrofoil mechanism for sailboats
GB1039592A (en) * 1964-03-03 1966-08-17 Waldemar Graig Device for directional control of dynamically supported watercraft
US3425383A (en) * 1965-08-11 1969-02-04 Paul A Scherer Hydrofoil method and apparatus
US3505968A (en) * 1968-06-19 1970-04-14 Henry Gorman Boat stabilizer
US4193366A (en) * 1978-03-27 1980-03-18 Salminen Reijo K Sailing boat and method of operating the same
DE2947523A1 (de) * 1979-11-26 1981-06-04 Ernst-W. Ing.(grad.) 4400 Münster Zühlke Schwenkbarer universalkiel mit spreizbarer kielflosse
DE2948240A1 (de) * 1979-11-30 1981-07-23 Frank 6246 Glashütten Göldner Durch schwimmer regelbare tragfluegelkonstruktion fuer wasserfahrzeuge
WO1987002641A1 (en) * 1985-11-01 1987-05-07 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. High-speed semisubmerged ship maneuvering system
DE3713176A1 (de) * 1987-02-07 1988-08-18 Erich Victora Segelboot mit fluegelkiel
DE3741758A1 (de) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-29 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Segeljacht

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017209759A1 (de) 2017-06-09 2018-12-13 Ifm Electronic Gmbh Wasserfahrzeug mit verstellbaren Tragflächen
DE102017209759B4 (de) 2017-06-09 2021-09-23 Ifm Electronic Gmbh Wasserfahrzeug mit verstellbaren Tragflächen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8829293D0 (en) 1989-01-25
GB2226281A (en) 1990-06-27
EP0373913A1 (de) 1990-06-20
GB2226281B (en) 1992-12-16
DE68908860D1 (de) 1993-10-07
DE68908860T2 (de) 1994-04-14

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